Front or four-wheel drive. What's better? Conversation about crossovers and parcktails
The segment of crossovers in Russia is growing not the first year. And what is the demand, the price is growing to that. So, maybe we overpay for the crossover? Is it not more profitable to buy a car with another body type? Customer buyers among the main reasons for the purchase are called a high landing, a large road clearance and stylish parquet appearance. And very often they call these cars "jeeps". But off-road qualities in most crossovers are mediocre.
Four-wheel drive
But in the period from 2007 to 2013, according to the same agency, sales of monoloders, on the contrary, grew. And rather substantially - from 7.1% to 22.4%. This is an explanation. Then Chinese brands came to Russia, and they did and continue to bet on the front-wheel drive SUV - to remember at least. In segment compact crossovers This is common practice. Say, 85% of buyers Nissan Juke Selected the front-wheel drive option. Yes, and the lion's share of sales of such a popular crossover, as Opel Mokka., also accounted for monodvoda versions.
The increase in the share of the full drive in the following years can be explained, firstly, the cutting devaluation of the ruble, when the population in a hurry began to spend money on the purchase of real estate and machines. And secondly, the conclusion to the market at once several popular average-sized crossovers: they are preferred in all-wheel drive execution. Say, in 2015 appeared, new generation Hyundai. Tucson and Nostlatform Kia Sportage.. Updated and Toyota RAV4. However, in the Russian representation of Toyota, they stated that they do not plan to refuse from the front drive.
Indeed, part of the buyers, which sprinkled the monolader, is no longer chasing behind the wheel formula 4x4.
And if the buyer does not intend to conquer off-road and moves only around the city, four-wheel drive He is simply not needed. In addition, the car with all the leading will spend more fuel in comparison with a similar monoprifer modification, other things being equal.
This is also the manufacturers, and therefore in most cases offer an affordable alternative to all-wheel drive SUV. As a result, a whole layer of shortfolders appeared on the market, which have no modification with the drive to all wheels. They joined them and.
Ground clearance
Apart from black matte plastic, which are less noticeable chip and scratches obtained when driving around rough terrain, such machines are completely deprived of off-road qualities. But they are cheap (price Sandero Stepway. It starts from 599,900 rubles), possess an impressive road clearance, which allows them to confidently go through the primer, and at the same time they are not inferior in comforting ordinary cars. Even AvtoVAZ is trying to hold onto the trend, offering the Xray pseudocrossover (from 549,900 rubles) and glued universals - Lada Kalina. Cross (465 800 rubles) and Lada Largus. Cross (from 664 900 rubles.). Cross versions of Togliatti station wagons may well become an alternative to all-wheel drive SUV if riding in the city and to the country. And the payload will be transported much more. In addition, the approach is even more spacious.
Sedanov from Tolyatti ground clearance is also not small. In this indicator, they can sort with most crossovers.
So before buying a crossover, you can consider an alternative in the form of cheaper glued hatchbacks and sedans.
Capacity
If you go mostly in the city and to the country, you can consider this type of body as Liftbek.
Want a big trunk, good ground clearance and four-wheel drive? For example, Skoda offers universals and. Of course, they are more expensive than most crossovers, therefore, they will rather fit as an alternative to representatives of the SUV premium segment.
So what's the result? For comparison, we collected in the same table the data on the most popular models in the market. Knowing what qualities your personal car should have, that is, what ground clearance, the volume of the trunk and the type of actuator is really necessary, you can pick up for yourself optimal option. And now take a look at the right column - imagine how much you can save?
| Model name | Positioning in the market | Drive unit | Road clearance, mm (in brackets measurements | The volume of the trunk, l(in brackets measurements of SM) | Price from, rub. |
|
| Crossover | Front | 2 l (146 hp), m6 | ||||
| Crossover | 2 l (149 hp), m6 | |||||
| Crossover | 1.6 (123 hp), m6 | |||||
| Crossover | Front | 1.6 (123 hp), m6 | ||||
| B-class sedan | Front | 1.6 (123 hp), m6 | ||||
| Crossover | 2 l (143 hp), m6 | |||||
| Crossover | Front | 1.6 l (114 hp), M5 | ||||
| B-class sedan | Front | 1.6 (82 hp), m5 | ||||
| Renault Sandero. Stepway. | Elevated b-class hatchback | Front | 1.6 (82 hp), m5 | |||
| Crossover | Front | 1.5 (106 hp), m5 | ||||
| Lada Largus Cross. | Elevated wagon (B +) | Front | 1.6 (102 hp), m5 | |||
| Liftbek B-Class | Front | 1.6 (90 hp), m5 | ||||
| B-Class hatchback | Front | 1.6 (87 hp), m5 | ||||
| B-class sedan | Front | 1.6 (90 hp), m5 |
** AvtoVAZ indicates ground clearance at full load;
***
In a five-seater version.
Of course, a lot of nuances affect the choice of a car when buying: for example, do you need automatic box Transmissions and what type of machine prefer. Equipment, comfort, etc. is important. We wanted to pay attention to the image of crossovers, created mainly by marketers. In comparison with reality, he, to put it mildly, is distorted.
In other words, choosing a crossover, do not think that you can have a spacious interior and enviable geometric Patency. According to these indicators, alternative to the crossover is abused. In most cases, they are also cheaper. You can choose sedans, adhesive hatchbacks or universal. The latter are least popular with hijackers, which means that you can save on the purchase of an insurance policy. And in service (for example, the body washing) all the above options are usually cheaper than crossovers.
What we continue to talk about the car drives, today we have a global topic, namely what is better and what to choose a front or four-wheel drive for a wagenik or crossover? As we know there, it is not completely honest with you, that is, not permanent and often does not have a hard blocking of differential, that is, you cannot manually block it, it connects only after the front axle starts to buck. And now there is a completely fair question - "Does it be necessary or the front axle is enough for the eyes?". Here everything is not definitely, let's understand ...
Well, to speak at all - that the four-wheel drive is bad, I will not! Yet, I think - that is exactly the opposite, it is even good! There are large and heavy cars, where it works constantly, which is much improved by the permeability. There are not very big cars, middle class "C", sometimes "D", where it is also constant or strictly plugged (which improves both the permeability and controllability under certain conditions), but here are the parquets or crossovers, it is completely different. The four-wheel drive in them, unfortunately, has now become the property of marketers and Deltsov, that is, you are trying to prove that they are four wheels "digging" and in the end it turns out completely all wrong. In this article I will try to debunk all myths, but for a better understanding you need to tell about each type, and I think it is worth starting with the front.
As we already said -, about this topic, too, a lot of "copies broke", but there is the principle of conversation another, yet one driven axis or in front, or behind, today the essence of the question is different.
The front-wheel drive is very simple in the structure, and it is almost brought to perfection now, that is, it can walk very and very long without any breakdown.
Device :
- Engine
- Attached to the engine gearbox with differential, often in one case
- From the box (differential) there are two axes with. On each side two shrusses (internal and external)
- These shoes are suitable for front wheels through special hubs.
The torque is transmitted from the engine - transmissions - axes - wheels. This is how the front-wheel drive car is given.
It is worth noting that transmission fluids There is not much here, in the box itself, that's all, as a rule, the rest of the connections are dry (well, or almost dry, still under the anthers in the shurts there are lubricant, but it does not change it there. This tells us that you can do not follow this design at all. Of course, I still advise you, because if they break down, it will soon fail and the hinge, but believe me the next 70s - 80,000 km it can not be done. If the manufacturer is serious, then anthers can walk 150-200,000 km.
The rear suspension in the front drive do not carry any semantic load, that is, it is a banal "support for the wheels", there is practically no weight, it is a light (either beam, or a "multi-dimension"). And what is important, rear end practically does not require maintenance, well, if only brake pads change.
Four-wheel drive
Even the connected four-wheel drive through the Viscuft, has a much complex structure (I'm already silent about constant). Here are more parts that are spinning (most of the time) in idle, there are already two bridges, and not one, also the cardan shaft and the rear axle are no longer secondary.
Device :
- Engine
- Transmission, which can be combined with front differential. However, the front differential can be made separately
- Front axis with shurtles on the front wheels
- The inter-axis differential, it can also be in one case with a box, but maybe separately (it all depends on the design)
- Transfer case.
- Rear Cardan to transfer torque Back Bridge
- Viscounts or an electrospata (hydromechanical) for automatic rear axle connection
- Rear axle. Can be made in a cast case from which two semi-axes come out rear wheels. But now there are also two axes with shruses, by analogy with the front axle, are often often followed from the rear differential.
As you can see, the building is much more complicated! There are two more differentials, inter-axis and rear, also appear here. transfer case, Viscouft and so on. All this adds in weight a car at least 100 kg, and possibly more. There are also many parts here, which are "spinning" in oil, and they really need to follow them. Some manufacturers recommend changing them transmission oil. If any glare flows, a whole node can fail. I think all this understands, but again everyone thinks I have a four-wheel drive, then I'm on some PARKTNER or crossover, on RAV4 or the same DUSTER, just becoming a conqueror of off-road - "What I am, I myself like a UAZ" ! But is it really so?
Four-wheel drive through the viscous coupling (electrical unit, hydromechanical clutch)
Well, what did we come to the most interesting, for whom the four-wheel drive of such crossovers, where can it be used? For many, this means - that you can immediately go to the forest on the mushrooms and berries, which is possible to strike such a off-road, what they say "on the door"! Guys stop, on crossovers and parquets Four-wheel drive very conditional, I would even say "urban" it is not intended for serious roadless tests.
Why? Yes, it is simply not designed for this. Often on many crossovers, it connects through the Viscouft or an electrofit
- Viscounts We have already spoken about it (you can detail). Transmits torque media special fluidconcluded in the body of the Viscounts. When one axis begins to stop, the liquid quickly hardens, thereby closing the rear axle and connecting it. Cons of such a drive that it is practically not possible to turn on or block the rear differential to work. Only after slipping. Therefore, the effectiveness of such a full drive is low enough.
- How it becomes clear, the work happens a little differently. There is no special fluid here, but there are electromagnets that are closed or disconnected when the voltage is applied to them, thereby connecting or turns off the four-wheel drive. This coupling is dry, there are no oils in it, it is good and bad. It is good that you do not need to follow the flow of the glands and change the liquid. Bad - this clutch is quickly overheated. Connecting a full drive occurs after front-wheel drive Draw, usually after the second rotation front wheel. In some cars equipped with such a node there is a forced blocking, that is, you can physically lock the rear axle. It seems to be a solution to it, the control is much better than the Viscouft, however, there is a large spoon of tar. Such a drive is very quickly overheated and disconnected if you can buck on the Viscounts for a long time, then the electromagnetic clutch will turn off after 3 - 5 minutes of slipping. Also, they are faster due to large temperatures, as specialists say - just burn.
- Hydromechanical coupling. Very similar design with an electromagnetic option. However, here disks are closed due to oil pressure. Inside there is a pump that creates pressure for compressing or connecting. Pumps now can also be with an electrically driven, used to be mechanical.
Actually, such structures are applied on a large number of crossovers or parkelors, here another find - very and very difficult.
Full or front?
As you can see to call such complete drives - full, as the language does not turn! For which they are sharpened. You know, somehow talked with the "Mother" mechanic about such automatic connections, And that's what he told me - "To see even (middle dirt) on such cars will be obligated, they are simply not designed for this off-road, do not think that you have bought a car for Pateuries Similar with our UAZ, these are different classes! Especially if you have an automatic gearbox, because it can also overheat enough (with mechanics everything is a bit better). These cars are designed to make a maximum of fighting the snowy courtyard in the city of winter, well, or with a couple of shallow puddles on the road to the country "
Do you know how the shovel is in your trunk or a neighbor passenger - what do I mean? On the front-wheel drive car you will need to clear ahead ahead (with the help of a shovel), well, or ask the neighbor-passenger so that he pushed you a little. But such a plug-in all-wheel drive carwill be able to get out myself. Okay? Of course yes! But is it worth overpaying for it?
If you disassemble the front and complete options, you should think, and where and how are you moving? It is also worth considering that all-wheel drive car:
- Costs more.
- Completed with full drive are at least "medium" and "top", that is, you will not find it in the "standard".
- The car weighs more
- More vibrations. Because more nodes spinning.
- Service is more expensive
- More torque elements, which reduces the resource
- Fuel consumption
- Modest possibilities of this all-wheel drive car
Actually, if you are 100% urban resident, the snow in the cities are cleaned, go to the cottage where there are not quite comfortable a few meters of dirt - then take such a four-wheel drive, as I think this is overpaying, and he does not need it!
If you are a resident of the countryside, the asphalt you saw only on TV, and the snow wounds so that it's hard to move on the tractor - it will not help you! Here you need to look more brutal technique, perhaps on the frame. Yes, at least the same UAZ, it will be more practical.
Four-wheel drive from crossovers and parcktails, it's not exactly what you expect - believe me. It is rather a trick of marketers, and not the all-wheel drive car in the understanding of the "offender of the off-road". Of course, the benefit of it is (for example, you live near the city, in the winter it seems to be cleaning the roads but not always), but it is not so significant that it is more than 100,000 rubles more, as I think it is meaningless. Yes, and maintain such a car more expensive! If you consider everything plus and cons, I personally would not bought it! Although you may have other thoughts, write in the comments.
Now a small video.
"Pluses" and "minus" type of body.
Any technical products, the main advantage of which the versatility is stated, from compromise. But these compromises far do not always mean the success of the implementation of the principle of versatility. This is fully related to crossovers.
Not on the emphasis
Crossovers - one of the fastest growing segments automotive market For many years. It would seem that this type of car should most comply with the conditions of operation in Russia. With our not always smooth roads - In the suit of a big ground clearance, and with our slippery winter is the most complete drive. But in fact it turns out that we use all these opportunities just a few times a year. And the capabilities themselves are not at all what makes the emphasis on advertising and what we behaved. Let's deal with.
Tires
When I have confused thoughts about buying a crossover, I first think about ... tires. More precisely - about the overpayment that falls in the fall. After all, it is in the fall we think about buying winter tires. Non-reliable monitoring shows that typical for medium family a passenger car Tires dimension 205/55R16, at least one and a half times cheaper than typical for crossover 225 / 65R17. This is, first.
Secondly, the believed four-wheel drive is so waved to buy "inappropriate" and "comfortable" untouched tires. Say, the very "magical" all-wheel drive will allow not to stop on slippery coverage and on the so-called "friction" tires. In part it is. But when braking, all this all-wheel drive does not participate in any way. And the nature of the braking from the type of actuator does not depend on it. So, spikes, as usual, preferably.
Fuel consumption
There is now more eloquent than anywhere. The crossover "eats" is much larger than the family "car". First of all, because it is tritely harder. In addition, as we have already written earlier, the shafts of the drives in most crossovers always remain connected with wheels. And even in 2WD mode, they continue to spin and require additional power from the engine on their promotion. Which can be taken only by spending extra fuel.
But it is not all. Crossover is more voracious and on the track. After all, the area of \u200b\u200bhis frontal projection a priori is greater than that of the "car". And the windshield coefficient is usually higher. Accordingly, it is necessary to push out a significantly larger mass of air ahead. Which at speeds for "hundred" selects the lion's share of the motor power.
Resource of nodes and aggregates
The overwhelming majority of modern crossovers are made on the basis of any purely passenger models (and exceptions land type Rover Freelander. Fadingly little). And in crossovers are used the same engines and transmissions as on "donors". Obviously, these motors and gearboxes will work at a more loaded mode. As a result, a smaller resource and above the probability of not only breakage, but also "simple" overheating. Which also leads to breakdowns, only more large-scale and expensive. And we will not forget about the temptation to use a four-wheel drive on "off-road", where the load on the nodes and the aggregates increases many times.
Dreams of full drive
Almost all modern crossovers Full-wheel drive equipped purely nominally. Yes, in the same conditions, for example, deep puddles on the risky roller, even the cross-conductive "unfavom" drive will turn out to be preferable. But ask yourself a question - and how often do you pass the deep puddles on the risks after rain? I bet that the average resident of a major city does this once every ten years. Personally, in 22 years, the "passenger" driver's life has never stuck in such situations. In winter, with incorrectly chosen tactics of overcoming the snow-covered sections of secondary roads - yes, I had to call for a couple of times. But with the same "success" I planted and real jeeps. Just pull them out with much more serious costs.
As for the crossover "full drive", then on any more or less non-serious off-road (and we will not even talk about seriously the drive clutch over the second axis over a few minutes. And the car does not go further. You can wait until the coupling cools and restores the performance. But even a novice jeeper knows that they are moving from the place (or go "swarmag") in difficult areas - this is not at all what to slip them down.
Any advertisement, where the "advantages" of the complete drive of the next crossover, necessarily contains the word "intellectual". Say, our "intellectual" megas-matted all-wheel drive super-system is so perfect that it determines how the coating under each wheel and accordingly distribute traction efforts. Firstly, it is in 98% of cases - a lucavia, which in particularly launched cases goes to brazen lies. At least because it is very difficult and expensive to adequately control the thrust on each wheel. For "intellectuality" usually answers one-only electron-controlled coupling, which "help" regular brake mechanisms, slowing down the bouncing wheels and redistributing through the differential traction to another axis wheel.
But all this "intellectuality" works with lags and inevitable delays. And it can be dangerous with these delays, especially for an experienced driver who has just finished smoky driving courses. Experienced driver "At the feeder" reacts with gas and the steering wheel on a sudden skid on slippery coating, and in the "intellectual" algorithm for the operation of the full drive is stitched that the car runs the frank "kettle". These actions of the driver and the algorithm inevitably follow in a contradiction, ending or in a cuvette, or on the counter-lane.
Yes, and in the usual modes, the Balance "Handling / smoothness" in crossovers a priori is worse than that of the "car". Affects not only more high center Severity and non-optimally located Roll Center, but also a large unsavory mass.
An article on crossovers - advantages and disadvantages, advice on whether to buy. At the end of the article - video about the best crossovers For 1.5 - 2 million rubles.
The content of the article:
The term "crossover" entered the car world with light hands American marketers who needed to come up with a name for a new line of cars increased passibility. The victorious procession of parquets (second name) began with the premiere of Toyota RAV- 4 in 1994. By 2015, crossovers became part of the production line of almost all world tolls.
The city crossover is exactly what world manufacturers are positioned. The keyword here, "urban", and it is his potential buyers who are overlooking all the attention only to the similarity of the body with a classic jeep.
The parcktails were created for specific problems of consumers, and expect the crossover to demonstrate the qualities of the sedan in the city and an SUV on the field - to drive himself into the disappointment trap. Consider in detail all the pros and cons of the modern Parketnik.
Big Plus - Styling
The appearance of the car that inspires respect with its solidity is chief Trump All crossovers. Attractive design, thoughtful body lines, radiator grilles and headlamps that rise above the classic sedans are the first thing that the buyer pays attention to.
Crossovers seem reliable and promising machineand therefore drivers who have not yet visited the parquetnik salon and did not tested him on the track, are subconsciously already confident that challenges Machines correspond to appearance.
Indisputable plus - good visibility
If compared with the sedan, the crossover exceeds the city car in the quality of the circular review. Due to the raised body of large lateral mirrors, the driver of the crossover is practically no "dead zones", it allows you to better assess the situation on the road and react. Because of this, we can say that the crossover has a plus safety. A careful driver who gets a vertical landing can be much better oriented while driving.
Choosing a crossover, it should be noted that not all the patterns of parquets have a high landing. The greatest parameters are demonstrated:
- Volkswagen Polo;
- PEUGEOT 3008;
- Kia soul;
- Nissan Juke.
Doubtful plus - safety at accident
The view that the crossover is safer for the driver and passengers than a hatchback or a sedan at an accident is nothing more than an advertising move. Indeed, the Institute of Road Security IIHS issued a bulletin in early 2018, where it is noted that the safety of crossovers increased by 10%. At the same time, an increase in security parameters for the driver and passengers is almost on all models and sedans, and hatchbacks, and SUVs - by 12, 13 and 3 percent, respectively.
According to such world-famous organizations such as Euroncap and already mentioned Institute IIHS, which conduct systematic crash tests of new models, security advances in crossovers before the rest of the cars are currently not.
Relative Plus - Spacious Salon and Big Trunk
Half crossovers have a third row - this allows you to say that the sneaker salon is suitable than that of the sedan. Rooms, but not much. As for the trunk, the standard sedan has a luggage compartment more than a crossover with laid scenes. The functional possibility of the sneaking of the crossover toas the seats of the rear row make the luggage compartment are really twice as much.
The Salon of the Crossover is spacious than that of sedans, but significantly inferior to convenience. The crossover no longer have those inconvenience that experience the passengers of the SUV, but before the comfort of the sedan, he is still far away.
Very dubious plus - cargo towing
In some advertising prospects, you can read that the crossover - perfect machine For the transport of such goods as a boat or snowmobile. Indeed, some models of crossover can easily take a tug of cargo to 800-1000 kg. But this is an exception to the rules. 90% of the mass SUV will not pull a heavy trailer, and here it is worth remembering the weight of the car. Even Toyota RAV4 weighs only 1.5 tons, and it is incomparably with a classic 4-ton SUV, such as Chevy Tahoe.
Good plus - big ground clearance
The average clearance rate at the standard crossover - 200 mm. It differs significantly from the sedan parameters and allows the parcktail to easily overcome high races and angular convents that are not forces for a sedan. The passage of the light off-road, rolled up, trips with snow-lined parkings crossover overcome much easier than hatchback.
Due to the greater road Suit On the crossover, just overcome the "lying cops" and parking the brings and low borders. But this is all - you should not wait for high off-road indicators from the city car.
For example, Skoda Octavia. It has a ground clearance of only 20 mm. less than crossover Skoda Yeti.But at the same time more powerful by 28 hp, consumes fuel into several liters less, and cheaper by several hundred thousand rubles.
Balance top Qualities Sedan and SUV for the city - it was the main idea of \u200b\u200bmanufacturers of the first crossovers, and it was achieved. Due to the large road lumen, the car overcomes snow skid and will remain quite comfortable on the track.
Not at all plus - efficiency
The thought of some drivers that the crossover is much more economical than the SUV and is inferior to the sedan in the number of fuel consumed, the root is not true - everything depends on the specific indicators of the compared machines. The calculation takes:
- Segment.
- Engine's type.
- Type of drive.
- Type and dimension of tires, etc.
Big plus and minus - handling
If you compare with SUVs, the crossover shows a much better manageability parameters on the track than frame SUV. with cast bridges. Better handling is achieved by the bearing body (without a frame for weight loss) and independent suspensions.
According to these constructive types the crossover is close to the sedan, but inferior to him by comfort. On the highway at high speed, the Parquetnik will "couple", it will be harder to manage than the sedan, and passengers rear seat May experience shaking on turns.
Absolute plus - price and range
The start of sales of the crossover begins from 650,000 rubles. For this price you can get quite decent Renault Duster., and if you pay 100 thousand more, then you can purchase Hyundai Creta.. Even if it will be basic equipment Without additional options and only with the front actuator, it is impossible to choose a single SUV for this price. But the sedan will always cost cheaper.
Crossovers have the biggest the lineup Many manufacturers. You can choose any size (compact, full-size, super, etc.), any filling of the car, order a leather interior and much more.
Thanks to its popularity, the crossover is easy not only to buy, but also to sell. At the same time, the buyer will remain with the benefit, and the seller. On the secondary market Great demand for two- and three-year-old parquets.
The stories that the crossover can demonstrate the quality of the jeep on off-road are fairy tales. And that's why:
- The crossover is not intended for frequent operation even on the rolled dirt road - "crushes".
- All-wheel drive versions have a regular front-wheel drive and a stable activation delay. rear axis on complex passages. In the car are not provided inter-axis differentials and classic distribution. Because of this, parqueties are buried in the ground and do not overcome large and deep holes.
Full minus - vulnerable bottom
If you acquire a crossover for an aggressive drive on tops and forget to look under the bottom, you can get into a rather unpleasant situation - 80% of crossovers have enough vulnerable places In the area of \u200b\u200bthe wheelbase, open brake pipes and low levers.
Ford Kuga I. Honda CR-V possess a fairly low front bumperAnd it will immediately become noticeable when crossing even shallow pit.
Relative minus - Comfort and Dynamics
Budget crossover is inferior to a sedan for comfort and dynamics - Here the driver will not be offered a powerful engine, nor a decent audio system, no two-zone climate control. Maybe there will be no winter package - heated seats and heated mirrors. In addition, sedans are cheaper and easier to maintain.
Choosing a car, calculate what goals he will decide which roads ride and how much money you are willing to spend on its service. For many motorists, the acquisition of the crossover will be the most the best option, and someone will surely change the sedan on the classic SUV.
Video about the best crossovers for 1.5 - 2 million rubles:
