Wheel disks Selection by car buy. Wheel discs: What do you need to know when choosing? Decoding tire marking

Do you want to choose a bus for your car, but do not understand the tire marking? It's not a problem! In this section, we will help you figure out: what are the tire parameters that they mean, and which tire is suitable for your car.

Decoding tire marking.

195/65 R15 91 T XL

195 - This is the width of the tire in mm.

65 - proportionality, i.e. Profile height ratio to width. In our case, it is equal to 65%. Simply put, with the same width, the more this indicator, the tire will be higher and vice versa. Usually this magnitude is called simply - "profile".

As the tire profile is a relative value, then it is important to take into account when selecting rubber, that if you instead of the size of 195/65 R15, you want to put tires with a size of 205/65 R15, then not only the width of the tire will increase, but also the height! That in most cases is unacceptable! (except in cases where both of these sizes are listed in the auto operating book). The exact data on the change in the external sizes of the wheel you can calculate in a special bus calculator.

If this ratio is not indicated (for example, 185 / R14C), it means it is equal to 80-82% and the tire is called full-face. Reinforced tires with such labeling are usually used on minibuses and light trucks, where a large maximum load on the wheel is very important.

R. - means tire with radial cord (in fact, now almost all tires are made this way).

Many mistakenly believe that R- means the tire radius, but it is the radial design of the tire. There is still a diagonal design (denoted by the letter D), but recently it is practically not released, since its operational characteristics are noticeably worse.

15 - wheel diameter (disk) in inches. (It is diameter, not a radius! This is also a common error). This "planting" tire diameter on the disk, i.e. This is an internal size of the tire or an outdoor disk.

91 - Load index. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel. For passenger cars, it is usually done with a margin and when choosing tires is not a decisive value, (in our case, in - 91 - 670 kg.). For minibuses and small trucks, this parameter is very important and must be observed.

Tire Load Index Table:

T. - Tire speed index. What he is more, with the greater speed you can ride on this tire, (in our case, IS - N - up to 210 km / h). Speaking about the tire speed index, I would like to note that this parameter manufacturer of tires guarantees the normal operation of rubber at a constant movement of the machine at the specified speed for several hours.

Speed \u200b\u200bIndex Table:

American tire marking:

There are two different marks of American tires. The first one is very similar to the European, only before the size of the letters "P" (Passanger - for the passenger car) or "LT" (Light Truck - Light Truck) is set. For example: P 195/60 R 14 or LT 235/75 R15. And other tire marking, which is fundamentally different from European.

For example: 31x10.5 R15 (corresponds to the European Size 2) 265/75 R15)

31 - External tire diameter in inches.
10.5 - Tire width in inches.
R. - The tire of the radial design (the older models of the tires were with a diagonal design).
15 - the inner diameter of the tire in inches.

Generally speaking, if you do not consider inch unusual to us, then the American marking tires are logical and more understandable, at different from the European, where the height of the tire profile is impermanent and depends on the width of the tire. And then everything is simple with decoding: the first digit size is the outer diameter, the second is the width, the third is the inner diameter.

Additional information indicated in the marking on the sidewall bus:

XL or Extra Load - reinforced tire, the load index of which is 3 units higher than that of the usual tires of the same size. In other words, if the load index 91 is specified on this tire with an XL or Extra Load mark, then this means that with this index, the bus is capable of withstanding the maximum load of 670 kg instead of 615 kg (watching the tire load index table).

M + S. Or M & S Tire Marking (Mud + Snow) - Mud Plus Snow And Means Tires All-season or Winter. On many summer tires for SUVs, M & S is indicated. However, these tires cannot be operated in winter, because Winter tires have a completely different composition of rubber and tread pattern, and the M & S icon indicates good tire patency.

All season or as All-season tires. AW (Any Weather) - any weather.

Pictogram * (Snowflake) - Rubber is intended for use in harsh winter conditions. If there is no tire on the sidewall this label, then this tire is designed for use only in summer conditions.

Aquatred, AquaContact, Rain, Water, Aqua or Pictogram (umbrella) - Special rain tires.

Outside and Inside; Assymmetric tires, i.e. It is important not to confuse which side is outdoor, but which is internal. When installing, OUTSIDE must be from the outside of the car, and Inside - with the inner.

RSC. (Runflat System Component) - Runflat tires are tires on which you can continue moving by car at a speed of no more than 80 km / h with full pressure drop in the tire (when crossing or cut). On these tires, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations, you can drive from 50 to 150 km. Different manufacturers of tires use various RSC technology designations. For example: Bridgestone RFT, Continental SSR, Goodyear Runonflat, Nokian Run Flat, Michelin ZP, etc.

Rotation Or the arrow this marking on the sidewall of the tire means the directional tire. When the tire is installed, it is necessary to strictly observe the direction of rotation of the wheel specified by the arrow.

Tubeless - Delicious Tire. In the absence of this inscription, the tire can only be used with the camera. Tube Type - indicates that this tire must only be operated with the camera.

Max Pressure.; The maximum allowable tire pressure. Max Load is the maximum permissible load on each car wheel, kg.

Reinforced. or RF letters in a sizer (for example 195/70 R15RF) mean that this is a reinforced bus (6 layers). The letter C at the end of the size (for example, 195/70 R15C) denotes a cargo tire (8 layers).

Radial This marking on rubber in a sizer means that it is the autoresin of radial design. Steel means that metallic cord is present in the tire design.

Letter E. (In the circle) - the tire corresponds to the European ECE (ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE). DOT (Department of Transportation - US Department of Transportation) - American Quality Standard.

Temperature A, B or C The heat resistance of the autoresine at high speeds on the test stand (and is the best indicator).

TRACTION A, B or C - The ability of the tire to braking on a wet roadway.

Treadwear.; The relative expected mileage mileage compared to the special standard US test.

TWI (Tread Wear Indiration) - Pointers of tire tread wear indicators. Marking on the TWI wheel can also be with an arrow. Indicators are located evenly in eight or six places across the entire circumference of the tire and show the minimum permissible tread depth. The wear indicator is performed as a protrusion with a height of 1.6 mm (the minimum protector for light vehicles) and is located in the deepening of the tread (as a rule, in drainage grooves).

Dot. - Clear address of the manufacturer, bus size code, certificate, release date (week / year).

When selecting disks, it is necessary to consider the parameters and quality car disc. Discs and wheels are generally considered a very important part of the car, respectively selection of wheeled disks Must be accurate. Since successfully and properly chosen car discs will affect the contact level of the car with a road surface, the smooth driving and ease of control. In addition, from the choice of certain wheel disks The trajectory of the brake path will depend. For an accurate and correct selection of discs for the car, it is necessary to know all the parameters of the disk. After all, only the correct parameters will help to decide on the discs for your car, as well as significantly improve the aerodynamic quality of the car and prevent premature rubber wear.

Choose discs on car brake

When selecting car disc A number of fixing parameters must be taken into account to which the mid-space distance to the hub, the rim width, the diameter and the density of the axial opening of the automotive discs. In order to independently define all these parameters, you need to have sufficient experience and skills, or spend time to explore all these data and all sorts of nuances.

It has long been known that car wheels are almost a quarter to the entire surface area of \u200b\u200bthe machine. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that most car owners seek to give their car ambitiousness and individuality, trying to choose wheel drives for carsthat will be the most appropriate requests for motorists. Today, most of the car owners enjoy lithuanian wheeled discsTherefore, great demand gives rise to a sentence. Such a variety of proposed models can greatly make it difficult to choose. That is why the correct selection of car disc paramameters is considered necessary, in order to appreciate the whole picture as a whole.

Today, the sale of tires and cast discs is rather considered a matter of trust. Because considering huge number of disk manufacturers And tires, buyers are often confused at the time of choice. Besides selection of wheeled disks It is considered a rather complicated process that requires certain knowledge and skills in this area, since the choice concerns the load and other permissible parameters of the car.

For instance, stamped car discs They are considered the cheapest of all existing types of wheeled wheels. That is why such wheeled models are installed mainly to budget cars. In addition, it is these wheeled discs that are considered the most durable and practically unable. Therefore, in contrast to all other existing types of automotive wheels, only stamped wheels are not laid out with a strong impact, but only bent. Stamped car discs are very easily restored, after which they are used further.

How to choose how to choose a car discs?

To make the right choice and competently pick automotive drivesIn addition to the knowledge of all important parameters, it is necessary to distinguish both disks. In addition to the cheapest stamped discs, alloy wheels also exist, the main advantage of these alloy cast discs Their relative ease is considered. Standard cast wheels that are made of aluminum easier than iron car discs somewhere on a kilogram.

In addition, cast wheeled disks are almost at all corrosive, in addition, the technology of manufacturing these discs gives an excellent opportunity to give them absolutely any form, and this is too important for design.

But it is not necessary to idealize alloy automotive discs, since if the iron disk breaks, it is possible to reanimate it very easily, if microcracks appeared on the cast car disk, or the disk just split, the correction and restoration such, unfortunately, does not give in.

In addition to stamped and cast car discs, there are also existed wrought disks. This type of wheeled disks is considered the same stamping, only hot. At the time of the production of forged disks, manufacturers use magnesium and aluminum alloys. Of all the existing types of automotive drives wrought disks considered the most lungs. The differences in forged disks from cast discs is that at the time of the strike there are no cracks, forged disks are just bent, it is precisely that they can always be repaired.

That's just if the motorist wants his car to look stylish, fashionable and beautiful wrist discs will not be too suitable option.

Recently, stamped and forged automotive discs are ousted by cast wheelbases. Experts argue that competent selection of cast drives Demonstration of its excellent feeling of style. And it is simply impossible to argue with this, because the selection of wheeled wheels the necessary and important item for any car, besides, this is part of the image component. Therefore, most modern car owners do not save at the acquisition of high-quality wheeled disks and come correctly.

Online store tire and disks "Dilijans" Offers motorists a huge selection of high-quality car discs for various car brands.

1. What should I do?

Correctly choose wheels on the existing car, along the way, sobering with all the necessary parameters.

2. What are the disk parameters to take into account when buying?

No matter what car you have, when you select new disks, you must consider the following parameters:

• disk type;
• mounting (or landing) diameter;
• the number and diameter of the location of the mounting holes (PCD);
• disk width;
• disk departure (ET);
• the diameter of the central (hub) hole;
• form of mounting holes;
• having Hampov.

Let's notify immediately: If at this point you have a desire to deal with all these parameters, when you select Discs, simply use the car selection service in large online stores. You can, simply specifying the model of your car, get discs, guaranteed to suit it in all parameters. Well, if the determination to learn everything is still with you, then let's get started.

3. Disc type - what are they

All discs on the type of manufacture are generally divided into three types: stamped, cast and wrought. The question of choosing a particular type is a topic for a separate material, but here we present the main differences.

Stamped discs - The cheapest: these are the very wheels that you see on the basic equipment of budget vehicles, and they are usually covered with plastic decorative caps. They are made of steel and painted enamel. Among their advantages, in addition to the lowest price - high maintainability. The fact is that stamped discs do not break when hit, and they are impaired, and subsequently they can be easily fixed. The main drawback of such wheels is high weight and lack of design: this is a purely functional product.

Alloy wheels Competitions are composed of popularity. Such discs are not made of steel, but from the easier alloy - as a rule, aluminum. Thanks to the manufacturing technology, alloy wheels can have a wide variety of form, which is combined with less than that of the "stamps" weighing and ensures their popularity. From the disadvantages of such wheels, you can mention a higher price and lower maintainability: alloy wheels are not impaired with a strong blow, and crack. Of course, the technology of welding repair and rolling has long been mastered, but it is impossible to ensure the preservation of initial properties after repair.

Wrought disks - the highest quality and expensive option. They are made by the method of hot bulk stamping, which provides the best inner structure of the metal and, accordingly, the highest strength with the least weight. The reverse side of this method is the lowest prevalence of products and a high price.

In addition to the above three types, there are still so-called prefabricated disks - but it is already exotic, and we will not touch them. In general, for the average car owner, the choice is between inexpensive, but boring stamped and more expensive and beautiful cast discs.

4. Mounting (landing) diameter

This is a completely obvious parameter: the diameter of the disc circle in inches. As a rule, it is denoted by the letter R: that is, the R 17 disk has a diameter of 17 inches.

We note particularly: the case itself does not apply to the diameter and came from the tire parameters, where it is also erroneously used in the "radius" value, in reality, implying the landing diameter of the tire. In the case of a bus, R is the marking of the radial design of the Cord, for the disk, this marking is actually not relevant. However, the erroneous "radius" in the value "diameter" and the concomitant R is so entertained that most sellers and recovery services are used by default.

The permissible diameters of the disks for your car are indicated in the manuals and on stickers in the doorways - along with the recommended tire pressure. When buying tires it is worth remembering that their planting diameter should coincide with the diameter of the disks.

Excess the maximum manufacturer's diameter is not recommended: too large disks, in addition to potential geometric incompatibility, change the parameters of the suspension, affecting the wear of the chassis. In addition, the larger the disk and below the rubber profile, the smaller the comfort promises movement on bad roads. However, changes in diameter within the limits specified in the manual, and even in an inch above, as a rule, undergo without significant consequences.

5. Number and diameter of the location of the mounting holes (PCD)

This is the so-called "breakdown": the number of holes and the diameter of the circle on which they are located (by the way, the English PCD is just the diameter of the circle, "Pitch Circle Diameter"). The number of fastening bolts can be different and increases with the growth of mass and vehicle speed: usually 4-6, but maybe more, and less (minimum 3). Most cars VAZ breaks 4x98, the exception is an eye (3x98) and Niva (5x139.7), as well as new models like Largus (4x100).

Disk breakdown must be observed: despite the fact that some discs - for example, 4x98 and 4x100 - seem interchangeable, it is not. Introducing the insignificant 2 millimeters of the difference in the circle diameter on which the mounting holes lie, they will greatly affect the installation: only one fastening from four will be correctly tightened, and the rest will be shifted relative to the center, causing wheel beating. In part, the problem can be solved by the use of bolts with a "floating cone" (about them just below), but in general, the use of disks with the unsuitable parameters of the breakdown should be avoided.

6. Disc width

This parameter is as simple as the diameter: this is the width of the disk in inches. Usually in the list of parameters, it is indicated by the letter J: for example, 5.5J is a disk five and a half-inch width.

The width of the disk is usually indicated in the same places as the allowable landing diameter, along with it. In addition to geometric parameters for the car, the width of the disk is important and when the tire is selected: the bus is designed to use with a disk of a certain width, but with some permissible error.

7. Disk departure

The disk departure is the distance from the bustal plane of the disc mounting to the hub to the longitudinal axis of the disk symmetry. Let's say easier: the central axis of symmetry is a line dividing the disk in half along the width described above, and the busty plane is a point where the disk comes into contact with the hub and is screwed to it.

The departure can be positive, zero and negative: if the axis of symmetry lies closer to the car than the busty plane, then the departure is positive, if they are on the same axis - then departure zero, and if the axis of symmetry is removed from the car more than the caustic plane - then a positive . In other words, the more departure, the deeper the disk in the wheel arch, and what he is less, the more the disk protrudes out.

Departure is a rather important parameter: it also directly affects the operation of the suspension and the wheel bearings. Incorrect departure not only increases or reduces the rut, but also may cause accelerated wear of the chassis and bearings.

8. The diameter of the central (hub) hole

The diameter of the central opening is a parameter that does not need additional explanation. In the list of disk characteristics, it is usually denoted as "Dia", "Dia" or "D". This is also an extremely important indicator: if the central hole of the disk is less than the required, the disc is simply not installed, and if it is larger, then the centering rings will be required to center the disk on the hub.

Many mistakenly believe that when installing a disk with a too large central hole, it is pointed to the hub due to the tightening of the bolts, but this is not the case. Accordingly, the beating and vibration that do not disappear after the wheel balancing is an occasion to check the coincidence of the diameters of the center opening of the disk and the hub and the presence of centering rings when necessary.

9. Fastening shape

The shape of the mounting holes is important from the point of view of the type of bolts or nuts, which will be attached to the disk. As a rule, bolts and nuts for stamped discs have only a slightly conical shape of the plane adjacent to the disk when tightening, and the bolts are also noticeably smaller.

The latter is associated with the minimum thickness of the stamped disk. The cast disk is noticeably thicker than the stamped, and in addition, its fastener has a more pronounced conical form, which requires the use of another fastener. In addition to the conical, the landing site of the mounting hole of some disks can be designed to use fasteners with a hemispherical and flat working part.

And yet: there are bolts with the so-called "floating cone": they allow partially to compensate for a slight discrepancy between the PCD disk required parameters. The working conical part in such bolts is made in the form of a separate ring, attached to the bolt, and shifts relative to the longitudinal axis of the bolt when tightening.

10. The presence of Hampov

Hamps - These are the protrusions on the outer surface of the disk, which fix the tubeless tire on the disk. Remember the cotton that are distributed when the tire is pumped up on the tire after installation on the disk? This is the moment of the "landing" of the tire: the onboard ring of the tire sits between the champ and the corporate disk. In fact, this indicator is indicated in our material last, because it is currently practically not relevant: almost all modern discs are designed to install tubeless tires and have champs.

However, if you, for example, have decided to purchase retro disks of solid age, keep in mind that they may well be designed to install exclusively chamber tires without having Hampov. However, it is possible to establish a non-chamber rubber, however, the question of its hermetic landing, as well as security during the move, will remain open: with insufficient pressure in the tire, the risk of "breaking" in turn will be very large.

Many novice car enthusiasts are sometimes not easy to choose for their iron friend. All because their marking reflects a large number of parameters and characteristics. This article will consider the method of decrypting the size of the disk size and select it for the car.

Reading characteristics

The entire row of parameters affixed to the disk can be divided into several components. It may look like this: 7JX16 H2 5X130 ET20 D74.1. To decrypt disk sizes, you need to consider each element in order.

It is worth noting that sometimes the location of the parameters in the string can vary in places and slightly different with symbols. But the general decoding algorithm for the disk size on the car is always one.

Width

The width of the disk is indicated in inches and goes the first in the characteristic string. In fact, it is one of the determining parameters when choosing. Stripping from this value, the width of the tire will be seamless. Examples of marking: 8,5 12, 9.5.

Experienced drivers declare that the big width significantly affects the handling and dynamics of the car.

Straightener design marker

Immediately after the digit from the width of the disk follows the letter value. As a rule, for a motorist, it carries little information and is used mainly by specialists of services. In most cases, it is marked with the letter J. But maybe JJ, K, JK, B, P, D.

Diameter disk

In decoding the size of the disk behind the symbol of the design of onboard creeks, the numerical value of the diameter in inches follows. It is also one of the main parameters. Changing the disk diameter to the most side can also change the sizes of the used bus. And this, in turn, will affect the controllability on the track. For example, on low-profile rubber, all the irregularities of the road will be clearly felt, and all load will fall on the shoulders of the suspension.

Hamps

Next, in order is the designation of Hampov. These are the protrusions along the clouds that allow you to fully secure the tire. Can take the values \u200b\u200bof H, H2, X. Here H is the usual Hamp, X is truncated. The coefficient after it is the number of parties on which the Hamp is located.

PCD.

The following parameter is sometimes called PCD. It is marked approximately like this: 5x130. The first digit in the record shows the number of disk mount bolts, and the second is the diameter on which they are located in millimeters. This is one of the most important parameters when deciphering the size of the disk.

Values \u200b\u200bmay vary in very small ranges reaching tenth of millimeter. Therefore, if the characteristic does not make sure, there is a chance that the bolts will not be able to stand on their place. As a result, fasteners will not be dense. So, they will then have frequent balancing and repair.

Departure

This parameter consists of numbers and a liter. Maybe this is ET20. If briefly, it means the distance between the disc plane and may be negative and positive. The first option will visually make the disk more convex relative to the car. The second is in-depth.

A significant change in the departure of the disk has an effect on the shift of the steering axis, increases the wear of bearings and in some cases impairs the handling. Auto manufacturers strictly regulate the size of the allowable departure and roughly break it - it means to hit some parameters of the vehicle that can and worsen.

The diameter of the central hole

It is measured in millimeters and denoted by letters and numbers. For example, so - D85. When decoding the size of the disk it is worth paying special attention.

Extra options

When decoding the size of the disks, other characteristics can be used. For example, the maximum load on the disk. On passenger cars use discs with a safety margin that should be enough for its needs. But if it turns out that it will be rearranged on the technique of another type, for example, an SUV, then the nearest small hole can damage the disk.

Typically, the load is indicated in pounds. To get some kilograms, you need to divide the existing value by 2.2.

When deciphering the size of the cast drives and the subsequent installation, it may not come up to the car. This condition is called a X factor. And it is connected with the fact that alloy wheels can be the most diverse form, while fully corresponding to the declared and necessary dimensions. Therefore, to avoid buying an inappropriate model, it should be first installed on the car, at least a couple of bolts and slightly scrolling. If nothing bothers, does not rest, the disk is perfect for cars.

How to choose a disc?

In addition to the technical characteristics, aesthetic properties may affect the choice, as well as a method of manufacturing.

The appearance is selected based on personal preferences. Someone likes more spokes, someone loves fewer petals.

It is also worth knowing that discs are divided into two large categories: steel and alloy.

Steel or stamped are made from a metal sheet connected by subsequently with welding. This approach can significantly reduce the release of products. In addition, steel discs are easier to repair and restore. Although it takes it quite rare, as they have good strength. On the other hand, the stamped approach generates inaccuracy in production, which promises problems with subsequent balancing. Also, considerable weight began to increase the total mass.

Alloy discs have a small mass. The process of their production allows you to create a variety of forms and design. They cost a little more expensive, but as a result of aesthetics and practicality, such discs are far ahead.

The alloy species is also divided into two categories: cast and wrought. The first form has a grain structure, which gives fragility of the product. This is a well-known problem of cast discs. With long-term operation in uneven roads, they have the property split.

The forged disk has a fibrous structure, which gives special plasticity and does not allow the disc to form chips and cracks. It is very difficult to deform or destroy it.

A small example of decryption

It is worth disassembling the markings on a separate product. For example, perform decryption of discs on Valdai. There is such a designation - 17x6 6x222.25 ET115 DIA160. Here the diameter of the disk in inches is first. It follows the width to which tires are selected.

Then follows the amount of bolts and the diameter on which they are placed. This is 6 and 222.25, respectively. ET115 is a disk departure. In this case, it means that the fastening plane is 115 mm inside. That is, the disc is convex.

DIA160 is the diameter of the central hole in millimeters.

Finally

Careful decipher when choosing them will allow you to accurately select the necessary parameters and not to become a victim of unreasonable purchase. To know about their characteristics will be useful not only to novice car enthusiasts, but also more experienced.

When choosing automotive tires and disks, the main and often the only factor is the compatibility of these components with a particular brand and model of the car. Many motorists are familiar with such technical characteristics as the installation parameters of the disks or sizes of the tires. This, of course, is wonderful, because it allows you to very quickly select literally several options yourself. However, there are enough such "advanced" motorists. There are much more those who for any reason prefer not to go into such technical details about their cars.

It is for them, first of all, a service oriented service that allows you to automatically select automotive discs and tires on the brand and car model. The participation of the user in this process is minimized and consists only in choosing from the available options first brand, and then models and years of vehicle release. After a few moments, the system will automatically select from many thousands of tires and wheel drives precisely those of them that exactly comply with the recommendations of automakers.

It is extremely important if you consider the enormous danger of using tires and wheels with unsuitable technical parameters. As a rule, such changes in the configuration of the car are caused by the need to improve some of its running characteristics or give it a more spectacular appearance. In real exploitation, such experiments end in a deterioration in controllability, damage to various parts of the suspension, an increase in fuel consumption, distortion of indicators of the current speed of movement. Some of these changes in the operational characteristics of the car significantly reduce the level of security that is unacceptable.

That is why it is not necessary to neglect the recommendations of automakers, which are based on the results of engineering calculations describing the work of various components and parts of the car, first of all, suspension. At the same time, all the most important safety indicators, manageability and comfort are being taken as the basis, each of which is checked during the internal tests or using computer simulation technologies.

The automated selection system of wheelboards and tires allows you to exclude such a development of events by proposing on the basis of the data specified by the user, at least several options. It simplifies noticeably and facilitates the choice, but, again, not for everyone. We recommend this category of car enthusiasts to contact our specialists. They will provide more detailed information about a particular model of the wheelbarrow or tire, indicating various nuances.