A passenger car belonging to the TC category M1. Categories of cars

04.11.2019

Improvement of legislation imposes on us, motorists, certain responsibilities, since today it is necessary to know what category M1 for passage of inspection or passing state exams in the traffic police. Previously, it was enough to learn the category TS according to the rules, although by and large, category B and category M1 is almost the same. This is the most "almost" is explained by the adaptation of local road legal legislation to the international, and in this regard, a sea of \u200b\u200bquestions arise.

The question is the first: why so much categories

In the European Union, it was legally adopted by the Committee on Transport of the United Nations Economic Commission Special Classification of the vehicle. What is it for us if everyone is accustomed to distinguish between transport in a single alphabetic designation system: a - motorcycle, in - car, C - truck, D is a bus, and the rights with a literary E allowed to carry trailers. However, from April 1, 2014, the International Convention road requires a more rigid and clear gradation of cars, motorcycles, trucks and special equipment.

Since the Russian Federation has subscribed under this Convention, it is forced to fulfill its conditions. And this was affected by both the categories of TC in rights and in the categories of TC in technical Regulations. Consequently, we now have two types of transport categories - for driver's license And for the technical model. Until recently, there was more difference between them than now, but over time the situation is aligned and clarifies. At the time of 2017-2018, the situation has developed in such a way that equivalent vehicles in the rights and the regulations of the UNECE inland transport committee have different designations. Which categories of cars are the second question.

Question Second: What is a technhylant

Technical Regulations are a kind of special technical document that regulates any products to standardize quality. In our case, it is necessary to establish clearer requirements for the passage of inspection in the diagnostic card. And this in turn should improve the quality and improve safety on the roads. Briefly - so, although there are other opinions on this matter. For example, the automatic sawmill of the Quadrocyclaus and the quadrician seemed to be, according to the old classification, it would be possible on equal terms.

But we know that the quad bike is not designed to ride on the roads of general use, and the quadricycle is just the opposite, which means that the requirements for them are different. At the same time, the engines on them can be absolutely the same as specifications. On this simple example, we see that more hard division even similar transport will bring not only extra efforts, but also benefit. Therefore, the legitimate third question arises.

Video Classification of Vehicles for the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union

Question Third: As transportation is now divided by category

In order not to arrange confusion, we tried to collect all the CU into groups, each of which corresponds to one or another category in rights or technical regulations. That is, we will do on the contrary and will be repelled from the type of transport. That's what came out of it:

Mopeds, mokiki, scooters. Until recently, it was not necessary for managing such equipment at all, and they were planted for their registration through their fingers. A few years ago, everything changed and today two- and a three-wheeled little thing is obliged to undergo inspection, and the driver must have the rights of category M. This technique corresponds to the category L1, if only two wheels, or category L2, if it is a three-wheeled machine. Under this position, transportation with the volume of the engine is not more than 50 cubes and maxima no more than 50 km / h. If the vehicle on the electric jam, then the power of the motor should not be more than 4 kW. For three-wheeled mopeds, mokikov and scooters, the location of the wheels can be any - two in front, one behind or vice versa.
Motorcycles, tricycles, scooters. All two- and three-wheeled techniques, which uses a volume of more than 50 cubic meters with a maximum of 50 km / h. To manage such a technique, the rights of category A. will be needed if we have only two wheels in stock, the motorcycle falls under the category L3. Any motorcycle with a stroller (and this involves the asymmetric arrangement of the wheels along the longitudinal axis) will be attributed to the category L4, and motor vehicles with a symmetric arrangement of wheels (two in front, one behind or vice versa) will be attributed to the category L5.
Quadrocycles and quadricycles - what is the difference. Often, even very authoritative prints are committed rough mistake, Fuck quadricycle with a quad bike. To dispel all doubts about this issue, we responsibly declare that the quadricycle is a small car with a power of no more than 20.4 horse power (15 kW) and full allowed mass no more than 400-550 kg depending on the purpose. If the machine serves to transport goods, then the allowed mass can be up to 550 kg. According to the parameters of the driver's license, they are classified to category B1, and the technical change - L7. An example of such a transport can serve as the famous Motocolus C3A or C3D. If the power of a four-wheeled motorcycle is less than 4 kW, it is classified to the category L6.Kvadrocycle is an off-road vehicle, which is not intended for movement on public roads. In essence, this is a sports-utilitarian vehicle, to control which rights are needed, but not automotive, and the Certificate of the tractor driver Category A1. This also includes all snowmobiles, swamps and other low-fiber off-road special techniques. There is one nuance - if the motorcycle rights of the category A were obtained before January 2, 2000, it was safely necessary to reclassify the resolution A1 mark to control the ATV without additional proximation of the traffic police.

Cars. The most popular transport category is a passenger car. According to the classification of techniclements in this category, equipment that has no more than eight seating (not counting the driver) and is indicated as a category M1. To manage such machines, it is necessary to have the rights of category B. When passing a technical inspection to such cars, special requirements are presented. The effort on the brake pedal should not be more than 490 pp, if the design is provided by an amplifier (hydraulic or pneumatic). In this case, the working brake force should not be less than 0.5 yt. Effective braking distances must be no more than 16.6 m at the time of response brake system Not more than 0.6 s. The mode of deceleration for M1 cars should not be less than 4.9 m / s2, and if the car is equipped with a trailer, then this indicator cannot be less than 3.9 m / s2. At the same time, the effort on the brake pedal should not exceed 490 N. Machines related to the category M1 by technicallylamate, cannot carry trailers, which are permitted by the mass exceeds the allowed car weight. At the same time, the total mass of the trailer, along with the machine there can be no more than 3,500 kg. To control the car category M1 with a heavier trailer (more than 750 kg), it is necessary to have a vehicle driver's license. Regardless of the full mass of technology, cargo carsmobile will be attributed to the next category.
Trucks. For the transport of any cargo, the technique of category N1, N2 and N3 is intended. To the first following side trucks, vans and chassis, the mass with the full load of which does not exceed 3,500 kg. Category N2 includes the rest of the equipment, but with full mass Not more than 12000 kg. If the solvable mass of the truck is more than 12 tons, it is classified to category N3. It is permitted to manage such machines in the presence of a driver's license C category C, and for driving a truck with a trailer, which is heavier than 750 kg, must have category CE. Hardwood trucks with a trailer allowed with a total mass of more than 12 tons refer to category C1E, but those who have the category of CE can control such a technique.
Trolley buses, buses and trams. This category of transport for technical regulations refers to the category vehicle M2 in the event that the total permissible mass does not exceed five tons. If the bus can accommodate more than eight passengers (not counting the driver) and its total mass exceeds 5,000 kg, it is referred to as TS M managing this technique only in the case when the driver's license is category D.

Trailers. From the point of view of the driver's license, the category of technical regulations is divided into three subcategories. The category O1 includes trailers with a maximum permissible mass of 0.75 tons, to 3.5 tons, the trailer belongs to the category O2, and if the trailer or semi-trailer may have a total weight of up to 10,000 kg, it refers to the category O3. The greatest trailers with a total resolved mass of more than ten tons refer to the category O4 by technical flamber. To manage a car with a trailer any of the categories, you must pass to the category E, depending on the type of car.

Each of the categories of transport must comply with certain requirements for the technical regulations - efforts on management bodies, degrees of tire wear, presence of damage. That is why it is necessary to know what the requirements must be configured to successfully complete the inspection. Unlike other categories, the category M1 did not receive changes and in 2017 and the technical inspection is carried out under general conditions.

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General rolling stock of modern road transport Now is a fairly wide and diverse range of means of movement.

Each car is a unique for the purpose and the common characteristics of the vehicle.

To effectively streamline and classify the means of movement, a certain number of criteria were taken, which are simultaneously individual characteristic features Each car.

It is on the basis of these features that can be divided into groups that possess common characteristics and properties.

To highlight the transport area automotive productsbelonging to this category was set " road transport" This unit has allocated those machines from the whole range of cars that are exploited strictly on general use roads.

Over the scope of this category, all other types of fine transport are located, which is not intended for their sizes and mass for the tracks of ordinary public use. This includes various types of career transport, all-terrain vehicles, shafts and airfields.

The operating rules of the road for cars belonging to the category of vehicles, special overall parameters are provided:

All these are the basic parameters inherent modern carsrelated to the category of road traffic vehicles. The classification of vehicles by category is carried out by type, by appointment.

Transport classification by type

At the moment, the classification by car type is increasingly. This is not just a distribution, but the official decision that is used in all regulatory papers and documents - state standards, traffic rules and so on.

At the same time, the classification is used in the process of registration of modern vehicles.

The category of installed engine is used as the general functional division of the means of movement.

On this basis, modern vehicles are divided into mechanical, equipped with an engine, as well as towed, not having a similar one.

Mechanical and one or more towed cars are able to create a special combined means. In the official language, he has the name of the road train.

This design consists of the most driven car and connected to it one or more trailers.

Modern mechanical vehicles can be divided into the following types:

Standard cars.
Motor transport means.
Tractors.

Cars are modern mechanical vehicles driven by a certain source of energy. Among other important characteristics Modern car can be noted:

the presence of at least four wheels located on two axes;
the vehicle is designed to move on roads without rails;
cars can be used as for the transport of goods and to move people. From can be used to perform special works.

The term "cars" extends to the means of movement, in which the engines are powered by a constant electric current going on the suspended contact networkIf it is trolleybuses. It can also be special three-wheeled cars, the total mass of which is not more than 400 kg.

The total exercise weight includes the weight of such elements as:

Full shipment of the car.
Cooling fluid volume.
Weight of lubricants.
Marsomomer liquid mass.
The weight of the fuel, that is, the tank, filled with at least 90% of the established nominal volumetric capacity.
Mass of spare wheels, fire extinguishers, tools and spare parts.

Modern motor vehicles are special single-wheel two-wheeled mechanical means of movement.

As for tractors, these are mechanical vehicles that are used to implement traction or pressure efforts through the equipment reliably mounted in it.

Modern towed vehicles can be divided into trailers and semi-trailers.

In the first case, these vehicles that do not have an engine or cargo, in which the vertical load is transmitted to the entire support surface through the installed wheels. Trailers in their design are adapted for towing cars.

Semi-trailers are the same trailers that according to the peculiarities of their design are intended for use simultaneously with the saddle tractor. A part of the total weight is transmitted in this case to the truck tractor through the coupling truck.

Classification of cars by category

Modern classification of cars by category is more accurate and clear. This distribution form is fully consistent with the total consolidated resolution of the UNECE car division.

Based on this qualification, all vehicles are subject to special regulatory legal acts. The division in the category is carried out as follows.

TC categories for technical regulations L, M, O, deserves special attention. These are mechanical means of movement that have four or more wheels. The category about includes trailers and semi-trailers, which are also distributed to certain categories.

The division into categories in the table is as follows:

Category division	Characteristics
L1.	Modern two-wheeled vehicle, where the operating volume of the engine does not exceed 50 cm3, and maximum speed reaches 50 km / h
L2.	Three-wheeled vehicle with different positions of wheels. The engine volume with internal combustion does not exceed 50 cm3, and the level of maximum speed is not higher than 50 km / h
L3.	Motorcycles or two-wheeled vehicles with a motor 50 cm3 and a maximum speed of no more than 50 km / h
L4.	Motorcycles with a stroller, that is, the vehicle is equipped with three wheels. The engine has a power of 50 cm3, and the maximum speed when calculating exceeds 50 km / h
L5	Method of movement category tricycles. The wheels are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane. Speed \u200b\u200band motor parameters here are standard
L6.	Light quad bikes having four wheels. The unloaded mass of these means of movement does not exceed 350 kg. At the same time, the weight of batteries is not taken into account. The estimated maximum speed level does not exceed 50 km / h
L7	Quad bikes, that is, four-wheeled vehicles, the mass of which ranges from 400-550 kg. The power of the data of vehicles does not exceed 15 kW
M1.	Methods of movement that are used to transport passengers
M2.	Means that transport passengers or a small cargo to 5 tons
M3.	Machines capable of transporting load more than 5 tons
N1	Means used for shipping weight up to 3.5 tons
N2.	Cars intended for the carriage of goods. The maximum mass can be more than 3.5 tons, but should not be above 12 tons
N3.	Mobile means intended for shipping, the mass of which can be slightly higher than 12 tons
O1.	Trailers up to 0.75 tons
O2.	Constructions, more by weight indicators 0.75 tons, but not more than 3.5 tons
O3.	Trailers maximum mass which can exceed 3.5 tons, but not more than 10 tons
O4.	Trailers, by weight exceeding 10 tons

Everything modern cars are divided into signs of their primary purpose. Vehicles serve to transport passengers or for the transport of goods in the form of special equipment.

There are two main categories of cars:

passenger;
designed for transportation of goods.

Modern passenger cars are a means of movement, the design of which and equipment are intended for transporting a certain number of passengers and baggage. At the same time passengers are ensured high level Comfort and optimal safety.

If the number of passenger seats does not exceed nine together with the driver's place, it is passenger carsIf the number of places more than nine, then this is a bus.

Cargo cars are vehicles whose chassis is used to transport special construction equipment - Auto, truck crane or drilling rigs. Also transported can special cargo - a concrete mixer and tank trucks.

Modern cargo cars are equipped with special means of loading and unloading, which makes them more functional.

Special tractors can be used for shipping - simple or saddle. They produce their function with the help of towing semi-trailers and simple trailers.

Among the most popular vehicles can be noted:

one-storey buses with a total number of seats are not more than 17 along with a driver's seat. These are modern minibuses;
a vehicle that is intended for the equipment and the design is intended for shipping and passengers. There are combined vehicles - cargo-passenger;
trailers intended for use in ordinary road conditions. They can be used as a mobile residential premises.

Special attention in this case deserves the calculation of the number passenger seats . Similar places are taken into account only if they have special fixtures.

The fasteners are available for the passenger include mechanisms that are used strictly to install seats. Particular attention is paid to the method of their attachment.

Metal bases in this case should be carefully welded, it is important to fully eliminate their removal through standard tools.

Vehicles can be divided into species not only for general purpose, but also in special categories. Special letter notation is used here.

Conclusion

The distribution of vehicles in the category and subcategories is very important. With state technical inspection, there are quite often situations when it is required to establish exact compliance between categories and types of cars.

All data are checked with the information made to the registration of the GAI base.

Recently, there have been changes in the law and certain categories of the vehicle were introduced in those. regulations. The concept of a category M1 vehicle is increasingly interested in people. The driver of a passenger car, for example, will not immediately figure out that according to those. The routine of his car also refers to this group.

Categories in those. Regulations are different from the driver's license. Thus, the M1 group includes such vehicles:

Mopeds, motorbikes, mokiki.
Motorcycles, scooters, tricycle.
Quadricycles.

With that, they all must be equipped with an engine no more than 50 cubes, and if an electric motor is used, power cannot exceed 4 kW.

Also to M1 for those. The regulations include the passenger car M1 - which is carried out by the transportation of passengers no more than 8 people. Machine machine no more than three and a half tons.

The concept of those. Regulations

It is a special documentation that regulates any products to verify the quality standard. If we consider the area of \u200b\u200bthe machines, it is used to establish the requirements for those. inspection and receipt of the diagnostic card. Compliance with standards improves the quality of the inspection of the car and improves traffic safety. For example, it was possible to carry out a quad bike and quadrician before equal terms. However, quad bike is not intended to move on roads, therefore the conditions for them are set different. Although their engines are often the same, as well as those. characteristics.

But tough division brings not only trouble, but also a big plus.

Classification

Imagine all types of TS in groups:

Category	Group	Description
Category TS M1.	L1.	Two wheeled mopeds, mokiki, scooters.
	L2.	Three-wheeled mopeds, mokiki, scooters.
	L3.	Two wheeled motorcycles, tricycles, scooters.
	L4.	Motorcycle with strolle
	L5	Motor vehicles with a symmetric arrangement of wheels.
	L6.	Four-wheeled motorcycle
	L7	Passenger cars category M1
M2.		Trolley buses, buses, trams.
M3.		Trolleybuses, buses, trams weighing over 5 tons.

Video: Classification of vehicles for technical regulations

The requirements of the technical regulations are clearly taken into account when passing to those. Checks for cars. This procedure is also shown clearly in accordance with the law. It is required to identify faults and eliminate them, which helps to ensure safety on the road.

When conducting those. An inspection is produced:

checking the machine itself;
inspection of individual elements;
checking additional equipment.

Be sure to be checked working condition as well as:

leaf steering;
efficiency of sanctification and wipers;
brake system;
the composition of the firstchka;
toning degree;
the level of emission of harmful substances.

Previously after passing, he was given a coupon, which was attached to lobby glass Auto. Now, if the car check is completed successfully, the owner will be given a diagnostic card. When identifying violations, it will be necessary to eliminate them and appear on the inspection. Not all drivers are obliged to carry a card. However, when making the insurance policy, it enters the package of the required documentation.

Technical regulations are required for those. Checks. It approved special categories for each type of vehicle, they are reflected in the diagnostic card. Depending on the vehicle belonging to the category, the center establishes the cost of the technical inspection service.

Category L - motorcycles

Mopeds, Motovibics, Mokiki

Category L1. - two-wheeled vehicle, the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km / h, and characterized by:
- in case of engine internal combustion - Engine working volume not exceeding 50 cu. cm, or
- In the case of an electric motor - a nominal maximum power in a long-term load mode not exceeding 4 kW.
Category L2. - a three-wheeled vehicle with any wheel location, the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km / h, and characterized by:
- In the case of an internal combustion engine with a forced ignition - an engine working volume not exceeding 50 cu. cm, or
- in the case of an internal combustion engine of another type - the maximum efficient power not exceeding 4 kW, or
- in the case of an electric motor - the nominal maximum power in the long-term load mode not exceeding 4 kW

Motorcycles, scooters, tricycles

Category L3. - Two-wheeled vehicle, the operating volume of the engine of which (in the case of an internal combustion engine) exceeds 50 cu. CM (or) Maximum structural speed (with any engine) exceeds 50 km / h.

Category L4. - a three-wheeled vehicle with wheels, asymmetric with respect to the middle longitudinal plane, the operating volume of the engine of which (in the case of an internal combustion engine) exceeds 50 cm3 and (or) the maximum design speed (with any engine) exceeds 50 km / h.

Category L5 - a three-wheeled vehicle with wheels, symmetric with respect to the average longitudinal plane of the vehicle, the operating volume of the engine of which (in the case of an internal combustion engine) exceeds 50 cu. See and (or) Maximum structural speed (with any engine) exceeds 50 km / h.

Quadricycles

Category L6. - four-wheeled vehicle, unloaded mass of which does not exceed 350 kg without taking into account the mass of batteries (in the case of an electric vehicle), the maximum design speed does not exceed 50 km / h, and characterized by:
- in the case of an internal combustion engine with a forced ignition - an engine working volume not exceeding 50 cm3, or
- in the case of an internal combustion engine of another type - maximum efficient engine power not exceeding 4 kW, or
- In the case of an electric motor - the nominal maximum power of the engine in the long-term load mode not exceeding 4 kW.

Category L7 - four-wheeled vehicle, other than the vehicle of the category L6, the unloaded mass of which does not exceed 400 kg (550 kg for a vehicle intended for the carriage of goods) without taking into account the mass of batteries (in the case of an electric vehicle) and the maximum efficient engine power does not exceed 15 kW.

Category M - Passenger Vehicles

Cars passenger

Buses, Trolleybuses, Specialized Passenger Vehicles

Category M2. - Vehicles used for the transport of passengers having, in addition to the driver's seat, more than eight seats, the technically allowable maximum mass of which does not exceed 5 tons.

Category M3. - Vehicles used to transport passengers having, in addition to the driver's seat, more than eight seats, the technically allowable maximum mass of which exceeds 5 tons.

In 2018 in settlements Russian Federation The new technical regulation of the Customs Union on the safety of wheeled vehicles began to operate.

In this regulatory document lists the requirements that are presented to technical state machines.

The main feature of this Regulation lies in the fact that there are several special categories of vehicles in it.

According to the current legislation, it is to describe such categories and are checked during the technical inspection of the machine, for compliance with all the requirements.

To verify the condition of vehicles, their inspection is regularly carried out on the basis of technical regulations. The latter is a special technical documentation that contains all the rules and requirements for standardizing the quality of the respective auto products.

In this document, all vehicles are divided into several categories, each of which has clear requirements for technical inspection (MA) in the diagnostic card.

This is necessary to improve the quality of it and, accordingly, improving security on the road.

After all, according to a new classification, the conditions imposed on different types vehicles, differ depending on the variety of equipment.

One of the categories is M1. It includes mechanical vehicles that are used only for the transport of people and are equipped with a maximum of nine seating places, including a driver's seat.

It should be noted that it is precisely the requirements from the M1 section most often interested in ordinary drivers, because this category includes all cars without exception, which can manage everyone who wishes a standard driver's license - .

However, it must be remembered that the specified group of vehicles does not apply to trucks, despite the fact that drivers with a qualification certificate in have the right to control this type of vehicles, and the features of the situation of their salon just like passenger cars, comply with the requirements established by the Regulations.

Thus, if a person has a need to receive any information about the status of a car, then the information specified in the technical regulation for vehicles of category M1 should be studied.

What is the difference between the category M1 from categories m2 and m3

According to the new legislation, the category M is denoted by all mechanical machines that are equipped with four wheels and are intended exclusively for the transport of people and hand-made bags.

For greater convenience of regulating standards of characteristics and operation of transport, the entire group M is divided into several smaller categories:

M1. - belong to it carsIn which, in addition to the driver's chair, is not more than eight passenger seats. Usually, a small luggage is also transported on such cars, which is essentially hand-made;
M2. - The category in which the vehicles are included, the mass of which is within five tons. They are intended to transport people. Inside the lounge of the models, a maximum of eight passenger chairs is installed, as well as the seat for the driver. They also have a luggage department for small cargo;
M3. - This is a category that denotes machines, which are also used by the M1 and M2 cars, are used to transport people and hand-made bags. However, in contrast to the above categories, cars can be equipped with a large number of passenger seats, and the total vehicle weight often exceeds five tons.

Making conclusions, it can be noted that M1 differs from M2 and M3, primarily by dimensions and weight of vehicles, and from M3 - also a permissible number of passenger seats. On modern automotive market The overwhelming number and variety of models occurs among the machines of the M1 group.

In addition, transport categories M2 and M3 are divided into one systematization into several categories:

Class I. - Various models of vehicles, the design of which necessarily includes several places for standing passengers. This feature Allows you to provide enough free movement of people from one end of the cabin to another;
Class II. - Machines, the design of which in most cases is designed for transportation of only seated passengers. As a rule, they can be transported in the passage of passengers or located in a place, which is assigned within the space limited by two dual seats;
Class III - It is all varieties of vehicles for which the design was developed taking into account the possibility of transporting exclusively sitting passengers. In such machines, it would be possible if you wish to carry even one stand passenger, because it does not allow the dimensions of the machine, as well as the interior design.

It should be noted that there is another classification for vehicles belonging to categories M2 and M3.

Nowadays, it is used by drivers and specialists in conducting technical inspection of cars at least than the above division into classes:

Class A. - Specialists belong to him by transport, which is produced for the transport of standing passengers, so their design initially provides for not only seats, but also free space for the comfortable position of people who are standing during the movement of the car;
Class B. - Machines, the design of which does not provide for the transport of people in a standing position.

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