How to prepare a mixture of gasoline and two-stroke oil? Fuel mixture Dilute 2-stroke gasoline.

14.10.2019

Almost any modern car equipped with four-stroke engine, therefore, most of the well-known manufacturers develop lubricants for them. Oils for 2 stroke engines less common, because such motors are more rare. However, they are found on motor boats, motorcycles, chainsaws, lawn mowers. Such motors have low weight and high power density, are cheap due to the simplicity of design and low cost of manufacture. Of course, such engines cannot be filled with conventional 4-stroke oil.

Features of such oils

It should be noted that such oils are disposable and completely lost. They are not poured into the engine crankcase in order to lubricate the cylinder-piston group. They are poured directly into the fuel. It is quite logical that the oil for 2-stroke engines burns along with the fuel. If you go into details, then about 25% of the product is spent on waste, the remaining 75% of the oil is emitted into the atmosphere as exhaust gases... The result is an oil mist. In some models, it is introduced in a ratio of 1: 100 or 1:20. The fuel / oil ratio may differ depending on the engine model.

Modern 2-stroke engines have a system that is, the required amount of oil is supplied in accordance with the load on the engine, which allows to reduce lubricant consumption.

Operation of 2-stroke motors

In used carburetor system air supply fuel mixture... Due to the principle of operation of such an engine, the emptying of the chamber from the exhaust gases and the supply of a fresh mixture are carried out almost simultaneously. Because of this, some of the fuel and lubricant is escaped with the exhaust. And a third of the fresh grease goes away. This is the biggest flaw. two-stroke engines, due to which the efficiency of the motor is low. Here part of the oil burns out, a large amount of emissions is formed. Therefore, in densely populated regions, where mopeds with similar motors are often used, there is a lot of smog on the streets, smoke and noise. An example is the cities of many Asian countries, where the local population's main means of transportation is a moped.

However, in recent years, the design flaws of such engines have been offset by the use of new technologies for direct or indirect fuel injection. As a result, emissions have been reduced and fuel consumption has been reduced.

O for 2-stroke engines

There are different brands that produce different quality products. The efficiency of the engine and its durability directly depend on the quality of the lubricant. When choosing an oil for 2-stroke engines, you should pay attention to the following criteria:

Lubricating properties.
The presence of antiwear characteristics.
The presence in the composition of detergents that perform the function of cleaning the engine from sediment.
Possibility to prevent deposits in exhaust system... Most often, oil has a similar opportunity in the presence of flushing additives in the composition.
Low level of smoke in exhaust gases. If using oil from exhaust system a lot of smoke comes out, this indicates that most of the grease goes to waste.
Spark plug cleanliness. Many experts recommend checking how dark the candles are after applying the oil. If they are really very blackened, then it is better not to buy such a lubricant.
Oil viscosity and high fluidity. Some oils thicken at low temperatures, and then their efficiency is greatly reduced.
Anti-corrosion properties.

Reviews

If you believe the reviews, then on Russian market grease from the manufacturer "GazpromNeft" is quite good. At a very low price, the company makes a good lubricant, which in quality is not inferior to the products of world brands. Also good reviews about the manufacturer Makita, which supplies excellent mineral oils to the market. True, they are very expensive. And if the cost of a liter of GazpromNeft grease is 120 rubles, then the price of a liter of Makita grease is on average 500 rubles.

Husqvarna, LIQUI MOLY, LUXE are expensive foreign lubricants that also collect good feedback... You can often read good expert comments on Sadko oils. The products of this company consist of 85-98% of the base - a lubricant, the rest is given to additives to give the composition required characteristics described above. Moreover, all are suitable base oils from selective neutral lubricants to synthetic polyalphaolefins.

The basics

Good, reliable products used in conjunction with two-stroke engines contain synthetic esters along with hydrocarbons. These semi-synthetic oils for 2-stroke engines are mainly developed for marine vessels. However, mineral-based oils are most often developed for two-stroke engines. They are cheap but less efficient. Considering that oil in any case goes to waste, many owners do not bother and choose cheap lubricants.

By the way, in contrast to lubricants for classic 4-stroke engines, for 2-stroke engines, little attention is paid to low-temperature performance. Brightstock, a low pour point additive, is simply added to the oil.

Classification

When it comes to choosing a lubricant for air-cooled or water-cooled outboard motors, it is appropriate to pay attention first of all to ashless oils. The best manufacturers of such products are Mobil, Esso, Shell, Sadko. They are divided into the following types according to the API classification:

TSC-1 (TA). This includes oils for small engines with a cylinder volume of up to 0.5 m3. Similar power plants are used in mopeds and mobile generators electricity.
TSC-2. This category includes oils intended for motors with a volume of 0.5-2.0 m 3. Such engines are installed both in mopeds and chainsaws, and in motorcycles. They work at high loads.
TSC-3. Oils of this category are of higher quality and are used on engines that are very demanding on the quality of lubrication. Suitable products for motors of motorcycles, snowmobiles and other equipment with a volume of 0.5-2.0 m 3.
TSC-4. These oils are designed for powerboats with water cooled engines. Considering the fact that such engines are water-cooled, quite high environmental requirements are imposed on lubricants.

There is also a marking of motorcycle lubricants:

JASO FA and JASO FB - class of oils for motorcycle engines.
JASO FC - This class includes smokeless oils for 2-stroke engines in motorcycles and cars.

Price

The average price of oil for 2-stroke engines is quite high - about 300 rubles per liter canister. At the same time, there are products worth 120 rubles and even 600 rubles per liter. large enough, but it is important to determine which oil is right for your type of motor and use it. Improper lubrication will affect performance power plant and its service life.

All Tohatsu carbureted 2-stroke outboard motors must operate with an oil-rich fuel mixture during break-in (which does not apply to Tohatsu TLDI models).

Regular outboard outboard fuel mixture contains fuel and oil in a ratio of 50: 1, that is, 100 ml of oil for each

5 liters of gasoline. During running-in the oil content in the fuel mixture should be increased to a ratio of 25: 1, i.e. 200 ml for every

5 liters of gasoline.

But if your boat motor is equipped with the option "oil injection" (automatic mixing of petrol and oil), then during the break-in you must prepare the fuel mixture in a ratio of 50: 1 in fuel tank. Additional information preparation of fuel mixtures can be found in the operating instructions for the motors.

For 2-stroke outboard motors a special TCW3 2-stroke engine oil must be used.

Do not use automotive engine oils or other types of mineral oils when preparing

fuel mixtures for 2-stroke outboard motors.

In addition, for preparation of the fuel mixture it is not recommended to mix oils from different manufacturers

or even various brands oils from the same manufacturer. Mixing different oils can lead to

their decomposition and clogging fuel filter with subsequent damage to the outboard motor in

as a result of insufficient lubrication.

The operation of an outboard engine with a rich fuel mixture will be accompanied by an increased emission

exhaust gas, which is normal. Also, during the running-in of the outboard motor, you can see

release of oil around the propeller and / and through the exhaust port at the top of the leg. This is also normal.

and oil emissions will stop when, after the break-in period of the outboard motor, it receives ordinary fuel

a mixture in the ratio of gasoline and oil 50: 1.

After completing the running-in of the outboard motor, it is necessary to change the oil in its gearbox according to the instructions,

supplied with the motor.

What is the break-in time for a two-stroke outboard motor?

New outboard motors require a break-in period, during which the contacting surfaces of the movable

parts run in to each other. The correct break-in mode for each outboard motor model is indicated

in the user manual. The break-in period for Tohatsu two-stroke outboard motors is 10 hours,

but it can be different for different models, therefore, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the section "Running in"

Your user manual.

There are two-stroke and four-stroke engines. In other words, one stroke is the movement of the piston up and down, but at the same time two strokes are performed per one revolution of the crankshaft. The working stroke of the piston is usually called the stroke at which the energy of gases and combustion of fuel is returned to the piston to perform useful work.

It is worth understanding the fact that with similar operating principles, two-stroke and four-stroke motors still differ from each other.

Features of two-stroke engines

The working cycle of any engine consists of the following stages.

Inlet. During this period, the cylinder is filled with a fuel-air mixture.
Compression. The working mixture is pre-compressed in the cylinder.
Ignition of the fuel charge, as well as the transfer of energy to the piston.
Exhaust gas outlet from the cylinder.

In a two-stroke engine, such a cycle of work is completed in one crankshaft revolution, and in a four-stroke engine, in two. The working cycle of a two-stroke engine conventionally consists of a combined intake of the mixture, compression and a working stroke, which do not occur in separate strokes (as in a four-stroke).

When compressed the piston rises from the bottom dead center to the top. In the engine, instead of the usual valves, special windows are structurally implemented. When the piston moves upward, the purge port is first blocked, through which the mixture enters the cylinder, and then the outlet port is closed, through which the exhaust gases leave the cylinder.

Compression of the working mixture occurs when both windows are closed. A vacuum is generated in the crank chamber in parallel. Due to this, the subsequent portion of the mixture is drawn in from the carburetor. After that, the piston approaches the top dead center, the compressed mixture is ignited by the spark plug, and gases are formed, which expand and push the piston down. Energy is transferred from the piston to the crankshaft and begins to rotate.

While the working stroke is performed by the piston, the pressure in the crank chamber increases. This leads to compression of the working mixture that was there during the previous cycle. After reaching the area of the outlet window with the surface of the piston, it opens, and the exhaust gases are discharged into the exhaust system.

After that, the piston opens the purge window in the same way and the mixture, which was in the crank chamber under pressure, enters the cylinder through it, displacing the remainder of the exhaust gases. After that, the space above the piston is filled with this mixture. After reaching the bottom dead center by the piston, the cycle of the two-stroke engine is repeated again.

Lubrication system

Two-stroke engines may not have a separate lubrication solution. Such motors are lubricated due to mixing oil and gasoline in the required proportion (1:25 or 1:50). Such a mixture is not only a combination of gasoline and air, but also oil particles are included.

You just need to remember how a two-stroke engine works, and it will become clear that the circulation of such a mixture in the piston and crank chambers will make it possible to lubricate the loaded parts of the engine. internal combustion(cylinder walls, bearings crankshaft, connecting rod bearings and others). During the period when the fuel mixture burns out, the lubricant burns out simultaneously with it. The cylinder is then purged.

Fuel and lubricant mix in two ways.

Lubricant and fuel are in separate tanks, and an oil-gasoline mixture is formed in the inlet pipe. This tube is located between the carburetor and the cylinder.
Engine oil is poured directly into the tank along with the fuel. This is the simplest solution.

The first scheme is more complex. It assumes not only the presence of a tank for oil and a line through which it will be supplied, but also a plunger-type pump. It is thanks to this design that the oil will be dosed and take into account the amount of the mixture of air and gasoline.

If you do not go into details, then it can be noted that the pump will deliver greater performance, depending on how far the throttle is twisted... The more the gas is twisted, the more fuel is supplied. This means that the lubricant supply will also be increased. On a two-stroke engine, a separate lubrication system allows for a more accurate balance of the gasoline to oil ratio. This leads to the fact that the engine cokes and smokes less, oil consumption is reduced.

In a four-stroke engine, oil is supplied under pressure to loaded parts, and it circulates through special channels. Practically no lubricant enters the combustion chamber. Only the fuel-air mixture burns in the cylinders.

In two-stroke internal combustion engines, not only air and fuel are burned, but also itself lubricant... From this it is clear that the requirements for oils will differ. After combustion, the oil should leave a minimum amount of carbon deposits in the cylinders, retain its properties for a long time, mix well with the fuel.

Oil types

Two-stroke oil is separate lubricating fluid for internal combustion engines. These lubricants differ from others in their properties. As already noted, special requirements are imposed on two-stroke oils.

For gasoline 2-stroke engines oils must necessarily have the following qualities.

The minimum amount of ash and coke that forms in the cylinder during combustion. The grease, ideally, should completely burn out.
It should dissolve easily and completely in the fuel.
The lubricant must have lubricating, anti-wear, protective properties at elevated temperatures. And it should also protect well against corrosion.

If the lubrication system is separate, it is necessary that the oil remains fluid and well pumped. If we take into account the scope and specificity of 2-stroke engines, which serve as motors for scooters and mopeds, engines for lawn mowers, outboard motors and others, then separate requirements are imposed on the toxicity of the material.

If the lubricant gets on the soil, then for the environment it must be as safe as possible, and when it gets into water, it must decompose very quickly.

Such oils must comply with TC-W3 and 2 T. Very often they can be distinguished from analogues by their color, as they are additionally colored. They mostly have Blue colour... Even when mixed with gasoline, it is clearly visible.

According to the 2 T standard, similar lubricants are used in air-cooled engines ranging from lawn mowers and chainsaws to motorcycles (light). But for use in outboard motors water cooled and jet skis are designed for TC-W3 oils.

There are low-viscosity oils for winter operation... Lubricants can be based on the following:

synthetic;
semi-synthetic;
mineral.

You can see that on the modern market there is a large assortment of oils for boat and other 2-stroke engines. You can also find ready-made products in which the oil is already diluted and ready for use. To do this, it is poured into a fuel canister, mixed well and poured into the equipment tank.

In terms of properties and prices, products can vary greatly. Synthetic oil more expensive than mineral. It is because of this that difficulties arise when buying. It is worth noting that, first of all, it is necessary to focus on the information that the engine manufacturer indicates when choosing.

If it is said that the oil of the TC-W3 standard should be poured into the equipment, then any one that corresponds to this standard will do. In this case, it does not matter that it is synthetic or mineral water. You need to choose reputable brands and beware of counterfeits.

If the instructions for use contain separate recommendations for oils, then it is strictly forbidden to inject other types lubricants.

The thing is that initially the engine was designed only to work with the specified material, and if you start using other lubricants, this will quickly lead to the unit leaving the operating state. Simple technique, especially made in the USSR, can successfully work on the MS-20. But an imported motor can coke up and stop working after a few hours.

It is strictly forbidden to pour two-stroke engines into engines. diesel or automobile gasoline oils , and even more so, "working off". Such lubricants contain a large amount of additives, and when burned, they form a lot of ash. It is worth considering that if you ignore all these rules, then not only imported, but also domestic equipment, which is distinguished by its endurance.

Application in practice

From the above, it is worth noting that to choose two-stroke oil necessary responsibly. The main task before pouring lubricant into the motor is to study the operating instructions. If the manufacturer allows the use of various oil, then you can fill in mineral water or more expensive synthetics.

Before infusion, make sure the lubricant meets the recommended standards... In practice, the difference between synthetics and mineral water will be negligible. But still, on synthetics, the engine can start a little better, but on high revs wear less. There can be less carbon and coke in the combustion chamber.

But if the instructions indicate that it is worth pouring in only certain synthetics, then in no case should mineral water be used, even if it is of the same standard. In such a situation, for a number of important parameters mineral oil will not work anyway. And all due to the fact that the lubrication system of the motor is not designed for the use of oils with a mineral base.

Compound

Various additives are added to oils, which is why two-stroke and four-stroke are different from each other. In addition to the main components, two-stroke oils include a solvent. It is thanks to him that the miscibility of fuel and oil increases, pumping and spraying is facilitated. But with high temperatures solvents (20%) adversely affect lubricating properties. Additives increase the viscosity, so you should choose a product with a higher viscosity index - this oil is of better quality.

In addition to the solvent, two-stroke oil contains the following substances:

Oil base - about 60%.
The remainder is vacuum (the result of the primary distillation of petroleum products) - 5−17%.
Solvent - 20%.
Additives that are used to reduce fumes and soot from the waste product are the rest.

Basic properties

The functions of lubricants are:

At the right choice and using a lubricant, the engine will last as long as possible.

Evgeny Bronov

Reading time: 3 minutes

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What should be the proportion of oil and gasoline for the outboard motor?

It is no secret that many motorboats independently make a mixture of gasoline and engine oil... For this, it is important to know some of the nuances of mixing a composition of fuel and oil. Many boat owners with outboard (PLM) are interested in how to properly dilute such a mixture, in what ratio the components should be, what gasoline to choose and even how much to dilute such a mixture in time.

Gasoline and oil for boat motors

The proportion of oil and gasoline for often becomes an individual value for certain boat units. And, nevertheless, there are some general data regarding gasoline outboard motors.

How to choose gasoline for an outboard motor?

There are some nuances in the choice of gasoline and general recommendations for diluting gasoline with oil. It is best to follow them, whatever type of outboard motor and boat you have:

remembering the obvious things that, nevertheless, they forget, most often a certain type of gasoline for a boat motor is indicated in the passport itself for your unit. You just have to carefully study the instructions for the outboard motor. There, the types of gasoline that are suitable for the boat are usually spelled out in black and white. If you purchase the right fuel, then various engine parts work very well, and the engine will not fail and will last a very long time;
but boaters often argue about which gasoline is best for which boat. This is due to the fact that Russian refineries produce only gasoline under the marker 92. The same fuel, which is considered the 95th fuel at filling stations, is in fact the same 92nd gasoline, which has an increased octave number. It should be noted that its octave number is sufficiently increased due to the fact that there is an iron-containing anti-knock additives, methyl tert bufyl alcohol and propane butane;

at the moment when gasoline burns, in which there is an addition of methyl tert-butyl alcohol, ether and benzene, carbon deposits form on the so-called pistons. This can often lead to breakage or partial seizure. Methyl alcohol is hydroscapic, so it absorbs moisture from the air. As a result, in your gas tank you find, so to speak, a replacement 95th gasoline, which will be divided into the original 92nd gasoline and water, which will settle to the bottom;
We can conclude that propane-butane will not, in principle, bring much damage to your parts, since it evaporates quickly enough. And after that, the 95th gasoline again becomes the original 92nd fuel. The overpayment for 1 liter will be about 30 percent. It can be concluded that if there is no imported fuel at the filling station, it is best to fill in Russian 92nd gasoline.

Principles of Diluting Gasoline for Outboard Motor

Today, the most common are electric motors and petrol motors for boats. From the names it is clear that the electric motor will receive its power by recharging from the network. Whereas for gasoline engine you need a special mixture of gasoline and oil, with which it will function:

it turns out that two-stroke outboard motors require careful preparation of a fuel mixture of gasoline and oil. You can fix some common figures that are often used so as not to forget anything. It turns out that to break in your boat, you will need to use 1 liter of oil per 25 liters of your gasoline. This figure is suitable for both a regular boat and a PVC boat;
when the boat travels long distances and is engaged in transporting heavy loads, we can talk about a ratio of 1 to 50. That is, you need to use 1 liter of oil for 50 liters of your fuel. If you plan to move with a short-term operation of your outboard motor at full speed, then it is worth diluting your mixture in a ratio of 1 to 75;

Mixing table for gasoline with oil for outboard motors

speaking about the operation in a light mode of the so-called trolling (these are quite calm water movements), you can even use a ratio of 1: 100. That is, using 1 liter of oil, you can use up to 100 liters of fuel. Although experienced boatmen and experts say that it is better not to save much on oil, it will be harmful to yourself. Indeed, on the water there are also all kinds of water obstacles and so on, which can damage the details of the outboard motor;
however, it is worth considering the fact that when the oil content in your mixture is over the norm, it is also not very favorable. The engine can smoke, and a lot of caustic and sticky carbon deposits can form in the combustion chamber and on the spark plugs. In addition, the so-called coking of your piston rings will occur. That is, too low oil content can lead to premature wear on your outboard or inboard outboard motor parts.

To dilute your gasoline, you should only use oil that is used only for water transport! It is usually labeled TC-W3. This oil contains so-called additives that will prevent emulsion formation as well as corrosion and deterioration of your outboard motor.

Any technique, especially engines, needs timely and quality service so if you bought an outboard motor, be sure to use the right engine oil of decent quality for it. Very often, for certain models of outboard motors, the manufacturer gives strong recommendations for a specific brand of oil, because all tests were carried out on it and the oil showed the best efficiency.

But on the other hand, one might think that it is profitable for an engine manufacturer to promote a certain oil. Therefore, there is no definite answer regarding the recommended oil, so it is better to rely on the feedback from the owners, listen to the manufacturer's recommendations and use not cheap suitable oil.

Since Soviet times, most of the engines such as "Whirlwind" or "Veterok" have been used to operate conventional oils low quality or Avrol, but this gave its own problems in the form of carbon deposits on the rings and the need to clean the muffler.

Today, the main criterion for choosing an oil is the type of engine used:

2-stroke - these motors are used long time, boats used to produce only 2-stroke engines. More efficient 4-stroke versions are in vogue today, but two-stroke motor has its advantages. A special feature is that a minimum of oil gets into the crank chamber, if there is an older carburetor engine, a mixture of gasoline and oil enters. If more modern motor- injection takes place directly through a special nozzle. For 2 T oil, more stringent quality requirements are put forward, it should burn quickly and form a minimum of smoke and carbon deposits on the rings.
4-stroke - in such engines the emphasis is more on the amount and pressure of the oil, the engine must better withstand heating and cooling. The requirements for such an oil are quite high, and only certified oils can meet them. The oil should work stably when exposed to water, it should also age slowly when working on high revs... This is very important considering that outboard motors always run at maximum speed.

What kind of oil to fill in a 2 T outboard motor?

In addition to the inscription on the 2T container, the oil must be marked TC-W3, which is officially approved by the shipbuilding association. This marking will confirm that the oil effectively lubricates and provides adequate protection to the mechanisms. High-quality oil must effectively remove heat from all operating engine mechanisms. Make sure that there are no metal anions in the oil, without them the oil will guarantee the engine no carbon deposits.

Among the best oils 2 T is worth highlighting:

Motul Outboard Synth 2T - French famous brand, produces excellent oils for outboard motors. They comply with the international TC-W3 standard, providing the cleanest "exhaust" possible. It is also interesting that you can apply this oil for a mixture in a ratio of 1: 100. One of the best oils both for carburetor engines and for models with electronic injection.
Liqui Moly Marine Fully Synthetic is a two-stroke synthetic oil with great demand in the market. Unfortunately, the oil cannot be called affordable, its cost ranges from 1,500 rubles per 1 liter. The big plus of the brand is the minimum flash point, reduced to 120 degrees.

How is boat engine oil different?

Compared with car engine, the boat has a much higher revs. When in normal operation car engine gives out two to four thousand revolutions, then the boat - five or six thousand. The thing is that boat engine you have to work in a much higher density environment. There is also an aquatic environment, which has a detrimental effect on all mechanisms.

It is worth remembering that oil for engines of different strokes is very different.

In two-stroke engines, all moving elements inside the engine are lubricated by supplying a fuel-oil mixture with air. The oil itself is poured into the fuel, with which it burns. This means that such an oil, in addition to its viscosity and lubricity characteristics, should not be smoky.

For a four-stroke engine, lubrication of moving elements occurs in the same way as in a car engine, in a closed cycle. Higher demands are placed on the oil here due to the higher rpm. Such oil is not much different from automobile oil, only additives are added to it, which protect against corrosion and perfectly remove gasoline combustion products.

The best oils for 4 T motors

Motul Outboard Tech 4T - again the leadership goes to Motul, the average oil price is 600 rubles per liter. There is an excellent combination of price and quality, on contact with water, minimal emulsion formation is created.
Quicksilver 4-Stroke Marine 10W-30 is a Belgian oil, the price is slightly more expensive than Motul - 770 rubles per liter. The quality of the oil is confirmed by the ability to fill it for Japanese motors power up to 60 hp With prolonged operation, minimal carbon deposits are created, even when operating at high speeds. Unfortunately, the oil is not so popular in stores, although it has excellent qualities and is tested by many experts.

We figured out which oil is best for a boat motor, you choose based on your budget and recommendations. In order not to miscalculate, choose branded oils Motul, they are very popular and have earned special respect among outboard motor owners.

How much oil is poured into the outboard motor?

In outboard motors, oil is not poured into a special container; it must be diluted with gasoline, creating an optimal combustible mixture. If you own a 2 T outboard motor, an increased amount of oil should be used during break-in - a ratio of 1:25.

If you use the outboard motor in standard mode, and sometimes extend long distances, the recommended ratio is 1 to 50. When operating the outboard motor for short distances at high rpm, choose an oil to gasoline ratio of 1:75. In the case of operating the motor in the usual measured mode, dilution in a ratio of 1: 100 is allowed.

It is important to understand that you cannot save on oil, otherwise all components and mechanisms wear out quickly and fail.

If the amount of oil is exceeded, the engine smokes more, carbon deposits appear on the candle and in the combustion chamber.

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