Presentation to the lesson why do cars need cars. Why do you need a car: everything is for and against

Instruction

Under the words "car", "car" most often imply a vehicle belonging to the face. Does him have - the personal matter of everyone, since the ownership of them implies quite significant waste: fuel, service, storage, fines, taxes, etc. But the main thing is that the internal energy of the fuel is so extremely intrationally consumed. According to one person, moving "from point A to point b" Even in a small-caltry, more fuel will be required than in case it overcomes the same distance, for example, by bus or subway.

If there are several passengers, the total consumption increases insignificantly, so there are somewhat rational groups. It clearly shows this calculation. The engine power of small trays is about 70 kW, with four passengers per each account for 17.5 kW, with one - all 70. In the bus with a power engine with a power of 200 kW and 50 passengers, each of them has only 4 kW. But this does not mean that if you have a car, you need to immediately get rid of it. You can ride not every day, but only if there are no plugs, and the distance needs to be overcome significant. Or when it is necessary to deliver a heavy load, for example, a refrigerator. You can simply not, again, in the days of strong traffic jams, use intercepting parking.

The bus is also a very common type of vehicles, and the most common type of public transport. A somewhat inferior on the environmental friendliness of trolleybus and tram, it has such an advantage as autonomy: it does not require equipment of roads either with wires nor rails. Bus engines in most cases work on low-cost types of fuel: diesel and methane (exception is only minibuses, and not everything). Together with a more rational consumption of this fuel, this factor makes the bus very economical. In the cost of the bus ticket, the cost of fuel consists only a few percent, the rest is the salary of drivers and service personnel, spare parts, depreciation. But even at the same time, the passenger ride on it is much more profitable than or own car, Especially when using a travel ticket.

The service vehicle is only a small percentage of urban transport, so it affects little both on ecological background and on traffic jams. But the role he plays a huge, because without it, many processes in the city, seemingly imperceptible until they flow without failures. For example, moving goods, patrols of streets. Also, this kind of transport is most often getting to the place of destination doctors, utility specialists, etc. Special types of vehicles are used to maintain roads, mining, agriculture, airports, military business. We can safely say that thanks to the service vehicle, we are fed, healthy, are safe, and in the courtyards of our houses in the evenings there are lanterns.

It is difficult to imagine sports without motor transport. Drivers of sports transport, called pilots, are involved in interesting competitions that collect many viewers. And in other sports, in addition to such an obvious role as the delivery of athletes, the vehicle plays and auxiliary roles, for example, during the repair and preparation for the competitions of stadiums, rinks, etc.

For many years, the car is considered the most popular transport on our planet: it is convenient, compact, you can quickly get to the right place. Modern life is already difficult to imagine without vehicles. But let's figure it out, why do you need a car?

First cars

Since humanity has invented the wheel, new vehicles have begun to appear: various carts, carts, carriages, chariots. But they could not move independently, they were always pulled by strong and hardy animals: horses, oxes, donkeys.

The most distant ancestor of modern cars has become steam engine. She was created in France in 1769, and she was called "Cuno Trolley".

She looked very clumsy and cumbersome. In addition, the first steam car could not boast a high-speed ride, and no more than 8 km moved. at one o'clock.

Fig. 1. Cunning trolley.

Only a hundred years later was invented new enginewhich could work on gasoline. The car on such an engine was without a roof, and its wheels were more reminded cycling. However, he could develop an impressive speed and easily overtook the riders and carriages.

This invention began the era of automotive, which continues to actively develop to this day.

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At first, the car was the subject of luxury, because only very rich people could afford it. Only after large automobile plants, and settled the production of the production of a new type of transport, the car began to conquer the whole world.

Variety of cars

For many years, the car does not lose its popularity as a vehicle. Even at the beginning of the twentieth century, several main types were identified:

• Cars - Very comfortable and comfortable view personal transportwhich is in many families. With it, it is possible not only to move quickly from one destination to another, but also independently transport heavy or volumetric items.
• Buses or city transport - We are necessary for the transport of passengers in the conditions of the city. The bus is the passenger car, which has 9 or more seating, 2-3 wide doors. In major cities, buses consisting of great popularity are main car and trailer connected by flexible transition.

Fig. 2. Buses.

• Trucks - Large cars that most often have a special body in which heavy loads are transported.
• - a special form of a machine with a very powerful engine that can develop absolutely incredible speed - more than 400 km. at one o'clock. They can only ride on special tracks - you will not meet such cars in the city.

Fig. 3. Racing cars.

Most cars ride on gasoline whose exhausts are very much polluted. In major cities, where there are a lot of cars, gaspace reaches a critical level. It is very poorly reflected in the nature and health of people. Therefore, recently began to produce cars that use non-fuel fuel, but the energy of the Sun or electricity.

What did we know?

When studying the topic on the program of the surrounding world for grade 1, we found out how the first cars looked, what they differed from modern machines. We also learned what these vehicles man.

Test on the topic

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Most of us since childhood dreams of a car. But how - in the culture of the CIS countries, the car is associated with success, consultation, freedom and prosperity. We buy a desired facility, but after a few years your hands begin to hide again - you want a car more powerful, more, prestigious. And if you think truly: why do you need a car? How much money are you ready to spend moving on "freedom"?

What time can car owners cost

Buying a car, you need to take into account not only its cost and prices for gasoline. Let's consider all the costs of expenses that are waiting for the new owner of the car. We will take the machine of medium characteristics like Ford Focus. and Volkswagen Golf., We take on driving experience from 4 to 7 years old and the annual mileage of no more than 20,000 kilometers. What happens:

Total total costs are about 280,000 per year, or 23,500 per month. But it should be borne in mind that "CASCO" is far from all, and not everyone needs paid parking. We take these expenses and we get: about 90,000 rubles, or 7,500 per month. These figures sound more realistic for the average resident of the CIS countries, although they are still quite high. After all, for example, the average salary in Russia, according to Rosstat, 36,200 rubles. And we have not yet taken into account possible fines, repair and cost of annual maintenance.

Pluses of possession of their car

• You do not depend on the schedule of public transport.
• If you want to suddenly go somewhere in aptive time (for example, at night), you do not need to order a taxi.
• You feel freedom of movements.
• In some cases (for example, in certain professional spheres) good car Really considered an important status thing.
• By your car, you can solve the problem of moving in small provincial cities or outside the city (in view of the underdeveloped public transport or its absence).
• If you urgently needed money, the car can always be sold.
• In the rain, blizzard, cold and severe heat is much more pleasant to go on your car than to expect transport at the bus stop.
• Detox organism: When you are always driving, you stop drinking alcohol. This, of course, joke 🙂 But items are more than serious.

Cons possession of their car:

• High cost of a good car.
• Financial costs for the monthly content of the car. What we wrote about above.
• The problem of traffic jams in large cities. Sometimes the path of the car exceeds five times (!) The time you would spend in public transportTo get to the same destination.
• Problem storage machine. Leave the car outside under the snow and rain is not the best idea. And buy or rent a garage is quite expensive.

As you can see, the issue of ownership by the car rests on financial spending on its service. What are the alternatives to ownership by their car, we will tell you in the next article. For now - you can appreciate how much your personal budget eats your car. To do this, use

Lesson on the world around the world: "Why do you need cars?"

The purpose of the lesson: Creating conditions for the formation of the initial ideas of children About the appointment, device, variety of cars;

Tasks lesson:

1) educational: give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe appointment, device and variety of cars;

2) developing: develop cognitive interest in the subject studied, ability to analyze, compare and draw conclusions on the basis of reasoning; enrich the vocabulary of students to formthe ability to draw up proposals based on supporting words;

3) Educational: to educate love and careful attitude towards around the world; increase cognitive activity, educational motivation, promote development of a harmonious personality; Learning to work in a group, respect the opinion of comrades.

Equipment:

presentation to the lesson;

distribution Material: Murachy's drawings Questionally and wise turtle;

distribution material: cards with words;

distribution material: machine pictures;

distribution material: test;

During the classes:

I. Stage: self-determination to activities.

- Hello guys. . Today in the lesson you are waiting for big and small discoveries, you will learn a lot of new and interesting, you will work together in groups and respect each other's opinion.Successes to you and good luck! In our lesson, as usual, there is an ant question and wise turtle. They will ask you questions and help draw conclusions.

II. stage. Actualization of knowledge.

Once, returning home,The ant heard an argument:

Near the garden two chaffers

Fascinated by a serious dispute:

Whose car all newer

Whose stronger and faster

Whose Sun, glitters,

And, like, Pyryshko flies ...

And cars like cars

There are headlights; Stew is

AND rubber tires,

Even the number is he, here!

I listened, I listened to the ant, this dispute and thought: "Why do you need cars?"

And you guys, what do you think?

Today at the lesson we will find the answer to this question.

III stage. Staging a learning task.

Guys, what cars do you know?

How to call in one word means for transporting people and cargo? (Transport)

Tell me why transport is different?

Right: Depending on the destination

The wise turtle is very pleased with your answers.

IV. stage. Studying a new topic (decision of the educational problem)

Guys, look at the screen. let'srecall the topic of our lesson.

- Name what other cars are?

- Guys! The first steam car created in 1769 the French engineer Kyuno.And not always cars were such as we used to see them today.

- Previously, cars looked differently. Look, here were the vintage cars. They are not at all like modern.

What cars do you like more vintage or modern? Why?

- How do we call transport, for the transport of passengers? (Passenger)

What cars can be called passenger transport? (bus, trolleybus, taxi, tram)

And who of you know the rules of behavior in passenger transport?

How do we call transport, for the transport of goods? (cargo:lifting crane, kamaz, excavator, bulldozer)

What cars can be called passenger transport?

There is also a type of transport that is called special. What do you think guys why is it so called special?

Which cars can be attributed to special transport?

- The word "special" in translation denotes "special". These machines are needed for very responsible work, they are called by telephone if urgent help is required. Look at these cars and remember the phones to call these machines. There are still special machines: sports, mail, products.

- But there is another special car that can replace all previous ones. This is the machine of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

What do these letters mean? (on the board written the letters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations)

Which of you knows, what number should you call for calling the machine of the Ministry of Emergency Situations?

Fizminutka

In this class - all friends

Look at yourself, on the neighbor on the right,

On the neighbor on the left. In this class, all friends,

I, you, he, she is together a friendly family!

Smile your neighbor on the right, smile to a neighbor on the left,

In this room, all friends,

I, you, he, she is together a friendly family!

You will pop up the neighbor on the right,

You will pop up a neighbor on the left,

In this class, all friends,

I, you, he, she is together a friendly family!

Look at yourself - together we

One hundred thousand "I"!

V. stage. Primary consolidation (creating an educational situation)

(Group work)

Now you will work in groups. Before starting to work further, let's remember the rules of behavior in the group.

Murane brought the same set of cards for each group

Try to distribute cars by their destination. 1 group must choose passenger transport, 2 group- freight, and 3 group special. This task is given for you 2 minutes. If the group is ready - take all your hands and lift them up.

To check, let's look at the slide correctly did you fulfill the task?

If an error is allowed in your group - raise your hand. Have you corrected your mistake?

Despite the fact that all cars are different, they all have the same parts. About how the car is arranged, we will look at the textbook on page 60 and read what the main parts of the car are called. (Work on the textbook)

What fill in the car, in order for it to go? (fuel)

Read in the textbook on page 61 that the wise turtle tells us. (Car S. gasoline engine Polls air.)

What do you think a car with what engine loves a mud and mud, and what car doesn't she like? (work on the textbook p.61)

Guys, now a lot different cars. So that there are no accidents need to comply with simple rules.

What do you think, what?

VI stage. Generalization and consolidation. (Control).

(Game Situation)

And now the game "Coloring an excess car"

Each group takes pictures. Carefully consider them if you find it too much, put it out.

Well done! You learned the material of today's lesson. The wise turtle is very pleased with you, and she wants you to give you the last task.

Now every group will receive a test and execute it. Remember the rules of work in the group. If you do a test - take your hands and raise them.

VII stage. Reflection.

Guys, so what do you need cars? What groups of cars did you remember?

Watman is attached on the board with the image of the machine.

Evaluate the work in the lesson will help emoticons.

You are lying in front of you: smile with a smile, smiley with a sad face, smiley with a surprised face. Rate your knowledge.

If your answers were full, you were active in the lesson, then raise the smile with a smile.

If you tried, but not everything happened, you raise emoticons with a sad face.

If you listened more than they answered, then lift the smiley with a surprised face. Thank you.

Guys, you perfectly worked at the lesson, learned a lot of new and interesting, worked together in groups. Thank you for the lesson! And the question and wise turtle say goodbye to you until the next lesson.

Ready? Continue lines.

So I was lucky

I do not need to eat oats.

Feed me with gasoline,

On the hooves give me tires,

And, raising the swirl dust,

Ries ... (car).

What is the source of energy for the car? (Petrol.)

The first cars working on gasoline, people invented more than a hundred years ago.

Open the textbook on C.112 (bottom drawing). See how vintage cars looked like.

Is it possible to meet such cars on the roads now. (No, only in museums and private collections)

Yes modern cars They look different. But no matter how many cars looked, they were always helped with a person.

Look at the top Figure p.112. Tell me why these cars are created?

So all cars can be divided into the following groups:

(The teacher hangs on the card board)

freight passenger sports

(5 presentation slide.)

Look at the screen. Name cars. ( Ambulance, Police, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Fire

These cars belong to the special group.

(The teacher hangs on the board "Special" card)

freight passenger sports special

Find special cars among models at the exhibition.

(Children fit the table and choose the necessary models of cars)

Open the notebook, from 46 №1. Where are these cars rushing? Take a pencil and connect the car lines and its destination.

(Children perform the task on their own.)

(6 presentation slide.)

Check. Look at the screen.

Close the notebook.

Let's rest a little. Repeat after me.

(Song on the words S.Mikhalkov "Song of Friends" (7 Slide presentation.). Children repeat the movements for the teacher)

On your tables are envelopes with mosaic. Collect a car out of pieces. Work in a pair.

(Teacher shows pictures with the image of cars)

Raise the hands of those guys who have turned out freight car, bus, passenger car.

Any car consists of parts. Consider the device of the car. Look at p. 113 tutorial (top drawing) and guess the parts of the car.

1. Tell me what is called the car's heart? (Engine)
   

1. What is the name of the car body? (Body)
   

1. Guess the riddle
   

Brother Brother is chasing, will not catch up. (Wheels)

1. Rebus (headlight) (8 Slide presentation.)
   

1. Rebus (Branca) (9 Slide Presentation.)
   

What part of the car drivers are often called a beam? Why? Why do you need a steering wheel?

1. Another very important piece of car.
   

(10 presentation slide.)

They serve in order to protect the driver and passengers in the way and keep their lives in cases of accident. (Seat belts)

On the safety of pedestrians on the roads, we talked many times with you. Today in the lesson we imagine yourself by drivers and passengers.

Drivers, like pedestrians, must comply with the rules road. Help them in this road signs. Name them.

(The teacher shows the cards with the image of road signs, children call them)

Well done.

(11 Slide Presentation.)

Look at the screen. What do you see (bus stop)

Do all children behave correctly?

(Transport needs to be waiting at the bus stop. At the same time, in no case can not go out on the roadway! The girl is incorrect!)

(12 Slide Presentation.)

So, bus drove up, you took our places.

(13 presentation slide.)

Do children behave correctly in the cabin?

(Prohibited:
- sticking hands, legs and head into the window;
- pushed and run;
- talk loudly, to behave noisy;
- stand on the steps at the entrance;
- clamping on the door, because the bus may unexpectedly stop and open them;
- litter.)

(14 Slide Presentation.)

What does the next slide remind you of? (It is necessary to give way to elderly people, disabled, passengers with children.)

(15 Presentation Slide.)

Guys tell me which rules must be observed if you are going to light car with Dad?

(Necessary:

1. use seat belts.
   

Do not:

1. be on front seat Children under 12 years;
   
2. distract the driver;
   
3. open the doors of the machine when it goes or is waiting for a green traffic light signal.)
   

Well done. Let's play in the "traffic light". I ask everyone to stand.

Three colors have a traffic light.

They are understandable for the chauffeur:

Red Light - No Drings!

Yellow - Be ready for the way

And the green light is Kati!

(A teacher shows cards denoting traffic lights. On a red signal Children stand, on yellow - raise hands up, on green - stepping on the spot.)

Gymnastics for eyes

Our eyes rested, continue to work. Look at with. 113 textbooks. Do you think why the wise turtle put on a gas mask? Read.

What new did you recognize from the wise turtle?

(16 Slide Presentation.)

Currently, the development of models of electric vehicles are underway. The first experimental models are already struggling on the roads of the world. But there are still few of them. Maybe there are future inventors among you, and it is you will make an electric vehicle by the usual type of transport on our roads. Then the air in the cities will be clean and fresh.