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SN CF decryption. API engine oil SN SL SL SJ
15.11.2019

Acquiring lubricants,

pay attention to the stated specifications and

tara tolerances.

Example

SAE 5W-20

ACEA A5 / B5

API SN / SM, SL / CF, CF-2

ILSAC GF-5 / C-3

GM-LL-A-025 / GM-LL-B-025

VW 502.00 / 505.00, MB 229.31

BMW Longlife-04

Classification of viscosity inSAE

SAE- The American Society of Automotive Engineers, assigning oils by the class of viscosity on the scale developed by them. The most common all-season oils with a double index, for example SAE0 W.-30, 0 W.-40, 5 W.-30, 5 W.-40 other. The smaller the value to the left with the abbreviation W. , the higher the oil flow property with low temperatures. The greater the value to the right without an abbreviation W.The higher the viscosity of the oil at high temperatures. The oil change is made, taking into account not only its type specified by the vehicle manufacturer, but also the temperature of the external environment, the conditions for its use and other factors. For example: 5 W.-30 (Motor oil), 85W.-90 (transmission oil).

ViscositySAE and ambient temperature required at the engine start

Motor oil Transmission oil

When choosing the degree of viscosity of motor oil, you should be guided by the manufacturer's recommendations concrete Engine. These recommendations are based on the design features of the engine - the degree of oil loads, the hydrodynamic resistance of the oil system, the capacity of the oil pump, the maximum oil temperature in various zones of the engine depending on the ambient temperature, the engine equipment with a catalytic filter of solid diesel engine exhaust (CDPF)

Purpose and quality

Oil quality is a range of properties that is necessary to perform oil to be used for its intended purpose. Some properties, such as viscosity, are essential for all oils, regardless of their purpose, while others are necessary only under certain use conditions and in each case are characterized by separate quality indicators.

To facilitate the choice of the oil of the desired quality for a particular type of engine and operating conditions, classification systems were created. In each system, motor oils are divided into rows and categories based on quality level and appointment. These ranks and categories are created on the initiative of international organizations of refinery and automakers with regard to constructive features Different types of engines and conditions for their operation. Appointment and levels of quality are the basis of an oil range. In view of the differences in designs and operating conditions, there are currently several classification systems at the same time. motor oils - API./ Ilsac , Jaso., Acea.and GOST (for CIS countries).

United States Military Office and the largest car manufacturers put forward additional requirements for engine oil quality. Thus, along with generally accepted classifications systems, there are also requirements (specifications) of car manufacturers.

Classification systemAPI.

API. - American Oil Institute, assigning quality classes according to their tests. The quality class is indicated on the label with two letters for gasoline engines ( SM., SN. ), letters and numbers for diesel engines ( CI-4 Plus., CJ.-4 ). The higher the alphabetic order of the second letter in the designation, the higher the class of oil. Moreover, API. assigns oils with viscosity 0 W.-30, 5 W.-30, 5 W.-20 Energy saving index, for example IlsacCF.-5.

● API.S. it consists of categories of the quality of motor oils for gasoline engines going in chronological order. Each new generation is assigned an additional letter according to the alphabet : API.SA, API.SB., API.SC, API.SD., API.SE, API.Sf., API.SG., API.Sh, API.SJ., API.SM. and API.SN.. Categories API. SA , API. SB., API.SC, API.SD., API.SE, API.Sf., API.SG, API.SJ. to date, they are invalid, as obsolete, but in some countries oils of these categories still produced, category API.Sh is "conditionally acting" and can only be used as an additional, for example API.CG.-4/ Sh;

Standard API on motor oil for gasoline engines
CATEGORY STATUS DESCRIPTION
SN. Acting Presented in October 2010 for the 2011 production cars and older. The engine oil of this category provides better protection against high-temperature deposits on pistons, a decrease in low-temperature deposits (resins) and advanced compatibility with sealing parts. The SN Resource Conserving category with resource-saving properties combines the characteristics of the API SN with an improved fuel efficiency, the protection of the turbocharger parts, compatibility with the system for reducing exhaust gas toxicity, as well as additional protection of the engine when using fuel containing ethanol, up to the E85 brand. Thus, this category can be equated to ILSAC GF-5.
SM. Acting For cars 2010 release and older.
SL. Acting For cars 2004 release and older.
SJ. Acting For cars 2001 release and older.
Sh Outdated
SG. Outdated
Sf. Outdated
SE Outdated ATTENTION! Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1979.
SD. Outdated ATTENTION! Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1971. Use more modern engines It may lead to deterioration of operational characteristics or breakdowns.
SC Outdated ATTENTION! Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1967. Use in more modern engines can lead to a deterioration in operational characteristics or breakdowns.
SB. Outdated ATTENTION! Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1951. Use in more modern engines can lead to a deterioration in operational characteristics or breakdowns.
SA Outdated ATTENTION! Does not add additives. Do not use in gasoline engines of cars issued after 1930. Use in more modern engines can lead to a deterioration in operational characteristics or breakdowns.

● API.FROM it consists of categories of quality and destination of oils for diesel engines going in chronological order. Each new generation is assigned an additional letter according to the alphabet : API.CA., API.CB., API.CC., API.CD, API.CE, API.Sf., API.CF.-2, API.CF.-4, API.CG.-4, API.CI-4 and API.CJ.-4. Categories API.CA., API.CB., API.CC., API.CD to date, they are invalid, as obsolete, but in some countries oils of these categories are still produced;

Standard API on motor oil for diesel engines
CATEGORY STATUS DESCRIPTION
CJ-4. Acting For high-speed four-stroke diesel engines from 2010 model yearsatisfying the requirements of toxicity standards exhaust gases For road machinery and Tier 4 for off-road technique, as well as for previously produced diesel engines. Oils of this category are designed for use in engines designed to use diesel fuel with a sulfur content of up to 500 ppm (0.05% by weight). However, when using fuel, in which the sulfur content exceeds 15 ppm (0.0015% by weight), it is possible to reduce the service life of the exhaust gases, and reduce the oil change interval. CJ-4 Catellite Oils are particularly effective in maintaining the durability of a system for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines, which use plant filters and other advanced cooking systems. Optimal protection against contamination of the catalytic neutralizer, clogging of the particulate filter, engine wear, deposits on pistons, particulate and oxidative thickening, loss of viscosity under the influence of shift and foaming, as well as low- and high-temperature stability is provided. The CJ-4 API category oil exceeds the operating properties of the CI-4 API categories (including CI-4 PLUS), CI-4, CH-4, CG-4 and CF-4, and can serve as a complete replacement. When using CJ-4 oil in combination with fuel, the sulfur content in which exceeds 15 ppm, it is necessary to clarify the periodicity of oil replacement from the engine manufacturer.
CI-4. Acting Presented in 2002. For high-speed four-stroke engines that meet the requirements of exhaust gas toxicity standards introduced in 2002. The CI-4 oil is aimed at maintaining the durability of engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) and is intended for use with diesel fuel, in which the sulfur content does not exceed 0.5% by weight. Can be used instead of CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4 oils. Due to its operational properties, some CI-4 oils can claim CI-4 PLUS category.
CH-4. Acting Presented in 1998. For high-speed four-stroke engines that meet the requirements of the 1998 exhaust gases toxicity. CH-4 category oil is designed for use with diesel fuel, in which the sulfur content does not exceed 0.5% by weight. Can be used instead of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils.
CG-4. Outdated Presented in 1995. For high-load, high-speed four-stroke engines running on fuel with a sulfur content of not more than 0.5% by weight. CG-4 oil is required for engines that meet the requirements of 1994 exhaust gas toxicity requirements. Can be used instead of CD, CE and CF-4 oils.
CF-4. Outdated Presented in 1990. For high-speed four-stroke engines without boosting and supervised. Can be used instead of CD and CE oils.
CF-2. Outdated Presented in 1994. For highly loaded two-stroke engines. Can be used instead of CD-II oils.
CF. Outdated Presented in 1994. For diesel engines with double combustion chambers (indirect injection) and other, installed on off-road techniques, including engines that operate on sulfur content more than 0.5% by weight. Can be used instead of CD oils.
CE Outdated Presented in 1985. For high-speed four-stroke engines without boosting and supervised. Can be used instead of CC and CD.
CD-II. Outdated Presented in 1985. For two-stroke engines.
CD Outdated Presented in 1955. For some engines without chance and with a superposition.
CC. Outdated ATTENTION! Do not use in diesel engines released after 1990.
CB. Outdated ATTENTION! Do not use in diesel engines released after 1961.
CA. Outdated ATTENTION! Do not use in diesel engines released after 1959.


● API.E.FROM (Ilsac) - energy Saving Oils (Resource Conserving). A new series of high-quality oils consisting of low-grade, light-flowed oils that reduce fuel consumption according to the results of tests on gasoline engines.

Reducing the viscosity of the oil can ensure fuel economy in the heated engine of 0.6-5.5% (with a decrease in high-temperature viscosity), and in cold - 1.0-6.5% (with a decrease in low-temperature viscosity). With the optimal combination of motor and transmission Oil You can achieve fuel economy in the amount of 2.7-10.9%. The latest categories of oils Certified APIs, in case of compliance with the requirements of ILSAC, are denoted by the "API Certification Mark" certificate symbol, the so-called "Star Burst" sign (Starburst). This sign can be assigned only to energy-saving, volatile oils of the highest quality level, with a viscosity of SAE 0W - .., 5w- .. and 10w -...

The ILSAC GF Series Oil Requirements System is an integral part of the American oil quality assurance API system (ELCS). The ILSAC of the GF-3 class, which has been checking in terms of fuel economy meets the requirements of the classification of the class SM API; The ILSAC of the GF-4 class corresponds to the classification of the SM API. For example: API SN Successful passage of fuel savings test \u003d ILSAC GF-5.

Standard ILSAC on motor oil for passenger cars
EDITION STATUS DESCRIPTION
GF-5. Active Presented in October 2010 for the 2011 production cars and older. The GF-5 engine oil provides better protection against high-temperature deposits on the pistons of the engine and parts of the turbocharger, a decrease in low-temperature deposits (resins), reduced fuel consumption, improved compatibility with a system for reducing exhaust gas toxicity, expanded compatibility with sealing parts, as well as additional engine protection at Use of fuel containing ethanol, up to the E85 brand.
GF-4. Outdated Indeed until September 30, 2011. Use the GF-5 oil instead of GF-4.
GF-3. Outdated Use the GF-5 oil instead of GF-3.
GF-2 Outdated Use the GF-5 oil instead of GF-2.
GF-1 Outdated Use GF-5 oil instead of GF-1.

Universal oils for gasoline and diesel engines are denoted by two symbols of the respective categories: the first is the main one, and the second indicates the possibility of using this oil for other types of engines. For example: API CG-4 / SH-oil, optimized for use in diesel engines, but it can also be used in gasoline engines for which the Oil category API SH and below (SG, SF, SE, etc.) are prescribed.

Attention: Each of the following standards for qualities exceeds the previous one, therefore the latest quality standards are superior to all previous ones. For example, class SN oils can be used instead of all classes for gasoline engines.

SignsAPI.

Oils that meet the requirements that current quality categories and Official API-SAE tests have a graphic round mark on their labels - "API Service Symbol" (API Service SYMBOL), which indicates the degree of viscosity on SAE, quality category and API appointments and a possible degree of energy saving.

Acea. - European Association of Car Manufacturers. If these letters are present on the label, then the oil is suitable for operation in the engines of European cars. Classes Acea. Also divided into diesel and gasoline.

Tolerances of automakers - some automotive companies such as Porshe., Mercedes.- Benz., BMW., VW., Ford, Prepared for oils additional requirements for the protection of the engine, fuel saving, increased service life, etc. Information on the required tolerance and the necessary intervals between oil changes you can find in the service book of your car.

Classification of motor oils API.(The American Oil Institute) is widely recognized as establishing minimum working standards and levels of oil quality for gasoline and diesel engines. This classification has been significantly improved as the requirements for the quality of lubricants increase, which, in turn, was caused by a significant improvement in engine technologies, which have also caused an increase in the power of these size engines, improving the quality of the metal from which engine parts and an increase in mechanical Strength, and, of course, an increase in operational loads.

Motor oils for gasoline engines are designated in this classification of the letter S (Service Station), and categories are in the range of (oil for working in the easiest modes containing a small amount or not containing additives) to the newest category (oils for modern powerful, multi-chamber engines, often with turbo and super-chandom). A similar range of categories is different oils for diesel engines, where the name of the category begins with the letter C (commercial). This includes categories from before. These are oils designed to work in the newest diesels and under modern operating conditions.

Below is given short description All categories in their evolutionary development in terms of service classifications of motor oils of the American Institute of Oil. In cases where the "Outdated Category" mark is present, this means that this category has been replaced by a new category.

Performance standards API.specified using API contractions SJ and API CE:
. The first letter means the type of engine (S \u003d gasoline, and C \u003d diesel)
. The second letter means the level of performance, and the lower the level of characteristics, the higher the letter in the alphabet.

Gasoline engines


API. SG.
Oils for use in the 1989 gasoline engines. For use in gasoline engines of modern passenger cars, vans and light trucks serviced in accordance with the recommended manufacturer procedures. Oils designed for this application provide improved net protection in engines, oil oxidation and engine wear, compared with previous categories, and also provide protection against rusting and corrosion. SG Catellite Oils meet the requirements for operation in diesel engines and can be used where categories, SF / CC or SE / CC are recommended.


API. Sh
Oils for use in 1994 gasoline engines. The category was adopted in 1992 to determine the characteristics of motor oils recommended since 1993 for the usual use in gasoline engines of the modern park of passenger cars, vans and light trucks served on the recommendations and instructions of manufacturers. This category exceeds the requirements of the category and was designed to replace it for improving the anti-aircraft, antioxidal, anti-wear quality oils and protection against rusting and corrosion. The oils of this category that satisfy the requirements of the API SH were tested according to the requirements of the Chemical Products Association (SMA). The product is approved by the Code of Practice and can be applied according to the API recommendations regarding the interchangeability of the oil bases and working tests of viscosity gradation. Oils of this category can be used in cases where a category and earlier categories are recommended.


API. SJ.
Oils for use in the 1996 gasoline engines. The expatient category API SJ characterizes the engine oils sold on the market since 1996 SJ includes the same minimum indicators as sh, which it should replace, as well as additional requirements for carography control and work at low temperatures with bench tests. Oils of this category are intended for normal use in gasoline engines of modern and earlier passenger cars and sports cars, vehicles, vans and light trucks served on the recommendations and instructions of manufacturers. Oils that meet the requirements of the API SJ can be used in cases where the category and earlier categories are recommended.


API. SL.
Oils for engines for cars released after 2000 for multiclapped, turbocharged, with work on depleted mixtures, with increased energy saving and environmental requirements. Oils that meet the requirements of the API SL, SM can be used in cases where category and earlier categories are recommended.

API. SM.
The category approved November 30, 2004. In addition to the SL category, antioxidant and anti-wear properties are improved. Improved low-temperature properties. The possibility of certification by ILSAC Energy Saving category.

API. SN.
The category approved October 1, 2010 is designed for oils operated in the most modern gasoline engines of passenger and sports cars and small vans. Oils of this category have improved antioxidant and detergent properties, provides high protection against wear and corrosion. Strengthened high temperature properties for operation in turbocharging engines. Can be used where it is recommended to use the SM and SL oils. Some oils from this category may correspond to the ILSAC GF-5 specification and qualify as energy-saving.

EU API
Classifications on the basis of the Sangered ™ Energy Energy Energy - EU 1995. There are two gradations that determine the category of oils for gasoline engines created in order to increase the economy of fuel. Tseo denotes oils that increase the economy of fuel in the course of standard tests of at least 1.5% compared with conventional oils, and Tweed-IIU - at least 2.5%


Diesel engines


 API CE
 Oils for use in diesel engines 1983 (outdated category). For use in certain powerful engines with turbocharged and additional compression manufactured since 1983, and working at high loads both with low and high rates of the shaft. Can also be used in conditions for which category oils are recommended.


 API.CF.
Used in diesel engines with indirect injection - CF 1994. Typical use for diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as other types of diesel engines using various types of fuel, including with an increased sulfur content (for example, more than 0.5% by weight. ). CF oils contribute to the effective prevention of deposits in piston, wear and corrosion of bearings with copper content, which is of great importance for these types of engines, and can be absorbed in the usual way, to be supplied using a turbocharger or supercharger. Oils of this technical category can be used instead of oils.


 CF-4 API
Oils for use in the 1990 diesel engines for typical use in four-stroke diesel engines operating at high speeds, where requirements exceed the capabilities of the category and use instead of CE category oils. Provide improved oil consumption and nagar protection on pistons. In particular, effective in diesel powerful tractacles and vehicles on highways. Combined with the corresponding category can be used in gasoline engines, if recommended by the manufacturer.


 API CF-2
It is used in two-stroke diesel engines of heavy regime - CF-2 1994. Typical use for two-stroke engines, which need to highly efficient preventing the erase of the cylinder and rings, as well as deposits. It has an improved effect and can be used instead of other materials if necessary.


 API.CG-4.
The category is presented in 1995. Oils are designed for high-loaded, high-speed, four-stroke diesel engines of cargo vehicles of the main type using a fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.05% of the mass and non-male type (the sulfur content can reach 0.5% of the mass). Effectively suppress the formation of high-temperature nagar on pistons, wear, foaming, oxidation, soot formation (these properties are necessary for engines of new trunk tractors and buses). The category is created to meet the requirements of the US toxicity of exhaust gases (edition of 1994). Replaces category oils, and. The main disadvantage limiting the use of oils of this category in the world is a relatively large dependence of the oil resource on the quality of the fuel used.


API.CH-4.
The category was presented on December 1, 1998. Oils of this category are intended for high-speed, four-stroke engines that perform the requirements of the strict standards of 1998 to the toxicity of exhaust gases. They meet the highest requirements not only American, but also European manufacturers of diesel engines. Specially formulated for use in engines using fuel with sulfur content up to 0.5% by weight. In contrast, the use of diesel fuel is allowed with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%, which is an important advantage in countries in which high-forth fuels are common (South America, Asia, Africa). Oils satisfy increased requirements for decreasing valve wear and reduction of Nagar's formation. Replace oil categories, and.


API.CI-4.
Category introduced since 2002 . The oil corresponding to this level has higher dispersing properties (the amount of clean-dispersing additives), has an increased resistance to thermal oxidation compared to the class, it provides a decrease in oil consumption on the waste due to a decrease in volatility and reduce evaporation losses under the influence of gases at operating temperature 370 ° C. Improved cold pumping, increased engine seals resource due to improving compatibility with oils. The class is introduced taking into account the tightening of the requirements for the environmental characteristics of motors manufactured from October 1, 2002.


API CI-4 Plus.
Operational category for diesel engines with more stringent requirements for soot. Upon receipt of this classification, the engine oil is tested in 17 motor tests.

API GL-3
Oils for gears operating in medium severity. Contain up to 2.7% of anti-wear additives. Designed to lubricate the conical and other transfers of trucks. Not intended for hypoid gears.

API GL-4
Oils for gears operating in different gravity - from the lungs to heavy. Contain 4.0% of effective anti-promotional additives. Designed for cones and hypoid gears that have a small axis offset, for cargo transmission boxes, for the mains of the leading bridge. The oils of the GL-4 API are designed for non-synchronized gearboxes of North American trucks, tractors and buses (commercial vehicles), for the main and other gears of all motor vehicles. Currently, these oils are basic and for synchronized gears, especially in Europe. In this case, on the label or on a sheet of data, there should be an inscription about such a purpose and confirmation of compliance with the requirements of machine manufacturers.

API GL-5
Oils for the most loaded gears operating in harsh conditions. Contain up to 6.5% of effective anti-promotional and other multifunctional additives. The main purpose is for hypoid gears having a significant displacement of the axes. Used as universal oils for all other aggregates mechanical transmission (except gearbox). For a synchronized mechanical transmission, only oils that have special confirmation of compliance with the requirements of machine manufacturers are applied. Can be used for increased friction differential if compliance with specifications MIL-L-2105D (in the USA) or ZF TE-ML-05 (in Europe). Then the class designation has additional signs, for example, the GL-5 + API or API GL-5 SL. Oils for the most loaded gears operating in very difficult conditions (high sliding speeds and significant shock loads). Contain up to 10% of highly efficient contamination additives. Designed for hypoid gears with a significant displacement of the axes. Corresponds to the highest level of operational properties.

API MT-1
Oils for high-loaded units. Designed for non-crown mechanical boxes Transmission of powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses). Equivalent to oils, but possess elevated thermal stability.

PG-2 API
Oils for the transmission of leading bridges of powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses) and mobile technology. Equivalent to oils, but have increased thermal stability and improved compatibility with elastomers.

For mechanical gearboxes (except hypoid), oils are mainly used and; For hypoid major gear: API GL-4 - for medium loaded gears and API GL-5 - for highly loaded gears, including hypoid with a significant displacement of the axes. Oil companies produce universal oils designed simultaneously both for the gearbox with synchronizers and for the synthene-loaded hypoid gears.

Classification of motor oils Under the conditions of application and levels of operational properties, the American Oil Institute (API).

By classification API, motor oils are divided into two categories: "S" (Service) and "C" (SMMERCIAL).

S (Service) - consists of categories of quality engine oils for gasoline engines going in chronological order. For each new generation, an additional letter is assigned alphabetically: API SA, API SB, API SC, API SD, API SE, API SF, API SG, API SH and API SJ (Category SI - intentionally missed API, to eliminate confusion with an international system measures).

API SA, API SB, API SC, API SD, API SE, API SF, API SG today is recognized as invalid, as outdated, but in some countries of these categories are still available, the category API SH is "conditionally acting" and can Used only as an additional, such as API CG-4 / SH.

The SL class was introduced 2001 and differs from SJ essentially the best antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-inflated properties, as well as less evaporation.

C (Commercial) - It consists of categories of quality and destination of oils for diesel engines going in chronological order. For each new generation is assigned an additional letter according to the alphabet: API CA, API CB, API CC, API CD, API CD-II, API CE, API CF, API CF-2, API CF-4, API CG-4 and API CH -four.

API CA, API CB, API CC, CD API, CD-II API today is invalidated as outdated, but in some countries oils of these categories are still available.

Classes of oils indicating the scope of the application are denoted by the letters of the Latin alphabet in ascending order behind the designation category: "SERVICE" (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, SM, SN), "Commercial" (CA, SV, SS, CD, CD +, CD-II, CE, CF-4, CF-2, CG-4, CH-4, CG-4). Figures for CDII, CF-4, CF-2 classes notation, CG-4 give additional information On the applicability of oils of this class in 2-clock or 4-stroke engines. The introduction of each new class was due to the tightening of oil requirements, in particular caused by environmental legislation, expanding the use of turbocharged engines, recycling of exhaust gases.

To refer to universal oils, i.e. Such which can be used to lubricate gasoline and diesel engines, adopted double marking, for example SF / CC, CF-4 / SH, etc.

For gasoline engines - oil classes on the scale s
Group of oils Years of car release Qualitative indicators
SM.

Introduced in November 2004.

Trends in the development of technology are aimed at improving their environmental safety, an increase in maintenance intervals while maintaining reliability of work. Naturally, it makes its own adjustments to the process of improving the engines, displaying and on the qualities of lubricating materials. Following this trend, in November 2004, a classification of motor oils for gasoline engines - SM appeared in the API classification, which is assumed compared to SL, increased requirements for lubricating materials relative to oxidation resistance, protection against deposits, wear, etc. From October 2006, the category has been replenished for diesel oils Class CJ-4.

 since 2004. -
SL.

(Valid). The API planned to develop the PS-06 project as the following category API SK, but one of the engine oil suppliers in Korea uses the reduction of "SK" as part of its corporate name. To eliminate the possible confusion, the letter "K" will be skipped for the next category "S".

  • - stability of energy-saving properties;
  • - reduced volatility;
  • - Extrable replacement intervals.
 c 2001. -
SJ. (Valid). The category approved 06.11.1995, the licenses began to be issued from 15.10.1996. Automotive oils of this category are intended for all currently used gasoline engines and completely replace oils of all previously existing categories in older engine models. Maximum level of operational properties. Possibility of certification in the Energy Saving category API SJ / EC. c 1996. -
Sh (Conditionally acting). Licensed category approved in 1992. To date, the category is conditionally valid and can only be certified as additional to categories of API C (for example AF-4 / SH). According to the requirements, the categories of ILSAC GF-1, but without compulsory energy saving. Automotive oils of this category are intended for petrol engines of 1996 models and older. When certification for energy saving, depending on the degree of fuel economy, the categories of the API SH / EC and API SH / ECII were assigned. since 1993. higher for models since 1995.
SG.

Licensed category approved in 1988. The issuance of licenses was discontinued at the end of 1995. Car oils are designed for 1993 models and older engines. Fuel - unleaded gasoline with oxygenates. Satisfy the requirements extended to car oils for the API CC and API CD diesel engines. Have higher thermal and antioxidant stability, improved anti-wear properties, reduced tendency to form deposits and sludge.

API SG car oils replace Oils of categories API SF, SE, API SF / CC and API SE / CC.

 1989-1993
Sf.

Automotive oils of this category are intended for engines of the 1988 models and older. Fuel - ethyl gasoline. They have more efficient than previous categories, antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-corrosion properties and have a smaller tendency to form high and low-temperature sediments and slag.

Automotive OILS API SF replace the Oils of the SC API, API SD and API SE in older engines.

 1981-1988
SE High-profile engines working in difficult conditions. 1972-1980 higher
SD. Medium-affiliated engines operating in difficult conditions. 1968-1971 average
SC Engines working with elevated loads. 1964-1967 -
SB. Moderate engines are used only at the request of the manufacturer. - -
SA Motors operating in easy conditions are used only at the request of the manufacturer. - -

For diesel engines - Classes oils on the scale C
Group of oils Recommended area of \u200b\u200bapplication Years of car release Qualitative indicators
CJ-4.

Introduced in 2006. For high-speed four-stroke enginesdesigned to meet the exhaust gas toxicity standards in the main roads. CJ-4 oils allow the use of fuel with sulfur content up to 500 RRT (0.05% of the mass). However, work with fuel in which the sulfur content exceeds 15 RRT (0.0015% of the mass), it may affect the performance of exhaust gas purification systems and / or oil replacement intervals.

CJ-4 specification oils exceed the working properties of CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4 and can be used in engines that are recommended by oils of these classes.

 since 2006. -
CI-4.

Introduced in 2002. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet exhaust gas toxicity standards implemented in 2002. CI-4 oils allow the use of fuel with the sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass, and are also used in engines with the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR). Replaces CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4 oils.

 since 2002. -
SH-4. Introduced in 1998. For high-speed four-stroke engines that meet the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the United States since 1998. CH-4 oils allow the use of fuel with a sulfur content up to 0.5% of the mass. You can use instead of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils. since 1998. -
CG-4. Introduced in 1995. For engines of high-speed diesel engineering fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. CG-4 oils for engines that fulfill the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases introduced in the USA since 1994. Replaces CD, CE and CF-4 Cate oils. since 1995 higher for models since 1995
CF-4. Introduced in 1990. For high-speed four-stroke diesel engines with turbocharging and without it. You can apply instead of CD and CE oils. since 1990. four-stroke motor
CF-2. Introduced in 1994. Improved characteristics are used instead of CD-II for two-stroke engines. since 1994. higher for two-stroke engines
CF. Introduced in 1994. Oils for off-road techniques, engines with separation injection, including fuel operating with sulfur content of 0.5% by weight and higher. Replaces CD oils. since 1994. -
CE Highly-minded perspective high turbocharged engines working in difficult conditions can be used instead of CC and CD classes. since 1987. higher
CD Class oils for high-speed diesel engines with turbocharged and high specific power, working at high speeds and at high pressures and requiring increased anti-alignment properties and preventing Nagar formation. since 1955. average
CC. High-mounted engines (including moderate superimposure), working in difficult conditions. since 1961. low
CB. Medium-rigorized supercharged engines working at elevated loads on sulfur fuel. 1949-1960 -
CA. Motors operating at moderate loads on a small-sized fuel. 1940-1950 -

Classification of motor oils API The American Petroleum Institute (American Petroleum Institute) was established in 1969. The classification of the API is called the classification of the quality of motor oils.

This classification shares motor oils to:
oils for gasoline engines;
oils for diesel engines;
Oils for two-stroke engines;
transmission oils;

For each of these species, quality classes are provided that describe a certain set of properties and qualities. car oils each class.

On the label, the information on the API engine oil engine oil is provided in this form: API SM., API CF., or API SM / CF.

If the engine oil can be used in both types of engines, then such oil is assigned to two classes - for diesel and for gasoline engines. On the oil label, these classes are separated by a slash, for example, API SJ / CF-4. At the same time, the first is the class of oil, which corresponds to a more preferred (according to the manufacturer of the car) application. That is, in the above case, the main purpose of the car - for gasoline engines, but the manufacturer allows its use in diesel engines.

It should be noted that the lack of information on the engineering oil label of compliance with any of the API classes unambiguously means that this is an automatic or does not have an API certificate at all, or the quality class assigned to it is outdated.

What do the API code characters mean?
The alphanumeric code is the designation of the oil class.
At the same time, the first encoding letter means the type of oil:
"S" - for gasoline engines (Service / Spark Ignition)
"C" - for diesel engines (Commercial / Compression Ignition)
"T" - for two-stroke engines (TWO-STROKE)

Motor Oil Quality Classes API: Gasoline Engines

API SN.
The new SN class was created by the American Oil Institute (API) in conjunction with the American Professional ASTM Association (American Society for Testing Materials) and SAE (Society of Engineers of the Automotive Industry).

The differences between the SN API class from the previous SM specification are much more scaligible than the differences of the SM class from SL. The main difference between the SN API from the previous API classifications in limiting phosphorus content for compatibility with modern systems Neutralization of exhaust gases, as well as complex energy saving. That is, the oils classified according to the API SN will approximately correspond to ASE C2, C3, C4, without an amendment to high-temperature viscosity.

For the new category API SN Committee on lubricant materials He proposed to follow the same development scheme as with earlier categories of API and ILSAC. This means that all performance features Motor oils for API and ILSAC will be equivalent to, except that the proposed requirements of the API SN do not include tests for wear on the Sequence IIIG method on the generated oils. These fuel tests and testing tests according to the Sequence VID method are important landmarks for oils applying for compliance with the ILSAC GF-5 standard.
The main differences between the ILSAC GF-5 from the previous classification of GF4, in the ability to work with biofuels, improved protection against wear and corrosion, greater fuel economy, improved compatibility with sealing materials and improved protection against sludgeing.

The requirements of the API SN and ILSAC GF-5 are close enough and low-viscosity oils are likely to be classified together in these two classifications.

Oils, the corresponding SN APIs can be used to replace the SM API and earlier.

API SM.
engines Since 2004 release.

The SM API class describes motor oils for modern gasoline (multiclapped, turbocharged) engines. Compared to the SL API class, motor oils that meet the requirements of the API SM must have higher levels of protection against oxidation and premature wear of engine parts. In addition, the standards are raised relative to the properties of the oil at low temperatures. Motor oils of this class can be certified by the ILSAC energy saving class.

Motor oils that meet the requirements of the API SM can be applied in cases where the car manufacturer recommends the class API SL or earlier.

API SL.
Motor oils for gasoline engines Since 2000 release.

In accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers, the API SL class machine is used in multi-chamber, turbocharged motors operating on fuel mixtures that meet modern enhanced ecology requirements, as well as energy saving.

Motor oils that comply with the requirements of the API SL can be used in cases where the automaker is recommended class API SJ or earlier.

API SK.
Due to the fact that one Korean manufacturer of engine oils uses the reduction of SK as its corporate name, to eliminate the possible confusion of the letter "K" is not used to designate the category of motor oils for gasoline engines.

API SJ.
Motor oils for gasoline engines Since 1996 release.

Automotive oils of this class are designed for use in gasoline engines of passenger and sports cars, minibuses and lungs. truckswhich are serviced in accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers. SJ provides for the same minimum standards as sh, as well as additional requirements for nagarization and working at low temperatures. Oils fall under certification by Energy Saving category API SJ / EC.

Motor oils that meet the requirements of the API SJ can be used in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended class SH or earlier.

API SH.
Motor oils for gasoline engines Since 1993 release.

Motor oils of this class are designed for use in gasoline engines. passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks of 1996 and older, in accordance with the recommendations of their manufacturers. Motor oils of this class were tested in accordance with the requirements of the Association of Chemical Products (SM).

The class is characterized by higher requirements compared to the SG class, and has been developed as a substitute for the latter, to improve the anti-carbon, antioxidant, antisository properties of oils and increased protection against corrosion.

The API SH class corresponds to the category of ILSAC GF-1 in all respects, except for the mandatory energy saving and, depending on the degree of fuel economy, refers to the category of API SH / EC and API SH / ECII.

Motor oils of this class can be used in cases where the car manufacturer is recommended by the SG API class or earlier.

API SG.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1989 to 1993 release.

Designed for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks of 1993 models and older working on unleaded gasoline with oxygenates. The engine oils of this class have properties that provide improved protection against carpets, oxidation of the machine and motor wear, in comparison with previous classes, and also contain additives that protect against rust and corrosion of internal parts of the engine.

API SG engine oils comply with motor oils for diesel engines API CC and CD. Can be used where the classes of the API SF, SE, SF / CC or SE / CC are recommended.

API SF.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1980 to 1989 releases.

These engine oils were used in gasoline engines of 1980-1989 releases operating on eaten gasoline, subject to availability and instructions of the engine manufacturer.

Provide enhanced resistance to oxidation, rust and corrosion, improved protection from the wear of parts, in comparison basic characteristics API SE Class Machines, as well as more reliable protection from Nagar and Slag.

Motor oils of the API SF can be used as replacements of previous API SE, SD or SC.

API SE
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1972 to 1980.

These engine oils were used in gasoline engines of models of release of 1972-1979, as well as in some models of 1971.

Additional protection in comparison with API SC and SD machines. Can be used as SC and SD replacements.

API SD.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1968 to 1971.

The automal of this class was used in gasoline engines of passenger cars and some freight release of 1968-70, as well as some models of 1971 and later.

Improved protection compared to API SC motor oils, also applied exclusively if there is an engine manufacturer's recommendation.

API SC.
Motor oils for gasoline engines from 1964 to 1967 releases.

Usually used in engines of passenger cars and some trucks of 1964-1967. Reduce high and low-temperature nagar, wear, and also protect against corrosion.

API SB.
Motor oils for low-power petrol engines.

Motor oils of the 30s of the 20th century, which provided enough easy protection against wear and oxidation, as well as anti-corrosion protection of bearings in motors that are operated in light load modes.

SB Motor Oils SB can only be used if they are specifically recommended by the engine manufacturer.

API SA.
Motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines.

Outdated class of oils for use in old motors operating in such conditions and modes in which the protection of parts is not needed.

API SA engine oils can only be applied if they are recommended by the engine manufacturer.

Motor Oil Quality Classes API: Diesel Engines

API CJ-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 2006 release.

Classification of the CJ-4 API licensed since October 2006.

The CJ-4 API class is designed for heavily loaded diesel engines, which meet the key requirements for NOx emission standards and solid particles for the manufacture of 2007 production and Recommended for engines equipped with particulate filters, as well as other systems for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases.

The CJ-4 API standard carries significant changes in response to the needs of manufacturers of new engines that meet new environmental standards that are entered from 2007. API CJ-4 oils impose limits by some indicators: asiliciness is less than 1.0%, sulfur 0.4%, phosphorus 0.12%.

The CJ-4 API classification exceeds the requirements of earlier categories of API CI-4 Plus, CI-4 and can be used as their replacement.

API CI-4 Plus

The additional operational class of the API CI-4 Plus motor oils for diesel engines was introduced in 2004.

Compared to API CI-4, the requirements for the specific content of soot, as well as evaporates and high-temperature oxidation are increased. When certified in this classification, motor oil must be tested in seventeen motor tests.

API CI-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 2002 release.

API CI-4 class introduced in 2002.

These engine oils are used in modern diesel engines with various types of injection and supervision, as well as in engines with exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR).

The CI-4 API class has been introduced due to the emergence of new, more stringent requirements for the ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases, which are presented to engines issued from October 1, 2002. Requirements for plantation, sediments, viscous indicators, limit the TBN value are tightened.

The engine oil, the corresponding API CI-4, should contain appropriate wash-dispersing additives and has, in comparison with the CH-4 API class, increased thermal oxidation resistance, as well as higher dispersing properties. In addition, such cars provide a significant reduction in motor oil fusion due to a decrease in volatility and decrease in evaporation at operating temperatures up to 370 ° C, under the influence of gases. Requirements for cold rockers are tightened, the resource of gaps, tolerances and motor seals increased by improving the driving fluidity.

The CI-4 API classification replaces the oils API CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4.

API CH-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1998 release.

Engine oils of this class are used in four-stroke diesel engines, which are operated in high-speed modes and comply with the requirements of the norms and standards for the toxicity of exhaust gases adopted in 1998.

The API CH-4 car corresponds to the sufficiently strict requirements of both American and European manufacturers of diesel engines. Class requirements are specifically designed for use in engines operating on high-quality fuel with a specific sulfur content of up to 0.5%. At the same time, in contrast to the class API CG-4, the resource of these engine oils is less sensitive to the use of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%, which is especially relevant for South America, Asia, Africa.

Motor oils API CH-4 comply with increased requirements and should contain additives, more efficiently prevent valve wear and water treatment on internal surfaces.

The oils of the GH-4 API can be used as substitutes of motor oils API CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4, in accordance with the recommendations of the engine manufacturer.

API CG-4
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1995 release.

The CG-4 API class was presented in 1995.

Motor oils of this class are recommended for four-stroke diesel engines of buses, trucks and tractors of the main and non-maternal type, which are operated in the modes of increased loads, as well as high-speed modes.

Motor oil API CG-4 is suitable for engines that use high-quality fuels with a specific sulfur content of not more than 0.05%, as well as in motors for which special requirements for fuel quality are not put forward (the specific sulfur content can reach 0.5% ).

API CG-4 Class Machines must more effectively prevent wear of internal parts of the engine, formation of a car on internal surfaces and pistons, oxidation, foaming, soot formation (these properties are especially needed for modern engines main buses and tractor).

The CG-4 API class has been created in connection with the approval of new requirements and standards for the ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases (edition of 1994). The main disadvantage limiting the massive use of this class, for example, in Eastern Europe and Asia, this is the essential dependence of the resource of the car from the quality of the fuel used.

Motor oils API CG-4 can be used in engines for which the CD, CE and CF-4 class API classes are recommended.

API CF (CF-2, CF-4)
Motor oils for diesel engines with indirect injection.

The digit through a hyphen means a two-or four-stroke engine.

CF class API describes motor oils recommended for use in diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as other types of diesel engines that operate on fuel of various quality, including with an increased sulfur content (for example, more than 0.5% of the total mass) .

Motor oils certified by the API CF class contain additives that contribute to a more effective prevention of deposits on piston, wear and corrosion of copper (with copper content) of bearings, which is of great importance for these types of engines, and can be pumped in the usual way, as well as using turbocharger or compressor.

Motor oils API CF can be used where the class is recommended. quality API CD.

API CF-2 (CF-II)
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1994 release.

Class API CF-2 introduced in 1994.

Motor oils of this class are commonly used in two-stroke diesel engines that operate in high loading conditions. The CF-2 API oils must contain additives that provide the protection of increased efficiency from wear of the internal parts of the engine, such as cylinders and rings. In addition, these cars must prevent the accumulation of deposits on the inner surfaces of the motor, that is, the improved cleaning function is characterized for these oils.

Motor oil certified by the CF-2 API class has improved properties and can be used instead of earlier similar oils, with the manufacturer's recommendation.

CF-4 API
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1990 release.

API CF-4 class introduced in 1990.

Engine oils of this class can be used in four-stroke diesel engines, the operating conditions of which are associated with high-speed modes.

API CF-4 API must contain appropriate additives that provide a reduction in car utaway, as well as to protect against Nagara in the piston group. The main purpose of the motor oils of this class is to use in diesel engines of heavy-duty tractors and other cars that are used for long-distance travels in highways.

In addition, such engine oils are sometimes assigned a dual class API CF-4 / S. In this case, if you have the relevant recommendations of the engine manufacturer, these cars can also be used in gasoline engines.

The quality requirements of the CF-4 API oils exceed the possibilities of the previous CE API class, so the CF-4 motor oils can be used instead of the CE API Class Oils, with the appropriate recommendations of the engine manufacturer.

CE API
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1983 release.

The CE API class machine was intended for use in some heavy duty turbocharged engines characterized by significantly increased working compression. The use of such oils was allowed for engines both with low and high rates of the shaft.

The engine oils of the CE API were recommended for low-and high-rustic diesel engines released, starting since 1983, which were operated in high-load modes. Subject to the availability of the relevant recommendations of the manufacturer of the engine, these cars could also be used in motors for which motor oils of class API CD were recommended.

API CD-II ( CD-2.)
Motor oils for two-stroke diesel engines Since 1985 release.

API CD-II class introduced in 1985 for use in two-stroke diesel engines and is, in fact, the evolutionary development of the previous class API CD. The main purpose of using such cars was to use in heavy powerful diesel engines, which were installed mainly on agricultural equipment.

The engine oils of this class meet all working standards of the previous class API CD, in addition, the requirements are significantly increased relative to the high efficiency protection of the engine from Nagar and wear.

API CD +.
Motor oils for diesel engines Japanese production.

Oils have high resistance to oxidation and thickening under the influence of soot accumulation, as well as increased valve assembly protection.

API CD.
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1955 release.

The CD API class was introduced in 1955 for normal use in some diesel engines, both atmospheric and turbocharged, with increased compression in cylinders, where effective protection against carbon and wear is extremely important. Engine oils of this class were usually used in agricultural machinery.

Motor oils API CDs could be used in cases where the engine manufacturer did not put forward additional requirements for fuel quality (including fuel with an increased sulfur content).

The API CDs were required, compared with previous classes, ensure increased protection against corrosion of bearings and high-temperature carpets in diesel engines. Often, motor oils of this class called "Caterpillar Series 3", due to the fact that they comply with the requirements of Superior Lubricants (Series 3) certification, developed by the tractor company Caterpillar.

API SS
Motor oils for diesel engines Since 1961 release.

The CC API class was introduced in 1961 for use in some engines, both atmospheric and turbocharged, which were characterized by increased compression. Engine oils of this class were recommended for engines that were operated in moderate and high load modes.

Compared to earlier classes, Motor oils API SS were to provide more high level protection against high-temperature nagar and corrosion of bearings in diesel engines, as well as from rusting, corrosion and low-temperature Nagar in gasoline engines.

API St.
Motor oils for diesel engines from 1949 to 1960.

Motor oils for diesel engines operating with an average load on sulfur fuel.

The class was approved in 1949 as an evolutionary development of the CA API, when using fuel with a high content of sulfur, without special quality requirements. The API API was also intended for use in supervisory motors, which were operated in lightweight and moderate modes. Often, this class was called "Motor oils" Appendix 1 ", thereby emphasizing the compliance with the MIL-L-2104A military prescription application 1.

API Sa.
Motor oils for diesel engines from 1940 to 1950 release.

Motor oils for low-loaded diesel engines.

The automal of this class is designed for use in diesel engines working in light and moderate modes on high-quality small-sized diesel fuel.

The class was widely used in the 40s and 50s of the last century and cannot be used in modern conditionsIf this is not provided for by the requirements of the engine manufacturer.

Motor oils API CA must have properties that provide protection from nagar on piston rings, as well as corrosion of bearings in supervising motors, for which special requirements for fuel quality, which is used are not provided.

Motor Oil Quality Classes API: Two-Point Engines

API TD.
Oils for suspended two-stroke engines of motor boats.

API TC.
Oils for engines with high oil quality requirements, except engine boats, such as motorcycle engines, snowmobiles. It is possible to use the TC API in cases where the class API TA or TB is required.

API TB.
Oils for high-speed two-stroke engines with a volume of 50-200 cm3, working under large loads, for example, motor scooters, chainsaws, motorcycles.

API TA
Oils for two-stroke engines with a volume of up to 50 cm3 with air cooled, For example, mopeds, lawn mowers.

Quality Class Motor Oil API: Transmission Oils

API GL-6
Transmission oils for hypoid gears with increased displacement, operating under high speeds, large torque and shock loads.

API GL-5
Transmission oils for hypoid gears with level of operational properties MIL-L-2105 C / D. These oils are preferably used in transmissions with hypoid conical gears and conical wheels with circular teeth for the main transmission in cars, in cardan drives of motorcycles and stepped gearboxes of motorcycles.

Oils are used specifically for hypoid gears with high mixing axis. For the most severe operating conditions with shock and alternate load. Recommended for hypoid gears operating under high speeds at small torque and shock loads on the gear teeth.

API GL-4
Transmission oils with high additives with the level of operational properties MIL-L-2105. These oils are preferably used in stepped gearboxes and steering mechanisms, in the main gears and hypoid transmissions with low displacement in cars and fireless vehicles For transportation of goods and passengers and for non-transport work.

Oils are used for hypoid gears operating under high speeds at small torque and under conditions of low velocities at large torque.

Be sure to have highly efficient anti-promotional additives.

API GL-3
Transmission oils with high additives with the level of operational properties MIL-L-2105. These oils are preferably used in the step of gearboxes and steering mechanisms, in the main gears and hypoid transmissions with a small displacement in cars and non-timing vehicles for the transport of goods, passengers and for non-transport.

Oils are used for spiral-conical gears operating in moderately harsh conditions, as well as for conventional transmissions with spiral-conical gears operating in moderately harsh conditions in speeds and loads.

They have the best anti-wear properties than the GL-2 API.

API GL-2
Transmission oils for worm gears operating under GL-1 conditions at low speeds and loads, but with higher requirements for antifriction properties.

API GL-1
Mineral oils without additives either oil with antioxidant and antipid additives, but without nontasted components for use in gearboxes with manual control With low specific pressure and sliding speeds.

Oils are used in cylindrical, worm and spiral-conical gear transmissions, working at low speeds and loads.

API MT-1
Oils for high-loaded units.

Designed for low-arctic mechanical transmissions of powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses).

Equivalent to the oils of the GL-5 API, but have increased thermal stability.

PG-2 API
Oils for the transmission of leading bridges of powerful commercial vehicles (tractors and buses) and mobile technology.

Equivalent by oils API GL-5, but have increased thermal stability and improved compatibility with elastomers.

September 18th, 2016 Admin.

All car owners need to be able to deal with engine oils, be able to read information, hidden in labeling written on the label. Right choice and use of the product good quality Gives you a guarantee for a stable and long service life of the car. The properties of the lubricating product must be responsible for all the conditions of the manufacturer. Oil work passes under high pressure And in the large temperature range, for this reason, such stiff requirements are put forward.

To make an easier process of selection of oil for a specific type of engine necessary characteristics and the required conditions, developed several types of international norms. World oil manufacturers use all recognized classifications.

Classification of automotive engine oils:

  • ILSAC;
  • GOST;
  • ACEA.

We often use 3 varieties of classification - API, GOST and ACEA.

The main categories of engine oils tied to the motor type are isolated: diesel or gasoline. Also there is I. universal oil. The packaging necessarily has information on the purpose of the product. Each engine oil includes mineral oilwhich is its main part, and the required number of additives.

Lubrication fluid is separated by chemical composition on:

  • Synthetic.
  • Mineral.
  • Semi-synthetic.

At the container, next to other information, the chemical composition is always written.

What can be written on a canister with oil:

  1. Present additives API and ACEA.
  2. SAE density classification (viscosity).
  3. Barcode.
  4. Recommendations of car manufacturers.
  5. Specialist. Categories of motor oils.
  6. Manufacture date and party number.
  7. Pseudonym marking (has nothing to do with standard label, is part of marketing, for example, Fully Synthetic and the like).

To find out what kind of oil is perfect for the motor of your car, we will help to figure out in a more significant marking.

SAE motor oil classification: Table

The main properties that are specified in the markup on the product container are the density parameters for sAE classification - International norms, adjustable viscosity of oils depending on seasonal change in air temperature.

Because of this, oil is divided into 3 species, which differ in their structure:

  • Winter oils Liquid and allow you to launch the car engine at low air temperature without difficulty. The indicator of SAE is indicated by the symbol "w" (for example, 0W, 5W, 10W, and so on). In order to find out the limit value, the number 35 should be subtracted. With a plus air temperature, such oil is not suitable for use, since it becomes too liquid in structure and cannot form a lubricant layer, i.e. It will not perform the functions of its destination.
  • Summer oils used at air temperature from 0˚ and higher, since they are quite large with them so that high temperatures The fluidity did not exceed the desired indicator for effective lubrication of parts of the motor. In winter, a high viscosity engine will not be launched in the winter year. Marked summer oils numerical designation without letters (for example, 5,10,15, etc.; more the number is stronger than viscosity).
  • All-season oils They are the most demanded due to the ability to carry out the functions of their destination both in the cold and warm season. The limit values \u200b\u200bof such oils can be viewed in the scheme where SAE indicators are decrypted. This type of oil is denoted by double labeling (for example, SAE 15W-40).

The viscosity characteristic is the very first and significant component of the labeling and the specification of the lubricating fluid, but there are other. Making the selection of lubricating fluid, applying only viscosity data is incorrect. It is also necessary to take into account the ratio of the properties of the product and the conditions for its use.

All oils have not only viscosity, but also by many other various operational properties (anti-wear, detergents and antioxidant properties, corrosion activity and others). These properties make it possible to determine their destination area.

Classification of motor oils by API: Table

The main indicators in the classification by API are: the type of engine and its operation mode, the active oil properties and the year of commissioning. Oils are separated by standard for 2 categories:

  1. Category "S" - for gasoline engines.
  2. Category "C" - designed for diesel engine.

How to decrypt Motor Oil API?

The designation API may begin with the letter "C" or "S". They indicate for what type of engine oil is intended. The following letter defines the product class that shows the level of existing properties.

According to this classification, the explanation of the marking of motor oils looks like this:

  • The abbreviated EU designation, located immediately after the API, indicates oil saving energy.
  • For the abbreviation, indicating Roman numbers carry information about the level of fuel economy.
  • The letter "C" is determined by oils for engines operating on diesel fuel.
  • The letter "S" denote oils for gasoline engines.
  • Universal oil marked with the letters of both categories through an incision with a slope (for example, API SL / CF).
  • After the letters "S" or "C" indicate the degree of operational qualities, it is indicated by the letters from "A" (the smallest indicator) to "n", etc. (The higher the alphabetic order value of the 2nd letter, the higher the product class).
  • For diesel engine engines on the API labeling, they are divided into two-stroke and four-strokes (denoted at the end of the number "2" or "4", respectively).

Motor oils that have passed a number of SAE / API checks and comply with the standards of valid quality varieties are indicated as a round mark on the labels. At the top of the sign, there is a designation - "API Service", in the central - the degree of viscosity on SAE, from the bottom - the degree of energy saving (if there is).

Using motor oils for the necessary specification, you increase wear resistance and reduce the risk of motor breakage. It decreases the fuel consumption and "avgar" oil, the engine works quieter, and its driving quality is improved (especially at cold temperatures), the exhaust and catalyst cleaning system is less wearing.

Classification of ILSAC, GOST, ASEA - which means and how to decrypt

Classification and designation of motor oils by ILSAC

Joint development of America and Japan - the classification of ILSAC. The International Committee for Standardization and Tests was derived 5 lubricating fluid standards:

  • ILSAC GF-1,
  • ILSAC GF-2,
  • ILSAC GF-3,
  • ILSAC GF-4,
  • ILSAC GF-5.

They are similar to classes on the API and differ only in the fact that the corresponding ilsac classification oils are energy-saving and universal for all seasons. Such a classification stands the best option For Japanese cars.

Classification and designation of motor oils according to GOST

In accordance with GOST 17479.1-85, engine oils are divided into:

  • groups on valid properties;
  • categories for kinematic viscosity.

Oil viscosity is divided into the following classes:

  • Winter period of the year - 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • Summer period of the year - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24.
  • Universal - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, ... .6 / 16 (1st digit Indicates the winter class, and 2nd - summer).

The greater the numerical designation in all class described above, the higher the level of viscosity.

Oils for engines are divided into 6 groups of use and marked with letters from "A" to "E".

Oils with digital indicator "1" indicate its purpose for use in engines operating on gasoline, "2" - for diesel engines, and the absence of a digital indicator indicates the universality of the fluid.

Classification and designation of motor oils on ASEA

The combination of automakers of European countries has developed ASEA classification. It marked their categories and purpose, as well as engineering properties for engines. This specification is also divided into use in gasoline and diesel engines.

The latest standards share oils for 3 varieties and 12 groups:

  • A / B - diesel and gasoline engines passenger cars, minibuses and vans (A1 / B1-12, A5 / B5-12, etc.)
  • C - diesel and gasoline motors with a catalytic converter (C1-12 .... C4-12).
  • E - trucks from diesel engine (E4-12 .... E9-12).

In addition to the classification of motor oil, the ASA marking marks the publication number (updates of those. Requirements) and the year of commissioning. Domestic oils are additionally passing for GOST certification.

Oil groups in the ILSAC category, their compliance with API standards:

  • ILSAC GF-1 (outdated category) - the quality of the oil is similar to the classification of the API SH; SAE 0W-20, 5W-35, 10W-40 viscosity.
  • ILSAC GF-2 is similar to the quality of the product API SJ, on the density of SAE 0W-20, 5W-25.
  • ILSAC GF-3 - corresponds to a variety of API SL, was put into operation in 2001.
  • ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5 are similar to SM and SN.

Also in accordance with the ILSAC standard for Japanese cars with turbocharged diesel engines, a category of JASO DX-1 has been developed. This marking of oils is designed for engines of new machines with high ecology standards and mounted turbines.

Specifications and tolerances of motor oils

In the ACEA and API specifications, the minimum basic requirements taken by manufacturers of additives and oils and car manufacturers are expressed. The characteristics of oil during operation differ because different marks Car Motors are arranged in different ways. Part of the leading engine manufacturers created their personal method of classifying oils (simplified name - tolerance), which adds additions to the ASEA classification system. Engine manufacturers, such as: BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, Renault, Ford, Fiat, GM - preferably use personal endorsements when choosing motor oils.

We will understand the more well-known and most common tolerances that are indicated on the Tare of Motor Oils.

Motor oil tolerances for VAG

Motor oil - VW 500.00 - saving energy (SAE 10W-30, 5W-30, 5W-40, etc.) for gasoline engines (up to 2000 release) Calculated VW 501.01 - suitable for any seasonal period. VW 502.00 - intended for use in turbocharged engines.

Oil for motors running on gasoline with viscosity SAE 0W-30, - VW 503.00 - requiring a rare replacement (up to 30,000 kilometers). For the engine of the car, which has an exhaust system with a three-component neutralizer, - VW 504.00.

Tolerance of VW 505.00 oils for TDI engines are provided for cars such as Audi, Volkswagen, Skoda working on diesel (up to 2000 release). Motors PDE with pump-nozzle - oil with admission VW 505.01.

For cars working on diesel fuel (released after 2002), oil energy-saving oil with viscosity 0W-30 - VW 506.00 - more rarely requires replacement (up to 50.000 kilometers of 4 cylinder engines TDI). For engines operating on diesel fuel with pump-nozzle and turbocharged PD-TDI, - tolerance VW506.01 - rarely requiring oil replacement.

Motor oil tolerances for Mercedes

Personal permits are also available from Mercedes-Benz auto manufacturers. The permission of MV 229.1 denotes Mercedes engines operating on gasoline and on a diesel engine, since 1997 issued to production. The permission of MV 229.31, which limits the content of phosphorus and sulfur, is entered into use later, it has compliance with SAE 0W and SAE 5W. Multifunctional oil for engines operating both on gasoline and diesel fuel with an increased service life, as well as energy saving, has permission of MV 229.5.

Motor oil tolerances for BMW (BMW)

For cars, release since 1998, it is proposed to use oils with the designation of "BMW Long LIFE-98" tolerance, which comply with ASEA A3 / B3 standards, with an increased operational period. "BMW Long Life-01" - oil tolerance, recommended for car engines, the release of which falls at the end of 2001. With an increased engine load in sophisticated conditions It is recommended to use oils with the admission of "BMW Long Life-01 FE". IN modern cars BMW Apply motor oils with "BMW Long LIFE-04" tolerance.

Motor oil tolerances for Renault

In 2007, Renault manufacturers have developed tolerances that meet the main requirements of ACEA:

  • RENAULT RN0700 - AEA A3 / B4 or ASEA A5 / B5.
  • RENAULT RN0710 corresponds to the conditions of ASEA A3 / B4.
  • RENAULT RN0720 corresponds to the ASEA C3 (some auxiliary from Renault).
  • The tolerance of RN0720 is designed for use in modern vehicles operating on diesel fuel with the presence of anteria filter.

Motor Oil Tolerances for Ford (Ford)

SAE 5W-30 Classification Engine Oil, which received the Ford WSS-M2C913-A resolution is calculated for the initial use and subsequent replacement. Such an oil has compliance with all requirements and standards in the following classifications: ASEA A1-98, ILSAC GF-2 and still supporting requirements Ford.

The oil that has a Ford M2C913-B permission corresponds to the necessary standards of ASEA A1-98 and B1-98, ILSAC GF-2 and ILSAC GF-3, recommended for primary use and subsequent replacement in vehicles with diesel and gasoline engines.

In 2012, the Ford WSS-M2C913-D permission was developed and entered. Motor oils with such an indicator are offered for all car Ford. with diesel engine. Except are models Ford. TDCI, launched in production until 2009, and release engines from 2000 to 2006. The tolerance provides for an increased operating period of oil and refueling with a high sulfur or bio-diesel fuel.

Motor oil that received Ford WSS-M2C934-A tolerance is designed for an increased operational period and is intended for use in cars with diesel engine and summer filter (DPF). Oil that matches ford tolerance WSS-M2C948-B, meets the standards for the classification of ASE C2 (for diesel and gasoline engines with a catalyst). The presence of this tolerance suggests that the oil viscosity corresponds to SAE 5W-20 with low-formation.

Choosing the engine oil must be considered as follows:

  • The choice of the appropriate chemical composition of oil is synthetic, semi-synthetic or mineral.
  • SAE viscosity classification standards (winter, summer or universal).
  • A set of additives that meets the requirements (formulated in the classifications of ACEA and API).
  • To pay attention to which brands of cars the product is intended (this information can be considered on the container label).
  • It is important not to overcome additional indicators and oil tolerances from the type (for example, the designation Long Life indicates that the oil is suitable for use in cars with an increased service life).
  • In the peculiarities of some formulations, a combination with engines can be determined by an intercooler, turbocharging, adjusting the lifting height, timing phases and cooling gas recycling.
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