White and black smoke from the exhaust pipe. What does white, black and gray smoke from the exhaust pipe black exhaust of a gasoline engine
Familiar picture: launched the engine after a long parking lot and from exhaust pipe Thought the thick smoke. It is possible that after warming up it will decrease, and when traveling and disappears at all. But more often it happens otherwise. The smoke continues and explicitly shows that there are any problems in the engine. Long inaction served as a pushing to their sharp manifestation.
Smoke from the exhaust pipe is also white, and black, and any intermediate shades. Color serves as an important diagnostic sign. The operation of an enhancement engine is often accompanied by other deviations from the norm, although sometimes poorly notable. They must be captured and celebrated to accurately assess the situation.
Usually the appearance of smoke is associated with faults of the following engine working bodies: control systems (mainly fuel feed), cooling systems, mechanical part (piston group, distribution mechanism, etc.). In accordance with this smoke, either due to incomplete or "incorrect" fuel combustion, or to enter the coolant into cylinders, or income there oil. The presence of oil, coolant or ease of fuel during combustion in the cylinders and gives the characteristic color of exhaust gases.
If you analyze possible malfunctions, it turns out that in many situations smoke the same color, although it has a different nature. Another circumstance: Often, a malfunction of one system that has a source of smoke occurs due to problems and defects in another. Here is a characteristic example: the poor work of the cooling system leads to the engine overheating and, accordingly, the burning of the piston rings. Already as a result, oil falls into the cylinders and causes smoking, the cause of which is essentially secondary.
Start the search for the cause of smoke is better with comparison of all recorded circumstances: the nature of the smallests, seen related phenomena, possible external influences. We are talking about the characteristic combinations of these factors.White smoke.
White smoke from the exhaust pipe is quite a normal phenomenon for the warm engine warming modes. Only it is not smoke, but couples. Water in a vapor state is a natural fuel combustion product. In the untenaled exhaust system, this pair is partially condensed and becomes visible, and water usually appears on the cutting section of the exhaust pipe. As the system warms the condensation decreases. The colder environment, the more dense and white there are steam. At temperatures below -100, a white pair is formed on a well-haired engine, and when frost is minus 20-25 degrees, a thick white color becomes with a sizem. On the color and saturation of the pair also affects the humidity of the air: the more it is more, the pairs are thick.
White smoke in warmth time and on a well-haired engine is most often associated with the getting of coolant into the cylinders (for example, through a non-grinding of the block head). The water contained in the coolant does not have time to completely evaporate when combustion of fuel and forms a rather thick white smoke (in fact, steam again). Its shade depends on the coolant composition, weather and illumination on the street. Sometimes he looks like a Sizem, reminding "oil" smoke. It is easy to distinguish water vapor: it immediately dissipates, and after the "oil" smoke in the air remains a bluish fog.
To make sure that the cooling system is required, a number of targeted checks will be required. It is easy to clarify that water is really thrown out of the exhaust pipe, and not oil. To do this, on a well-haired engine briefly closed the hole of the exhaust pipe with a sheet of paper. Drops of water from the leaf will gradually evaporate and will not leave obvious fat traces, and they will not be fat to the touch.
Further search must be coordinated with the engine design. The liquid can fall into the cylinder due to not only damage to the gasket, but also cracks in the head or block of cylinders. All these defects when working the engine causes exhaust gases In the cooling system (sometimes a gas plug is even formed there), which serves as the basis for recognition.
Opening the radiator cork or the expansion tank, it is easy to notice the smell of exhaust gases and the oil film on the surface of the coolant. Yes, the level of fluid will be reduced. It is characteristic that in such cases, after starting the cold engine, the pressure in the cooling system immediately increases (it is not difficult to feel your hand, compressing the upper radiator hose), the fluid level in expansion tank. Moreover, this level is unstable and in the tank one can notice the output of gas bubbles, sometimes with a periodic release of coolant from the tank.
If the engine stop, then the picture will change. The liquid begins to go into the cylinder. Gradually it passes through piston rings And enters the oil, in the pallet of the crankcase. With the subsequent launch, the oil with liquid is mixed, forms an emulsion and changes the color - becomes opaque and lighter. Circulating over the lubrication system, such an emulsion leaves on the cover of the head and a plug of oil-coaling neck a characteristic foam of light yellow-brown.
This is checked by drowing the oil probe and opening the neck plug, but if the defect (crack, squeak) is small, then no changes may not be (it happens that the oil remains clean, although the foam is formed). On the contrary, if the leakage in the cylinder is essential, then the liquid, accumulating over the piston, even prevents the burden crankshaft The start at the first moment when starting. In particularly severe cases, it is possible to hydrate in the cylinder, deformation and breakage of the connecting rod.
Sometimes it is possible to clarify the place of the defect. Finding into the cylinder, the coolant is actively "cleans" everything, with which it comes into contacts, so the ignition candle will look completely fresh. If, through the candle hole, use air under pressure in the cylinder (for example, through an adapter with a hose or a special leakage tester), the level of fluid in the expansion tank will begin to increase (when checking, it is necessary to rotate the crankshaft to a position at which both valves are closed, put a car on brake and turn on the transmission).
Further checks are possible only with a disclosed block of block. Assess the state of the gasket, the planes of the head and block. The starting of the gasket is often accompanied by the deformation of the head plane, especially if the defect preceded the engine overheating (for example, due to the thermostat fault, fan and other reasons). Worse, if obvious defects were not found. Then it is necessary to check the head on pressure tightness; It is most likely that a crack will be detected on the wall of the combustion chamber (more often near the exhaust valve seat). You should also carefully examine the cylinder, lowering the piston into the lower dead point. The crack in the cylinder is a rare defect, but if it is, it is easy to detect it. The edges of the crack diverge (the walls "breathe") and often turn out to be polished piston rings.
It also happens that the cooling fluid enters the cylinder through the inlet system - for example, due to the leakage of the intake manifold laying (if it simultaneously compacts the coolant coolant collector coolant. In such cases, the pressure in the cooling system does not increase, the smell of exhaust gases is not in it, but the oil turns into an emulsion, and the coolant level is rapidly decreasing. These signs are usually enough to find a defect and not confuse it with the above-described, otherwise the block head will be removed in vain.
All problems associated with white smoke from the exhaust pipe require not only eliminating direct causes. Since defects are usually caused by engine overheating, then check and eliminate malfunctions in the cooling system - it is possible that the thermostat does not work, the switching sensor, the coupling or the fan itself, a non-grinding radiator, its plug, hoses, or connections.
If the white smoke and the accompanying defects are noticed, then the car cannot be operated. First, defects quickly progress. And secondly, the operation of the engine on the water-oil emulsion sharply accelerates the wear of parts and after several hundred kilometers without major repairs, most likely, not to do.Blue or SIZY smoke
The main reason for the appearance blue smoke - Eating oil into the engine cylinders. The "oil" smoke can have different shades - from a transparent blue to thick white-blue, which depends on the mode of operation of the engine, the degree of its warm-up and the amount of oil entering the cylinders, as well as illumination and other factors. It is characteristic that the oil smoke, in contrast to the steam, does not dissipate in the air quickly, and the above-mentioned test with paper gives fatty drops, flying out of the pipe along with exhaust gases.
It is also obvious that the oil smoke is accompanied by increased oil consumption. Thus, at a flow rate of about 0.5 l / 100 km, the SIZY smoke appears mainly in transient modes, and when 1.0 l / 100 km is reached on the modes of uniform movement. By the way, in the latter case, in the transitional modes, the oil smoke becomes dense blue-white. True, owners of the most modern machines It is necessary to remember the possible presence of a neutralizer, which is capable of cleaning exhaust gases from oil even with sufficiently large expenditures.
The oil in the cylinders (more precisely, in the combustion chamber) falls in two ways - either from the bottom, through the piston rings, or on top, through the gaps between the rods of the valves and the guide bushings.
The wear of the details of the cylinder-piston group is one of the most common causes of the appearance of oil smoke. In the upper compression rings, wear is observed not only on the outer surface in contact with the cylinder, but also by the end planes that perceives the pressure of gases in the cylinder. Can be worn and grooves of these rings in pistons. Large gaps in grooves create a pumping effect. Even if the oil lifting rings are still normal, the oil still enters the cylinders, since the upper rings continuously "pump up" from the bottom up.
Cylinders are most weathered in the zone of stopping the upper ring at the position of the piston in top dead The point, and in the middle part there is often an oval shape. The deviation of the shape of the cylinder from the circle worsens the sealing properties of the rings. In the zone of locks, lumens are usually formed, but their appearance is not excluded in other places of the circle.
There are often cases when, with a relatively decent state of the rings and pistons, the surface of the cylinder is damaged. This happens, for example, with poor oil filtration, when abrasive particles fall between the piston skirt and the cylinder. Then the cylinder arises scratches.
A similar situation is real and after a long parking lot, when corrosion foci may appear on the surface of the cylinders and rings. It will take considerable time to smooth out these defects and mutual acquisition of details (if they can work at all).
The same effect often occurs when the engine repair technology is impaired, if the surface of the repaired cylinder is too coarse or the cylinder is irregular, or low-quality pistons and piston rings are used. In such cases, as a rule, it is generally impossible to count on a normal acquisition.
The wear of the details of the cylinder-piston group are often accompanied by a compression loss and an increase in the pressure of crankcase gases, which is determined by the appropriate devices (compressometer, leakage tester, etc.). However, it should be remembered that a large amount of oil entering the cylinders is well compacted by the gaps in conjugate details. If they are not too high, then the result of the compression assessment can be quite normal, sometimes even closer to the upper limit. This circumstance confuses the search for a specific reason for the blue oil smoke.
Another note on the characteristic circumstances. When there are no large wear of parts, then blue or blue-white smoke is clearly observed only when driving the engine, gradually decreasing and even disappearing. The reason is simple: heating, the details acquire the form and occupy the place at which they are better adjacent to each other. With excessively large wear, the picture is inverse: smoke on a warm engine will increase, as it is easier to get hot oil, having a low viscosity, it is easier to get into the cylinder through worn items.
It is always easier to determine the malfunction associated with more serious defects or even breakdowns of parts. So, detonation usually leads to a breakage of the jumpers between the rings on the pistons, less often - to the breakage of the rings themselves. Strong engine overheating causes deformation of the piston skirts, a large gap between the piston and the cylinder is formed. The deformed piston is thrown by breaking the rings. The same result is possible during the deformation of the connecting rod, for example, due to the hydroudar when water in the cylinder, or after breaking the belt and the piston impact on the uncrowel valve.
The use of low-quality oil can cause burning and running rings in piston grooves. And due to the long-term vibil ignition, the ring can be simply fledged in grooves with full loss of mobility.
The defects considered above are usually not in all cylinders immediately. Find a faulty cylinder is not difficult, comparing the state of the spark plugs and the value of the compression in different cylinders. Moreover, such defects often accompany different types of extraneous noises and knocks, changing with turns, load and degree of engine warming, as well as the unstable operation of the engine due to the disconnection of the cylinders (especially when cold start).
A common group of faults causing oil smoke and oil consumption is associated with wear of the rods of valves and guide sleeves, as well as wear, mechanical defects and aging (loss of elasticity) of oil-challenged caps. These defects, as a rule, give a noticeable increase in engine chimney as heated, because the dischargeable hot oil is much easier passed through the gaps between the worn items. In addition, oil entering the cylinders is enhanced by idling And when braking the engine. In these modes in the intake manifold, a large vacuum occurs, and oil flows over the rods of valves under the action of pressure drop, accumulating on the walls of the parts and in exhaust system. Subsequent opening throttle valve At the first moment sharply enhances the thickness of blue oil smoke.
In engines with turbocharged oil consumption, accompanied by blue smoke, is possible due to a turbocharger malfunction, in particular, the wear of bearings and the rotor seals. Worn sealing front bearing The compressor gives a picture similar to the failure of the oil-challenge cap (including oil nagar on the candlelight), but at the same time the oil puddle is collected in the compressor's inlet nozzle. Malfunction of the sealing turbine is difficult to determine because the oil comes directly into the exhaust system and goes there.
In operation, the blue smoke and oil consumption often appear when one of the cylinders is disconnected due to the malfunction of the ignition or with the valve leaks. In the latter case, smoke becomes white-blue, especially if the valve has an explicit mark. Such a defect is determined without difficulty - compression in this cylinder is insignificant or absent at all, and abundant black Nagar appears on the candle, often in the form of growths.
There are also quite exotic defects that cause blue oil smoke. So, U. automatic boxes Transmission with a vacuum load sensor is possible to break the regulator membrane. Since its cavity is connected by a hose with an intake manifold, the engine begins simply sucking the oil from the gearbox. As a rule, the oil comes only in those cylinders, about which the selection of vacuum is taken in the collector. At the same time, it is possible to cast candles and splashing oil from candle holes (we will remind that oil ATF. usually have
Red color).Black smoke
The black smoke from the exhaust pipe indicates the re-enters the fuel-air mixture, and, consequently, about the faults of the fuel-feed system. Such smoke is usually clearly visible on a light background for the car and is particles of soot - the products of incomplete combustion of fuel.
Black smoke is often accompanied by a large fuel consumption, poor launch, unstable engine operation, high toxicity of exhaust gases, and often loss of power due to the non-optimal composition of the fuel and air mixture.
In carburetor engines, the black smoke usually occurs due to overflow in the float chamber due to the defect of the needle valve or due to the location of the air jets.
In gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection, the reobey of the mixture appears, as a rule, when malfunction and failures of various sensors (oxygen, air flow, etc.), as well as with nozzles of nozzles. The last case is danted by a hydroudar in the cylinder when starting with all the consequences mentioned above. The point is that through a faulty nozzle on a non-working engine in a cylinder can find a lot of fuel, and it will not allow the piston to approach the top dead point. Diesels black smoke sometimes appears not only with violations in the pump high pressure, but also with a large insertion angle of injection.
Common for the operating modes of gasoline engines on a re-engaged mixture is increased wear and even the styles of the cylinder-piston group, since excess fuel is flushes oil from the cylinder walls and worsens the lubricant. In addition, fuel enters the oil and dilutes it, worsening the lubrication conditions and in other conjugate engine parts. In some cases, this discharge is so large that the oil level in the crankcase (more precisely, the mixture of oil with fuel) is significantly increased. Diluted oil acquires a distinct smell of gasoline. Obviously, the operation of the engine with such faults is not only difficult, but also extremely undesirable, since it quickly leads to new, much more serious trouble.
Black smoke from the car's exhaust pipe can be quite alarming and even scare an inexperienced car owner, and meanwhile, there is nothing dangerous in the short term in the short term.
That's just, this is not at all reason, do not make any measures to eliminate the reasons that cause black or black with gray exhaust gases. Actually the global reason for this phenomenon, one. This is too saturated fuel mixture. As you know, in modern engines, both gasoline and diesel uses a mixture of air and gasoline, gas, diesel fuel. Accordingly, if this mixture is oversaturated with fuel, it can not completely burn, and then the excess fuel is thrown through the car exhaust system.
Here are these surplus and the reason for the appearance of black smoke from the exhaust pipe. As for the factors leading to oversaturation fuel mixes or incomplete fuel combustion, then they will be different for different types of engines. And we will now consider the most characteristic for each type of engine causes that cause the appearance of black smoke in the exhaust.
In old cars, as is well known, the carburetor is responsible for the formation of the fuel mixture. Accordingly, the oversaturation of this mixture is combustible - its wines. More specifically, there are two main problems:
- needle valve;
- jets;
The needle valve can skip either too much fuel, or on the contrary to add. Well, due to work on gasoline of poor quality, the jackets may simply be clogged.
All you need is to clean and rinse the carburetor thoroughly, and if necessary, replace its details that have failed. Do not forget to correctly set the level of gasoline.
Engines with injector
In injection engines, the fuel mixture forms electronics, and into the combustion chamber, this mixture is supplied through the injector. If the injector is clogged, it is necessary to achieve a certain amount of pressure so that the fuel mixture gets to the destination. And in addition, the mixture is injected not evenly, there are excess fuel, which do not burn as it should be. This problem is solved with the help of the injector cleaning, or mechanical, or with the help of special chemistry, which is added to the fuel. The first option is more efficient, and the second is simpler and affordable. This cleaning is produced approximately every 60 - 70 thousand mileage kilometers.
Another reason for the improper formation of the fuel mixture in motors with direct injection Fuel, is the electronic component itself. Necessary for proportional formation of the fuel mixture, information is provided by various sensors. This is both other devices like this type. Accordingly, if incorrect information is supplied, or it is generally absent, the correct proportions between the fuel and air are disturbed, which leads to the appearance of unburned excess flammable and, accordingly, black smoke from the exhaust pipe. Actually there are other symptoms characteristic of such situations. These are floating momentum, and fervent overruns and jerks when driving, and other engine disorders.
Not so often, but still it happens that the reason for the combustion chamber of excessive portions of fuel in the combustion chamber is the fuel pump, which is usually located in the gas tank. If he, for any reason, supplies gasoline with a pressure above the calculated, excess will occur inevitably.
As for the elimination of the stops described, then determine which sensor spoils you life, without the help of a specialist and diagnostic equipment, most often impossible. Well, in the case of the pump, it almost always has to change. Although here, it is better to consult with a professional.
Diesel engines
Engines working on heavy fuel recently became very and very popular. They are even installed in compact city cars, and for SUVs, minibuses and other major vehicle, the presence of a complete set with a diesel engine has become almost obligatory.
In principle, in diesel engines, black smoke from the exhaust pipe is quite likely to be the option of the norm. Especially in old good trucks such as MAZ. But tough environmental requirements Forcing the manufacturers of modern motors on heavy fuel to clean the exhaust, for which it is installed, the so-called dairy filter. Actually black smoke from the exhaust, on diesel vehicles, it is often just a scored sump filter. Accordingly, its replacement completely eliminates the problem.
Also in such engines there is a problem overflow of fuel due to the fault of the fuel pump. Here is a high pressure fuel pump. It is treated as in gasoline engines, its replacement. By the way, this pleasure is, for the diesel directions of modern cars, completely in-noise.
Well, another reason that causes the appearance of black smoke is the wrong ignition advance angle. You only need to set this parameter correctly.
What does black smoke ignore
First of all, it should be noted that for any type of engine, the presence in its exhaust of the unburned fuel leads to an increase in the toxicity of this exhaustion itself. In addition, for injector motors There is a risk of rapid failure, catalyst. And the replacement of this node is expensive. Diesels in extreme cases can generally break the engine block. All wines are very high working pressure in such aggregates, as well as the ability of diesel fuel to ignite from compression.
One way or another, but to eliminate the problem, the symptom of which was the appearance of black smoke in the exhaust gases, you need as soon as possible.
Video on the topic
The color of exhaust gases during the start of the engine and in the process of its further work is a kind of indicator of the state of the power unit and systems. Various problems can lead to the fact that the engine smokes is white, black, blue or by the Sizem exhaust. As a rule, in a working motor, drivers briefly observe only white smoke when the diesel engine is started or gasoline.
It should be noted that this phenomenon in some cases is not a malfunction, especially when the specified smoke formation after Harry Harf becomes less intense or completely disappears. If, when starting the engine, the blue smoke goes or the driver notices the black smoke when the cold engine is started, then this is a reason for checking the power unit.
In this article, we will talk about how the reasons can appear black smoke when the engine is started in the frost, which indicates a gray smoke when it starts the cold engine, and also why the engine starts white smoke.
Read in this article
Smoke from the exhaust pipe when starting the engine: white, black, blue exhaust color
As it has already been said, when the engine starts, the smoke from the exhaust system can be different color, while not always the smoke becomes a reason for concern. Let's start with a white exhaust.
The fact is that condensate is accumulated after the parking lot. After starting, condensate begins to evaporate, also on the amount of smoke and its density affects outdoor temperature And air humidity (the colder and wetter, the ground and longer will be saved white smoke). In frosts, such a smoking can be permanent, that is, the installation of smokes is white, regardless of the degree of HRS heating.
Increased attention is required by the situation when it's warm on the street, while after starting the engine of the exhaust pipe there is a thick cloud of white smoke. In this case, the likelihood of hitting working fluid (Tosola or antifreeze) from the cooling system directly to the cylinders.
This malfunction appears as a result of engine overheating, breakdown or, education in those places where the channels of the cooling jackets are passing.
In such a situation, you will need to remove the head, if necessary, grind the cave plane, change gasket GBC., check the head for tightness, repair cracks, etc.
- To confirm the diagnosis, unscrew the lid on the engine center. The drilling and bubbles clearly indicate the breakthrough of gases into the cooling system, while the level of coolant can also increase. After stopping the DVS, the specified level falls in the tank, part of the coolant falls into the cylinders.
- Note that it is not always a liquid to be brown, especially in the case of microdefects. In such a situation, only in color, condition and level of coolant should be focused.
- The smell of gary, the presence of oil spots on the surface, reducing the level in the tank without visible reasons and a number of other indirect signs will indicate to enter the liquid from the cooling system into the cylinders.
- Also, it will not be superfluous to get the oil dipstick and unscrew the lid of the oil-tapping neck. The fact is that with the intensive penetration of the coolant into the combustion chamber, leaks from the epipper space through the Carter DVS occur.
The result becomes a liquefaction and cloudy motor oil, The appearance of a characteristic brownish emulsion. We add that with intensive cluster of coolant in space above the piston, the engine can occur. At the specified reasons, strong smoking with white smoke is an alarming symptom and requires immediate elimination. In other words, the operation of the engine is better stopped before eliminating the problem.
Black smoke when starting the engine
The black color of exhaust gases often occurs when there are problems with the system and the quality of the fuel and air mixture.
Such a smoke is formed as a result of the fact that there is a strong enrichment of the working mixture of fuel and air in relation to a specific mode of operation of the OI.
Under enrichment, a large amount of fuel in relation to the amount of air should be understood. In this case, the following additional features may appear:
- the engine is easily spinning from the starter, but hardly starts;
- frequently often, even new or serviceable;
- after launching the motor "Troit", the work of the engine is unstable;
- in and very clap;
- the power unit loses power and overcours out fuel;
- on the dashboard Maybe the BC gives an error;
- in the exhaust there is a clear smell of gasoline or diesel fuel;
By shade, smoke may vary in various cases from gray to thick black. The blackening arises from excess soot, which is formed as a result of the defective combustion of the fuel charge.
Small a black motor can be both "on the cold" and after warming up, during Peregazovok, etc. If the permanent black exhaust is noted on a diesel engine, then another reason can be failure or other solenk filter problems.
- The list of reasons that lead to violations of fuel feeds, mixing and combustion of the mixture is quite wide. On engines with a carburetor, you must begin checking from the metering device, the float chamber and the fuel level in it, as well as air and fuel jets.
- Even the attention should be paid to the idle system. In parallel, the ignition system is recommended on the injection and carburetor motor, since the failure of individual elements (spark plugs, high-voltage candle prooferry, coil, etc.) causes malfunctions in the operation of the engine and can lead to ignition pass.
- Another paragraph during the diagnosis is the inlet system, as pollution air filter It is a frequent reason for too "rich" mixture.
- We will add that in engine with an injector to the excess of the fuel supplied, the sensors fails. Invalid data is fed by, after which the controller initiates an enlarged fuel supply.
- In this case, the throttle assembly, an oxygen sensor and other elements should be checked. Relatively rarely, but it is also possible to fail electronic block Engine control.
- As for the power supply system, the nozzles themselves can become leaky and overflow the fuel into the cylinders. Such a problem is peculiar to both gasoline engines and diesel.
This can occur due to severe pollution, wear or other injector defects. On gasoline engines, check the fuel ramp and pressure regulator.
The danger of this situation is that with strong fuel overflow, not only consumption is increasing, fills the candles and other problems occur, but also a flammable oil film from the walls of the cylinders occurs. As a result, general wear is increasing during the launch. If a lot of fuel comes into the cylinder, which does not burn, then fuel can also be in abundance to the Carter DVS.
To check it will be enough to remove the oil dipstick and sniff the engine oil, assess its condition. A strong liquefaction and a distinct smell of fuel will indicate a significant overflow. In such a situation, the engine needs in-depth diagnostics, it may be necessary to clean, set up or even replacing fuel injectors.
SIZY smoke after running the motor
The blue color of exhaust gases or the SIZY shade is a sign that engine oil is actively entering the combustion chamber. Such a smoke is bluish, oil and thick. Outputs can be easily installed in a simple way.
It is enough to start the motor and lean your blank sheet of paper to the exhaust pipe. The presence of oily spots that do not dry, indicate the lubricant particles in the exhaust system. An additional feature can be considered an increased oil consumption, which noticeably exceeds the permissible indicator for this type of engine. The oil enters the combustion chamber for the following reasons:
- Significant wear of the elements of the CPG.
- Fault.
In the first case, we are talking about wear of the piston rings, the appearance of the defects of the piston itself or the walls of the cylinders (zadira, ellipseality, etc.). In the second case, the oil proceeds due to the fact that there is no proper seal in the valve rod area and the valve guide sleeve.
At the initial stage for repair, there may be enough replacement of valve seals (oil-challenged caps). The CPG state helps determine the measurement of compression in the engine.
If the reduction in cylinder compression is minor, then the engine can have a native or blue exhaust only after launching until the warming up. The fact is that after warming up the gaps between the details decrease, the oil stops falling into the combustion chamber.
In the case of highly enlarged gaps, the oil discharged from heating will still fall into the working chamber. If the car is equipped with a turbocharger, then a gray smoke after starting the motor or during its operation, it may be a consequence of malfunctions of this element.
In the case of the wear of the turbine bearings, as well as the rotor seals, the oil through the turbocharger will penetrate the release system and burn there. As a result, the exhaust pipe goes bluish smoke with lubrication particles.
Smoke from under the hood when starting the engine
The specified phenomenon can most often meet in the event that there is oil leakage in any place (seals, gaskets). Lubricant enters the exhaust manifold and begins to burn out as ICH is heated, and the driver sees smoke from the engine compartment.
Also should not be excluded and the possibility of falling out of foreign objects on the heated elements of the DVS or graduation system. A similar effect may cause fuel leak, which occurs due to loss of tightness of certain elements of the fuel supply system and fuel injection.
In both cases, the problem must be immediately solved, as the risk of fire and fire is significantly increased. open space. In parallel, the leakage in the exhaust system or turbocharge problems may also cause the smoke from under the hood when the motor starts or smokes is constantly during its work.
For example, the curvature of the flange of the receiving pipe or the start of the gasket will cause the appearance of smoke in motor compartment. You should also pay attention to whether it is worth a liquid car preheater Salon and engine.
The appearance of smoke from under the hood in this case is more characteristic of diesel units, as the preheating is more in demand for this type Motors. If simply, the heater on a particular car may be.
Since the device inside itself burns fuel, air supply is necessary for combustion of the portion of fuel, and the system should be implemented for removing gases after combustion. With unqualified independent installation Or for other reasons, the gas removal system from the heater can be derived so that the nozzle for removal of the exhaust goes to the subcontractable space.
Normally, the preheating fluid heaters are practically not smoke, and combustion products are displayed in the front wing area (behind the wheel). At the same time, certain malfunctions may well lead to the fact that the smoke appears from under the hood. In this case installed system Check separately.
As can be seen, to eliminate the cause of black, white or of blue color The exhaust in some cases can be enough to replace filters and cleaning the injector. At the same time, for other motors, the only way out will be replaced by worn items of CPG, timing or even overhaul Engine.
We add that if the engine began to unexpectedly smoke with a black exhaust at startup without explicit reasons, then at the very beginning it is recommended to change the fuel. The refueling of low-quality combustible or fuel with a high content of additives and impurities often leads to difficulties of smelting of the mixture and changing the color of exhaust gases.
We should not forget that from the phases of gas distribution, the quality of valve adjustment and normally putty ignition depends on the stability of the unit and the fullness of the combustion of the fuel mixture. The timing belt (if available) should be set strictly by tags, the thermal clearance of the valves must be carefully adjusted.
It should be noted that in the process of conducting primary diagnostics, you can, in the color of the water in the electrodes and the threaded part. For example, wet candles or black oily Nagar will additionally indicate the cause and severity of the problem. Finally add that to quickly find the malfunction of the injection gasoline or diesel engine It is recommended to immediately hold full computer diagnostic Engine.
Taking into account the low cost of this operation, you can identify malfunctions and malfunctions in the work of individual ECM sensors. You can also check the internal combustion engine for errors by itself with the help of a diagnostic adapter.
Read also
Black diesel engine exhaust. Sale from the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine, the causes of incomplete combustion of fuel. Defining basic faults.
Consider the situation when carburetor Engine a passenger car Small smoke smoke. Namely, the causes of this phenomenon associated with the carburetor malfunction. Why the blue smoke appears described in another article on this topic -, white smoke.
Signs of malfunction
The car's exhaust pipe comes black or dark gray smoke. The smoke can be of varying degrees from strong, to weak. Feeling smell of gasoline. Possible to the silencer. And the engine work is not stable. Fall and on the contrary, increases. On the spark plug black.
Small the engine can be at idle and under load (in motion).
Causes of engine smoke
At the heart of all the reasons for the appearance of black smoke from is a strong re-enrichment of the fuel mixture of the car entering the cylinder. Based on this, it is necessary to establish the cause of such a strong re-enclosure.
Here are some options:
1. It works incorrectly float camera Carburetor. The so-called "overflow" fuel.
What could be the problem:
- the fuel level above the norm;
5. Extra fuel in the carburetor through the idle system.
Accompanied by increased engine idle speed. It is necessary to pay special attention to the purity of air gibber SHS, as well as the presence and absence of damage to the fuel jets of the idle system.
Fuel and air jackets of Calburetor Cauccurator Ozone, Fuel Juger and Air Channel Holes SCHEX
You can clean the entire idling system entirely. This cleaner is described in articles, "Cleaning the idling system of the carburetor 2105, 2107 ozone."
Adjust idling speed.
6. The aperture of the fuel pump is damaged.
Gasoline returns to the oil. Burning in cylinders, this mixture gives smoky black and gray exhaust. Check and fix the fuel pump (gas station).
The aperture of the DAAZ fuel pump of cars VAZ
If you unexpectedly found that the smoke from the exhaust pipe of your car changed the color and became noticeably thicker than it should be, this reason to think seriously. The phenomenon of this kind is the sign of the problems arising from the machine. They can be extremely diverse:
- Fault fuel system or cooling system;
- Breakdowns in the ignition system;
- Wrong work of the gas distribution mechanism (timing);
- Any trouble with a cylinder-piston group (CPG).
Immediately causes of smoke - hit in the cylinder of extinct liquids (toosol and engine oil), or redundant receipt, and, as a result, incomplete or even abnormal combustion of fuel.
In some cases, smoke is a secondary sign of problems in any car system. In particular, malfunctions in the cooling system often entail the overheating of the motor, due to which the piston rings fail. Motor oil begins to fall into the cylinder, and appears smoke.
Since reasons possible faults Many, start the localization of the problem better with the definition of the color of smoke. In this article we will tell, what problems can mean smoke from the exhaust pipe, depending on their color. Causes of white smoke from the exhaust pipe:
The appearance of white smoke in some cases is a completely normal phenomenon if we talk about the first minutes of the work of the immense motor during the cold season. The reason for this is condensate in the exhaust system. But as the engine is heated, condensate and white smoke (which in fact steam) disappear.
In winter: It should be noted that the lower the temperature, the stronger the likelihood of white smoke is growing. Lower temperature directly proportionally affects the thickness of the steam: already at -10 ° C, the white smoke from the exhaust pipe on a heated engine does not disappear, and if the thermometer drops to -20 ° C, then a characteristic nuclear hue appears. Humidity of air contributes its contribution. If it is big, then the couple will be thick.
IN SUMMER: However, when you see the white smoke, and the engine is warm and the engine is warm, it promises bad news. SAMI probable reason White smoke from the exhaust pipe:
- Toosol hit in a cylinder, which is guaranteed when the cylinder head gasket (CLP) has lost its tightness. Since the coolant (coolant) has water in its composition, it evaporates under the influence high temperatures In the cylinder, but not all that leads to the appearance of white steam. True, it may not always be white: in some cases, the additives contained in Toslaz give it another shade, including the SIZY, which makes it difficult to determine the cause of smoke.
Checking the experimental way: pairs or sizy smoke?
It is possible to understand that it is a water vapor, you can in 2 ground.
- Firstly, couple quickly dissipates, whereas sIZY smokeappearing in the cylinder of engine oil for some time remains in the air.
- Secondly, you can arrange a check. It is to warm up the motor and attach a sheet of paper to the exhaust pipe for a short period of time. Then you need to consider it carefully: if it is a couple, nothing will be visible on the sheet, and it will remain as it was before checking. The smoke leaves oil trails, and the paper in this place becomes fat to the touch.
1)
It may happen that Tosol enters the cylinder not due to the fault that has come into disrete of the gasket, but because of the cracks in the engine or cylinder unit. With this development of events, the exhaust gases are often seeping into the coolant, forming a gas cork. Detect it pretty easy. Open the expansion tank. You should alert the characteristic smell inherent in exhaust gases, butter film on Tosol and low level Co. Next, run the motor (it should be cold) and swell the upper nozzle of the radiator - you must feel a strong pressure growth in it. Next, look at the expansion tank. The fluid level sharply went up, and it bubbles? So gases still fall into Tosol.
2) As the coolant when stopping the motor goes into the pallet of the crankcase, it begins to spoil the engine oil. When mixing these liquids, an emulsion is obtained, which has the property of foaming. After starting the engine, it starts to circulate along the lubricant system, and at the same time the foam formed the foam of the strange color (from blue-to-brown). Foam remains on the cover of the GBC and the plug of the neck, where the oil is poured. You can check its presence by pulling out the oil probe and the opening of the neck plug. But sometimes, if there is an incognent, the foam appears, but the oil is almost not spoiled.
3) However, when Tosol is poured by the river, it threatens very serious problems. It is not enough that the level of coolant rapidly falls and it turns oil into a foam emulsion, it can also happen to hydrate, since a large amount of Tosola is unable to evaporate, and therefore, accumulating, can prevent the movement of the piston. The consequences are extremely tragic - almost certainly the motor will show the "hand of friendship" (i.e. the broken rod runs a hole in the engine block).
4) Sometimes you can try to localize the problem more accurately. The fact is that the coolant has an interesting property: it wonderfully cleanses everything that falls on. Therefore, you will be very surprised when you unscrew the spark plugs and find that they are crystal clear, as if only from the store. You can learn about the leakage of antifreeze, armed with a rubber hose with an adapter or leakage tester and feeding air under pressure into the cylinder through the place of installation of the candle. If the level of coolant in the expansion tank increases, it means there is a leakage. It should be noted that when checking the crankshaft must be rotated so that all valves of the cylinder with the twisted candle are closed, and the machine stood on the transmission and on the handbrake.
5) A deeper diagnosis requires the removal of the GBC and its detailed inspection. Particular attention should be paid to the laying, heads, combustion chambers, valve plates and piston bottoms.
- It is better to start with the gasket, since it is its unsatisfactory state that is most often the cause of Tosla to the cylinder. It also does not interfere with the help of special tools to estimate the geometry of the GBC plane. If it was led due to overheating, the block head will have to be replaced. It should also be checked if there are cracks, for which the GBC must be checked for pressure tightness. At best, everything will be normal, and at worst - a crack will be discovered, which often appears near the saddle of the intake valve.
- Having finished with the head, look into the cylinder. To inspect the full, the piston needs to be moved to the bottom dead point. Your task is to search for cracks in the sleeve. This happens extremely rare, but nevertheless. This will not be a lot of work: the edges of the crack are always "polished" by piston rings.
There is a rather exotic way toosol in the cylinder - through the intake manifold. It happens because of the proceeding collector laying, provided that it is simultaneously laying channels, with which it is heated by coolant. Characteristic signs: The pressure in the cooling system does not grow, and the fluid itself does not stink by exhaust gases, but its level decreases and foam appears due to the conversion of engine oil into the emulsion.
White smoke from the exhaust pipe gasoline engine, typosh Tosola in Cylindermay also act as an indirect evidence of overheating of the motor due to problems in the cooling system. For this reason, the diagnosis is required and to her, because if the coolant went to the cylinder, it could happen because "led" head, and the ultimate culprit of all the troubles could become, for example, a watered water pump.
Black smoke from the exhaust pipe: Causes
If smoke coming from the exhaust pipe, a rich black shade and can even see the small particles of soot, it means that the air mixture is redcakened.
In other words, the fuel does not burn in the cylinder to the end, and afterburning occurs in the silencer. The above phenomenon occurs when the power system or ignition system is incorrect, as well as the electronic injection system, if the car is equipped with it.
As a rule, black smoke does not appear alone: \u200b\u200bit is accompanied by a high fuel consumption, difficult to launch a motor and its unstable work, and sometimes even the engine power drops.
Black smoke from the exhaust pipe: carburetor
If speak about power plants With carburetors, the culprit of all the troubles, most likely, is a faulty needle valve, due to which the fuel is overflow, or climbed jetters, through which the air stopped.
In addition, the incorrect ignition may become the cause of the problem.
Black smoke from the exhaust pipe: Injector
Injector motors can begin to smoke because there was a failure of any sensor (for example, air flow) or nozzles have become a leakage, which can cause hydratela (due to a large amount of fuel, which will literally flow into the cylinder), whose consequences are described above .
Black smoke from the exhaust pipe: diesel
The exhaust of diesel units of iscin-black in itself, however, the smoke occurs not only due to leakage nozzles, but as a result of their incorrect adjustment (i.e., if the injection advance angle is incorrectly adjusted). Also, the root of all angry may be a malfunction of high pressure fuel pump.
It is possible to operate the car in such a state, but it is extremely recommended. Because of a large volume of fuel entering the cylinder, it penetrates the pallet of the crankcase and spoils the oil, increasing its volume and giving a characteristic smell that negatively affects lubricating properties, bringing the entire motor as a whole and especially the CPG, which begins to wear much.
SIZY smoke from the exhaust pipe: Causes
If blue smoke goes from the muffler - this means that in the cylinder is not only the fuel-air mixture, but also the engine oil, which penetrated there in any way. Strictly speaking, the color of smoke can not be at all blue, but, for example, the sizo-blue, and the thickness is not always large: if there are few oils in the cylinder, then smoke will be liquid. For this reason, it can be easily confused with a white smoke. How to distinguish them from each other - read above. And yet, why does the blue smoke go from the exhaust pipe?
Naturally, the gray smoke on a heated engine appears not alone, but in the company with elevated oil consumption. As a rule, its consumption increases in average on the 0.5 l. on the 100 km. mileage, and in severe cases even per 1 liter What is characteristic, even with such a gigantic consumption you can not see the smoke if your machine is equipped with a neutralizer, because it cleans the exhaust gases and thus makes it difficult to find a problem.
Ways of getting into the cylinder in oil only 2. Either it seeps below through the piston rings, or vice versa, from above, through the gaps that were formed between the valve rods and guide bushings.
1) The most likely reason for the appearance of oil in the cylinder is wear Some details of CPG, first of all, piston rings. The rings that made their resource are unable to effectively remove the engine oil from the cylinder walls, which leads to the appearance of blue smoke. If a lubricants It turned out to be poor-quality, even new piston rings can faster and get into their grooves, which leads to a complete loss of their functionality.
2) Sometimes the cylinder himself turns out the cylinder of the smoke of blue. This happens when it is very worn and becomes an oval form of the survey, and rings Already can not till the wallsthat it causes excess oil from the fuel-air mixture. For this reason, when defecting, the cylinder is measured at several different points to control its condition in full.
3) The reason for the occurrence of problems may be damaged surface of the cylinderEspecially if the abrasive particles scratching the inner walls were killed in the oil.
4) When the car did not start a long, in the cylinder and rust may appear on the rings, which ultimately generates blue smoke. Fortunately, this is extremely rare, but if this is your case, without repairing piston or even its replacement is not to do.
5) By the way about repair. Violation of its technology in the form of too rough processing of the surface of the cylinder, non-compliance with its size or installation of defective pistons and / or rings also causes the appearance of blue smoke.
6) Often wear CPG leads to a decrease in compression with simultaneous increase in pressure of crankcase gases. You can check it with special devices, such as compressometer. But if there are many oils in the cylinder, it can compact the gaps, due to which the compression is lost, and as a result, when measuring, you will find that the indicators are normal. Such a phenomenon can impede the localization of malfunction, as a result of which blue smoke appeared.
7) In some cases, the "oil" smoke arises for a while and only during the warming of the motor, after which or is much reduced, or disappears at all. This happens if the wear of the CPG is small: the parts are heated and expanded by purchasing the optimal form. But if the piston has already developed its resource, the picture changes to the opposite: the heated oil becomes less viscous and almost freely penetrates into the cylinder through large gaps.
8) Very often one fault is drawn by another. For example, when detonation appears in the cylinder, piston rings suffer greatly, deforming or even breaking. Overheating of the engine leads to a change in the shape of the pistons, and they stop normally lay down to the walls of the cylinders.
9) Hydroat, which caused the cause of bending the connecting rod, leads to the same effect, exactly as the piston collision with the valve due to trick belt timber. All this is capable of leading to the fact that you will have a blue smoke from the exhaust pipe.
10) As already mentioned, the oil in the cylinder can penetrate not only below, but on top, which happens when Worn rods valvesending bushings and valve stem seals. Recognize the situation when the oil flows through them, you can, vapor the blue smoke. If its release is enhanced when the motor is heated, then the reason for the appearance lies in some RAC items. Another characteristic feature is to increase smoking at idle and when braking with the help of the engine. This happens because in these modes of operation of the motor in the intake manifold a strong discharge is formed, and oil under its action flows faster in the cylinder over the valve rod. When the driver presses the gas, smoke from the pipe for a short time becomes more dense.
11) Sometimes the increase in the flow of oil and the smoke appears when the engine "Troit" (that is, some cylinder does not participate in the operation of the motor). This happens, for example, when the ignition system breaks or if the valve of this cylinder burned. In progress, smoke is painted into a bluish-white color. The diagnosis is extremely simple: compression in this cylinder will not be, and the ignition candle will turn out to be in abundant black ingar.
- It costs to notice that the above-described faults rarely occur in several cylinders. No, everything usually begins with one, and find it difficult, but you can. First of all, the ignition candles should be unscrewed and appreciated the magnitude of the nagar on them. Where it is more, there is a problem with a great degree of likelihood.
It is also necessary to measure and compare compression in the cylinders. If you hear extraneous noise in the form of knocks that occur and changing when changing the number of rotor of the motor, its loads and heating, try to localize them.
12) A special case for power aggregates The turbine is the appearance of blue smoke due to the faults of bearings and the rotor seal due to the wear of these parts. If the problem is in the bearing seal, then the oil leaks from under it, forming a puddle in the inlet nozzle. But when the reason lies in the turbine itself, the diagnosis is very complicated, because the oil burns in the silencer, without leaving almost no trace.
13) There is a very exotic fault that causes smoke. Inherent in it machines with automatic KPPequipped with a vacuum load sensor. Occasionally it happens that the regulator membrane is destroyed. From her cavity to inlet collector there is a hose and if dry membrane, Motor drags oil from the box through it, which turns out to be in the cylinders, next to whom the vacuum selection is made. Often, in this case, the oil literally fills the spark plugs.
To diagnose, you need to turn them out if they are covered with butter or in a nagar of a reddish shade (and oil for automatic gearboxAs a rule, it is like that color) and candles strange, it doesn't seem like that, smell, then you should go to the service without waiting for problems with the gearbox.
In conclusion, I would like to say that if you discovered smoking at your car, try not to travel on it, but immediately start looking for the cause of the fault with your own hands or going to the service. Ignoring the problem will lead you to great financial and temporary costs, and in the worst case - to replacing the entire engine with all the ensuing consequences.
- How to purchase a car in another region: detailed guide to the renewal of the car in another region
- Rules for transportation of children in the bus
- Is it possible and how to properly remove from the traffic police to the former owner of the car sold under the sale contract?
- Explained by the Supreme Court