Adding water to the fuel mixture. Water injection into the car engine

The motor can be installed with minimal intervention in the design.

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What is needed and how water injection works in the engine: pros and cons

To start a little story. The very idea of \u200b\u200bthe injection of water in the motor is more than a hundred years. The largest practical application is such a system in aviation in relation to piston aircraft.

In the 1940s, German and American pilots, as well as pilots from other countries actively used water injection in order to increase the capacity of their aircraft workers. More precisely, in power units Injected a mixture of water and methanol.

However, after the advent of the jet engine, most of the work on the improvement of the water injection system was minimized. Only closer to the 1980th water injection began to be applied again, but now on cars. In other words, the specified solution was the method of tuning and forcing the piston car engine, is actively used in motor racing.

• Now let's take a look like water can provide additional power, efficiency, and what advantages have a way. First of all, the water injection is implemented in through a special nozzle. It turns out, water is sprayed and becomes another component in the fuel and air mixture of gasoline and air.
• As a result, the combustible mixture receives efficient cooling after the injection of water, also the fuel charge with water particles becomes "heavier", such a dense charge in the cylinders is stronger before ignition. Work on such a mixture in some cases slightly reduces the overall toxicity of the exhaust.

At the same time, the combustion rate of the mixture slows down, that is, the engine is not at risk of fuel. The temperature in the combustion chamber also decreases. Such are the main advantages of the system in case it was decided to establish the injection of water in, gasoline or, etc.

• However, there are also cons. A more significant disadvantage is the instability of the motor operation at a fully open throttle, as well as when the rotational speed is not high, the machine moves at low speed. These nuances arise due to the fact that the water is not quite evenly distributed over the motor cylinders.
• Another unpleasant moment can be considered a prerequisite to use exceptionally pure distilled water. The fact is that for the efficient operation of the entire system, it is necessary to submit 10 kg. Fuel about 2 kg. water. It is quite obvious that with a 1/5 ratio, the use of ordinary water will lead to the fact that with each 2 kg. Water in the combustion chamber will be postponed about 200 mg. salts and other impurities.

As a result, the engine will be out of standing after 100-150 hours of work. It is for this reason that for the water injection system, a preliminary quality cleaning of the base component is needed. As for practical benefits, to increase only the detonation threshold much easier to use chemical additives into fuel than to fight detonation using water additive to the working mixture.

The list of minuses also noted the fact that in frosts to use this injection system is quite difficult, since the water simply freezes. The use of alcohol additives can solve the problem only with insignificant cooling. With the onset of severe frosts, the entire system needs to be removed or drained water, and then turn off.

So let's deal with how to make water injection in injector Engine or carburetor motor. Immediately we note that there are ready-made installation kits for the implementation of such injection.

The kit contains special nozzles, tank, control device for precise water dosing, pump, hoses, and other elements required for installation. The main disadvantage can be considered very high cost Kit (about 2.5 - 3 thousand cu).

For this reason, enthusiasts prefer to realize the task on their own.

• As a rule, water nozzle with a special nozzle for the best spraying put in intake manifold, where the installation area becomes an injector or carburetor.
• Next, the water on the nozzle gives the pump, which is mounted in the cabin. For these purposes, the electric pump 12 V.
• Water comes from the tank (often use the additionally installed windshield washer tank);

In the case of the carburetor, the next simple option excluding the nozzle is also applied:

• All elements of the system listed above are connected using rubber tubes or tubes from a medical dropper.
• Next to the tube installed at the outlet of the pump, the needle is made of the syringe.
• This needle should pierce the ignition protrusion regulator rubber tube.
• Next, you should lock the needle with the help of sealant. From the thickness of the needle will depend on the amount of water that is served.

The method is also used when the tube from the dropper connects to a predetermined hole in the first chamber of the carburetor. In this case, the water will be delayed into the engine through a vacuum, reminding the principle of operation of the sprayer.

Most often, the scheme is implemented in such a way that the driver itself physically includes a swift through the switch, receiving a temporary increase in power. The main feature is the exact setting of the self-made system, taking into account the performance of the electric pump. It is recommended to adhere to the proportions in the ratio of water / air 1 to 10 or or 1 to 14-and, that is, 30-35 liters for the engine with a working volume of 1500 cm3.

Water during injection becomes a small substance, particles are of size about 0.01 mm. Such a particle is immediately enveloped by fatty gasoline. As a result, the mixture becomes a homogeneous (homogeneous TVC), evenly and fully fills the combustion chamber. On such a mixture, the motor demonstrates a larger efficiency, a detonation threshold is moved.

It is very important to understand that the excess amount of water in the inlet can lead to the engine hydrodar, that is, to its serious breakdown. We also note that in the case of atmospheric engines Do not expect a significant increase in power and torque. For such aggregates, the main plus can be considered better resistance to detonation.

As for engines with turbocharged, in this case, noticeable advantages are a little more. On such engines, the water injection nozzle is installed behind the turbocharger or in the intercooler. As a result, it is possible to effectively reduce the temperature of the working mixture entering the cylinders. Finished branded waters in the engine reduce this indicator to 40-60 degrees Celsius.

As a result, it turns out that for compression of a cold mixture, the engine spends less energy. Also in the cylinders it is possible to apply more oxygen. At the very beginning it may seem that, after entering hot engineers, the water begins to actively evaporate, that is, the places for oxygen remains less. However, during the evaporation of water, it increases in volume, that is, there is an increase in pressure in the cylinder. This allows 7-10% to increase the power of the turbogo.

It should be paid to the fact that it is not possible to optimally submit to the motor not just distilled water, but a mixture of alcohol and water in a 1/1 ratio. Such a water-alcohol additive is better sprayed, as a result, a fine mixture of water, air, alcohol and gasoline is formed.

If water allowed mainly to reduce detonation and better cool the mixture, the presence in the methanol mixture provided a number of additional advantages. The fact is that the speed of burning alcohol is much slower than the same gasoline. As a result, the pressure in the cylinder is growing smooth, which allows you to increase the torque in relation to the number of crankshaft turns.

I would like to once again note that water for injection should be distilled in order to eliminate the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber. It is also necessary to strive for the best spraying, as a larger number of particles makes it possible to achieve improved heat exchange and subsequent evaporation of water.

This means that a powerful pump is needed and a separate nozzle sprayer. For this reason, the method with a needle from the syringe by many specialists and experienced tuners is questioned.

Let's summarize

Finally, add that even the finished injection kit will not be able to use normally without a preliminary fine tuning injector or carburetor Engine. In other words, additional manipulations with the composition of the mixture () will be required, an increase in air pressure during supervision, the ignition correction to the earlier, etc.

It turns out to buy a ready-made kit or make the injection of water with your own hands you can not be considered a finished solution. It is much more important to correctly adjust the engine and the system itself, taking into account the dosed supply of a qualitatively sprayed mixture of distilled water and methanol.

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Do you know that even the most perfect gas engine Loses an approximate fifth part of the fuel on tasks that are not directly related to the car drive in motion? Some gasoline is used for cooling - especially when high revolutions Engine. With the help of the new system, Bosch demonstrated a possible alternative: water injection, for example, with a rapid acceleration or during a speedway motorway, saves up to 13% of fuel. "Our water injection system demonstrates that the engine internal combustion Some trumps are still seized in the sleeve, "says Dr. Rolf Bulander, a member of the Board of Directors of Robert Bosch GmbH and the Chairman of the Board of the Business Direction of Mobility Decisions. Fuel economy that offers new systemEspecially tangible in small three and four-cylinder engines: it is precisely such that can be found under the hood of most medium-sized cars.

Additional pulse for turbocharged engine

The relevance of innovation is not only in fuel economy. This technology also allows you to increase the engine power. "The water injection can give an additional impetus to any turbomotor," says Stefan Cheybert, president of the Robert Bosch GmbH gasoline system division. - The earlier ignition advance angle makes the engine work more efficient. Based on this, engineers can get additional power out of the engine even in sports cars.

Innovative technology is based on the fact that the engine should not overheat. In order to prevent overheating, additional fuel is injected in almost every gasoline engine. Evaporating, it cools the details. While working with the water injection system, the same physical principle was used. Before fuel ignites, fine water dust is injected into the intake manifold. The high speed of water vaporization means that it provides efficient cooling.

For the same reason, only a small amount of water is sufficient: only a hundred milliliters of fluid is required for every hundred kilometers. As a result, the compact tank for distilled water, supplying the injection system, should be replenished with periodicity times of several thousand kilometers.

If the reserve of distilled water is impossible to replenish, there are no reasons for concern: the engine will still work without interruptions - although without increasing torque and reduced fuel consumption, which provides water injection.

First vehiclewhich demonstrates an innovative water injection system, is a sports car BMW M4 GTS. In its turbocked six-cylinder engine, this technology provides improved characteristics and reduces fuel consumption even with full load.

During test tests (WLTC), it was demonstrated that water injection allows to save up to 4% of fuel. In real road conditions This figure may be even higher: fuel consumption can be reduced to 13% during rapid acceleration or speedway motorway.

- Will the water injection cause the engine corrosion?

Not. In the combustion chamber there is no water at all. It evaporates before the engine is the combustion process. All water is thrown into environment Together with exhaust gases.

- How are water reserves come true?

To maintain the injection system, you need to have with you only a small amount of distilled water - it is it used to replenish a special tank. On average, it is required to attach water every 3 thousand km.

- Can the water in the reservoir can freeze?

When the engine ceases to work, water flows back to the tank where it can freeze. After the engine resumes work, water gradually fatters.

- Is there an immediate water injection?

Yes. This is the water injection system in the intake manifold, since such a system has technical advantages And it costs much cheaper. This makes it possible to use it different types Vehicle.

"Just add water". The once known advertising slogan receives a new content. Bosch is constantly working on improving the direct fuel injection systems. One of its new developments is water injection system in the engine.

In the last century, the water injection into the engine has already been used on GENERAL MOTORS cars, Saab. But with the advent of the intercooler engine, cooling intake air, the need for water injection system disappeared. The system continues to be applied in motor racing, but also here it is not in width. In the races of formula-1 and the WRC system is prohibited by the Rules.

System Waterboost. From Bosch opens a new page in the history of water injection into the engine. Today is the majority electronic systems Fuel injection is programmed to an additional fuel supply at high loads. Additional fuel (up to 20% of the total) is necessary for cooling the combustion chamber and reduce the combustion temperature of the fuel and air mixture.

For cooling in the Waterboost system, water is used instead of gasoline. Water actively cools the fuel and air mixture, due to which the resistance to detonation increases, is performed more early ignition And, in course, the engine performance increases. As the developer declares, the water injection system into the engine increases the engine power by 5%, reduces the fuel consumption, by 4%, reduces the election of carbon dioxide. In general, everything is plus.

Water injection system design includes a water tank, water pump and water nozzles. Electronic water injection control is performed by the engine control system. The five-liter distilled water tank is enough for 5000 km of way. But even if the water in the tank end, it does not deliver harm to the engine. The motor will not develop maximum power and increase fuel consumption. Do not worry about the possible freezing of water in the tank. As soon as the engine heats podcast space, water in the tank melts.

The first automaker, which brought Bosch's development before introducing, was BMW. Today, BMW sets the water injection system on M-series cars, providing security on MotoGP races. Also, the water injection system is tested on the BMW prototype of the 1st series.

The water injection system into the engine pumps water from the tank and sprays it in the intake manifold, which reaches a decrease in the combustion temperature of the mixture to 25 ° C. This allows BMW to use a compression ratio of 11: 1, instead of a permissible ratio of 9.5: 1. Due to the higher compression, the fuel consumption is reduced by 8% and the torque and engine power increases by 10%.

Lower combustion temperature of the mixture reduces the load on

The phrase "water injection into the cylinders" sounds ridiculous, because every car owner knows perfectly well that this fluid getting into the engine threatens the hydroudar and failure of the power unit. Nevertheless, this version of the motor forcing successfully was used in the first half of the last century.

True, the initial goal of engineers was not an increase in the power of the engine, but the fight against the detonation of the fuel and air mixture in the cylinders.

Effect on the presence of water in the composition of the combustible mixture

As already mentioned, initial water injection was used to combat detonation. However, as a rule, a solution of water and methyl alcohol was used in various proportions. Experienced way It was found that the optimal ratio is 50/50. The solution itself plays the role of an anti-knock additive, and the engine forcing was initially a side effect that did not know immediately. In addition, water is an antioxidant and prevents the formation of carbon deposits in combustion chambers.

What happens in combustion chambers when injection of aqueous solution of methanol?

1. Water has a high heat capacity, due to which the temperature in the CBO cylinders is significantly reduced.
2. Since more cold air Squeeze much easier, energy during the compression time is significantly less spent, i.e. the engine efficiency increases.
3. In addition, it appears the ability to drive more air into cylinders, and water, evaporating, creates additional pressure, increasing the compression ratio.
4. The liquid enters the cylinders in the spray state, and is instantly enveloped by gasoline particles, as a result, the working mixture becomes more homogeneous, fills all the available space, and burns more evenly. This provides additional efficiency of efficiency and reduces the likelihood of detonation. In this way, power of DVS It increases by about 10%.

As for methyl alcohol, the process of its combustion proceeds at a lesser speed than that of gasoline, therefore, the pressure growth in the cylinders proceeds more smoothly, and the maximum value is achieved later. As a result, the torque and power increases.

Ideally, the greatest amount of water should be injected at the peak of the moment. The ratio of water and air should be between 1/10 to 1/14. With a smaller amount of air, the working mixture will not be completely burned out, as the "shots" in the silencer can be spoken, and with a lack of water, detonation may occur.

Brief excursion in history

For cars of the first half of the twentieth century, the power of the internal combustion engine did not have a decisive value. Unlike autocontstructors, airliners fought hardly for each horsepower. For this reason, the injection of water, or rather its mixture with methanol, was first used in mass quantities precisely on aircraft during the operation of the DVC in the forge mode.

The pioneer in this area was the German messershmitt BF.109 G-6 ("Gustav"). It is on this fighter that the release of which began in the fall of 1942, the MW 50 system was installed (from Metanol-Wasser), the number indicated the percentage of methyl alcohol. There were other systems: MW 0, MW 30, MW 75 and even MW 100, injection pure methanol. However, the practice has shown that the best forcing of the engine is achieved when the 50% alcohol injection injection.

If we talk about specific figures, then the engine of this "messer" on the forples without the injection of methanol at an altitude of 1 km developed the capacity of 1575 liters. with., and the included MW 50 system has added 225 liters. from. (The total power increased to 1800 liters. p.). As a result maximum speed The aircraft increased by about 40 km / h, which gave a great advantage in battle.

The water injection was found in American aviation. Soviet engineers did not go on experienced samples. Next, with the advent jet engines The question of the need for water injection into piston engines of internal combustion of aircraft disappeared by itself.

How does water injection system work

The principle of its work is simple: a nozzle is installed in the engine intake manifold, through which water enters. When the motor is running, the following happens: first in the intake manifold the fuel and air mixture enters, then water is injected there, which cools the fuel and air mixture entering the cylinders.

Due to the fact that gasoline particles envelop the microclip of water, the mass fraction of fuel increases, and due to the unfortunate liquid, the degree of compression increases in the combustion chambers. The speed of burning gasoline, mixed with water, significantly falls, therefore, the conditions contributing to the detonation of the working mixture may not occur.

It should be remembered that the modified composition of the working mixture in the engine cylinders affects the composition of the exhaust gases. Thus, the concentration of carbon and nitrogen oxides is significantly reduced, but the proportion of hydrocarbons increases.

Forged in this way, the DVS can periodically work unstable. Most often, this happens when moving at low speed with a fully open throttle. The reason is that the injection system is configured incorrectly, as a result of which an excessive or insufficient liquid falls into the intake manifold.

If the system is manufactured and installed with your own hands, you should carefully choose suitable pump and nozzle. Only in this case:

• water injection in the intake manifold will be stable;
• the liquid will be supplied in a small form.

On the organ when mentioning the water injection system into the cylinder skeptically chops: if the car engine receives hydrate, nothing good will come out of it. But one thing when, when driving a deep puddles in the engine through the intake path, a large amount of water is triggered, which is trying to compress the piston - this leads to the destruction of the connecting rod-piston group ... completely different - the point injection of a special mixture into the combustion chamber.

How it works?

The water injection system is most often used on high-profile engines to improve their characteristics. Where does additional power come from? There are several variations of the system, differing only in the installation points. To do this, a special nozzle is installed in the intake manifold, a water-metal mixture in the intake path, which is mixed with the fuel mixture supplied to the combustion chamber.

Why precisely a mixture of water with alcohol? First, such a liquid freezes with more low temperaturesAnd secondly, water with alcohol has the best dissipation, which is formed a more uniform mixture and the temperature in the intake manifold decreases. Due to the fine drops, the mixture is cooled, which makes it possible to increase the degree of compression, as well as reduce the burning rate of the mixture in the cylinders, and this reduces the possibility of detonation. Also, the decrease in the combustion temperature of the fuel and water mixture affects the chemical processes in the combustion chamber, which reduces the concentration harmful emissions Nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Experiments of Russian designers on diesel engines Experimental systems showed a decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions in three or four times, and CO2 emissions are 1.2 times.

It would seem that one advantages! But, like everything in the world, there are no ideal things. In the exhaust gases, the concentration of unburned hydrocarbons increases, which slightly increases the consumption of car fuel consumption. At low speed or fully open throttle, the engine can work unstable.

One of the key causes is an uneven distribution of fluid in cylinders - in some of them the depleted mixture is inevitably created. Usually such a problem can be solved by installing the system with individual nozzles for each of the cylinders managed by a computer.

In addition, users often forget that it is necessary to fill in the system only distilled water. After all, salts dissolved in ordinary water can lead to the formation of a car in combustion chambers, and, as a result, reduce the engine resource. Look at the scale in the kettle - you do not want such a nastiness and inside the cylinders?

What started?

For the first time in the world practice, the water injection into the engine cylinders was used by the Hungarian engineer BCNKI at the beginning of the 20th century. A few years later, Professor Hopkinson from England successfully applied the experimental water injection system to improve the characteristics of industrial engines. And the greatest contribution was made by Harry Ricardo, the creator of the same name of the brand engaged in the release of automotive components. On his account - numerous studies, several patents and even the monograph of High-Speed \u200b\u200bInternal Combustion Engine, in which the methods and tests of engines with water injection are described in detail.

As a result of all the tests, Ricardo introduced the engine equipped with a water mixture injection system with methanol, due to which it was possible to achieve an increase in the characteristics of the motor almost twice! Wide use of water metal mixtures were found during World War II. The first violin was played by aviators, which in pursuit of speeds and height were looking for any tricks to squeeze the maximum power from piston engines, by the end of the war, they still replaced with reactive aviation.

In 1942, the FOCKE-WULF 190 D-9, equipped with an injection system of the water metal mixture, was admitted to German Air Force of Germany. And he was not the only one in his way in Luftwaffe. A similar injection system was equipped with Daimler-Benz 605 and BMW 801D engines for Messerschmidt BF-109, as well as Junkers Jumo 213A-1. It is worth noting that the aircraft engines of that time have already had turbocharging systems, and water injection, in fact, played the role of intercoral. The water metal mixture of MW-50 was injected into the inlet path of the aviation engine, where he was mixed with the fuel mixture, rushing into the combustion chamber. As a result of contact with the hot walls of cylinders, the water turned into a pair, which expanding, created in the cylinder overpressure, and the pre-cooling of the fuel mixture on the inlet contributed to an increase in its volume in the cylinder and improved the efficiency of fuel combustion. As a result, power german engines Briefly increased by 20-30 percent, which gave the last advantages for a set of height and maximum speed.

In the photo: Messerschmitt BF-109

Own water injection systems have developed allies. Thus, the American company Pratt & Whitney in its engine J57 for B-29 bombarder installed a similar system to increase the characteristics of the engine on small and medium heights. A similar system was successfully used on fighters. In 1943, by order of NCAP, Motor Plant No. 45 was to develop documentation for the Soviet water injection system for AM-38F engines. An experienced party of five IL-2 aircraft equipped with a water injection engine was built at factory No. 18, however, after the test, the system was recognized too expensive and difficult in the setup.

What cars used?

With the development at the end of the war of jet engines, work on increasing the power of piston units was practically minimized, and the rich experience of the forcing went to the background. But the systems remembered the automotive companies. The first injection of the water metal mixture on the serial car began to apply Americans from General Motors, which such a system was needed to increase the detonation resistance of the Turbomobile OLDSMobile F-85 JetFire. What happened from this.

Another manufacturer who remembered useful properties The water metal mixture was Swedish Saab, where until the beginning of the 1980s, the water injection system was installed. True, with the advent of intercoolers, cooling air in the intake path, such systems on serial cars Smoothly sued no, but were not forgotten in motor racing.

In 1983, the teams of Formula 1 Renault and Ferrari set the water injection system for their cars, which allowed the Italians eventually take the first place in the constructors Cup. On machines, tanks of 12 liters were installed for storing a mixture of alcohol and water, a pressure regulator and a water pump, but subsequently like that.

In the photo: Renault RE40 "1983

Similar systems have tried to introduce in the mid-1990s in WRC, but they also received a ban through short time, as in the lesmanship sportsproces. A very widespread tanks with water received from American riders on the ¼ mile. The mighty American "eights" of drossov, equipped with mechanical superchargers, demanded a serious cooling, and the intercoolers have not yet become widespread. Then some bright heads and remembered the beneficial properties of the water-alcohol mixture supplied to the engine. Thus, the Porsche 911 supercar, refined by 9ff, in 2005, set a speed record of 388 km / h for cars officially certified for public roads. His opposite "six" with two turbochargers for a couple with conventional intercoolers was also equipped with a water injection system.

Water injection, our days

For a while, interest in systems from manufacturers of UGAS, but in 2015, BMW motors decided to apply the water injection no longer to increase power, but to reduce gasoline consumption. The first car, who tested the water injection system with methanol, became the BMW M4 pace car, participating in Motogp races. But if there was an ordinary nozzle supplying the mixture in the intake manifold, then on an experienced three-cylinder turbo engine, a working volume of 1.5 liters was more advanced.

Water mixes with fuel mixture using fuel pump high pressure Bosch, acting only on motor revolutions Over 4,000. The water-fuel mixture via the nozzle is injected into the combustion chamber itself. As a result, the power of the 2016 engine increased by 14 liters. C. The detonation engine resistance has increased, which made it possible to raise the compression ratio from 9.5: 1 to 11.0: 1 and in general, improve the return of the motor on low and medium turns. The volume of water tank with heated is 7 liters, and under normal conditions, the car consumes about 1.5 liters of water per 100 km of way, which means the need to replenish the system almost every 500 kilometers.

In the photo: BMW M4 Coupé Motogp Safety Car (F82) "2015

However, BMW engineers have provided other ways of water production: when the air conditioner is operating, condensate from the system is automatically merged into the tank. All these tricks allow you to save almost 8% of fuel per 100 km of a mixed cycle, and a particularly efficient system can work in a pair with a hybrid drive. True, such hybrids in BMW are so silent.

The serial release of engines with the water-fusion injection system should begin at the end of this year, and such BMW will be supplied to Russia. On our happiness, due to the increased resistance to detonation, these machines will be less demanding towards the octane number - it will be possible to refuel the usual AI-95.

Is it possible to put such a system on your car?

If I really want, you can. After reading the Internet, the craftsmen make homemade systems using the dropper as elements, medical syringes and other products are installed in the intake manifold for throttle valve And ... Such systems work.

However, all the advantages from the increased power or torque are crossed by one greater minus. After all, in fact, such a samopal simply pours a huge amount of water into the collector, without spraying it, as a result of which the water suspension enters all cylinders unevenly. We have already spoken about the consequences above - in some water cylinders more than in the rest, which leads to the dining of the mixture in individual cylinders and uneven operation of the motor. In the worst case, the amount of water entered into the cylinder is so large, which leads to a chance to get the most notorious hydrate.

For those who have a little more money, tuning-accessories sellers offer a set of high pump (about 5-10 bar) pressure, electronic block pump control, nozzles for the injection of the mixture and, naturally, the tank for water. In the most expensive systems An applied valve that regulates the pressure and the amount of water received.

The principle of operation of such a system is simple: the control unit connected to the engine air flow sensor analyzes the information obtained and calculates the water supply by giving the pump to the pump.

Despite the seeming simplicity, and here there are certain difficulties. The water injection occurs only on certain modes of engine operation, usually similar systems work when engine revolutions over 3,000 rpm. In addition, the system almost does not control the flow of the mixture, but only gives the command to turn on / off the pump. The main restriction on the amount of injected water is only the performance of the nozzle itself.

By the way, while the block gives the pump to the launch pump until the pump turns on and starts pumping water, there is a delay between sending commands to the fuel injection and water injection, which inevitably reduces the efficiency of the entire system.

The main specialists on water injection systems for car engines Designers of the British company Aquamist were recognized, in the 1990s, supplied WRC bunds kits until they were forbidden. And the price of tuning whales ranges in the area of \u200b\u200b3,000 dollars. In general, while the injection of water remains fairly exotic, expensive and, put the hand on the heart, not so much effective tool Forsion.