How much should be the level of electrolyte in the battery. Methods for checking the level of electrolyte in accumulatory batteries of different types

Rechargeable battery is a relatively short-lived product to be replaced after a certain run. Extend the service life helps control of the level of electrolyte, its density, charge level.

Without the use of special tools, only the level of electrolyte can be monitored to check the rest, it is better to refer to specialists or pay attention to indirect performance of electrical equipment.

How should it be normal?

Lead battery is a rechargeable source of electric current. It has been produced for more than 100 years, as it has a simple design, popular and easily produced by the modern industry. For a hundred years, he has undergone many changes, but even now new technological solutions appear.

The battery is based on redox reactions occurring between lead plates and sulfuric acid solutions. In case of discharge, the electrons of sulfuric acid bind to atoms of porous lead, when charging, lead is released back, the number of ions in the acid solution increases and the electrolyte density increases.

The ratio of distilled water and sulfuric acid in akb. It is selected for the most optimal passage of charge processes - discharge. The best density should be 1.27 g / cm 3. A discharged battery density is significantly lower - in winter, the battery can even freeze if it is strongly discharged. But in general, the density fluctuates around the value in 1.27 g / cm 3.

When working inside the battery, the density and electrolyte level are interrelated. Less electrolyte volume is higher density, and vice versa. If you do not regularly check the level of electrolyte, it can be lower than the level of lead plates.

Important!Operation of the battery with bare lead plates will lead to an irreversible breakdown.

What level should be normal? -Normal electrolyte level - 10-15 mm above lead plates. It is enough so that when moving the car, the plates were completely immersed in the electrolyte. With a change in the level of electrolyte, the balance of reactions is broken, which leads to a minimum fast wear Akb. The low level of electrolyte is almost always a sign of increasing electrolyte density.

Causes of liquid change

Due to the characteristics of the battery operation, the level and density of the electrolyte decreases. This happens almost always, even in non-listed batteries. In most cases, with time, the density increases, because sulfuric acid is not exposed to evaporation or hydrolysis, in contrast to water. In fact, the water level in the electrolyte changes.

This happens for the following reasons:

Important! Measure density and level only after complete charge.

Low level adversely affects performance characteristics Batteries - concentrated acid easily corrosive leads and its salts are settled on the plates and the bottom, sulfatizing the battery and the closure banks. To extend battery life, you need to periodically monitor the density and level of electrolyte.

How to check?

It is not difficult to serve the battery with your own hands, it does not require expensive devices for this. Checking the level of electrolyte is a simple and uncomplicated procedure, but here there are nuances here.

Attention!Acid splashes can damage the skin, mucous, eye surface! Use safety glasses, respirator, rubber gloves. With damage to organs or splashing the electrolyte, it can be neutralized with a weak solution of food soda. If there is no soda under hand - any soda gas production.

When handling accumulators, you can not allow sharp movements, shots, push. All work should be done carefully and correctly selected tool.

Video about the level of electrolyte level

Visual instruction.

How to determine in the non-serving battery?

The status of non-servant batteries wear several types - gel, fiberglass and labyrinth cap. It is possible to serve only the latter, drilled in a hole cover to access the jar. If there are GEL or AGM letters on the sticker, interference with the battery can lead to its failure.

Often to verify the level of electrolyte there are special "eyes", and explains in detail how to use them.

After intervention, the labyrinth cover will be broken, and the battery becomes usual. After checking the level of the opening, they are stuck in suitable plastic plugs. When drilling holes, it is impossible to make chips inside the jet. How to make it right you can read

It is impossible to carry out the maintenance of high-tech batteries without visible causes - only if there are complaints in work and still have to buy a new one - only in this case you can open hermetic cans.

What if the level is low

If the level turned out to be insignificantly lower, you can simply add disticted water to the level and put the battery for charging. Do not precise drinking or mineral water - it will significantly reduce the durability of the battery.

But with a strong drop in level, be sure to measure the electrolyte density. This is done by a special device - a steeometer, and about how to determine the density level Separate article.

Depending on the testimony of the area, you need to add distilled water, the usual battery electrolyte or a concentrated electrolyte, bringing the density to 1.27 mg / cm 3.

Density and level in all banks should be the same, this indicator is extremely important for the operation of the AKB.

Conclusion

As can be seen, the electrolyte level affects the efficient battery operation. The "overfit" or "empty" battery is much weaker than the starter turns, do not perceive the charging, independently discharged during the parking lots.

Its control helps to understand the state of the battery, extend its service life and avoid sudden breakdowns.

The electrolyte is a mixture of sulfuric acid and distilled water. It is not a taking part of any battery. It is very important to monitor its condition and level and, if necessary, to add or change. Otherwise, the battery may fail.

Creature

What is the electrolyte in the battery

In lead-acid batteries, electrochemical processes occur, due to which electricity is obtained. These processes are possible only with the direct participation of electrolyte.

Akb has negatively and positively charged plates. Their composition includes lead current items. They can have different additives, on which the type of battery depends.

Depending on the density of the electrolyte, the degree of charge of the battery depends. If it is increased, the battery will be recharged, and the aggressive environment can harm the battery at all. When it is lowered, the battery will be discharged. The density of concentrated acid for the battery is 1.835. In order to lead to a normal indicator, it is necessary to use distilled water.

The range of indicators of a normally charged battery is in the range of 1.23 - 1.25 GR / cm3. When the engine start, the inclusion of audio and light elements is discharged AKB. This is due to the flow of an electrochemical reaction. The substance loses with sulfuric acid, resulting in a drop in density and discharge of the battery.

How much electrolyte should be in the battery

The owner of the car must constantly monitor the level of electrolyte. If it decreases, it will be necessary to pretend distilled water. Depending on the battery capacity, the volume of the mixture will depend on:

• 55 Ah - 2.5 l;
• 60 Ah - 2.7-3 l;
• 62 Ah - about 3 l;
• 65 Ah - about 3.5 l;
• 75 Ah - 3.7-4 l;
• 90 Ah - 4.4-4.8 l;
• 190 Ah - about 10 liters.

Depending on the manufacturer, technology and models, these figures can be varied, so they are conditional. The main thing is to remember that the electrolyte must completely cover the plates by 10-15 mm and they should not act in any case.

Sensor on battery lid

How to check the electrolyte level in the battery

Most Akb on banks have a scale with the MIN and MAX value that the electrolyte must be in this range. There are models with plastic tongues under traffic jams falling inside cans, they must be immersed in a 5 mm liquid.

Modern batteries are equipped with a special sensor on the housing, which speaks of a low level of electrolyte and the degree of battery discharge.

If for some reason no designations are not, then you can resort to the following way:

1. Take a non-greater clean tube;
2. Wipe the battery housing completely and dry;
3. Unscrew the covers from all cans;
4. At right angles, we lower the tube into the jar and touch its plates;
5. Tightly clamp a finger upper hole tube;
6. Gently pull out and measure the height of the liquid (there must be at the level of 10-15 mm);
7. We repeat the procedure with all banks.

If there are no mixtures in the banks, it will be necessary to add distilled water. It is necessary to add up until the plates are completely closed. Distilled water can be bought at the pharmacy. It is impossible to fill ordinary tap water.

If you exploit a car with "bare plates", they will quickly appear and fall apart.

There are now on the market unqualified batteries. If there are no covers on the housing, it will not be possible to add water into it.

Why can the electrolyte level fall

If the battery is not hermetically sealed, then the liquid is slowly evaporated and dropped. Therefore, periodically needs to top up distilled water.

Also, during charging, the mixture always jumps, so after each charging, it is recommended to measure the electrolyte level. Previously, you need to wait until it stops boiling the electrolyte.

What can be fused into the battery water or electrolyte

If the rechargeable battery plates are not closed, it means that the level of substance is not high enough and it is necessary to add distilled water. Wherein simple water It is impossible to pour, because it has various impurities that can disrupt the work of the battery to bring it out of order.

If the mixture has sufficient density, distilled water fills. If approaches the bottom mark, you can add an alkaline mixture. When current passes through the battery, the consumption of acid occurs. The process is called H2SO4 diffusion between the volume and electrode. This is how the voltage is maintained on the terminals of the battery.

In principle, the battery is a simple thing. Not requiring troublesome service, but only if you operate your car standard. Long trips on the highway, frequent ignition, temperature drops - all this affects the level of electrolyte in the battery, and it must be periodically verified.

The battery operation (or abbreviated battery) will be debugged if you remember the time of its service. Now they make such ankb that outbuilding themselves and require replacement. In theory, the only thing important is to periodically charge it and monitor the level of electrolyte. The time limits of the ACB are extended if the device itself assumes. For example, behind the battery there are corks of compartments of electrolyte-containing tanks, which allows it to add it there. If there are no plugs, then on the device there is a special indicator that notifies about the state of the battery - dim green or at all its color says that the device died.

The electrolyte is a liquid that creates a special environment that accumulates and distributes electricity through chemical reactions. In fact, it is a solution H2SO4 in H2O (sulfuric acid concentrate in distilled water).

Acid itself (the most concentrated) is a sufficiently dense substance, 1.84 g / cm ³, the electrolyte is 1.40 g / cm³. When sulfuric acid interacts with water, it allocates a lot of heat. If you take low-quality sulfuric acid, you can lock the battery.

It is important to know that the density of the mixture of sulfuric acid and water in the battery should vary from 1.07 to 1.30 g / cm³! If the density is higher or below the permissible borders - the battery will work poorly and not long. Temperature of such a liquid + 15 ° C.

Causes of violations in the battery:

1. Akb can boil; If the temperature rises sharply, one of the components of the electrolyte is water - just evaporate.
2. The generator can be flushed, the voltage will jump than it contributes to improper circulation of electricity in the car charging device.
3. The battery may be discharged, especially in the case of a long downtime of the machine.

Checking the level of electrolyte in the battery - This is a very important procedure. Because it is too low its level dried inner plates, cells to connect and the battery will cover. And if the level is too high, then the outputs to the generator can oxidize and output the entire system to once and for a long time.

Check the level of electrolyte in the battery.

Determine the concentrate of the necessary liquid in two ways:

• On cell corks,
• On the eye (by magical eye).

If we talk about a magic eye - then this is not a completely accurate diagnosis that requires additional check. You need to neatly knock on it (on this eye) and see how air bubbles will rise. You will see the color indicator clearer, and immediately use your analytical abilities: green - norm, white - recharging is required, red - it's time to add water, the acid has risen. There are other colors, but these most common in the Russian Federation.

Well, if there is a scale with a minimum and maximum on the charge case. Then you just look at the level of the solution and decide what to do.

The last method of checking is useful for clarifying the first and absence of the opportunity to check the second: take a glass tube, turn out one of the traffic jams on the charging body, push inside to the fuse shield, plug the test tube with your finger, pull out the outward. There will be an electrolyte in the tube if it is from 10 to 15 millimeters - everything is in order.

What level of electrolyte should be in a car battery?

As already mentioned, the permissible rate of this important solution fluctuates in the redistribution of 12 and 15 millimeters. Excess electrolyte can be interpreted with the help of subwoofers - a conventional medical syringe or fringe. There is not enough water. Just do not be topped with water from the crane! You will immediately turn your charger. Water, firstly, must be necessarily distilled, and, secondly, its temperature should be in the limit of +15 to + 25 ° C. Pour water should be in a special hole - the filler neck - to the limit of the lower end of the tube. Filled - put on three-four hours for charging, and then we advise you to check the density of the resulting fluid so that the level of sulfuric acid corresponds to the allowable norm. The permissible norm is 1.27-1.29 g / cm 3. It is measured by the device called an areaometer.

The question of how to measure the level of electrolyte in the battery is not the first and important. On a row with him there is a second concerning its density. If you have not disliked the water - it's small, just some more, and in case of excessive dilution, you will need adjusting

From time to time it is necessary to check the electrolyte level (this not so easy Water) in a car battery. That is, there are two reasons. First, it naturally evaporates. Secondly, with each charging of the battery, it in small quantities decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen. Check and replacing electrolyte is an important part of the maintenance. Therefore, you need to know how to do it right. The following are detailed instructions, how to check the level of the electrolyte, so as not to harm neither or the car.

Steps

Part 1

How to Clean the Battery and open the filler holes

Find the battery for the ackamulator. Most cars are located immediately under the hood, which you just need to open.

• Also, batteries can be located at the bottom motor compartment, Behind the front bumper and front wheels. To carry out maintenance, they need to be removed from the bottom of the car.
• In most car brand BMW, Mercedes-Benz and some other models, accumulators are located in an isolated trunk compartment.
• In some models, for example in Cadillars, batteries can be under the rear seat.

Clean the battery. Before checking the level of electrolyte, get rid of dirt and debris accumulated from above the battery and around its terminals. It is important to do that when you open the fuel holes, there did not fall there. In addition, if the surface of the battery is clean, it will slow down or avoid the development of corrosion of metal surfaces

• In order to get rid of road dirt and minor corrosion, use the means to clean ammonia-based glasses. To do this, spray the cleaning agent on the rag, and not to the battery itself. You can use a paper towel, but as soon as it starts to deteriorate, replace it.
• Sections with severe corrosion can be purified by a self-made mixture of water and soda. Water with a rag with this mixture and wipe the battery. To clean the battery, you will have to make a cloth and wipe it more than once. After that, spray the glass to washing the glasses on the rag and wipe out the soda. If you leave soda on the surface of the battery, it will accelerate the development of corrosion of terminals and metal parts located nearby.
• Do not hurry! All caps of the fuel holes must be in their places. Cleaning products should not get across the battery through these holes.
• Note: To make it easily clean and perform the maintenance of the battery, it can be removed from the car, and then install it again. So it will be better for security reasons, especially if the battery is located in a hard-to-reach place. However, due to this, the car electronics settings will occur (hours, radio station and so on). So if you do not take out the battery from the car, you can save time.
• In addition, you can disconnect the battery terminals and lower them into a container with very hot water. Hot water removes the corrosion layer, thereby cleansing the surface. But before connecting the terminals again to the battery, be sure to wipe them dry.

Unscrew the plug holes. On the lid of the battery there are two corks of the filling holes of the hexagonal shape. They are easily twisted if they are slightly pushing a plastic spatula or a screwdriver. If the plugs are not amenable, then try to pose them at several points around the perimeter.

• On some batteries, six separate round plugs. They must be unscrewed counterclockwise, and then remove.
• On the battery there may be an inscription: "non-listening". This means that it is not subject to maintenance and cannot be opened. If such a battery stopped functioning properly, manufacturers recommend simply replacing it to another, because it cannot be added to it.

Remove dirt if necessary. By reloading traffic jams, you may notice that the dirt also accumulated under them. Moisten a cloth for washing windows and wipe the fuel holes.

• It is not recommended to clean the filling holes of the food soda. Lightly moisten a cloth with a cleaning agent. Be careful so that neither the cleaning agent, nor dirt, nor pieces of paper towels fell inside the battery.
• Do not be lazy and do not neglect this advice. If you follow the cleanliness of the fuel holes, it will slow down the development of corrosion. This is an important point in maintenanceto help keep the integrity of all connections.

Part 2

How to determine the current level of electrolyte

Look at the level of electrolyte. Looking into each bay hole, it is possible to determine the level of this substance in each of the compartments. There must be the same amount of electrolyte in all compartments

• If the levels are slightly different, then the reason may be that the last time you poured too much fluid. In this case, when this surplus is evaporated, just pour the required amount.
• If the levels are clearly different, then the case can be in a cracked housing and a small leakage of electrolyte. In this case, the battery replacement is required. If there is no obvious leakage places, then drop in the battery distilled water (nothing else) to the most secure level and a few weeks later check how much its level has changed.

Determine low level electrolyte. If the electrolyte does not cover the plates completely, it means it is not enough. In this case, the battery will not be able to function with maximum performance.

• Parts of the plates exposed to air are destroyed in days.
• If the electrolyte level dropped only 1 cm below the top edge of the plate, then, the required amount of water, the battery will earn again, but its performance will slightly decrease. (Tips How to add water will be reviewed in the 3rd parts of this article) If the level has dropped much lower, you may have to change the battery.
• Low electrolyte levels may indicate the recharge of the battery. In this case, you need to check the alternator.

Determine the normal level of electrolyte. The level of electrolyte is considered to be the normal level, which is either higher than the plates of about 1 cm, or below the neck of the filling hole by 3 mm.

• If everything is normal, then it is not necessary to pull water yet. You can simply spin the plug holes back. Next check will need to be held in three months.

Determine the limit level of electrolyte. The fluid level is on a safe maximum when the electrolyte touches the neck of the filling hole.

• Somewhere at the bottom of most Gorlovin there is a couple of recesses. Thanks to these notches, meniscus is formed (the liquid is strifted near the edge of the neck, in shape resembling eyes). If the liquid applies to the neck, meniscus appears. If the neck is below, meniscus is not visible.
• Menisk in the form of eye is needed in order to avoid overflows. You should use a flashlight to be able to determine the level of fluid and see if there is a meniscus.

This article we are talking about determining the level of electrolyte in lead-acid type batteries. No need to follow the advice from this article if they contradict the manufacturer's recommendations or the seller of your battery.

• Remember that for batteries of nickel-cadmium type or batteries used in golf mobile and labermen, the levels of electrolyte can be different.

Part 3.

How to adjust electrolyte levels

Pour in the compartments only distilled water. It is sold in most grocery stores. When the electrolyte is too low (when the plate is seen), it is necessary to add so much water into each compartment to fully cover the plates. Then get the battery charger Or just ride a car for several days as usual. Just remember that when you fully charge the battery, you need to pull up to the most secure level - to the lower edge of the neck

If the battery is greatly discharged, then do not fill it completely. If the battery is discharged, then it is better to add exactly so much water so that it only covers the plates (or not to top up at all if the level is normal).

• When charging the battery, the electrolyte level rises, so you need to leave enough space for the rising fluid. (This does not apply to batteries that are fully charged).
• The level of electrolyte can increase when the battery is heated.

Wipe the flow and tighten the plugs. Before tightening the plugs, make sure that neither of them, nor on the lid there is a garbage that could get inside.

• If you are inappropriately poured too much liquid, but it did not shift through the edge, then stop taking advantage and just leave everything as it is. If everything spread on the roof, then try not to touch the fluid, because it contains an acid that can surfaches the skin and clothing.
• Wipe the spilled liquid with a cloth or paper towels, moving towards the fuel holes. Whatever you wipe, do not allow this thing to be soaked so much that it starts to drip onto other surfaces of the car and the surrounding items. Rinse the rag or paper towel in a bucket with water. Put the gloves so that the water does not hit the hands.
• Having finished wiped, throw away the rag or paper towel into the trash can. Carefully pour water into the sewer. Try not to spill water so that the remnants of the acid do not get anywhere. At the end of the surface in contact with the spilled acid, wipe with a cloth moistened with windows wash.
• For a month, examine the crowded battery. If the fluid overflows over the edge, then wipe it as described above.
• Even if a liquid is poured out of the battery, the sulfuric acid in it will be a bit and its loss will not affect the functionality of the battery. It is better not to add acid to fill the loss, since an excessive amount of acid reduces the battery life even stronger than its disadvantage.

Part 4.

What kind of precautions need to take

Jump glasses to protect your eyes. The electrolyte in the battery is sulfuric acid, so it is very important to protect the eyes so that even the drop of this fluid does not come to them. Remember that you can get a serious injury or even lose sight.

• Contact lenses are not a means of protection and can only aggravate the provisions if the acid still falls into the eyes. Ordinary glasses will not protect either, since they do not have protection on the sides.
• Sasicier to wear protective glasses that are sold in most construction stores.

Jump disposable gloves to protect your hands. Choose gloves that can withstand sulfuric acid exposure at least a few minutes. They can be bought in construction stores

• Latex and vinyl gloves will not be able to withstand the effects of acid. If you still decide to take advantage of them, as soon as the acid falls, remove them immediately. If you do not hurry, the acid is engaging the glove and burns the skin.
• Neoprene gloves are able to counteract the acid for an hour or longer, but in ordinary building stores it is difficult to find them. Nitrile is not the same as neoprene. Nitrile gloves cannot be used because they are even less protected from acid than latex gloves.

Protect the skin. Put the old clothes to cover as much body parts as possible: something dense with long sleeves, some pants and shoes with a closed toe. Use unnecessary clothes that you do not feel sorry, because if the electrolyte is sprinkled on the fabric, then he is a conclusion for one or two weeks.

Remember what you need to do when the electrolyte hit the skin. If the electrolyte is sprinkled on the skin, rinse it immediately with flowing water with soap

• If you felt in some place burning or tingling, you may have hit you a drop of electrolyte. For burn enough just one drop.
• If you think that the electrolyte can be splashed, then take off the work and immediately rinse this place. Do not think that everything will cost. Redness or wound appear not immediately, but after some time.
• Having finished, dispose of all gloves and rags that you used. Otherwise, they can spoil other things that will come into contact.

The electrolyte level decreases in the process of watering water. That is, water should be attached to restore the old value, and distilled. Water fills in the filling neck to the lower end of her tube. After topping, the battery must be charged. In the charged battery, the electrolyte density is checked, it is normal, it is compiled 1.27-1.29 g / cm 3. To check the density of the electrolyte, the device under the name of the area is used. If you made a fluid plot in the battery, you should not measure the density immediately, water will need 3-4 hours in order to mix with the electrolyte. And when carrying out any measurements, it is important to be careful, because sulfuric acid is used as an electrolyte in the battery.

Here the norm is given when the battery performance is particularly important. When the density is higher than the specified level, the electrolyte is diluted with water. If the density is low, the electrolyte fills.

Measure the battery charge is also possible. This requires a device called a voltmeter. Akb needs to be disconnected from the on-board network. And if the car has just been in operation, it is better to postpone the measurement for an hour. Measurements need to be produced in the warm room. The charge level should be approximately 12.5 volts for a fully charged battery. To check the charge with a load, a special load plug is used.

Dense measurement Akb:

Pay attention to the color of the electrolyte. Normally, it must be transparent. Reddished or dark color signals about the destruction of the plates. From such a device, it should be equated as quickly as possible, it is not subject to repair and restoration.

Now, having learned the answers to a number of important issues related to the work of the battery, namely, what should be the level of electrolyte, the level of charge and the electrolyte density of the battery, the driver can avoid a variety of problems. Timely diagnostics, detection and elimination of AKB faults allow to extend its service life, and not to be in an unexpected unpleasant situation.

If it is diagnosed, the fault is detected and excluded, the car is experiencing a launch difficulty, check for the presence of a malfunction the starter and wiring of the car.

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