What does the passenger cars mean? Vehicles: Classification

17.10.2019

cars;

motorcycles and motor scooters;

buses;

trucks;

others self-propelled machines and mechanisms on pneumatic and caterpillar;

boats, motorboats and other water vehicles;

yachts and other sailing and motor vessels;

hydrocycles;

aircraft, helicopters;

noncommodating (towed) courts and others.

Category definition

When determining the species of automotive vehicle And assigning them to the category of cargo or passenger cars, you need to be guided by the data of the passport of the vehicle (TCP). This procedure is confirmed by the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of August 13, 2012 No. 03-05-06-04 / 137 and dated October 21, 2010 No. 03-05-06-04 / 251, FTS of Russia of February 15, 2012 No. BS -4-11 / 2450 and dated December 1, 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769.

The type and category of the vehicle is indicated in lines 3 and 4 of the TCP on the basis of the Convention on road traffic (Vienna, November 8, 1968), ratified by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 29, 1974 No. 5938-VIII (Regulations approved by the joint order of June 23, 2005 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 496, Ministry of Industry of Russia No. 192, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia № 134).

Under the types of vehicle is understood as the characteristic of the car, determined by its design features and purpose (cargo, passenger, bus, etc.). Categories of the TC can be allocated five:

1) A - motorcycles, scooters and other motorcycles;

2) in - cars allowed maximum mass which does not exceed 3,500 kg and the number of seats of which, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight;

3) C - cars, with the exception of the category-related "D", the allowed maximum mass of which exceeds 3500 kg;

4) D - cars intended for the transport of passengers and having more than 8 seats, in addition to the driver's seat;

5) E - trailer - a vehicle intended for movement in the composition with a vehicle. This term includes semi-trailers.

If the data on the category (type) of the vehicle specified in the TCP does not allow to unambiguously determine the tax rate, then this issue should be solved in favor of the organization (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 1, 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

Situation: what category of vehicles when calculating transport tax Refers a car: to passenger or freight. T-TC TCP indicated "Cargo", Category - "B"?

The car refers to the category of freight vehicles.

An indication of the TCP category "B" does not indicate that the car belongs to the passenger transport. The category "B" can be assigned both passenger and trucks (Annex 3 to the Regulation approved by the joint order of June 23, 2005. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 496, Ministry of Industry and Commission of Russia No. 192, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia No. 134, a letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia of December 1 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

Therefore, in the situation under consideration, the transport tax is needed, taking into account the type of vehicle specified in the 3 TCP string. If the category of the car is simultaneously indicated in the TCP - "B" and the type of means - the "cargo", then the transport tax is counting like from a truck. In addition, you can use the marking of transport, which is provided in the 2 TCP string. The second sign of the digital designation of the TC model indicates its type (view of the car). For example: "1" - passenger car, "7" - vans, "9" - special.

Similar explanations are contained in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 13, 2012 No. 03-05-06-04 / 137, dated October 21, 2010 No. 03-05-06-04 / 251, on March 19, 2010 No. 03- 05-05-04 / 05 and the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated April 7, 2016 No. SA-4-7 / 6024.

Situation: what type of vehicle vehicles on the TCP when calculating the transport tax include truck cranes on the basis of trucks: to self-propelled car or cargo cars?

Autocrats belong to the category of trucks.

Autocran mounted on the basis of trucks belong to the category of freight vehicles. Such a conclusion can be made based on the table data in which is given. comparative analysis Categories of vehicles according to the classification of UNECE UNECE and on the classification of the Convention on Road Motion.

The legitimacy of this approach is confirmed by the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of January 17, 2008. No. 03-05-04-01 / 1 and arbitration practice (see, for example, Decisions of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of July 17, 2007 No. 2965/07, FAS West Siberian District of October 3, 2011 No. A46-14465 / 2010, FAS of the Volga-Vyatka District of September 24, 2009 No. A29-133 / 2009).

Situation: what category TS, when calculating tax, include Cars UAZ-3962, UAZ-2206 category "B": to buses or passenger cars?

Calculate the transport tax is needed taking into account the type of vehicle specified in the line 3 of the TCP (letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of August 13, 2012 No. 03-05-06-04 / 137, of January 17, 2008 No. 03-05-04-01 / one). In addition, you can use the marking of the vehicle, which is brought in line 2 of the TCP. The second sign of the digital designation model of the transport model indicates its type (view of the car). For example: "1" - passenger car, "7" - vans, "9" - special. Similar clarifications are contained in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of March 19, 2010 No. 03-05-05-04 / 05 and the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated April 7, 2016 No. SA-4-7 / 6024.

If the type of vehicle ("cargo", "passenger", "bus", etc.) is impossible to determine, refer to the comparative table of the categories of vehicles according to the KWC of the UNECE and the Classification of the Convention. In the comparative table, buses refer to the category "D". Therefore, if the "B" category is indicated in the PTS of the sanitary van, then it is not a bus. In arbitration practice there are examples of court decisions, in which it is recognized that the category "B", indicated in the TCP of the UAZ-3962 car, UAZ-2206, confirms the classification of this transport as a passenger car (See, for example, Defining Worth of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2007 No. 1369/07, Resolution of the FAS of the West Siberian District of October 18, 2006 No. F04-6867 / 2006 (27536-A81-15), East Siberian District dated March 12, 2009 No. A58-3798 / 08-F02-869 / 09, North-West District of July 17, 2006 No. A05-1765 / 2006-13).

In cases where data on the category (type) of the vehicle specified in the TCP does not allow to unambiguously determine the tax rate, the Federal Tax Service of Russia recommends the tax inspections to solve this issue in favor of organizations (a letter of December 1, 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

Situation: what category of vehicles when calculating transport tax belongs career dump trucks "BelAZ"?

Career dump trucks "BelAZ" refer to the category of other self-propelled vehicles, machines and mechanisms on a pneumatic and caterpillar move. This is stated in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 27, 2008 No. 03-05-05-04 / 12, of May 31, 2006 No. 03-06-04-04 / 21. The legitimacy of this approach is confirmed by arbitration practice (see, for example, the definition of the RF litter of the Russian Federation of January 31, 2007 No. 29/07, the Resolution of the Ural District of October 22, 2007 No. F09-8633 / 07-C3, on March 26, 2007 № F09-1943 / 07-C3).

Thus, according to the Ministry of Finance, the category of TC for tax purposes should be determined on the basis of its type and destination (category) specified in TCP * (15). However, the TC type (special, special passenger, etc.) specified in the passport may not coincide with the name of tax objects (passenger, trucks, buses, etc.), established by Article 361 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the sectoral standard, it is 025 270-66 "Classification and system for the designation of automotive rolling stock ..." and the Regulations on the TC Passports in line 2 "Mark, the TC model" of the passport indicates Sia symbol vehicle. It consists of letters, numbers or mixing them. The first figure indicates the class of the vehicle: - by operating volume of the engine - for a passenger car; - on the overall length - for the bus; - by full weight - For a truck.

Classifiers of international transport vehicles

There is also no decoding data to decrypt these concepts, and in the convention, the specified terms are not found at all. Therefore, we believe that the assignment of the vehicle to the category "B" does not mean that in order to calculate the transport tax, this vehicle should be considered as a passenger car.
It should be noted that at present it is precisely such a position on this issue and the Ministry of Finance of Russia adheres to (see letters from 10.12.2013 No. 03-05-06-04 / 54111, from 08/13/2012 No. 03-05-06-04 / 137, from 21.10.2010 No. 03-05-06-04 / 251, from 19.03.2010 No. 03-05-05-04 / 05, from 01.07.2009 No. 03-05-06-04 / 105, from 07.02.2008 N 03 -05-04-04 / 01, from 01/17/2008 No. 03-05-04-01 / 1). The financial department believes that the TC category established for tax purposes is determined based on the type of TC and its purpose (category) specified in the TCP on the basis of the FTS.

Vehicles: Classification. Categories of vehicles

Competent opinion with the question to which type of TC is the UAZ car 22069-04, we appealed to the management of legal regulation, interdepartmental cooperation and international cooperation of the Department for the Security Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. That's what we were answered: in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 15 of the Federal Law of 10.12.1995 N 196-ФЗ "On Road Safety", the admission of vehicles intended for participation in road traffic on the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out by registering and issuing relevant documents .

The passport of the vehicle is a document operating on the territory of the Russian Federation to register and access vehicles to operation.

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Attention

Thus, we see that to determine the category of any vehicle for tax purposes, aggregate information should be taken into account both about the TC type and its purpose ("category") specified in the TCP. However, in the case under consideration, the TC type is a special passenger vehicle, also does not allow to determine the category of TC for tax purposes.

According to clause 4 of the PTS provisions are issued by the owners of the CU by organizations and citizens registered in the prescribed manner and carrying out their entrepreneurship without the formation of a legal entity that manufacturers of the vehicle in the manner established by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the Customs authorities of the FCS of Russia or the traffic police units in the manner prescribed by the Regulation . Consequently, the credentials of the vehicle, manufacturers, customs authorities and traffic police units are endowed with the authority of the TC.

Vehicle type definition

Other courts when making decisions take the sectoral Normal Normal 025 270-66 into account, however, the information received from this document is used by the courts in conjunction with the information obtained from the TCP and taking into account the classification of categories of the vehicle (A, B, C, D, Trailer) (See, for example, Resolutions of the FAS of the North-Western District of 08/20/2009 No. A05-13177 / 2008, from 05.06.2008 No. A05-223 / 2008, FAS of the Volga-Vyatka district of 25.07.2008 No. A29-6237 / 2007 , from 06.05.2009 N A29-7851 / 2008, FAS of the North Caucasus District of 09.12.2010 in case No. A32-10605 / 2008-12 / 122, the decision of the cassation instance - the Presidium of the Arkhangelsk Regional Court of 08.08.2012 N 44G-16 / 2012, definition of the Leningrad Regional Court of 03.10.2012 No. 33-4499 / 2012).

How to determine the type of car?

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Definition of the TC type for the purpose of applying a transport tax rate

In accordance with GOST R 52051-2003, the car certification data should be indicated by the manufacturer in the technical documentation for the car. Specialists of the UMNS of Russia in Moscow (letter from 03.08.2004 N 23-01 / 3/50988) When determining the type of cars produced by OJSC Ulyanovsk Automotive Plant, recommend using the information provided by the headquarters service of the factory manufactured by motor vehicles.

If the passenger car can accommodate up to 8 people without a driver, it is classified as a passenger. If the capacity of the vehicle is more than 8 people, then this type of vehicle is a bus.
The transporter can serve for general purpose or for the transport of special cargo. Auto-purpose cars have in their design body with sides without a tipping device.

They can also be equipped with an awning and arcs for mounting. Special-purpose trucks have various technical capabilities in their design for the transport of certain goods.

For example, panhelevoz is optimized for convenient transportation of panels and construction stoves. The dump truck is used for predominantly bulk cargo.

Fuel truck is designed for light petroleum products. Trailers, semi-trailers, Radget trailers Any TC can be used with additional equipment.
NK RF * (2) paragraph 1 of Art. 358 Tax Code of the Russian Federation * (3) paragraph 1 of Art. 361 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation; Art. 1 of the law of the Altai Territory of 10.10.2002 N 66-° C "On the transport tax on the territory of Altayskogoki" * (4) approved. Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated 09.04.2003 N BG-3-21 / 177 * (5) app. Resolution of the State Standard of Russia dated December 26, 1994 N 359 * (6) Ratified by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Sun of the USSR from 04/29/1974 N 5938-VIII * (7) The letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of 16.06.2006 No. 03-06-04-04 / 24; Resolution of the FAS of the Central District of 03.04.2006 in case N A68-UP-279 / 12-05 * (8) The letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of November 22, 2005 No. 03-06-04-02 / 15 * (9) paragraph 3 of Art. 1 of the Federal Law of 15.07.1995 N 101-FZ "On International Treaties of the Russian Federation" * (10) Letters of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 23, 2005 No. 21-5-07 / 552, the Ministry of Finance of Russia of 05.12.2005 No. 03-06-04 -04/47, from 11/22/2005 No. 03-06-04-02 / 15 * (11) UTV.

Important

A passenger car of general purpose is a passenger car without special equipment.<3 Специальный легковой автомобиль — легковой автомобиль со специальным оборудованием. К специальному оборудованию относятся, например, таксометр, мобильная радиостанция, дополнительная световая и звуковая сигнализация и т.д.

Special passenger cars include, for example, ambulance, car for collecting monetary revenue and transportation of valuable cargo, taxis.<4 Грузовой автомобиль — автомобиль, конструкция и оборудование которого предназначены для перевозки грузов. <5 Грузовой автомобиль общего назначения — грузовой автомобиль с бортовой платформой, не оборудованный средствами самопогрузки-саморазгрузки или другим специальным оборудованием.

At the same time, the type of TC type specified in the TCP is made by the main indicator for the purpose of covering the transport tax, since motor vehicles having the same category may have a different type depending on the destination (passenger, truck or bus). There is also a judicial practice with similar conclusions (see, for example, the appellate definitions of the SC on civil cases of the Pskov Regional Court dated April 29, 2014 in case No. 33-660 / 2014, SC on Civil Cases of the Khabarovsk Regional Court of 08.11.2013 in case No. 33 7121/2013, SK on civil cases of the Lipetsk Regional Court of 07/17/2013 in case No. 33-1780 / 2013).

In the appellate definition of SC on civil cases of the Pskov Regional Court of 29.04.2014 in case No. 33-660 / 2014, it was noted that only in category it is impossible to determine the facilities of the vehicle, in particular, to "cargo" or "car" cars.

The procedure for calculating the transport tax depends on the category of vehicle (paragraph 1 of Art. 361 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Vehicle categories are listed in Article 361 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. To them, for example, belong:

cars;
motorcycles and motor scooters;
buses;
trucks;
other self-propelled vehicles, machines and mechanisms on a pneumatic and caterpillar move;
boats, motorboats and other water vehicles;
yachts and other sailing and motor vessels;
hydrocycles;
noncommodating (towed) courts and others.

When determining the types of automobiles and attribute them to the category of "cargo" or "passenger" cars, you need to be guided by:

The all-Russian classifier of fixed assets (OKOF), approved by the Resolution of the State Standard of Russia dated December 26, 1994 No. 359;
The Convention on Road Traffic (Vienna, November 8, 1968), ratified by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of April 29, 1974 No. 5938-VIII.

This is stated in paragraph 16 of the Methodological Recommendations for the application of chapter 28 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 9, 2003. No. BG-3-21 / 177).

However, methodical recommendations are not a regulatory document provided for in common use (a letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of June 16, 2006 No. 03-06-04-04 / 24). In addition, the OKOF is designed for the purposes of accounting and statistics of fixed assets and cannot be used in the calculation of the transport tax (Resolution of the Presidium of the Court of the Russian Federation of July 17, 2007 No. 2965/07).

To establish a vehicle category, control offices are recommended to be guided by the data of the vehicle passport (PTS) (letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of November 22, 2005 No. 03-06-02-02 / 15, the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 1, 2009 No. 3-3 06/1769). This document indicates the type and category of the vehicle (the provision approved by a joint order of June 23, 2005 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 496, Ministry of Industry of Russia No. 192, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia No. 134).

Under the types of vehicle is understood as the characteristic of the car, determined by its design features and purpose (cargo, passenger, bus, etc.). Categories of vehicles can be distinguished by five:

A - motorcycles, scooters and other motor vehicles;
In - Cars, the allowed maximum mass of which does not exceed 3,500 kg and the number of seats of which, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight;
C - cars, with the exception of the category related "D", the allowed maximum mass of which exceeds 3500 kg;
D - cars intended for the transport of passengers and having more than 8 seating places, in addition to the driver's seat;
trailer - a vehicle designed to move in composition with a vehicle. This term includes semi-trailers.

If the data on the category (type) of the vehicle specified in the TCP does not allow to unambiguously determine the tax rate, this issue should be solved in favor of the Organization (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 1, 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

An indication of the TCP category "B" does not indicate that the car belongs to the passenger vehicle. The category "B" can be assigned both passenger and trucks (Appendix 3 to the Regulation approved by the joint order of June 23, 2005. MIVD of Russia No. 496, Ministry of Industry 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the transport tax with the type of vehicle specified in the 3 TCP string. If the category of the car is simultaneously indicated in the TCP - "b" and the type of vehicle is "cargo", then the transport tax is counting like from a truck. In addition, you can use the marking of the vehicle, which is brought in line 2 of the TCP. The second sign of the digital designation model of the vehicle indicates its type (view of the car). For example: "1" - passenger car, "7" - vans, "9" - special.

Similar explanations are contained in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of March 19, 2010 No. 03-05-05-04 / 05, of February 7, 2008 No. 03-05-04-04 / 01 and on January 17, 2008 No. 03- 05-04-01 / 1, UMNS in the Moscow region of July 30, 2003 No. 07-48 / 91 / R795.

It should be noted that in cases where the data on the category (type) of the vehicle specified in the TCP does not allow to unambiguously determine the tax rate, the Federal Tax Service of Russia recommends the tax inspections to solve this issue in favor of organizations (letter dated December 1, 2009 №3 -3-06 / 1769).

A huge number of models and designs of modern cars can be divided into certain types (or classes). The most common classification of vehicles (TC) is related to their appointment. This classification is provided in the International ISO 3833 International Standard.

Types of road vehicles:
a - passenger car;
b - truck;
in - bus;
g - motorcycle;
d - trailer;
E - semi-trailer

The entire park of road TS is divided into mechanical TC. (TC with the engine) and towed TC (trailers and semi-trailers). Mechanical TC, towing trailer or semi-trailer, called auto tray. For the purpose of the vehicle are divided into:
- cars (a) - Mechanical TS, intended mainly for the transport of people and their baggage, in which no more than nine seating, including the driver's seat;
- trucks (b) - Mechanical TS, intended mainly for the transport of goods or special equipment;
- buses and trolley buses (c) - Mechanical vehicles intended for the transport of people and their baggage, in which more nine seats are located, including the driver's seat;
- motor vehicles (g) - Mechanical TS, having two, three, sometimes four wheels (quadricycles), which does not exceed 400 kg and intended for the transport of people;
- trailers (e) - towed by the TC tractor, intended for the carriage of goods or passengers, in which only a minor part of their weight loads the towing car;
- semi-trailers (e) - towed by the TC tractor, intended for the transport of goods or passengers, in which a significant part of their weight loads the towing car. As a towing car, a special car is used in this case, designed exclusively for towing a semi-trailer - sadel tractor.

For each of the above major types of vehicles, there is a more detailed classification on various features. Thus, cars can be divided into appointment (individual use, taxis, operational services, sports, etc.); by engine working volume; on oversized sizes; By type of body (see the head of the body).

Buses are divided by the full mass (up to or over 5 tons), by the number of seats (up to 17 places, including the driver, - Motherboard buses); For appointment (urban, suburban, intercity). A separate group form trolleybuses - passenger vehicles, which lead to the movement of electricity coming by wires.

Trucks:
a - universal;
b - specialized;
in - special

Trucks, trailers and semi-trailers On the destination, it can be universal (usually an open side platform is used as a cargo body, sometimes with a removable awning), specialized (the body is adapted for the transport of certain types of cargo or there are self-loading devices), special (transfers special technological equipment). There is a class of trucks designed exclusively for towing trailers: saddle tractors for semi-trailers, ballast tractors for heavy trailers.

Advantages and disadvantages of different layouts
From the standpoint of the effect of the vehicle's design on its properties, the car layout is important - the relative position of the main systems of the car (engine, transmission, propulsion, control systems, carrier system, body).
For passenger cars, in most cases, the body performs the functions of the carrier system (carrying the body), which reduces the mass and provides sufficient freedom to locate other car systems.
Light car layouts
Layout buses
Layouts of trucks

Table.
Classification of road vehicles adopted in UNECE Rules

Category designation	Designation of subcategories	Type TC.	Full weight, t	Engine operating volume, cm 3	Notes
L.	L1, L2.		Not regulated	Up to 50	Mopeds
L.	L3-L5	TC with the engine of two- and three-wheeled	Not regulated	Is not limited	Motorcycles, scooters
M.	M1.	TC with an engine having at least 4 wheels and intended for transporting no more than 8 passengers (except for the driver)	Not regulated	Is not limited	Cars
	M2.	The same having more than 8 seats (except for the driver's seat)	up to 5.0	-“-	Buses
	M3.	-“-	Over 5.0	-“-	Buses, including articulated
N.	N1	TC with an engine that have at least 4 wheels and intended for the carriage of goods	Up to 3.5	Is not limited	Trucks, special cars
	N2.	-“-	Over 3.5 to 12.0	-“-	Trucks, Cars Tractors, Special Cars
	N3.	-“-	Over 12.0	-“-	-“-
O.	O1	TC without engine	Up to 0.75	-“-	Trailers and semi-trailers
	O2.	-“-	Over 0.75 to 3.5	-“-	-“-
	O3.	-“-	Over 3.5 to 10.0	-“-	-“-
	O4.	-“-	Over 10.0	-“-	-“-

Classification transport tools - This is the distribution of various cars into groups, classes and categories. Depending on the type of construction, the parameters of the power part, destination or features that have certain vehicles, the classification provides for several such categories.

Vehicle (TC) is a technical device for transporting people and / or cargo. In contrast to the lifting and lifting and transport devices, vehicles are used, as a rule, for transportation on relatively long distances.

According to the classifier of vehicles of international transportation, trailer - This is a vehicle without an engine, intended for the transport of passengers or goods, the vertical load of which is transmitted to the support surface through the wheels and which is adapted for towing by the car.

The rolling lineup of automotive transport is currently a wide range of vehicles, various specifications and purpose. In order to streamline the classification of vehicles ⭐ A number of criteria are adopted serving their characteristic features. Based on these features, vehicles are divided into groups with common properties and characteristics.

In order to distinguish the area of \u200b\u200bvehicles to be given this classification, the term "road transport" was determined, allocated from the whole range of vehicles that are operated mainly on the automotive roads of general use of all categories. Outside this classification remains other wheelless gelly transport, which is not intended for their mass and dimensional characteristics to move on public roads. This, for example, career transport, all-terrain vehicles, airfield and mine tractors, etc.

According to the current rules of the road, the following overall indicators are currently adopted for road vehicles:

in height - not more than 4 m from the road surface
length - no more than 12 m for a truck, bus, trolley buses and trailer, not more than 15.18 m for an articulated bus or trolleybus
in width - no more than 2.60 m for vehicles with isothermal body, no more than 2.63 m for the car KRAZ, MAZ-509A, MAZ-543 car, not more than 2.55 m for other vehicles

The total length of the road train must be no more than 20 m.

Currently, the classification of two species is used - by types and in categories of vehicles. Classification by types is the most common in our country, for many years applied in the USSR, continues to be used in many regulatory documents related to vehicles (state standards, road rules, etc.). In addition, this classification is applied when registering vehicles. The scheme of the classification of vehicles by type is shown in the figure.

Fig. Classification scheme of vehicles by type

As the criterion of the most common unit of vehicles, the presence of the engine is used. In this case, vehicles are divided into mechanical, equipped, and towed, not equipped with an engine.

Mechanical and one or more towed vehicle can create a combined vehicle called a road tray if it consists of a car and connected to it using a hitch of one or more trailers.

Mechanical vehicles are divided:

on cars
on motor vehicles
on tractors

Car - This is a mechanical vehicle, which is driven by the source of energy, has at least four wheels located at least two axes, is intended for movement on fire roads and is used to transport people and (or) cargo towing vehicles intended for Transportation of people and / or cargo, performing special works. This term also applies to vehicles, which are powered by a constant electric current from the suspension contact network (trolleybuses), as well as three-wheeled vehicles, which exceeds 400 kg.

Under the overall mass is understood to be a complete shipping mass of the vehicle together with a mass of coolant, lubricants, a glasswater fluid, fuel (tank, filled with at least 90% of nominal capacity), spare wheels, fire extinguishers, standard set of spare parts, anti-tottacking stops, standard Tool set.

Motor vehicle - This is a single-wheel two-wheeled mechanical vehicle.

Tractor - This is a mechanical vehicle used to implement a pressure or traction by means of equipment mounted on it.

Towable vehicles are divided:

on trailers
on semi-trailers

Trailer - This is a vehicle without an engine, intended for the transport of passengers or goods, in which the entire vertical load is transmitted to the support surface through its wheels, and adapted to tow-towed by car.

Semitrailer - This is a trailer that, by its design, is intended for use with a truck tractor and part of the total mass of which is transmitted to the truck tractor through the seven-hitch.

A characteristic feature of the car division is their main purpose. It can serve for the transport of passengers or transportation of goods (special equipment).

Passenger car - This is a car that, according to its design and equipment, is designed to transport passengers and baggage with the provision of necessary comfort and safety. At the same time, the passenger car with the number of seats for sitting no more than nine, including the driver's seat, is called passenger, and more nine - by the bus.

For transportation of cargo Applied truck. If the chassis of a truck is used to transport special equipment (truck crane, auto drive, drilling rig, etc.), a certain cargo (tank truck, concrete mixer) or equipped with loading and unloading means, then such a car refers to special.

Cars and saddle tractors are also used for the carriage of goods, which carry out their function by towing trailers and semi-trailers.

There are a number of intermediate types of vehicles characterized by any particular feature. For example, a one-storey bus with a number of seats for no more than 17, including the driver's seat, is called a minibus; The car, which in its design and equipment is intended for the transport of passengers and cargo, is called a cargo-passenger; A trailer intended for use in road conditions during standings as a mobile dwelling is called a caravan.

Despite such clarifications such as vehicles, they still belong to the types of buses, a truck and trailer, respectively.

The classification of vehicles by category is more determined in terms of the definition of transport separation by criteria and corresponds to the "Consolidated Construction of Vehicle Design" of the UNECE. It is precisely according to this classification to vehicles that international regulatory legal acts are subject to the vehicles.

In categories, vehicles are shared as follows:

category L1 is a two-wheeled vehicle in which the operating volume of the engine in the case of an internal combustion engine does not exceed 50 cm3 and the maximum calculated speed with any engine does not exceed 50 km / h;
category L2 is a three-wheeled vehicle with any location of the wheels in which the operating volume of the engine in the case of an internal combustion engine does not exceed 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine does not exceed 50 km / h;
category L3 - Motorcycle - a two-wheeled vehicle in which the operating engine capacity in the case of an internal combustion engine exceeds 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine exceeds 50 km / h;
category L4 - a motorcycle with a carriage - a vehicle with three wheels, asymmetric with respect to an average longitudinal plane, in which the engine operating volume in the case of an internal combustion engine exceeds 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine exceeds 50 km / h (motorcycles with a carriage );
category L5 - tricycle - vehicle with three wheels, symmetric with respect to the average longitudinal plane, in which the operating volume of the engine in the case of an internal combustion engine exceeds 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine exceeds 50 km / h;
category C6 - Easy Quadricycle - a four-wheeled vehicle, unloaded mass of which does not exceed 350 kg without taking into account the mass of batteries for an electric vehicle and the maximum calculated speed does not exceed 50 km / h, characterized by:
- when installing an internal combustion engine with forced ignition - an engine working volume not exceeding 50 cm3, or
- when installing an internal combustion engine of another type - maximum effective power not exceeding 4 kW, or
- when installing an electric motor - the nominal maximum power in the long-term load mode not exceeding 4 kW;
category L7 - quadricycle - a four-wheeled vehicle, the unloaded mass of which does not exceed 400 kg (550 kg - for a vehicle intended for the transport of goods) without taking into account the mass of batteries for the electric vehicle and the maximum efficient engine power does not exceed 15 kW;

category M1 - vehicles used for the transport of passengers having in addition to the driver's seat no more than eight seats;
category M2 - vehicles used for the transport of passengers having in addition to the driver's seat of more than eight seats, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 5 tons;
category M3 - vehicles used for the transport of passengers, having in addition to the driver's seat of more than eight seats, the maximum mass of which exceeds 5 tons;

category N1 - vehicles intended for the transport of goods, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 3.5 tons;
category N2 - vehicles intended for the carriage of goods, the maximum mass of which exceeds 3.5 tons, but does not exceed 12 tons;
category N3 - vehicles intended for the transport of goods, the maximum mass of which exceeds 12 tons;

category O1 - trailers, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 0.75 tons;
category O2 - trailers, the maximum mass of which is more than 0.75 tons, but does not exceed 3.5 tons;
category O3 - trailers, the maximum mass of which is more than 3.5 tons, but does not exceed 10 tons;
category O4 - trailers, the maximum mass of which exceeds 10 tons.

In this classification, there is a certain difficulty in clarifying the requirements according to which the vehicles of the M1 category can be attributed to the category this can be done when performing the following conditions:

the number of seats does not exceed six, while it is believed that the seat for seating is available if the vehicle is equipped with "available" attachments for seats. Under the "available" implies attachments that can be used to install seats. In order for the attachments were not "affordable", the manufacturer must prevent the possibilities of using them, for example by welding with butt linings or installation of similar fixed parts that cannot be removed using conventional tools;
the condition p- (M + N 68)\u003e N 68 is ensured, where p is the technically permissible mass of the vehicle, kg; M - the mass of the vehicle in the currency, kg; N - the number of seats, in addition to the driver's seat.

Since 68 kg - the average estimated passenger mass without baggage, the last condition should be understood in this way: the vehicle's load capacity must more than twice the mass of all passengers on its board or the maximum allowed weight of the cargo on board the vehicle at full loading of it Passengers should be greater than the total mass of all passengers on board.

Under the technically permissible maximum mass is understood as the maximum mass of the exhaust vehicle with a cargo (passengers), installed by the manufacturer as the maximum permissible according to operational documentation.

With a state technical inspection, there are often situations when it is necessary to determine the compliance between the types and categories of vehicles. Subject to categories to the main types of vehicles located in the registration base of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus are presented in Table:

Table. Compliance with categories of vehicles

Type of vehicle		Notes
Passenger car	M1.
Bus		At maximum mass no more than 5 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 5 tons
Minibus		With passes up to 17 seats
Freight car		At maximum mass of not more than 3.5 tons with a maximum mass of more than 3.5 tons, but not more than 12 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 12 tons
Tractor and saddle tractor
Cargo-passenger car	According to category N classification
Trailer and semi-trailer		At maximum mass of not more than 0.75 tons with a maximum mass of more than 0.75 tons, but not more than 3.5 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 3.5 tons, but not more than 10 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 10 tons
Motorcycle		In the absence of a stroller
		In the presence of a stroller
Scooter		With two wheels
		If there are three wheels
Motocolus		At maximum weight up to 400 kg
	M1.	At maximum mass of more than 400 kg

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