What does the sequential gearbox mean. Where the box of sequential type is used

Most people interested in the automotive industry are accustomed to the fact that the car can move either using a mechanical transmission, where all switching is carried out directly by the driver from the car's salon, or with its more comfortable analogue - an automatic transmission, which is independently responsible for switching speeds. However, on automotive market There is a proposal for those who want to combine the vehicle mechanical gearbox And the convenience of the machine - such a solution is called a sequential gearbox.

Understand what is a sequential gearbox is easy to disobey the value of the first word. Adjective "Sequental" takes its roots from of English language And in the literal translation, it sounds like "oddness" or "sequence". Accordingly, the presence of a car of this type of gearbox implies that speeds can only be switched in a strict sequence. The selection of the transmission is carried out due to the displacement of the selector only in one direction, which is the difference from the mechanics, where the transfer can be selected in an arbitrary order. Sequental gears began to be used by automakers in the mid-90s. For example, the famous division "Motorsport" company "BMW" set the first generation of such boxes in their sports cars of the 3rd series (M3 in the Body E36). Pre-sales tests have shown that a sequential gearbox helps the driver to adjust the car under his driving style better than using automatic transmission, while maintaining the ability to independently affect the gear shift with the same efficiency as the mechanic if a sequential change in the speed is necessary.

Sales of copies equipped with a sequential box showed that many drivers have such an alternative to more familiar analogues to taste, but from some buyers it was possible to hear reviews about a relatively large speed switch interval. The situation corrected the second generation of a sequential gearbox and integration into a new one sport model Companies with index M3 E46.

On this engineers "BMW" did not stop, and the third generation of sequental boxes became a distinctive feature Their legendary M5 E60. With each new stage of development, the sequential gearbox was increasingly adjusted to the designers for the needs of the consumer: the time spent on switching transmission was significantly reduced, while the car dynamics occurrently grew significantly.

Principle of operation of a sequential gearbox

The main task of the sequential gearbox, the principle of its operation during the acceleration of the car is to reduce the interval between speed switching. The use of a sequential gearbox as a transmission allows you to achieve this not only using the maximum simplification of the switching process, but also due to the absence of the need for the driver to control the clutch independently. The lack of adhesion as an additional pedal gives an advantage as novice drivers for which the addictiveness of all the intricacies of driving process represents some difficulties and pro, which exploit the car at the limit of its capabilities and each share of second for which is a lot of time to overclocking time. In fact, the clutch at the sequental checkpoint is also present, but they are controlled by the individual electronic unit, which independently calculates, based on the current velocity of the driver and the driver's impact force on the accelerator pedal, which transmission is currently the most optimal.

From this block there is a transmission signal, in the location of the speed determination sensors. The next and final point of sending the signal after processing by the sensors is the progressive block - the unit that is responsible for the correction of data on the operation of the DVS. In addition to the speed of the vehicle, the progressive unit also processes information about the operation of all elements of the comfort unit and on the basis of the combination of the data obtained produces calculations to optimize movement.

Constructive features of the sequential gearbox

From its competitors, a sequential gearbox is characterized by the following unique features:

• the structure of the sequental gearbox is based on the gears with straight teeth, and this is its main distinguishing feature from a manual box, where they are taken as the basis of the axle gear. This difference lies the advantage of the sequential gearbox, since the boom gears, in contrast to the analogues, during the functioning of the box almost do not create friction;
• also, the diameter of each gear is slightly increased in comparison with those used for the manual transmission, which allows you to transmit more torque to wheels;

• another characteristic feature of the sequential gearbox is the use of hydraulic servo. Uncommunicated drivers sometimes confuse hydraulic-based servo drives with automatic checkpoints, thereby assigning an error, since the design, work principle and coefficient useful action As a result, they differ significantly.

Advantages of sequential gearbox

Undoubtedly, the transmission used in sports cars of the most famous world manufacturers cannot not have a number of strengths that beneficially stand out against the background of other proposals. The advantages of a sequential gearbox are:

• high speed switching speed is the main plus gearbox on a sequential basis. The transmission change really occurs instantly - in just 150 m / s. The reason for such a high indicator has already listed earlier constructive features transmissions: straight gear with a larger diameter and hydraulics-based servo drive;
• the complete lack of speed loss when switching - transmissions are not simply switching with a lightning speed, their shift to each other does not affect the dynamics of the car movement;

• the rapid achievement of the maximum number of revolutions is a sequential transmission better interacts with the car engine, due to which the speed switching occurs in the optimal acceleration of the circulation range of the engine;
• the lack of recoil in the driver's hand in the form of oscillations and vibrations - again, thanks to the adjacent gearbox mechanism on a sequential basis of this kind of discomfort, the owner of a car with such a gearbox will not disturb;
• reduced fuel consumption due to constructive features of the CAT.

IMPORTANT: In cars with a sequental gearbox, even switching with the help of stealing petals is much faster than at models with competing transmissions. This advantage can be decisive, for example, on competitions on best result in a straight line.

Disadvantages of sequential gearbox

As with other types of transmissions, the sequental gearbox has a negative point of operation:

• relatively rapid wear - because on cars with installed sequential boxes go, as a rule, very quickly, and such a ride mode and aggressive driving style are kept constantly, it leads to frequent breakdowns and subsequent appeals at the station service. The electronic load distribution unit in a sevenual transmission acts advantage of acceleration, but may also cause a malfunction, since any low speed switching completely disrupts the necessary algorithm and leads to destabilization of the entire system;

• cost supplies and work on their replace / installation - the same as in the case of the electronic unit, the components of the sequential box are an advantage when it comes to high-speed characteristics, but the cost of repairing these mechanisms to the pros this type Transmissions can not be attributed. Consider in it anyone alone is also a dubious prospect for the owner of the car with a sevenual-based box.

IMPORTANT: When repairing a sequential gearbox, only original spare parts must be used. Since the design, such a box is significantly different from mechanics and automaton, replace most of the consumables on the similar used in other boxes will not work.

Misconception about sequential gearbox

For ordinary people, two incorrect stereotypes about sequental checks are the most common. Explain:

• - this is not another name robotic box. At its base, the first uses hydraulic servo, and the second is electric;
• sequental gearbox - This is the no longer an automatic. Do not confuse automatic gearbox with the possibility of transition to manual mode with a sequental analogue.

Conclusions about sequential gearbox
Sequential-based transmission will be an excellent solution for dynamic driving and fast accelerators that do not want to fully manage the car on the logs of modern electronic assistantsBut at the same time they wish not only the maximum drive and adrenaline, but also combine it with comfortable operation, without the need for unnecessary movements and operations.

The automotive industry develops extremely quickly. Every day, new technologies appear, which turn the consciousness of ordinary motorists. A visual example is the evolution of transmission.

The first mechanical gearbox was invented, then an automatic and sequential gearbox appeared. These three stages of development occupied approximately a hundred years. Naturally, branches and specific products that had a narrow circle of application appeared in the process.

Attention! In a number of sources, a sequental box is called robotic.

Sequental boxes are installed on racing cars, trucks and motorcycles. Their main difference from standard manual transmission is the sequential speed switching. Simply put, the driver does not spend time on manipulation with the lever. In addition, the system itself chooses the optimal moment for the transition. Due to this, productivity increases several times.

Attention! If the race will take part two cars are fully identical technical characteristicsIn addition to the gearbox, the one will win the sequential system.

The video shows on the example of the CPP on Honda how the gearbox works:

During the period of the evolution of the transmission, many cars operating at the expense of the machine and mechanics were released. Each of these systems has its own characteristics that in one way or another reflected on a sequential box.

Manual box installed almost at all domestic cars. To its advantages can be ranked high reliability and ease of maintenance. In addition, the mass of the design is much smaller than that of the automatic transmission.

Because of the ease of design in production mechanical box Much cheaper than automatic transmission. Also, it is also impossible not to mark the high efficiency. The main disadvantage is the high complexity of operation for the beginner.

In turn, automatic box Easy in management and does not require long workouts for quick switching. Also, thanks to her, the engine works in optimal mode. Because of this there is no overload.

Historical information about sequential box

Sequental box It is often used by BMW designers in their cars. The first implementation occurred in 1996. Then the E36 M3 model acquired a similar system.

Attention! The modification of the sequential box was called SMG 1.

For five years, drivers managed to evaluate all the advantages of a sequental box. As a result, in 2001, the line is replenished with SMG 2. E46 m3 cars are equipped with it.

The concept of E46 M3 became a real hit. Moreover, the reviews of motorists were about it more than positive. Finally, in 2005 SMG appears 3. In it, the time costs needed to switch are even less.

Sport type M.

This sequential box is considered the last innovative solution. She has 7 steps. Before this a car concern Could not achieve this figure.

The main advantage of the seven-step sequential SMG box is that it allows the driver to make a choice between comfortable and sports regime. Of course, such devices are installed only on powerful vehicles.

Principle and device

The easiest way to compare a sevenual box with mechanics. Moreover, the base they have almost the same. The main difference is the gears. Here, instead of oblique teeth go straight. In the same design there is no clutch as unnecessary.

Attention! The control unit meets the control unit.

Switch itself occurs by hydraulics. Thanks to all these features, a sequental box is often installed on racing cars. Common denominator All these modernization was the fact that the PPC ceased to depend on vibrations. More precisely, the rider does not need to spend time search for the right transmission.

When comparing, a conventional gearbox and a sequental box, it is necessary to pay special attention to the torque switching torque. As soon as this happens, the drive pull is pulled, rotated and pressed. This happens in the standard system, but not in consistent.

In a sequential box, when switching, one traction pulls up, and the other is responsible for pressing. Due to this, the time interval is reduced. This technical innovation made it possible to reach a new level of performance.

What is a sequential gearbox:

Features of functioning

The switching lever in the machines on which the sequented box is installed on the steering wheel. In some modifications you can see the buttons. In this case, the system operates in such modes:

• sports;
• standard;
• automatic.

In the first two versions used mechanics. It is not surprising that many beginner drivers prefer to ride exactly on such a gearbox. Once, they will achieve the desired level of driver skill - for them the entire range of system capabilities will open.

Advantages and disadvantages

Each system has unique features that determine its operation. It did not exception and sequential box. To its main advantages can be found:

• ease of management,
• high gear shift speed
• economy
• several modes of operation.

Sequental gearbox can be both mechanical and automatic. Unfortunately, it did not work out without flaws, and the minuses of the device claims:

• unreliable design;
• fast wear of all parts;
• the need for permanent maintenance.

As an example, you can take a conventional racing machine with a sequental gearbox. After each arrival, the wizards move it. This is a prerequisite for car access to the next race.

Sequental box can be called the result of a long evolution of transmission. It combines the advantages of MCPP and automatic transmission. As a result, such a system provides excellent acceleration potential and minimizes fuel costs. Also, it is impossible not to note the simplicity of operation.

Read 5 min.

It turns out that one thrust at the time of switching is tightened, and the other is pressed. That is, at the time of tightening the thrust of the first transmission of the second transmission traction is pressed. This made it possible to significantly reduce the time interval of switching in comparison with the usual gearbox.

Translated from English sequental translated as a sequence. Therefore, a sequential gearbox means only a sequential speed switching. This principle of work is to exposure to foot management (a motorcycle can serve as an example), for quick switching - sport car; In the case of a large number of gears, the choice of which by switching the lever is not very convenient - this is a tractor, trucks. Most often switching due to the displacement of the control organ from the neutral position. While the principle of work of the classic checkpoint lies in the independent choice of transmission.

Development of sequential box

What are the transmissions boxes not been created in the history of the automotive industry. So the creation of a sequential transmission has not passed by. Most often, we hear, a manual transmission or automatic, but it is worth understanding that this is not limited to this, since there are still many options for switching speeds.

Between these gearbox, there is a difference that it is worth understanding. Take, for example, a conventional machine with a manual box. In this case, the driver independently makes the selection of speed transmission. That is, dispersion, he has the opportunity to switch from the third speed to the fifth or, on the contrary - when braking, go with the fifth to the third. This mechanism can still be called search, as the inclusion of speed transmission completely depends on the driver. Once again, I would like to note that the transmission can be any, most importantly, to match the mode of movement and load on the car.

But what concerns the owners of a sequential gearbox - they are such a possibility of free switching devoid. This action can only be carried out on one value or up, or down. That is, switching will look like this: two to three or four or seven or six or five, which is characteristic of BMW motorcycles and M1-M motorcycles. It is impossible to achieve another switching on such a box.

Sport type M.

A seven-step sequential gearbox was developed relatively recently. This is the first model of the 7-speed SMG gearbox in the global automotive industry. Due to its ultra-long time to switch speeds in combination with power power aggregate It allows its owner to make its own choice of sports or comfortable ride style.

Historical information

Such a box has already managed to become traditional for cars BMW. Already in 1996, SMG 1 began to be installed on the E36 M3 model. In 2001, the equipment of the E46 M3 models was carried out by SMG 2. And already in 2005, the E60 M5 model passed the SMG gearbox setting the gearbox (which began to distinguish this transmission from previous models, so this is a noticeable reduction in the time transmission time.

This third-generation transmission model is equipped with individual shift drive throws, which made it possible to achieve a tangible loosening of thrust at the time of switching. How could this happen?

How does the switching process occurs

By comparing the usual gearbox with sequential SMG 3, you pay attention that in a conventional gearbox at the time of switching the shift drive drive pulls up, then rotated and pressed. In a compaable device, everything is different. It turns out that one thrust at the time of switching is tightened, and the other is pressed. That is, at the time of tightening the thrust of the first transmission of the second transmission traction is pressed. This made it possible to significantly reduce the time interval of switching in comparison with the usual gearbox.

Work sequential gearbox

So, a familiar mechanical gearbox has evolved and allowed to come to a new type of transmission, which should simplify the driver control by the car. And in such an important invention was the automatic transmission, which was upgraded and improved. And today, it gives the opportunity to the driver, in general, do not think about what and when to switch speed. But no one dropped the mechanical equipment to the side. She also continued to develop and here the result of these surveys was the sequential gearbox. The result of such a transmission was the inclusion of speed in a strict sequence.

Principle of operation

This type of checkpoint was developed on the basis of mechanics. The main difference between this transmission lies in the fact that instead of the osospheric, gears with straight teeth are installed here, and there is no clutch pedal (an electronic control unit has been taken on this role). Switching gears in the box is carried out using a hydraulic mechanism, which leads to a significant reduction in speed switching.

Special distribution installation of the gearbox with a sequental mechanism found in racing cars. Realizing that such a sequential gearbox will be particularly convenient to drivers drivers, it means that it was necessary to perform such an installation on racing autocars. This is explained by the fact that high speed contributes strong vibration Auto and in this case, the driver is difficult to get into the required transmission, while the sequential gearbox is able to cope with such a task.

Advantages and disadvantages

Such a sequential transmission has its own characteristics. The advantages of this unit can be distinguished by the absence of a clutch pedal, which is especially convenient for beginner drivers. Following positive quality, characterizing this device model - speed switching speed, which exceeds classic automatic and mechanical transmissions. Another advantage is economy that occurs due to the abbreviated speed switching. It is also possible to select mode - mechanics or automatic.

The disadvantage of this device can be called its design. That is, this mechanism is not resistant to wear and with high load quickly fails. As an example, racing auto channels can be brought. After each check-in, the sequential gearbox is most often subjected to mandatory bulkhead. In principle, if you do not comply with the operational rules, then on the serial auto sequential gearbox may fail, which means it will entail expensive repairs.

Thanks to the evolution of the mechanical classical gearbox, new types of transmission appeared, which one way or another allow you to make the control of the car easier and comfortable. Automatic transmission has become a huge breakthrough in this area. Every year, she continued to modify and improve, giving the driver to not think about switching gear. At the same time, the mechanical checkpoint was not going to lag behind: it was also transformed, formed new, more advanced variations.

Sequental gearbox has become one of these innovations. It is strikingly different from others and allows you to change the transfer only in a strictly installed sequence: down to go to one below, up - one above.

Sequental gearbox: work principle

In the database of the transmission of this species lies a mechanical regular transmission. Among the main differences, it is worth noting the implementation of the switching due to the hydraulics mechanism, the absence of the clutch pedal (the system management is carried out by electronic unit) and the change in the cososheld gears on the strait. Provide data structural features a significant reduction in switching speed, which is extremely important for racing and sports cars.

Where used

Such a gearbox acquired distribution on racing competitions. This was done with the calculation that the rider in the process of high-speed driving (when vibration and heavy loads act on the car) will be easier to successively switch transmissions than try to get into a certain one.

Also, the sequential gearbox has long been actively used on ordinary serial cars and managed to acquire greater popularity. Among the motorists, she was called a manual transmission regime.

Clutch

Despite the absence of the appropriate pedal, the sequential gearbox has a clutch controlled by a specially intended electronic unit. It adapts a signal from the sensor that determines the pressure force on the gas pedal, and includes the necessary transmission.

The electronic unit sends the command to the CAT to special sensors. After accepting the command, they transmit a signal to a progressive unit in which there are speed data. This device is the last element responsible for changing the engine operation. It accepts commands from different sensors, from the included air conditioning and pressing force on the pedal. Calculates and adjusted speed mode Based on this information.

Classification

Sequential gearbox is divided into gearbox using servos (with or without or without automation) and a direct action checkpoint, which is mainly distributed on motorcycles. The principle of the latter is as follows: the transition to one upper transmission by the corresponding movement of the lever is made. The reverse algorithm is used to transfer to the bottom. It is turned off between the second and first gears, it is turned on with an incomplete lever lead.

Transmission management on vehicles is performed by a lever used as a switch, as well as a mode selector. It is possible to use "petals" or buttons located on the steering wheel itself. Duplicate principle (lever + pedal) is used on tractors.

Dignity

TO strong sides The checkpoint refers to the absence of the host pedal itself, thanks to which the newcomers make themselves much more comfortable. Another indisputable advantage is an enlarged switching rate compared to automatic transmission or standard mechanical (still in a high-speed aspect, a camping box occupies a leading position).

Makes up a switch of approximately 150 ms. Such a short time interval is achieved due to the presence of a hydraulic basis servo and electronic control Systems. Sequential automatic transmission changes in motor racing all rules of the game. Also, the car acquires best clutch With road surface, since vibration and shaking are practically absent. The driver does not have to put pressure on the gas pedal to achieve the necessary number of revolutions before the transition to increased transmission will be performed.

The following advantage is the ability to select a switching mode. It can be automatic or manual control. There is usually three modes:

• fully automated;
• sports mechanical;
• standard mechanical.

Automatic adaptive sequential gearbox is characterized by the presence of buttons on the steering wheel itself, so that the driver may not be distracted, control the transmissions. Also, the fuel consumption of the car is significantly reduced due to competently organized transmission.

Weak sides

The constructions of the transmission lies the disadvantages of this type. Difficulties in the low wear resistance of the hydraulics mechanism, which is subject to fast wear With a high-speed ride, because of what he often fails. The owners of racing cars have to sort out the whole design very often.

Sequental gearbox on VAZ and other serial cars Not experiencing large loads and much longer costs without repair. Nevertheless, you need to properly exploit the mechanism, be able to feel the time of the desired decrease or increase transmission in mechanical mode. Otherwise, any transmission department may suffer, for example, hydraulic driveWhat will fall into expensive and long-term repairs.

Presented at the end of June 2015 in Goodwood, you could pay attention to the presence of a sequential gearbox, which has long become an integral attribute of sports and supercars. Since some dockers are interested in the device and features of this type of checkpoint, I will tell you about her. Sequental gearbox It is distinguished by the possibility of only sequential switching between transmissions. In other words, the driver can only go to one transmission above either below the used, not jumping through the rest, as can be done in a classic mechanical gearbox with a search principle of switching. I propose to get acquainted in more detail with this type of switching boxes and dispel a couple of delusions associated with sequential checkpits.

Principle of operation of sequential gearbox

As we have already found out, the transmission of this type of transmission switches only alternately, in a strictly defined sequence. And since the sequential gearbox is built on the basis of mechanical, we will make references on the principle of work precisely to the manual transmission.

FirstlyFor sequential gearbox, the absence of the clutch pedal is characterized, which will first of all please do not make drivers experienced. This greatly facilitates the control of the car, because constant dancing with the left foot on the clutch pedals, right for example, is an amateur thing. The clutch is controlled not the driver, but an electronic unit that receives a signal from sensors reading the press on the gas pedal and directly turn on the specific transmission. As they say, the case of technology. When the box receives a command from the electronic unit, a new signal is transmitted to the progressive unit using a special sensor to the progressive unit. The progressive unit is the last instance where high-speed mode is adjusted based on various indicators: ranging from engine speeds and ending with the operation of the air conditioner.
Video demonstrating the operation of a sequential gearbox. How rapidly switch speeds!

SecondlyThe sequental gearbox uses straight gears. They issue a greater efficiency of the useful effect, if we compare with ososes from the MCPP. This is due to the fact that the chickens have more friction losses. But the torque of the straightforward gears are capable of transmitting smaller, so in sequential gearboxes often use larger gears to compensate for this shortcoming.

Finally third distinctive feature Sequential transmission is the presence of hydraulic servo drives, with which switching between transmissions occurs. Currently, hydraulic servo drives are often associated with robotic gearboxBut it is not. The latter uses electrical.
About one of the options for execution of a sequental box tells Yevgeny herbalists in his video:

Advantages and disadvantages of sequential gearbox

Now that we have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe principle of operation of the transmission mentioned, let's understand what it is worth expecting from her.

Benefits:
1. High speed and convenience of switching between gears. Due to the presence of an electronic control unit and a hydraulic mechanism, time-time switching costs are reduced to 150 milliseconds, which plays a significant role in professional motor racing. More than one of the classical transmissions, both mechanical and automatic, cannot boast more shock gear. In addition, with a sequental gearbox you will not be convulsive to try to get into the right speed, rushing from all horse power On the ring, when to keep the car on the correct trajectory interferes with high load and shaking with vibration.

2. No speed loss when switching.

3. Economical fuel consumption.
The last two points are rather the consequence of the first, but we cannot but take into account this, paying for a sequential gearbox.

4. Ability to switch to stealing petals. Yes, this technology, so loved by real riders, has opened due to the sequential switching mechanism.
By the way, the gamers also loved this mechanism. Some even themselves take to develop such boxes \u003d)

The fifth advantage could be called a choice between two modes - automatic and manual transmissions (the so-called sport mode). But this feature is characteristic of automatic gearbox. And since the sequental transmission may exist independently, we will leave this advantage of certain types of automatic gearbox.

Disadvantages:
Here we are talking not only about the loads that test the Bolides of Formula 1 on the race track, but also on the loads that the hydraulic mechanism may experience with improperly switching on civilians. No matter how simply switching transfers to sequental gearbox, it is necessary to do this in a timely manner. The aggregates of this transmission are quite sensitive and quickly wears due to the design features. After all, the harder the mechanism, the greater the likelihood of his breakdown.

2. Horificate in service. Actually, here you can also refer to the design features of the sequential gearbox, and without unnecessary comments.

Misconceptions and myths associated with sequential gearbox

1. Sequential gearbox and robotic gearbox is the same.
By all, it is not. Despite similar principle of work, in a robotic checkp. At least electrical servo drives are used to switch between transmissions. And in the sequential gearbox - hydraulic.

2. Sequental and automatic gearbox are inseparable.
Another error caused by the wide distribution of automatic gearbox in a pair with a "sport-mode". However, it is worth remembering the checkpoint used in the motor racing, and everything falls into place. Sequental gearbox can exist separately from automatic transmission.

3. The sequented mechanism is installed only on the barges and other sports cars, along with a cam box.
Undoubtedly, the duet of these two technologies gives a huge advantage on the track, but no longer one ten years old sequental gearbox is used on serial cars intended for public roads.

Application of sequential gearbox

Currently, the sequental mechanism is widely used and even managed to become a classic for some motorcycles and cars. For example, this type of transmission is characteristic of an old motorcycle. But the more popular use of this technology was famous for the SMG gearbox models installed on bMW cars Since 1996.

SMG 1 and SMG 2 for a long time were installed on the BMW 3 series.
A moment of nostalgia or as it was:

1-Light switch indicator for increased gear; 2-Inclusion indicator and program;

3-Control lever; 4-; 5-Motion Program Switch (in the Central Console).

Main components first generation SMG. Depicted in the picture:

1 ECU system SMG.; 2 ECU aBS systems ; 3 Indicator included and program (in tachometer); 4 ECU indicator included and program
5 Motion Program Switch (in the Central Console); 6 Control lever position indicator (in the center console); 7 SMG six-speed gearbox with executive knot; 8 SMG gear mechanism bracket; 9 Drive pump; 10 Executive Cylinder Hydraulic Clutch; 11 Clutch; 12 Hydraulic block; 13 Tank of the main cylinder; 14 ECU of the DME system*
Now SMG is already available in the third generation and since 2005 is installed on the BMW E60 M5.