How the gas station (gas station) is arranged. Gas refills: species, features and characteristic differences in oil workers enough

About how the modern gas station is planned, not all car enthusiasts are conceived. But in order for the fuel to fall into the car tank, it should go through a rather complicated way along the gas stations that the most modern technologies are now used.

At petrol stations, fuel falls in different ways, the fuel can bring with the help of railway composition, and can be delivered to the destination using the pipeline, but it is most often brought to separate stations using conventional fuel trucks.

Modern fuel trucks, as a rule, have several internal sections, so they bring several types of fuel at once. From a section of 10,900 liters, the fuel will merge about half an hour. All this time, the refueling fuel will be prohibited for safety and more accurate subsequent reporting in the volume of fuel.

Before fuel merges into underground storages, it takes control. First of all, documents on fuel are checked, the filling on the tank is revealed, the level of its completion is checked, and the fuel analysis is taken. New fuel checked on density, roughly speaking, it should not be diluted with water intentionally or by chance due to rainwater, condensate, etc.

After checking the fuel using the drain pipe, it is connected to the tank and the fuel drop begins.

Tolerance

Tanks for fuel can be ground or underground. They are made of steel and most often make two-layers for safety. Typically, the fuel storage containers do not exceed 50 cubic meters, but there are capacity capacity of more than 200 cubic meters, such storages are considered already mini-tank farms to which their requirements apply.

The level of fuel in the tank itself is measured by the tank. Measurement of the fuel level is carried out not only during fuel plum, but also when operators replacing.

1. Receiver valve. It does not give fuel to merge from pipelines and all equipment back to the tank. Without a valve, the pump would have to fully fill the entire system from the tank to the filling gun, and this is an extra cost of electricity and time.

2. Filter. Another filter element on the gas station, it can be installed immediately after the receiving valve or in the gas separator (5). If the filter is clogged, then the rumble is heard when refilling, as the pump has to work with great effort.

3 and 4. Engine and pump. They work in a pair, are contented, as a rule, belt transmission, but there are also such structures where the pump and the engine are sitting on the same shaft. The belt transmission is more secure, as it is protected from elevated engine loads.

5. Gas separator. In accordance with the title, separates extra gases from fuel, which in a calm state are in suspension, and with active stirring of fuel, they are combined and begin to create a foam. The gas separator device is extremely simple - this is a small tank in which the fuel is lingering for a while, and extra gases are freely leaving drainage holes on top.

6. Electromagnetic valve. Opened when fuel supply and closes immediately, after the fuel injection stops. If this valve is broken, it may simply block the entire system or not close it, in the latter case, even after turning off the pump, the fuel will enter the distribution gun on the inertia. With an inclusive electromagnetic valve, the TRC refills about 0.2-0.5 liters of extra fuel.

7. Fluid meter. It may be called in different ways, for example, the fuel measuring, the fluid meter, etc., but the function of it is one - accurately measured the amount of fuel. Tank meters can be electronic or mechanical. In the first case, the accuracy setting is carried out using special commands, in the second case with the help of adjusting bolts.

8. Viewing window. It is a hollow flask with glass. If the flask is filled with fuel, then the receiving valve works and the fuel remains in the system after disconnecting the pump.

It may be called in different ways, designed to control the fuel supply to the neck of the tank, also cuts off the fuel supply when the tank is overflowing.

10, 11, 12. Management system. The system combines the TRC and the operator control panel.

Read more about the refueling gun

The gun of the gun for refueling is not such a simple, as it seems at first glance. In addition to the fuel supply function, inside there is a fuel cutting system when the tank is overflowing.

How this system works can be viewed on the video that is above. With a normal supply of fuel through a small tube and a jaw in the gun enters the air. As soon as the fuel comes to the level of the fuel tube, the fuel and air pressure in the protection system falls sharply, the membrane reacts to it and the cut-off spring is triggered, the fuel supply stops. When the protection system is triggered, the fuel will not be supplied until the gun lever will not be "crushed" again.

The exception is except the unusual scheme with the top location of the TRK. But such schemes are used extremely rare, primarily due to the shortage of such equipment and certain difficulties with its maintenance. There is no special benefit from this location of the TRC, except that cars can be accommodated a little more tightly, and the TRC itself cannot be hurting the car.

In 1888, gasoline began selling in pharmacies.

In 1907, the first gas station opened in the USA, it was a warehouse with gasoline cans. Later, the stations with one large reservoir began to appear, from which the fuel was signed by Self.

In Russia, the first gas station opened in 1911 by the Imperial Automobile Society.

Modern gas stations are not limited to selling only fuel. Many have small stores with related goods, products, there are cafes, washing, etc. The development of gas stations in the United States, where the gas station is only part of the complex includes parking lots for heavy trucks, leisure and leisure centers, shops, cafes and more.

In Russia, more than 25,000 automotive gas stations, approximately 600 of them are within the Moscow Ring Road. In the US, more than 120,000 gas stations, in Canada approximately 14,000, and in the UK there are more than 9,000, despite the fact that in the 90s there were more than 18,000.

Drivers with experience know, on what gas stations the highest quality gasoline. The invaluable experience every "AU Russian Trails" copies are not careful for the sake of the sake for. Because he experienced the retreat from the standards, the presence of impurities (that sin to hone: at least gasoline is not sour cream, but it is diluted with water, fuel with a lower octane number) are fraught with large troubles.

Filters have been hammered, rogged candles

If you approach the question without due attention, the car slowly, but right, and sometimes instantly, responds to violation of the rules of "food". Crashing filters, malfunctions Nozzles, Nagar Candles - a far from a complete list of troubles, waiting for us after we poured into the fuel tank, if we assured us that it was good gasoline.

What you need to know in order to avoid the troubles associated with a visit to the "not the" gas station? To begin with, we analyze the factors affecting the quality of fuel: (measure starting, working and end fraction, measure of alkali content, acids, organic compounds, etc.

Although there is an opinion that it is not always fuel on branded gas stations better than that, which is implemented by little-known points, many drivers for a question about "best gasoline", on what refueling they trade, answer what they like Shell, Rosneft, some others Split stations.

When not a lemonade

How to find out about the progress of fuel quality? The law-abiding owners of each refueling are exposed to universal reviews special certificates. I want to believe: in fact, everything is written. Unfortunately, the practice shows: not always the official certificate data shook with reliability. It is impossible to demand the same utility from gasoline 80 and 95 - fractional indicators are different.

Before talking about what gas stations sell the highest quality gasoline, rating, we estimate other consumer. The most popular is the 95th, the least requested - the 76th. And what? It seems that some gas station workers learned the Council of Dale Carnegie "If fate gave you a lemon - make a lemonade from it" to your mercenary way. Applying the so-called additives for diesel fuel (enhancers), they from the 76th Lemon do whatever, right up to the 95th "Brandy".

This dubious mixture works a huge number of cars throughout the country. Especially harmful to the machine, the improvements originally added to the raw materials from which gasoline was produced. However, not all "shoals" stacks are stacked on the conscience of fuel traders. So, falls if it was stored for too long. In this case, the resin content increases (due to the increase in the concentration of fuel hydrocarbons).

Question friend

How not to miss with the choice of gas stations? Methods have a lot. First of all, ask those whose opinion you consider objective and honest (friends, colleagues at work, relatives). Although in this narrow circle, opinions may disperse, you can catch the vector of action, draw conclusions. The most high-quality and proven brands in Russia in 2016 are considered: "LUKOIL", Gazpromneft, Shell, TNK. But maybe it is only about the center?

There is an opinion that traveling around the country can be faced with the fact that a gas station with a high reputation in metropolitan consumers implements fuel that does not correspond to the stated quality. What to do in this case? Inscribe local residents from the number of motorists, where they prefer to be serviced. Or watch the "behavior" of cars with local rooms. Which station is most of all - the truth is there.

More subtlety: alert with excessive use of bright words "Suite", "Premium" in the Fuel Price List at the station. Recall that the dust in our eyes can do everything in our advertising time. Looking a little modesty: the name of the brand without any "suites". So the goods are presented where there is no need to prove that it is high-quality and proven.

Passport gasoline

What gas stations are the highest quality gasoline? Reviews of the people sometimes slightly (and sometimes radically) change the emphasis in places. For example, the top three includes Shell. It is believed that the product is environmentally friendly (complies with the EURO-4 standard), the GOST norms are observed. The fuel system is not contaminated. But you can hear about the fact that Shell (as well as "TNK") in some cases sells fuel stored on not the coolest refuses (the owners of storages are drawn by partners, to put it mildly, not something).

Therefore, attention, attention and once again attention. Look at the gas station, find a gasoline passport there. If the fuel has improved, it has a separate document. Read whether this process was performed on GOST or on the basis of technical conditions. Evaluate environmental safety, find the name of the oil refinery.

Passport gasoline can be overdue (valid 10 days). At the end of this time, the initial indicators are reduced, the quality of fuel falls. Do not risk, do not buy fuel at gas stations before you familiarize yourself with your passport data. If there is no document in the form of the document - this is already a sign of the unscrupulousness of the seller.

Do not chase, chauffeur, for cheap!

Almost every second driver at least once thought about where to buy not too expensive gasoline. Complete desire. But standing at the dressing with the goods "at a reasonable price", think about: Gleansky is unlikely to be so cheap, and the manufactured one will probably be too useful for your car. The quality of the conditions is initially less rigid.

In the knowledge of what gas stations are the highest quality gasoline, of course, power. But always remember that in large cities of a falsified and poor-quality fuel less, they are better away from them better to keep the ears on the painter. In addition, on weekdays gasoline is better than on weekends and holidays.

Check the quality. Look at the appearance of a flammable liquid, rate the color gamut. There are poisonous shades - do not risk, do not fill the gas tank, even if the price is tempting.

About color. Experts say that the A-72 is pink, the A-76 is yellow, in the 93rd - orange-red, the 95th reminds the priority of gastric juice (yellow-green). Although there are those who find that sometimes he looks like a lemonade "Diushes", and doubt as.

What smells?

There is an inspection to the touch. This is done like this: gasoline dripped on the hand (the back side is more sensitive). Dry skin? You made a good choice. Remain fat traces? Stop! The fuel added a diesel fuel than the quality reduced. Very unpleasant smell - also the signal of fuel disadvantage. Car owners with experience and attentive beginners are alarming when they catch the smell of magnificent rubber, chemistry.

These tips help to recognize low-quality grades of fuel, but are not ideal testing methods. There are still chemical analyzes that can be carried out at home. Pour the studied substance into a glass of glass and are observed. At the bottom formed deposits from soot? This suggests that the fuel is enriched with carbon or benzene.

If you take a sheet of paper and put a drop of gasoline on it, the real will evaporate without a trace, poor and dirty trail will leave behind himself. If you set fire to the drop - the net burns without a trace, more precisely, the white circle will remain. The presence of brown and yellow indicates the excess of the resin content. Particularly vigilant drivers resort to the study of fuel consumed by the beloved machine, in special laboratories.

We continue testing

Before the laboratory and did not react? Continue personal experiments: Look, how does a drop of gasoline behave on the glass? "Extensive" spread in diameter up to 5 mm? It means that the concentration of resins in it is 9-10 milligrams per 100 milliliters (the rate for high-quality fuel is 7-15 mg).

Split to 30 millimeters? The resins content is exceeded and reaches from about 19 to 21 milligrams per hundred milliliters. Permanent excess for this indicator twice the engine testing by 20%.

On the amount of water in the gasoline under study. Add to the vessel with fuel crystalline manganese. If the composition becomes typical purple - in it excess H2O. In high-quality fuel, the crystals are not soluble. Water gasoline will be in disreterance of the spark plug, pollute the fuel equipment.

Beautiful word "aryometer"

Cannient? It is worth learn to recognize the highest quality gasoline in Russia, on what refills it is most likely to find it. Many people like to use a household gasolinener (aryometer). Of course, it is not necessary to fully rely on the accuracy of the data obtained with it. But if you need to separate the "grains from the spurred" and determine gasoline and diesel, then the aryometer is what you need. Having reveaing problems with fuel, pick up time for professional diagnostics of the car.

In the event of a breakdown and repair of transport due to poor-quality injections, having laboratory conclusions about poor-quality fuel on the hands, it is possible to contact Rospotrebnadzor (engaged in the protection of consumer rights) with a statement for reimbursement of the cost of bringing the machine to the working condition.

TOP 10

Waning out where there is the highest quality on what gas stations, some motorists did reviews, driving through the expanses of Russia. The experiment showed that eight sulfur sample samples corresponded to grade 4 (a pair of which approached the fifth), two showed the third class (we are talking about the sulfur content). So not everything is so sad. If you are refueling not from the fuel truck, do not chase for the cheapness, you have every chance to refuel the 95th, in whatever corner of the country you will have a hunt for changing places.

Praise the brands "Gazpromneft", "Kirishih gasoline" (tests give a steady positive result). The first of the named two plants is in Moscow and Yaroslavl, both guarantee product quality.

More about those that are counted to the "dozen brave": these are well-known companies "TNK", Rosneft, Shell. Many "TNK-BP" are familiar, "Nest." The gas stations of these brands are based on domestic fuel (exception - 98th gasoline). But be attentive: not in that place or "not at such a time" can be encountered with the fact of the incomprehension of the desired and valid - there are complaints of quality from consumers.

German and Russian quality

There is a small company "Statotal" and a large, known, but not too beloved by the consumers "PTK". Complete a list of average quality "Tatneft" (no own refuse) and "Bashneft" (there is a base). They divided the 10th place among themselves. With regard to global assessments, there is an international center for Nazru for fuel quality. It is believed that the highest quality gasoline in the world is realized in Germany. In the second position of Japan, on the third - six countries, among which Austria, Estonia, Fidjadia, Hungary, PCC.

What is it, the highest quality on which refueling is? The question is rather rhetorical. Some are confident that you need to adhere to the principle "One gas station is one manufacturer." Others believe that you can contact different stations, if only they were branded. Third people say that at a small refueling can be twisted with high-quality fuel, and on the luxury fly. This is only part of the opinions!

It seems the most wise one of them: do not look for an unequivocal answer to the question of what gas stations are the highest quality gasoline. Follow the essence of the question. And you will always find the desired, drive around in the endless Russian expanses.

In total, Russia is 15,000 gas stations, of which only about 40% belong to oil companies, the rest - independent, told the "Vedomosti" Head of the TEK Department of the Federal Antimonopoly Service Dmitry Makhonin. But in terms of the scoly (fuel sold through one gas station), the proportion of the reverse, oil workers sell more: their share in sales is about 60%.

Oilmans have enough refueling

The antimonopoly service, as a rule, does not agree on the purchase by vertically integrated companies of several dozen gas stations, Makhonin says: "This allows you to maintain a balance between independent gas stations and refills belonging to oilmen." True, there were no requests for large transactions with refueling for a long time ago and oil workers do not plan them in the near future, he knows. According to him, point purchases - 1-2 gas stations - occur.

The top three companies owned by the largest networks of gas stations in Russia include Rosneft (2897 fasteners), LUKOIL (2603), Gazprom Neft (1244).

Representative of Rosneft did not answer whether the company would increase the retail network. LUKOIL does not consider the issue of a significant increase in the gas station in the long run, the extensive path of development has already been passed, there will be no mass departure from the regions, says the company's representative.

"Gazprom Neft's long-term strategy involves a slight increase in the number of gas stations, priority is an increase in efficiency," Alexander Krylov said the Director of Regional Sales. Shell (more than 220 gas stations) plans to increase the network, says the company's representative: "By the end of the year we will operate filling stations in Nizhny Novgorod and Samara. Shell examines Russia as one of the most priority regions for the development of a gas station network. "

How to work independent gas stations

When the retail sector developed, the gas station was built where he would have to, says the head of the Russian Fuel Union Grigory Sergienko: "The main thing was to put the column. It was believed that gasoline would always be. It turned out that there is no. He learned only when in the early 1990s came to Russia. "

"She showed how to choose a place for gas stations, analyze the demand for fuel, etc., - continues Sergienko. "So then the oilmen acted - they bought that it was beneficial from the point of view of the location, strait and profitability of refueling, and now there are gas stations outside their attention, which attracts little." Makhonin says that recently the share of independent refills has declined insignificant.

Oil workers are boiled coffee

In 2016, Gazprom Neft sold 21 million cups of coffee at gas stations. "All coffee machines on our gas stations are also managed from a single automated center, which monitors compliance with the recipe and the number of cups sold," says the wings. - Sales of coffee consistently grow. In the first eight months of 2017, revenue from the sale of coffee reached 1.7 billion rubles. - It is 22% more than in the same period last year. "

Retail business is uninteresting - the investment attraction is low, Sergienko notes. The times when in winter, although with low demand, the margin reached 30-35%, went into the past, now it is 13%, and if you find the cost of business content, then profitability goes to the zero zone, says the leading analyst "algorithm. Fuel integrator "Victor Kostyuki.

Due to the reduction of profitability " Lukoil "I thought about selling a third gas station, but I refused the idea. "In 2017, the retail first encountered a sharp decline in profitability," the wings state. "But nowhere in the world retail remains the center of profits of oil companies." "Oilmanship yield in this segment is not important. They earn at wholesale sales, "Sergienko assures: vertically integrated companies dominate the market, establish the rules of the game and the price and thereby bury the independent retail.

Makhonin says that recent years the total number of gas stations in Russia holds almost at the same level. Vertically integrated companies prefer to build gas stations, and not buy them.

Independent gas stations have to survive. Some manages to negotiate with oil companies about the franchise work, but Sergienko knows about them. Others agree to sell fuel oil workers for the commission, increase sales of related goods or trade with surrogate fuel. The last state is trying to stop.

For the development of independent retail, all fuel consumers should have equal access to petroleum products, the general director of the company "Solide - Commodity Markets" belongs (it belongs to 18 gas stations in the Smolensk and Nizhny Novgorod regions) Ilya Moroz: "You need at least half of the fuel that is implemented in the domestic market, Sell \u200b\u200bthrough transparent stock trading. " In addition, shipment of fuel on the stock market should mirrorly repeat the proportion of shipments on the over-the-counter market - shipments on the pipe on the stock exchange very little, it complains.

Cafes and electric cars

To increase profitability, it is necessary to reduce the costs and receive additional income from the effective organization of retail, the wings believes. For Rosneft, the sale of related goods has a priority value, its representative says: for two years, sales of the concomitant business increased by 20%, the strategy provides for an increase in sales twice as 3-5 years.

The fire extinguisher was used - what to do next? What is the name of the refueling of the device? When should it be done? What kind of fire extinguishers exist?

Restarting fire extinguishers is called - "Re-" or "Recharge".

The fire extinguisher recharge service is needed not only to large companies, but also private traders have a fire extinguisher. It is extremely recommended that this procedure is not recommended because it can lead to injury, in case of not compliance with certain security measures.

To learn about when this procedure is necessary, it is easy enough. If your fire extinguisher was used at least once, and after that I stood over a week, then this procedure is simply necessary for you.

Many experts recommend to conduct this procedure immediately after the first use. However, despite all the prescriptions, many people ignore these requirements. After that, the most unforeseen situations may arise, ranging from the displacement of the fire extinguisher, ending with other problems.

Even if the fire, in your opinion, cannot happen in your company, under any circumstances, you still have to use the recharge service. According to the safety regulations, this procedure should be carried out with absolutely all companies and individuals, after the fire extinguisher was used at least once.

Is it possible to do without a fire extinguisher?

It is worth noting that it is almost impossible to do without a fire extinguisher. Such a vital thing, how the fire extinguisher must be present, both in the car and in any office, store and so on. Even if you have other fire fighting facilities, the presence of a fire extinguisher is required for all.

If you have questions about these activities, you can always go to the website www.gorpozhservice.ru and get the most complete and comprehensive information on the company's activities and on how to solve this or that problem. It employs the highest level professionals who will be happy to help you.

We note that the cost of services in this company is an order of magnitude lower than that of most competing firms. In order for this to make sure it is enough to simply compare prices.

What fire extinguishers are?

There are several types of fire extinguishers that are used in our country. It is worth noting that they all can be used to solve problems associated with fire. The most popular are considered:

• Air foam fire extinguishers.
• Powder.
• Carbon dioxide.

All of them have the right to exist, however, in the opinion of many, the most simple and effective are powder. In fact, everything is not so obvious here. In a variety of situations, there will be more efficient types of fire extinguishers.

With open fire, powder and air-foam show itself.

If we talk about small fires that are difficult to determine, it is best to show carbon dioxide.

Whatever the Vaga fire extinguisher, remember that timely service can protect not only your property, but also life.

On my question: "What type of gas installation is?", I answered: "Yes, I don't know, usual like everyone else!". I clarified: "You refuel" than finally confused your friend ...

As it turned out later, quite a lot of motorists with the HBO installed not "in the know" what they are refilled (methane or propane-butane), they have installed and they have it. Such a state of affairs pushed me to the idea, write an article on in which all points will be "placed", allowing a simple motorist to understand what the gas refills are different and which gas refills exist. If the topic is relevant to you then continue reading and confident, you will discover a lot of interesting and new ...

Despite the overall error of the car with HBO, it is not refueling at all refills, or rather there are gas stations that have a gas that is not suitable for a given HBO installation. Gas fuel, which is used in the automotive industry mainly to share for two types it: liquefied gas (a mixture of propane and butane, is also called propane-butane LPG - LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) As well as compressed (methane CNG - Compressed Natural Gas) compressed at a very low temperature. As a result, it turns out a gas mixture that can be stored with not high pressure - liquefied gas, or LPG - LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS.

As I already wrote in my previous articles, LPG or propane-butane mixture produce refineries after which it is transported to refueling in tanks. There at the gas station of the AGZS (automotive gas station) propane-butane merges in the storage chambers after which cars have been refilling equipped with HBOs from these tanks. Refilling cars under pressure 16 atmospheres.

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) or compressed methane is made directly on the refueling stations themselves, which are called - Agkel (Automotive gas filler compression station). Compressed methane goes on the AGNKC on the pipeline, the same "Makar" like household gas, which is almost in every apartment. At the station gas is subjected to compression to 200 atmospheres, after which they are refilled by cars equipped with appropriate equipment.

Externally distinguish AGZS And the agcline can be in size. As a rule, the AGNKS occupies a much larger territory rather than the agzzh, while the arrangement, and the equipment itself is also worth a lot of money. Methane refills of the AGNKC are most often located outside the city, for the reasons described above. Methane refills are much less common, it is possible that it is the unpopularity of methane among motorists.

The Agzz is opposed to a little space and can be installed in the city, on any classical gas station, or at a small enterprise, which fills its gas technology. The aggzes itself is a fuel tank, (which can be under or above the ground), the pump, as well as the compressor, pumping pressure and dispensing column.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated and if you figure it out, the differences between the AGNKS and the AGZS are completely obvious and understandable.