How to use an automatic transmission and how does it work? How the automatic transmission is running the hydraulic control circuit of the automatic transmission.

As technology development develops, the design became more complicated and modernized. Currently, the transformer on the automatic transmission performs the clutch functions. That is, during transmission adventures, this element opens the connection of the box with the engine. Immediately after turning on the increase or lower transmission, the torque converter takes part of the torque, which allows to ensure the maximum smooth switching of the steps.

Principle of operation | General information | Device |

The design of the torque converter for an automatic transmission consists of three rings with blades. All three rings according to rotate and are located in one case. Inside the housing is located working fluidwhich allows you to lubricate and cool moving elements. The hydrotransformer is planned crankshaftand then connects directly with the gearbox. The working fluid is inserted into the device body using a special pump. Pump allows you to provide the necessary pressure, and with problems with the tightness of the design, active leaks of the working fluid appear, which in turn causes damage to the mechanical rotating elements.

Modern torque converters, which are used on, have fully computer control, and numerous sensors monitor the pressure and speed of the shafts inside the transformer core. It must be said that such a complication of the design led to a decrease in the reliability of the device and on underwater transformer device generally. In particular, operational periods and indicators of reliability affects operation in the maximum rigid modes, which is characteristic of modern cars.

Work of the videotransformer video

Control operation of the hydrotransformer and its optimization with is performed using a special control unit. This is completely automatic system Control receives data from numerous sensors installed in the box and hydrotransformer itself. When any problems appear in the operation of the device, the automation displays an error message. In some cases, the full blocking of the operation of the hydrotransformer may be shown, which leads to the engine disconnection when the box operation modes change. It should also be noted that most transformer breakdowns occurs on mechanical level. Therefore, when performing the car diagnostics, it is difficult to determine the nature and place of breakdown. It is necessary to disassemble the damaged element and visually conduct its inspection. Only so possible to determine the existing breakdown.

Engineers leading autographs constantly conduct research that should allow to increase the indicators of reliability of technology and eliminate the problems in the operation of this device. The emergence of new design developments makes it possible to significantly upgrade the hydrotransformer, which today can easily be used on vehicles equipped with diesel engines. For those diesel engines It is characterized by a high torque indicator. If earlier the transmission struggled with high torque indicators and rather quickly failed, today the reliability of automatic gearboxes and hydrotransformers has increased significantly.

Distributorator automatic transformer device

Theoretically, the life of the hydrotransformer coincides with. However, like any other mechanical element, it may fail and require repair. In some cases it is necessary to conduct full replacement hydrotransformer, which leads to essential expenses of the car owner on repair of the hydrotransformer.

UKPP hydrotransformer Signs of malfunction

We describe the main symptoms of damage to the torque converters, which should be a reason for the speedy contact of specialized repair shops.

1 When switching gear, light mechanical sound can be heard. With increasing revolutions and under load, the mechanical sound disappears. This may indicate problems with supporting bearings. It is necessary to disassemble the hydrotransformer and evaluate the state of bearings.

2 In the speed range from 60 to 90 kilometers per hour, light vibration can be marked. As problems deteriorate with a torque converter, the vibration will increase. This can be caused by the fact that the wear of the working fluid can be scored the oil filter. In this case repair of the hydrotransformer is to replace oil filter and hydrotransformer working fluid. As a rule, it is necessary to simultaneously replace the oil in the motor and gearbox.

3 The presence of problems with the dynamics of the car indicates the failure of the so-called overtaking coupling. In this case, it is necessary to disassemble the hydrotransformer and change the fautled coupling.

4 Stopping the car without the possibility of continuing the movement indicates damage to the slot on a turbine wheel. Repair of the hydrotransformer It is to install new slots or replacing the entire turbine wheel.

5 The appearance of a characteristic rustling noise with an engineered car indicates problems with the bearing, which are located between the turbine or the reactor wheel and the lid of the hydrotransformer. When moving, such a rustling sound can completely disappear. In this case, you need to contact the service center as early as possible and repair work. In most cases, it will be necessary to replace the damaged needle stubborn bearings. The cost of such a repair is not too high.

6 When switching gear, a loud metal knock may be heard. This indicates the deformation and loss of the blades. Repair is to replace the damaged wheel in the torque converter.

7 You must regularly check the condition of the oil in the torque converter and the gearbox. When an aluminum powder transmission appears on an oil probe, it is necessary to check the free move coupling, which is made of aluminum alloy. In most cases, the appearance of such powder on the diploma indicates faults of the hydrotransformer and wear of the end washer.

8 On working worthwhile In the area of \u200b\u200bthe gearbox, the characteristic smell of melting plastic can appear. This happens due to overheating of the hydrotransformer and melting the polymer elements and parts of this device. Overheating of the hydrotransformer may occur for several reasons. First of all, these are problems with lubrication. For example, when the oil level falls, characteristic signs Fasting boxes and hydrotransformer. Also, problems with, which cannot qualitatively cool the oil in a scored heat exchanger. Repair in this case is to replace the oil and testing the performance of the lubricant cooling system.

9 When switching transmissions or when changing the operating modes, the engine can stumble. Such indicates the failure of the control automation, which blocks the operation of the hydrotransformer. Repair is to replace the failed control unit.

It is necessary to note the fact that there are no specific signs of malfunction of the torque converter. Therefore, in some cases specialists service Center can't immediately determine signs and character breakdown. All this leads to an increase in the cost of repairs and the constant dump of the car in the service.

Repair of the hydrotransformer

Despite the seeming complexity, the repair of the hydrotransformer does not represent a special complexity and can be performed by the car owner independently. The only nuance consists only in the dismantling of the hydrotransformer from the gearbox. In this case, it is necessary to use special Remkomplekt.which will make dismantling work. When carrying out repair work, the device body is cut, after which the status of the torque converter is carried out. That is why repair work It is necessary to replace not only sealing rings, but also the device housing itself. During the repair work, the gland and sealing rings are replaced. Use old, let even well preserved, rings and glands are prohibited. In some cases, it is possible to weld the housing of the hydrotransformer, which makes it possible to achieve complete tightness of the device. After completing work, you need to install a repaired device on the gearbox and carry out balancing work.

It should be noted that with certain types of damage to the hydrotransformer, its repair and replacement of elements failed from an economic point of view. It is much easier to acquire new devices and install it instead of a damaged element.

Repair of a torque converter video

As you can see, the repair of the hydrotransformer is relatively simple. However, without appropriate preparation and experience in repairing the car, it is not possible. Therefore, if you doubt your abilities, it is best to turn to professional professionals. The cost of a new hydrotransformer can make up about a thousand dollars depending on the brand of the car.

The first hydrotransformer appeared more than a hundred years ago. Presenting many modifications and improvements, this effective method of smooth transmission of torque today is applied in many areas of mechanical engineering, and the automotive industry has not exceeded. Driving the car has become much easier and more comfortable, since now there is no need to use the clutch pedal. The device and the principle of operation of the hydrotransformer, as well as all ingenious, very simple.

History of appearance

The world's first serial passenger car without clutch pedal

For the first time, the principle of transmitting torque through the recycling of the fluid between two blade wheels without a tight connection was patented by the German engineer of her German fettyer in 1905. Devices working on the basis of this principle were called the hydromefta. At that time, the development of shipbuilding demanded from designers to find a method for gradual transmission of torque from the steam engine to the huge ship screws in the water. With a rigid connection, the water slowed down a sharp course of the blades at startup, creating an excessive reverse load on the engine, shafts and their connections.

Subsequently, upgraded hydrumufts began to be used on London buses and first diesel locomotives in order to ensure their smooth start from the scene. And later, the hydromefta facilitated the life and drivers of cars. First serial car With a hydrotransformer, OldSmobile Custom 8 Cruiser, descended from the conveyor of the GENERAL MOTORS plant in 1939.

Device and principle of operation

Underwater transformer device

The hydrotransformer is a closed chamber of toroidal shape, inside which the pumping, reactor and turbine blade wheels are close to each other coaxially placed. The internal volume of the torque converter is filled with circulating in a circle, from one wheel to another, liquid for automatic transmissions. The pumping wheel is made in the housing of the hydrotransformer and is rigidly connected to crankshaft. Rates with engine speed. The turbine wheel is rigidly connected to the primary automatic transmission shaft.

Between them is a reactor wheel, or a stator. The reactor is installed on the clutch of the free move, which allows it to rotate only in one direction. The reactor blades have a special geometry, due to which the fluid flow returned from the turbine wheel to the pump, changes its direction, thereby increasing the torque on the pumping wheel. This differ torque converter and hydromefta. There is no reactor in the last reactor, and accordingly the torque does not increase.

Underwater transformer - principle of operation

Principle of operation The torque converter is based on the transmission of torque from the engine to the transmission by means of a recycling fluid flow, without a tight connection.

The drive wheel, connected to the rotating crankshaft of the engine, creates a fluid flow that falls on the blade located opposite the turbine wheel. Under the influence of fluid it comes into motion and transmits torque on primary Val. transmissions.

With an increase in engine speed, the speed of rotation of the pumping wheel increases, which leads to an increase in the stream of fluid flow, which carries the turbine wheel. In addition, fluid, returning through the reactor blades, receives additional acceleration.

The fluid flow is transformed depending on the speed of rotation of the pumping wheel. At the time of leveling the speeds of turbine and pumping wheels, the reactor prevents free circulation of the fluid and starts to rotate due to the installed clutch of the free stroke. All three wheels rotate together, and the system begins to work in the hydromeflip mode, without increasing the torque. With increasing load on the output shaft, the speed of the turbine wheel slows down relative to the pump, the reactor is blocked and again begins to transform the fluid flow.

Benefits

1. The smoothness of movement and troggy from the scene.
2. Reducing vibrations and loads on the transmission from the uneven engine operation.
3. The ability to increase the torque of the engine.
4. No need for maintenance (replacement elements, etc.).

disadvantages

1. Low efficiency (due to lack of hydraulic losses and tight communication with the engine).
2. The poor car dynamics associated with the cost of power and time to spin the fluid flow.
3. High price.

Lock mode

Locking torch device

In order to cope with the main disadvantages of the hydraulic industry (low efficiency and poor car dynamics), the blocking mechanism was developed. The principle of its operation is similar to classic clutch. The mechanism consists of a blocking plate, which is associated with a turbine wheel (and consequently, with the primary gearbox) through the springs of the damper vibrations. The stove on its surface has a friction overlay. According to the transmission control unit, the stove is pressed with the pad to the inner surface of the hydrotransformer body using fluid pressure. The torque begins to be transmitted directly from the engine to the gearbox without the participation of the liquid. Thus, a decrease in losses and a higher efficiency is achieved. Lock can be enabled on any transmission.

Slippage mode

Locking the torque converter can also be incomplete and operate in the so-called "slip mode". The blocking plate is not fully pressed against the working surface, thereby ensuring a partial slippage of the friction lining. The torque is indulcated simultaneously through the locking plate and circulating liquid. Thanks to the use of this mode, the car significantly increases dynamic qualities, but the smoothness of the movement remains. Electronics Provides the switching on the lock clutch as soon as possible during acceleration, and the shutdown is the maximum later when the speed is reduced.

However, the regime of the adjustable slippage has a significant drawback associated with the abrasion of friction surfaces, which are also subjected to strongest temperature effects. Wear products fall into oil, worsening its work properties. The slip mode allows you to make a torque converter as efficient as possible, but it significantly reduces its service life.

Recently, cars with large demand began to use and no matter how much motorists say that automatic transmission is an unreliable mechanism that roads in service, statistics approve the opposite. Every year machines with manual transmission becomes less. The convenience of the "automaton" appreciated many drivers. Concerning dear maintenance, the most responsible part in this box is the automifection of automatic transformer. The photo of the mechanism and its device is further in our article.

Characteristic

In addition to this element, there are many other systems and mechanisms. But the main function (this transmission of torque) performs the automatic transformer automatic transformer. In the surroundings, it is called "bagel" due to the characteristic form of construction.

It is worth noting that on for front-wheel drive auto, the automiferry automiferry includes a differential and main transmission. In addition to the function of transferring the torque "Bublik", it takes on all vibrations and blows from the engine flywheel, thereby smoothing them to a minimum.

Design

Let's look at how the automifection of automatic transformer is arranged. This element consists of several nodes:

• Turbine wheel.
• Blocking clutch.
• Pump.
• Reactor wheel.
• Couplings of free stroke.

All these mechanisms are placed in a single case. The pump is directly associated with the engine crankshaft. The turbine matches the gears of the gearbox. The reactor wheel is placed between the pump and the turbine. Also in the design of the wheel "Bublik" there are blades of a special form. The operation of the automiferry automifer is based on moving special fluid Inside ( transmission Oil). Therefore, the automatic transmission includes oil canals. In addition, there is a radiator here. For what it is needed, consider a little later.

As for the coupling, the locking is designed to fix the position of the hydrotransformer in a certain mode (for example, "Parking"). The clutch of the free turn is used to rotate the reactor wheel in the reverse side.

Principle of operation of the automiferry automifer

How does this element act in the box? All actions "Bublik" are carried out on a closed cycle. So, the main working fluid here is "transmission". It is worth noting that it differs in viscosity and composition from those used in mechanical boxes. During operation of the hydrotransformer, the lubricant comes from the pump to the turbine wheel, and then to the reactor.

Thanks to the blades, the liquid begins to rotate faster inside the "bagel", thereby increasing the torque. When the rotational speed of the crankshaft increases, the angular velocity of the turbine and the pumping wheel is aligned. The fluid flow changes its direction. When the car scored already enough speed, the "bagel" will work only in the hydromefta mode, that is, to transmit only torque. When the speed of movement increases, the GTF is blocked. At the same time, the coupling is closed, and the transfer of moment on the flywheel per box is carried out directly, with the same frequency. The element is disconnected again when switching to the next gear. So re-smoothing corner speeds Before the moment the speed of rotation of the turbines does not compare.

Radiator

Now about the radiator. Why in automatic boxes it is derived separately, because on "mechanics" such a system does not apply? Everything is very simple. On the mechanical box Oil performs only lubricating function.

At the same time, it is poured only by half. The liquid is contained in the PPC pallet, and gears are wetted. In an automatic box, the oil performs the torque transmission function (where did the name "wet grip" come from). There are no friction discs - all the energy goes through turbines and oil. The latter is constantly moving in the channels under high pressure. Accordingly, the oil must be cooled. For this, its own heat exchanger is provided in such a transmission.

Fault

Select the following transmission breakdowns:

• Malfunction GTF.
• Breakdown I.
• Malfunction of the oil pump and control sensors.

How to determine the breakdown?

Find out which element fell out of order, without dismantling the box and its parsing is quite difficult. However, it is possible to predict serious repairs in several signs. So, if the automatic transformer malfunction is observed or brake ribbon, the box will "kick" when switching modes. The car begins to twitch if you put a handle from one mode to another (and when the foot is on the brake pedal). Also the box is among emergency mode. The machine is moving only on three transmissions. This suggests that the box needs a serious diagnosis.

As for the replacement of the hydrotransformer, it is performed with the full dismantling of the box (the drive shafts, the bell and other parts are disconnected). This element is the most expensive component of any automatic transmission. The price of a new GDT starts from $ 600 for budget models Auto. Therefore, it is important to know how to use the box to maximize the repairs.

How to save gearbox?

It is believed that the resource for this transmission is an order of magnitude lower than that of mechanics. However, experts note that with proper maintenance of the node, you will not need to repair or replace the automiferry automifer. So, the first recommendation is a timely oil change. Regulations - 60 thousand kilometers. And if the transmission oil is flooded for the entire service life, then in the "machine" it is a working fluid. If the lubricant is black or has a smell of Gary, it needs to be replaced urgently.

The second recommendation applies to temperature modes. It is not necessary to start the movement too early - the oil temperature of the box should be not lower than 40 degrees. To do this, move the lever in all modes with a delay of 5-10 seconds. So you run the box and prepare it for use. On cold oil it is undesirable, as well as hot. In the latter case, the liquid will literally burn (when replacing you will hear the smell of Gary). The automatic transmission is not suitable for drift and hard operation. It is also not necessary to turn on the neutral transmission on the go, and then turn on the drive again. So you will break the brake ribbon and a number of others. important elements in the box.

Conclusion

So, we found out what the automatic transformer automatic transformer is. As you can see, this is a very responsible knot in the box. It is through it that the torque is transmitted to the box, and then on the wheels. And since the oil here is a working fluid, it is necessary to comply with the regulations for its replacement. So the box will delight you with a long resource and smooth switching.

The hydrotransformer performs an important role in, it takes the space between the case power aggregate and transmissia cars. The torque converter in the automatic transmission operates as a clutch coupling - transmits rotation from the working motor directly to the machine. The external similarity of the automiferry of automatic transformer with a characteristic form of torus allows you to call this device a bagel. Automatic transmissions of the automatic gearbox is part of the transmission hydraulic system. Management of its work is carried out using a special hydraulic block.

Underwater Transformer Device Box Machine

The main purpose of the automiferrator of the automatic transformer is the provision of a smooth and timely transmission of automatic transmission from one transmission to another. The first samples of hydrotransformers for the checkpoint were created in the twentieth century. In order to upgrade the GTR device, new technologies were used. Distributorators automifels became more complex in design.

In addition to ensuring the smoothness of the transition to various transmissions, new hydrotransformators are attached to the additional function of the clutch. At the same time, at the time of switching speeds (lowering or raising), the torque converter opens the direct connection with the gearbox. The automiferrator of the automatic transmission partially takes effect. This is what provides unique smoothness when switching speeds.

Unlike mechanical gearboxIn the machine, the transmission of the torque is carried out not under the influence of mechanical friction between the friction discs of the automifection of automatic transformer. Engine connection and automatic transmission occurs due to pressure transmission fluid. The effect of rotation of the wind mill is triggered. The device of the hydrotransformer provides preservation of the integrity of the automatic box and protection against mechanical damage due to an important function - depreciation.

Friction disks of the automifection of automatic transformer form form a prefabricated package consisting of parts of mobile and stationary types. When you turn on the transmission in the highways, the required pressure is created. With the help of a special device, the hydraulic pusher filtering of the automiferry automifer is mutually compressed, the specified speed turns on.

How does the automatic transformer actuator acts

The modern hydrotransformer is blocked when the speeds are compared the speeds of the shafts - input and output. In practice, this happens after the development of speed vehicleequal to more than 70 km / h. The brake pad of the piston of the hydrotransformer slows the rotation oil fluid. Engine shafts internal combustion And the gearbox is mutually recorded. The power unit and transmission form a single integer, the synchronous rotation of the shafts occurs.

When the torque converter fully transfers rotation on the automatic transmission from the power unit, the power loss is zero. This function of the torque converter resembles the adhesion mechanism pedal on the mechanical transmission change box.

During operation of the hydrotransformer, the kinetic energy of the engine is spent on the movement of oil, which is heated by friction. With mutual cluster of friction steel disc There is an intensive abrasion of the lining, fragments of wear in the form of dust fall into the oil composition of the hydrotransformer. The stability of the automatic transmission and chassis is directly dependent on the degree of wear of the friction linings and lubricant.

Description of the construction of the automatic transformer automatic transformer

The automatic transformer automatic transformer transfers power from the internal combustion engine directly to the nodes and parts of the automatic transmission. The principle of operation of the automatic transformer transformer does not only transmit rotation on the gearbox, it effectively repulses the amplitude of vibrations and minimizes the strength of mechanical blows from the flywheel side.

Composite parts of the hydrotransformer:

• Pumping and turbine wheels.
• Blocking coupling.
• Pump.
• Reactor wheel.
• Coupling free move.

All working mechanisms are placed in the housing of the device of the hydrotransformer:

• the pump operates directly from the crankshaft;
• the turbine is conjugate with the gears of automatic transmission;
• reactor turbine wheel - with turbine and pump;
• a unique blades of the original configuration are inserted into the torque converter;
• oil moves by inner space boxes, due to the hydrotransformer;
• purpose of the locking coupling - block the torque converter in the specified modes;
• the clutch of the free move rotates the reactor wheel in the opposite direction.

Principle of operation of the hydrotransformer

The work "Bublik" is carried out on a closed cycle. Lubricant is the main working material of the hydrotransformer. His viscosity characteristics differ significantly from the properties of the oil used in the MCPP. When using the automiferry automifer, the automatic lubricant under the influence of the pumping wheel is forcibly fed to the reactor and turbine blades. The blades create additional twists and accelerate the movement of the oil, the speed of rotation of the working wheels of the hydrotransformer decreases significantly, the moment increases accordingly.

The acceleration of the rotation of the crankshaft contributes to aligning the velocities of the wheel of the pump and the turbine of the hydrotransformer. With a high speed of the car, the hydrotransformer only transmits torque by analogy with the operation of the hydromefta. When the GTR is blocked, rotation is transmitted directly from the power unit to the automatic transmission.

When moving to another transmission, the elements of the torque converter are disconnected. The process of smoothing angular velocities is resumed to the final leveling of rotating turbines.

The functioning of the hydrotransformer occurs under constant control of the ECU. Sensors installed on the hydrotransformer fed signals to the ECU. Based on the incoming data, the output control commands are formed. If the electronic devices inform about the error, it means that there are some problems with the GTR.

IMPORTANT: Signs of malfunctions of the automiferry automiferry can manifest itself both in the mechanical and electronic parts of the mechanism. In case of emergency stopping of the box, it is necessary to conduct a thorough diagnosis with the subsequent repair of the elements of the torque converter.

On the presented scheme, it is shown in the context, which consists of an automatic transmission change box.

The spiral on the right is a schematic image of the oil trajectory inside the housing of the hydrotransformer.

For many car owners, the repair of the automiferry automifer is a complex procedure. Not all people have the necessary knowledge, free time, desire to qualitatively restore the functions of the hydrotransformer with their own hands. The greatest difficulty in repairing the hydrotransformer is to dismantle from the car. Professional mechanics have a set of special tools and devices to safely remove the torque converter from the gearbox.

The direct repair of the automiferry automifer is started with a mechanical cutting of the housing on turning machine and attentive diagnostics of the state of each mechanism. In the process of repairing the hydrotransformer, it is necessary to replace the following items:

• bagel case;
• selns;
• sealing rings.

Each car owner knows that the choice of transmission is a key factor that affects the dynamic indicators of the car. The developers are constantly trying to improve the gearbox, but most motorists still give preference to the manual transmission, since, due to the current stereotype, it is believed that it is more reliable and easy to use. However, the reason lies in the other - most people are simply not familiar with the principle of the machine, therefore and fear it.

In today's article, we will try as detailed as possible and accessible to describe the principle of operation of the automatic transmission.

What is automatic transmission?

ACAP is the main element of the car transmission design, the main purpose of which is to change the torque, as well as changes in the speed of movement. There are three options for automatic transmissions:

• Variable speed drive;
• Hydraulic machine;
• Robotic;

What is better - mechanics or automatic?

As many people could have noticed, most Russian motorists prefer the manual transference. Some experts believe that this is due to the mentality of the nation, others with established negative stereotypes.

Another thing is Americans, 95% of which do not imagine the process of driving a car, without an automatic box. But it does not surprise this at all, because the automatic transmission was invented by American engineers who wanted to simplify the life of drivers.

The same situation in Europe. If 15-20 years ago, everyone was widely used by the mechanics, then it is already almost displaced from the market.

Russia also has an increase in the popularity of the machine, but, according to experts and analysts, the Russians do not know how to properly use the automatic box. Every day, the auto repair shops addresses the mass of motorists with faults, the main reason for which is incorrect operation.

How does the automatic transmission work?

In order for the principle of operation of the automatic transmission more clearly, we cut it into three parts: mechanical, electronic and hydraulic.

Let's start a discussion, of course, with mechanical, since it is exactly this element and switching transmissions.

The hydraulic part is a certain intermediary who is a link.

And finally, the electronic, which is considered to be a transmission brain responsible for switching modes, as well as feedback.

Everyone understands that the heart of the car is the engine. The transmission does not pretend to this role at all, because it can safely call the brain of the car. The main objective of the automatic transmission is considered to convert km of a motor into force, which creates conditions for the TC movement. An important role in this process is performed by a hydrotransformer and planetary transmissions.

Hydrotransformer

By analogy with the manual transformer, the clutch functions, and also adjusts the KM, taking into account the speed of rotation and the produced engine power.

The structure of the torque converter consists of three parts:

• Centripetal turbine;
• Centrifugal pump;
• Guide apparatus reactor;

Due to the fact that the turbine and pump are most close as possible with each other, the working fluids are in constant motion. It is due to this that it is possible to achieve minimal energy losses. In addition, the torque converter boasts very compact sizes.

It is worth noting that the crankshaft is directly connected to the pumping wheel, and the box shaft is with a turbine. It is at the expense of this that there is no tough connection between the leading and slave elements in the hydrotransformer. The working fluids transmit energy from the motor to the transmission, which, in turn, through the pump blades transmits it to the turbine blades.

Hydromefta

If we talk about the hydromule, then its principle of work is very similar - it also transmits km without affecting its intensity.

The hydrotransformer is equipped with a reactor first in order to change km. In fact, it is the same wheel with blades, except that the tougher planted and less maneuverable. Over it returns from the turbine into the pump. Some features have a reactor blades, whose channels are gradually narrowed. Due to this, the speed of movement of workers fluids increases significantly.

What is the automatic transmission?

The torque converter interacts with the clutch, and does not contact the driver.

The planetary series - interacts with gears in the box, and when switching transmissions changes the transmission configuration.

Brake tape, rear and front friction - directly switch transmissions.

The control device is a node that consists of a pump, a valve box and an oil separator.

Hydblock is the system of valve channels that control and control the engine load.

The torque converter is designed to transmit torque from the power unit to the elements of the automatic transmission. It is located between the box and the engine, and thus performs the adhesion function. It is filled with the working fluid, which catches and transmits the engine's efforts into the oil pump located directly into the box.

As for the oil pump, it already transmits the working fluid to the hydrotransformer, thus creating the most optimal pressure in the system. Therefore, the myth that the car with the machine can be started without a starter - a clean lie.

The gear pump receives energy directly from the engine, from which it can be concluded that when the motor is turned off, the pressure in the system is completely absent, even if the switching lever is not in the initial state. Therefore, the forced rotation of the cardan shaft will not be able to start the engine.

Planetary series - is often used in automatic transmission, as it is considered more modern and technological, rather than the parallel shaft used in the mechanics.

Pieces of friction - piston makes movement of excessive oil pressure. The piston itself is very tightly pressed the leading elements to the slave, forcing them to rotate as a whole, and transfer km to the sleeve. It is worth noting that several such planetary mechanisms are located in the automatic transmission.

Friction disks transmit KM directly by the wheels of the car.

Brake tape - used to block the elements of the planetary mechanism.

Hydbot is one of the most complex mechanisms in the automatic transmission, which is called "brains of transmission. It is worth noting that the repair of this element is very expensive.

Types of automatic transmission

Permanent race technical Equipment Car, forces developers to invent increasingly sophisticated technologies and structures in order to overtake competitors. It is worth noting that this positively affects the development of the chassis of the vehicle. One of the most important discoveries was the invention of an automatic transmission. It immediately began to use incredibly great demand, as it simplifies the management process noticeably. In addition, it is very simple in operation and reliable. Analysts argue that in the near future it will fully displace from the MCPP market.

To date, the automatic box is used as in passenger carsand trucks, regardless of the type of drive.

It is known that when driving a car with a manual transmission, you have to keep your hand on the gear switch, which significantly reduces the concentration on the road. The carton-machine is practically devoid of such flaws.

Main advantages Box automatic:

• Management increases;
• A smoother transition between transmissions even at high speed;
• The engine is not overloaded;
• Transmissions can be shifted both manually and automatically;

Modern automatic transmission, from the point of sight of the control and control system, can be divided into two types:

• Transmission with hydraulic device;
• Transmission S. electronic device, or so-called robotic box;

It should be more understandable after reading the example below:

"Imagine the situation that the car moves along roven road And gradually approaches the steep rise. If for a while just from the side to watch this situation, then it can be noted that after an increase in the load, the machine begins to lose speed, and, therefore, the intensity of rotation of the turbine is also reduced. This leads to the fact that the working fluid begins to counteract the movement. In this case, the rate of circulation increases sharply, which contributes to an increase in km to the indicator in which equilibrium in the system will occur. "

The same principle of work and at the time of the start of the car movement. The only difference is that in this case the accelerator is also involved. Thanks to it, it increases the intensity of crankshaft and pumping wheel, despite the fact that the turbine remains still, which allows the engine to work in idle mode. It is worth noting that the CM increases sharply, and when a certain mark is reached, the torque converter begins to perform the function of the link, which connects together the slave and the presenter elements. All these moments, it is possible to significantly reduce the level of fuel consumption significantly, and more effectively carry out the engine braking in case of need.

So for what then to connect the automatic transmission to the hydrotransformer if he is independently able to change the intensity of the CM?

That is why: the coefficient of change of torque using a torque converter usually does not exceed 2-3.5. This is not enough for the full operation of the automatic box.

Unlike mechanical, automatic box switches speeds with friction club and ribbon brakes. The system automatically determines the desired speed, taking into account the speed of movement and effort on the accelerator pedal.

In addition to the planetary mechanism and the hydrotransformer, the automatic transmission includes a pump that lubricates the box. Cooling radiator is engaged in cooling oil.

The difference between a box-machine at the rear-wheel drive and front-wheel drive vehicles

There are a number of differences between the arrangement of automatic transmission cars with the front and rear wheel drive. Automatic transmission front-wheel drive More compact, and has a separate compartment, which is called differential.

In all other aspects, both transmissions are identical in both constructive and functional terms.

To effectively perform all functions, the automatic box has the following elements: a torque converter, a control unit and a motion mode selection mechanism.

We hope that our article has become the most useful as possible for you, and helped you understand the principles of the automatic transmission.

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