Parktronic and Automatic Parking Systems: Modern Parking Tools. Automatic car parking system Car which is parked
If you believe the statistics, only 5% of your life car rides. Everything else, he remains in the parking lot. Large cities faced a lack of parking spaces. This is especially true in places of large human clusters like shopping centers. Robotics proposed a solution in the form of automated parking systems, effectively involving parking space.
What problems solve automatic parking?
- Savings of more than 80% of the area.
- They can be installed in areas where it is impossible to build garages in the buildings themselves.
- Thanks to the competent system of ramps, elevators and stairs, the most effectively uses the place.
- Reduce coverage, ventilation and other costs.
- They exclude dents on the body and theft of things from the car's salon.
Varieties of robotic parking
If the driver wants to leave a car on an automatic parking, he only needs to go there, stopping the car inside. Automatic system authorized work. You only need to exit the room, confirming the intention to leave the car in the parking lot on the corresponding control unit. Next, the machine is assigned an identifier with a unique number and a key-card with a special password.
The basis of this parking is the central computer. On the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building, cameras, mechanical components and the desired sensors. It makes it easy to move cars throughout the parking area.
In parking lots, a horizontal or vertical lift is installed depending on the transport features on this particular parking. Based on the title, they will differ in the body position in space. Built-in sensors allow you to calculate all the data data for the sizes and forms. Then all devices begin to carry out work in accordance with the algorithms.
The car rises due to special mobile facilities for transportation - pallets installed on the car movement mechanism. In fact, this is a platform of a rectangular shape with the front part capable of rotating 360 degrees.
There are also interchalted systems whose solutions are no less interesting. There is a version with a special "scissor" capture of the wheels. In itself, this is a system of lattices with a breathtaking sliding device. Thanks to the adjustment of the position of the vehicle, the parking space width decreases to two with a small meter - pallet systems do not give such a result.
Return the car back either will not be difficult. The driver holds its identification card on a special block and uses the system. A signal for automation is sent, and the machine returns back.
The highest quality today is automatic parking with a large number of levels. The design is built vertically, can be located both above the ground and underground. The main undoubted plus of such parking - a very large number of places for cars and automatic system high-class With high speed. Minus she has one - a considerable price.
Such a parking is on the principle of a moving lift, on both sides of which parking spaces are installed. Tower parking today are able to place several cars in one storage cell, saving a place several times.
There are also cassette and conveyor parking. In them, the pallets are shifted at each level. Lifts work on both sides of the conveyor. Of the minuses, perhaps enlarged energy consumption, since several lifts are used in one system and increased waiting time, since the machine has to overcome the complex path during displacement.
Complete mixed type parking procession. Their principle of operation - robots conveyors moving horizontally, and lifts moving vertically. This type is best suited for large parking space, representing the most convenience for the driver. The turning mechanism can expand the car directly to the exit according to the direction - this allows not to damage the car during transportation. Energy consumption in such a system is significantly lower, because the lifts work only at the moment of receiving and issuing a car, and all other mechanisms consume several tens of times less energy. It is possible to install a parking space near the houses of drivers or their work places, the place of recreation is to increase comfort from using automatic parking.
Conclusion
Summarizing everything that is mentioned above, we can safely conclude that robotic parkings become the only solution to the problem of parking and storing all the increasing number of cars. They save time, money and energy. In all countries of the world, such parking lots are gaining more and more widespread and generating more and more positive experiences, thanks to which technology will continue to develop.
13.03.2018Automatic parking of cars is now no one for anyone, because manufacturers pay more and more attention to innovation. The same VW (Skoda) has created its own intellectual without NVIDIA support, unlike the notorious Tesla. VAG (Skoda) showed the initiative by creating his automatic parking assistant, which is an active version of the implementation of such a system. It differs from other need to minimize human intervention, therefore, manufacturers can boast such their own developments as:
- Skoda - Park Assistance
- Opel - Advanced Park Assist;
- Mercedes / Ford - Active Park Assist
- BMW - Remote Park Assist System
Possible varieties of automatic parking systems make it possible to carry out parallel and transverse parking due to the unique programming algorithm. Initially, only one mode was carried out, that is, whether parallel, or the transverse one. However, it was only the first steps of the creators of automatic parking systems on the way to innovation in the automotive sphere.
New systems are literally adjusted to the features of the car, that is, the possible angles of rotation of the wheels, the speed of movement, body size and others. A feature of active / passive systems is ultrasound sensors together with the central processor, providing automatic car parking. IN modern cars It is provided for setting the order of 12 units of sensors, recognized as the optimal amount for work.
The system is activated by pressing the corresponding button on dashboard or torpedo car. Immediately after clicking, an electrical signal is sent to special sensors reading the surrounding space. Sensors, having received information transmits it to a switch, calculating the optimal trajectory of motion, the required engine power, transmission of the checkpoint and other features of the movement.
The operation of automatic parking is provided by electronics and it can work directly without human participation. Passive only calculate the route, similarly to active, but driving a parking lot from a driver's seat.
Stages of system work
Automatic car parking is divided into two stages:
- 1) Search
Analytics of the surrounding space is an important factor in work, because motion maneuvers can be carried out without the driver's participation. It is comfortable at a driver's seat, while the system determines the place for maneuver by shifting the surrounding space by ultrasonic sensors. These sensors are used for longitudinal parking (up to 40 km / h) and transverse (up to 20 km / h). At the same time, the stage of longitudinal and transverse parking is elected alternately: that is, the sensors considered the transverse and longitudinal position, the system gave good and the displacement occurred to a certain distance, then read again and so on.
- 2) directly parking
Then the automatic parking is chosen exactly the available place, which is 0.8 meters longer body of the car. The indicator in the text indicates averaged and each manufacturer chooses it at its discretion. And the car provides the driver with a chance or install the vehicle on the selected location, or to impose everything on.
Direct control
Modern parking systems at the expense of their functional features are taken sending special impulses to various components of the car
- engine throttle;
- gear box;
- brake system, including valve;
- EUR and GUR;
The driver, of course, at any time can be engaged in the work, while turning off the automated option, if something did not like something or he just decided to park the car on its own. If he decided to rely on automation, he boldly comes out of the car while the car is on their own on their own in the garage, parking space parking or outdoor parking. It is worth noting that the automatic parking systems do not represent complexity and tight traffic on the road, in case of parking on the side of the road.
Automatic car parking as an additional option is a very expensive pleasure and most manufacturers install it only on the most top equipment No very budget cars And not even the average price segment. Since such pleasure requires many forces of experienced specialists, then its price corresponds to costs. Safety level Each brand guarantees from itself, and thanks to existing automatic parking systems, automotive engineers managed to impose a number of driver tasks for automatic equipment.
In 2006, all the "teapots" of the world gained hope for a significant improvement in karma and relief from parking problems. It was exactly that year a coolest Lexus LS460 appeared, which was able to park himself. Just fantastic - the car itself found a free space and twisted the steering wheel with a mad speed until the car became in his parking space. Today, such a function is no longer surprised, and modern Toyota, BMW, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Kia, and others can do this trick playing. This is in theory. IN real life All is not so ...
Germans offer auto parking features mainly in the European market. And BMW specializes in self-parallel parking. It does not always go smoothly: video is that evidence. And it's good that the guys from the roller stopped on time, and something would be demolished.
4. Lexus LS460
Lexus first suggested a system of automatic parking for its cars. The problem, however, is that the brand customers are rich, but old. Or young, but too big, like on video. In any case, it was impossible to deal with the Japanese womb interface of the auto parker. Without brains, yes without patience. No, everything, of course, works, but only if you know how it works.
3. Volkswagen.
Unlike Lexus, which long and stubbornly fades there, here until it takes to take the right place, the auto parking system on Volkswagen makes a complex maneuver in one reception. Cool! The problem here is that if the car believes that it cannot fit into place for parking for one movement, it will not even try, and in search of a place sufficient for this machine, you will eventually find yourself outside the city ...
2. Toyota Prius.
Toyota knows how to park not only in parallel, but also in any other way. In addition, the "Prius" car park is very easy to use. After he finds a suitable place, you simply press one button - that's all.
Probably the most difficult Park Assist Ford system - she pursues you on a patch of a handkerchief in size and will not force you to strain stewing. Management to disgrace is simple, and Ford puts its system almost all of its cars, starting with a cheap Focus. True, not always parking passes as it should ...
We, of course, are lazy and love everything to make everything for us for us, but let's be honest: automatic parking systems are suitable only for huge parking spaces and are intended for people whose curvature resembles the figure eight. A normal driver and parking lots will find a mating machine, and it is rapid faster.
Automatic Parking System (Other Name - intelligent Parking Assistance System, everyday name - parking autopilot) belongs to active parking systems, because Provides car parking in automatic or automated (separate functions are automatically performed) mode.
Various systems of automatic parking help when performing parallel parking, perpendicular parking. More common systems with parallel parking. Automatic parking is carried out due to the consistent control of the rotation angle of the steering wheel and the velocity of the car.
Famous intelligent parking systems for parking are:
- Park Assist. on the vOLKSWAGEN cars;
- Park Assist Vision. on VOLKSWAGEN cars;
- Intelligent Parking Assist System on the toyota cars, Lexus;
- REMOTE PARK ASSIST SYSTEM on the bMW cars;
- Active Park Assist. on the mercedes-Benz cars, Ford;
- Advanced Park Assist. On Opel cars.
The design of the automatic parking system includes ultrasound sensors, switch, the electronic unit Management, as well as actuators of car systems.
In the intelligent parking system, ultrasound sensors are used, similar to the passive parking system, but having a greater range (up to 4.5 m). The number of sensors depending on the type of system varies. For example, in the Park Assist system of the last generation, 12 ultrasound sensors are installed: 4 - ahead, 4 rear and 4 on the sides of the car.
The inclusion of the system is carried out forced if necessary to carry out parking. To do this, on the instrument panel (steering wheel) there is a special switch.
The electronic control unit receives signals from ultrasound sensors and converts them to control exposure to actuators, which are other car systems: coursework, engine control, power steering, automatic transmission. The interaction with the specified systems is carried out through the corresponding electronic control units.
The information required for automatic parking is displayed on the information display and is used by the driver in the parking process.
Automatic parking system
The operation of the automatic parking system can be divided into two stages: search for a suitable parking space and actually parking.
Search for a suitable parking space It is performed using ultrasound sensors. For example, in the design of the Park Assist system, four side ultrasonic sensors are provided for this purpose - two on each side of the car. When moving a car along a number of parked machines at a certain speed (up to 40 km / h with parallel parking and up to 20 km / h with transverse parking), the sensors fix the distance between them, and in the PARK Assist Vision system - and their position relative vehicle (In parallel or perpendicular).
Sensor signals are processed by an electronic control unit. If the parking distance is sufficient, the system gives the driver to the driver - displays the corresponding information to the car information display. In the Park Assist system for a sufficient parking distance, the distance is taken by a distance exceeding the length of the car by 0.8 m, in the Advanced Park Assist system for 1 m.
Vehicle parking Can be carried out in two ways - directly by the driver using the instructions offered by the system or automatically without the driver's participation.
Visual and test instructions The driver is displayed on the information display. They relate to the recommendations on the rotation of the steering wheel to a certain angle and the direction of movement. This method of automated parking is used in the ADVANCED PARK ASSIST system.
Automatic parking is performed by orderly effects on the actuators of the car systems:
In order to security safety, the system can always be transferred from automatic mode to manual mode. In the latest designs of the system, automatic parking can be made when the driver is located both in the car and beyond the key.
The system of automatic parking has already found its fans, but autonomous only starts searching. We will tell about the principle of work, the varieties of the system and where it consists.
The content of the article:
Speaking that the car can only park, now you will not surprise anyone. More often it is known as automatic car parking. Progress does not stand still and BMW stepped forward faster than everyone, offering an autonomous parking system Remote Valet Parking Assistant. A different parking assistant is different.
But the basis of such progressive systems is older, working samples. In this case, this is an automatic parking system, which is currently found on many modern cars, even not new.
Automatic car parking system
This auxiliary system refer to active systems security. The main purpose is the automatic car parking with the driver's participation.
It cannot be said that the system exists in one form. This system can be used with parallel or perpendicular parking. Systems with parking parallel are more common. Parking is based on the speed of the car and the angle of rotation of the wheel.
In different companies, the system is called differently:
- Volkswagen - Park Assist, PAV;
- Lexus or Toyota - IPAS;
- Opel - Advanced Park Assist;
- Ford or Mercedes-Benz - APA;
- BMW - RPA System.
Parking system mechanisms
The main components are ultrasound sensors, then switches, electronic control unit and other actuators of the machine are considered.
It is worth considering that without additional systems Automatic parking will not be able to work. So for example, it is a power steering, on-board computer in some models should only be automatic box Transmissions.
Ultrasonic sensors in the system are similar to the passive parking system, but differ with a greater range of action, it is about up to 4.5 m. Depending on the manufacturer of the system and car brand, the number of sensors may differ. As a rule, 12 ultrasonic sensors are installed, 4 from the side of the car, four in front and four cars behind the car.
The system is provided forced, turning on the button on the instrument panel, or the power steering wheel when the driver plans to be parked. The activation field of the system, the electronic unit begins to receive a signal from ultrasonic sensors, converting them to control functions for actuators. You can call the engine control, electric power steering, automatic or mechanical PPC and system currency stability.
Depending on the manufacturer, information may be displayed on the display as an auxiliary for the driver and in parallel in automatic mode to control the car, if the driver gave the permission.
Parking Place Search Principle
As it becomes clear, the search for a suitable parking place is made using ultrasound sensors. On the sides, as it should be, there are 4 such sensors, two pieces per face, in front and behind. During the movement of the car, between the rows of parked cars, at a speed of up to 20 km / h for transverse parking. Up to 40 km / h for parallel parking, sensors scan the distance between the machines and their position relative to your car.
The control unit processes the incoming signals from the sensors, if the distance is suitable for parking the system will give the driver the corresponding signal and displays the corresponding information to the screen. As a rule, the system as a basis will take a distance that is 0.8 or 1 m greater than the length of the entire car.
Automatic car parking
This parking process can be divided into two types:
- using the instructions running the driver;
- automatic parking without driver participation.
The second method is different, in comparison with the previous driver, does not participate in the parking process, and all functions are performed automatically. Instead of the driver, the steering wheel will turn independently in the right direction, as well as pressing the gas pedal. One thing that may need the driver is to switch the gearbox to move forward or backward.
For security reasons, the automatic parking system can be translated into manual parking mode at any time.
Autonomous or Automatic Parking System
Progress is coming, and the auxiliary systems of the car will also progress. As mentioned above, the automatic system can work when the driver sits and watches the car parking process. The innovation was the autonomous parking system, when the driver can be outside the car, while taking the ignition key and enable the autonomous parking function.
At the moment, several companies are working on the system, each in their direction, it is Volkswagen and Bosch, BMW and Continental. According to representatives of BMW, they want to implement serial carsStarting from 2016.
Composite parts of the autonomous parking system
The autonomous car parking system consists of an electronic control unit, input devices and command execution devices. The instruments for reading or input include laser sensors (lidas), as well as a remote control. As a rule, in the autonomous parking system, four laser sensors are installed throughout the perimeter of the car. Thanks to their accuracy, the system works much better, as well as perfectly scans the obstacles.
The basis is the system of automatic car parking and a clash warning throughout the perimeter of the machine. Thanks to this component and technology, the time is significantly saved, the system best has shown itself in high-rise parking. Also, the system can place the car into a space of 20 cm. On each side of the machine, which saves space.
The principle of operation of the autonomous system
Activation of the autonomous car parking system begins with the button on the button on the remote control. The console is made as Smart Watch, and not as accepted in the form of a keychain. Volkswagen. She stepped even further, and as a console decided to use the driver's smartphone. The most important difference between such a system from the previous generation or differently from the base is independent parking without the participation of the driver. Also, the car can independently move to the place of landing of the driver and passengers.
How does such a different system work. Lidar, removing the data, send them to an electronic control unit. The program that is stitched into the block misses the received information through the algorithm to assess the situation, obstacles, speed control, navigation, and a place search minibus.
Thanks to the use of a plurality of car systems, the control unit itself can decide how to disperse or suspend the machine. One minus can be considered that the digital card (plan) of the parking building is broken into the block, while the system does not use the GPS card and signal. Most often it is done for closed parking, where the signal simply cannot pass. But there is nothing to flash for open parking.
As a result, the electronic control unit forms signals for control systems, which are then transmitted to these vehicles: engine control, gearbox, steering wheel and others.
The huge advantage of the system is that it is not worth a lot of money, and the orientation in parking does not take much time. Also, the driver is not obliged to sit and follow the car until the latter until the car stops. As a result, many manufacturers will install an autonomous parking system for new serial cars instead of automatic parking.
Video overview of the autonomous parking system:
