Moped - Dream of Childhood! Mopeds of the Soviet era are all about moped MP 043.

03.05.2020

Today, young people dissect on scooters - and during the time of the USSR, their role was performed by mopeds. They cost much cheaper even the fissioning motorcycle - from 100 rubles, to keep the moped in the garage was not necessarily - they were like bicycles, calmly kept in the apartment. Those who had no mopeds, they often helped them with happy owners repair a vehicle - suddenly will be given to drove with the breeze.

Motorbike B-901

The first Soviet motorbike, produced massively. They produced these beauties in the 50s in the Kharkov bike plant. Such mopeds had a low frame and a reinforced fork, the wheels of 26 inches, the steering wheel with the extended handles, the trunk with clamp and the engine D-4 ("hole", as it was called). They weighed 27 kg

Motorbike B-902

Such models were done on Lviv auto plane since the 1960s. They could accelerate already up to 40 km / h (power - one horsepower), had an anterior fork with spring shock absorbers, rotating left and right, and a welded tubular frame with two upper pipes. The stiffness of the shock absorbers could be configured, screwing and unscrewing nuts. Motor d-4, hard suspension rear wheel.

Motovibic MB-042 "Lvovyanka"

Single-cylinder two-stroke engine, volume 45 cm3, power - 1.2 horsepower. This pleasure weighing is 30 kg, and the speed has developed up to 40 km / h.

Moped Spiriditis

These experienced models began to produce in 1958 at the Sarkan Zvyagzne Riga Motion Plant, created on the basis of a nationalized cycling factory. The engine capacity of 60 cm3, created under the license of the Czech plant Jawa, the position did not save the model turned out to be unsuccessful. Then the designers of the Riga plant and sent to the Czech Republic to adopt the experience of Jawa employees. As a result, a moped "Riga-1" was created: the telescopic front plug, the rear suspension on the springs, the 50-cubic motor-motor, manufactured at the Jawa plant (though, later the motors for these mopeds began to be produced in Lithuania).

Riga-16 bike with motor

These bikes at about the same time began to equip the Motors of the D-4 volume in 45 cm3. After equipping - and it happened in Leningrad, at the Red October factory - tunned, as if they were said now, bicycles acquired a capacity of 1.2 horsepower.

Light moped "Riga-2 Gauja"

Motor in 45 "cubes", tubular front frame, spring-loaded front plug - and still headlamp that feeds from the generator and allows you to ride in the dark. These models were produced from 1961 to 1963.

Moped "Riga-4"

I went on sale in 1970. The engine of this moped had a tricky volume - 49.9 cm3; This meant that such a moped should not be registered in the traffic police and for riding it is not necessary to have the right to driving a motorcycle. Power - Already two horsepower. The model was equipped with shields for wheels and 16-inch wheels - before the mopeds were 19 inches in diameter.

Moped "Riga-5"

Produced from 1966 to 1971. The management was extremely simple, but the dynamics compared to previous models left much to be desired. To the front wheel for depreciation instead of the telescopic plug, adapted compressive springs. The engine started to rotate pedals.

Moped "Riga-11"

His speed was only alone, but the wheels were struck by power, and the rear dimming lantern and headlight could be connected to the engine D-6. Alas, the frames of such models were not distinguished by durability, and they themselves were very heavy.

Moped "Riga-12"

The saddle he had a short, the trunk was small - but there was a special air filter mounted in the frame. There were mopeds and cycling pedals - so that when driving to the mountain, you could help the EC-57 engine (Shaulian), if he did not cope.

Moped "Riga-13"

It was probably the most pretty model of those years - the D-8 engine, a very well-established light and even a high-voltage transformer, with which problems with the ignition coil characteristic of previous models were eliminated. Such mopeds did not go from production until 1998 - and were launched in 1983.

Moped "Riga-26"

Model 1982. The most compact moped of the production of this plant: it could not only be stored on the balcony, but also to carry in the automotive trunk. True, he weighed more than decent - 50 kg. The wheels were like a scooter, small and plump; The steering wheel and the seat could be lowered.

Motor plus pedal, and a relatively fast and affordable vehicle was obtained.

Motorbike B-901

Motorbike B-902

Motovibic MB-042 "Lvovyanka"

Lviv mopeds MV-044, MP-043

Moped MP-048, he "Verkhovyna-3"

They almost did not differ from each other. The light moped MV-044 was equipped with the engine D-5, had a power of 1.2 horsepower. On the moped of MP-043 there was an engine power - W-51; Power - 2 horsepower.

Moped Spiriditis

The new model of the same auto plant was produced since 1963. This device, although was called the motorbike, actually possessed all the advantages of the moped: he had a telescopic front plug, the rear suspension on the spring, stamped frame. And the motor, of course. Later models were even equipped with two shock absorbers.
Single-cylinder two-stroke engine, volume 45 cm3, power - 1.2 horsepower. This pleasure weighing is 30 kg, and the speed has developed up to 40 km / h.

Bike "Riga-1" with a motor

Light moped "Riga-2 Gauja"

Moped "Riga-4"

Motor in 45 "cubes", tubular front frame, spring-loaded front plug - and still headlamp that feeds from the generator and allows you to ride in the dark. These models were produced from 1961 to 1963.

Moped "Riga-5"

Moped "Riga-11"

Moped "Riga-12"

Types of two-wheeled small motorcycles are quite diverse: it is bicycles with suspended motors, heavy mopeds, characterized by greater power and usually having gearboxes, mokyki - mopeds with a kickstarter, minimatomollers (scooter).

All this technique, in accordance with the rules road The Russian Federation can be combined with the general name of the "moped" - a two- or three-wheeled vehicle driven by the engine with a working volume of no more than 50 cubic meters. cm and having a maximum design speed not more than 50 km / h. I note that in the 70s - 80s of the last century, in the USSR, the working volume of moped engines should not exceed 49.9 cubic meters. See, the Soviet plants were focused on this limit border. However, the difference between 49.9 cubic meters. cm and 50 cubic meters. cm is really not tangible.

The first motorcycle, the release of which was established at the beginning of the 20th century at the Lenter plant in Riga, can be largely considered to be moped. This motorcycle called " Russia"Was a conventional bike with a 1-cylinder engine installed in frame internal combustion. With a motorcycle "Russia", the engine is more than 50 cu. cm, with mopeds - low maximum design speed (up to 40 km / h) and, most importantly, the presence of cycling.

Motorcycle "Russia" cost about 450 rubles, and only wealthy people could acquire such a car. Therefore, production volumes were very small - several dozen motorcycles per year. In 1910, the production of motorcycles "Russia" on the Lenther Factory was discontinued, the company began to produce only bicycles.

Light mopeds

Experienced motorbike samples were created in the USSR in the second half of the 30s. So, at a Moscow cycling plant manufactured an experimental batch of motors with suspended motors with a capacity of 1.3 liters. With. who were supplied from Odessa, from the "Red Profintern" plant. And in Leningrad, on the mechanical factory named F. Engels, mastered the release suspended motors To male bike MD-1.

On the photo Bicycle HZZ with the engine "Red Profintern", 1936.

Engine of the Leningrad Plant named Engels.

Photo from Moto magazine, March 2003.

However, the great Patriotic War Massed to deploy large-scale production of suspended motors and motorbikes. The mass production of this technique was started in the USSR only in the post-war period.

One of the first post-war suspension cycling - " Irtysh", Installed under the pedal bicycle carriage. The drive on the wheel was carried out by a rubber roller pressed to the bus. Engine working volume 48 cubic meters. cm developed the power of 0.8 hp, which made it possible to overclock the bike up to 30 km / h. "Irtysh" was produced in 1954-55 by the Omsk Motor-Building Plant named after the Baranov.
Consumer reviews about Irtysh were very ambiguous. For example: " Our Motor brand "Irtysh" ... turned out to be a capricious and wristing creature. He was suspended so low that almost dragged on the road. Road dirt dried between the ribs of its cylinder, stuck in the air filter ... The clutch lever often broke. To get to Magneto, it was necessary to disassemble the entire bike carriage. Movement from the motor to the rear wheel was not transmitted via the chain, but through the rubber drum, which rotated the wheel. But if it recently passed the rain and the road was wet, then the drum only slid over the tire, and the bike did not move away. I had to wait until the road would dry". (D.Dar, A.elianov "there, behind the turn ...", M., "Young Guard", 1962).

Prototype "Irtysh" - engine ILO-F48 1948.

Photo from Moto magazine, March 2003.

"Irtysh" by bike.

Photo from Moto magazine, March 2003.

At about the same years as "Irtysh", produced similar in design, but a more powerful engine MD-65 (66 cubic meters. Cm, 1.7 hp). The drive on the wheel was also carried out using a rubber drum.

The situation has changed for the better with the beginning of production in 1956 by Kharkov bicycle plants of engines D-4.. Unlike the "Irtysh", which had a German prototype - an ILO F48 engine of the 1951 sample, D-4 was completely domestic development. This is a two-stroke single-cylinder engine with spool gas distribution, a 45 cubic cylinder. cm, the degree of compression is about 5.2. The engine developed the power of about 1 hp At 4000 - 4500 rpm and had a chain drive to the rear wheel. Bicycles, installed on them D-4, developed speed up to 40 km / h.

It is curious that the rural self-taught rural designer created this engine (!) Philip Alexandrovich arrived, spending about 10 years. Compared to the "Irtysh" and similar domestic, as well as foreign structures, D-4 looked so much so profitable that, for example, the magazine "Technique - Youth" called him the best locomotor of the world (K. Pigulevsky, first place in the competition with best motors Peace, "Technique - Youth", №2, 1958).

It is difficult to say whether anyone has arranged testing d-4 in comparison with the "best motors of the world", but D-4, indeed, was a new word in the production of cycle engines. It is not by chance that he repeatedly undergoing modernizations, called: D-4, D-5, D-6, D-8 was produced in our country for about 40 years - at the beginning in the Kharkov Bicycle Plant, then on the Leningrad "Red October". Production was truly massive - in 1982 an 8-million engine of the "D" series was released. It is produced by the modernized "Dashka" and now, the truth is not here, but in China. Moreover, the Chinese version of the arrival of the arrival is successfully exported to Western Europe, USA, and to us, to Russia.

In 1958, the Kharkiv cycle began to produce a bicycle specifically under the "D-4" engine.

Compared to normal road machine This bike had a shock absorber in the front fork and the tire of increased size. Apparently, B-901 can be considered the first Soviet mass produced by the Motorbian. Then the production of motorbikes was transferred to the Nalvovsky plant "Metal" (from 1960 "Lviv Motorbike Plant" - LMZ). In the same year, the plant began the release of Motorbikes in-902, differing from B-901, mainly frame design.

Photos from the site: alkatrion.com

In 1962, the design bureau of the plant created a motorbike MV-042 "Lvivoyanka". It was a fundamentally new model with a special bearing all-grained frame, a telescopic front fork and, even spring-loaded rear suspension.

Photos from the site: roker.kiev.ua

At the first part of the "Lvivyanka", the engine stood all the same - d-4. In the process of subsequent modernization of the moped, instead of the rear plug with the central spring began to install double shock absorbers in aluminum covers. And, most importantly, the change of D-4 came new Motor - D-5., with an increased up to 6 units, the degree of compression. Engine power increased to 1.2 hp With 4500 rpm, fuel consumption remained at 1.5 l / 100km.
High thermal tension D-5 forced constructors to apply new cylinder with developed ribs and a removable head.

A light moped came to change "Lvivyanka", characterized by developed droting and angular shapes.

Photos from the site: bestmebli.ru

In 1969 began to produce new model - “MP-045"With a reinforced frame and a gas tank of greater tank.

The last of the light mopeds produced by the Lviv Motorbike Plant is " MP-047 "" Tisa ". After this model, the plant fully moved to the release of heavy mopeds - "Verkhovin", and subsequently "Carpath".

It should be noted that on all light mopeds of the Lviv plant were established rear shock absorbers. Light mopeds of other Soviet factories, as, however, and most of the foreign light mopeds of those years, such "luxury" did not have.

Almost simultaneously with the plant in Lviv, the release of light mopeds was adjusted at the Sarkan Zvyagzne Riga Motion Plant ("Red Star") and on the Penza Bicycle Plant named after M.V. Frunze.

As the chassis of the first light moped, the release of which was started in Riga in 1959, served as a male bike manufactured here. "

Photos from the site: www.mopedmuseum.ru

The acquaintance engine D-4 was well installed on the bike. (A. Popov, cooled star, "Moto", №1, 2012, p.88). The resulting design strongly resembled Motorbike B-901 Kharkov Veloshvod.

The next motorbike of the Riga Plant - "Gauja" ("Riga-2").

Photos from the site: forum.grodno.net

Motorbike was produced in 1961 - 1963, was distinguished by an elegant frame, an inhibited engine and a spring-loaded front fork.

To change "Gauj" came with a frame of a simpler design, increased gas tank capacity and engine D-5..

Photos from the site: suvenirrussian.ru

And in the 70s, the issue was established Riga-7Completed engine D-6.. This engine, in contrast to D-5, had a larger diameter rotor and a dual winding of the ignition coil. Such modernization made it possible to feed the headlight and the rear light of the moped directly from the engine, and not from the external dynamo generator, as it was in mopeds, equipped with motors D-4 and D-5.

In the late 70s, Sarkan Zvyagzne began to produce a new model - "Riga-11".

The moped received a ridge frame instead of a closed, smaller diameter wheels but wider. The benzobac was moved to the rear trunk and reduced in capacity from 5.5 to 4 liters. It is unlikely that this model can be called successful. The weight of moped, compared to Riga-7, increased by 8 kg, and the ridge frame, which could be expected, turned out to be less strong compared to closed.

Apparently, for these reasons, the production of "Riga-11" was soon minimized, she came to replace the same wide 19 inch wheels, but again with a closed frame and a gas tank on the traditional place for mopeds - the upper beam of the frame.

Photos from the site: rstcars.com

The weight of the moped is, compared with Rigo-11, it was possible to reduce 2 kg. D-8 engines and modifications were installed on the moped. A distinctive feature of D-8 was a good light and the presence of a high-voltage transformer in the ignition system.

Riga-13 was produced up to the closure of the plant in 1998, becoming the most massive, and at the same time serial model Riga light mopeds. Perestroika and subsequent market reforms destroyed the Riga Motion, as, however, most of the country's motos.

The workshop of the legendary Riga enterprise is currently either demolished or are in a dilapidated state.

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

It is curious that after the cessation of the release of Riga-13 at the Riga Motion Plant, a moped for some time produced the State Unitary Enterprise "Leningrad Northern Plant", who received the working drawings of the moped from Riga.

The third plant, which produces light mopeds in the USSR, is the Penza bicycle plant. M.V. Frunze (ZIF). The first model was a motorbike 16-VM, very strongly resembling Lviv in-902.

Then, in 1972, the release of the model with the engine D-6 began

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

and since 1977, Ziph-77. The last two models were distinguished from similar Riga models of those years (Riga-5 and Riga-7) by a 2.5 liter gas tank and a slightly less weight.

In the "troubled years of perestroika" the release of mopeds on Ziphe was discontinued. However, the plant managed to save. Now ZIF, renamed in 2008 in the Penza Bicycle Plant LLC, produces seven models of male and female road bikes and two models of adolescent bicycles.

Currently, in the Russian Federation, as well as in other republics that have once been part of the USSR, there is not a single plant, serially producing motorbikes.

In very limited quantity Only sets are made from the engine and special fasteners to install on a bike. The most famous of them is a "comet", manufactured in St. Petersburg. The buckle kit can go in the engine with a capacity of 1 hp, 1.5 hp and 2 hp The drive drive from the engine transmits rotation to the pulley (bicycle rim), which is attached to the spokes on the rear wheel.

Photos from the site: motorbratva.com

The moped weighed about 70 kg, equipped with a single-cylinder, two-stroke engine with a working volume of 98 cm3. Compression ratio - 5.8. The engine developed 2.3 liters. from. With 4000 rpm and had a two-step gearbox. The maximum speed is 50 km / h. From the above technical data, it can be seen that "Kievant" is very similar to the pre-war "arrow." This is not surprising, since the prototype and "arrows" and "Kievanin" consider the popular German moped "Vanderer-98" equipped with the engine "Zachs". Since 1952, KMZ began to manufacture heavy M-72 motorcycles, and there stopped mopeds. The scale of production of "Kievanin" was small: in 1951, 14.4 thousand mopeds took off from the conveyor.

In parallel with the Motorbian K1B on KMZ since 1947, his three-wheeled modification for the disabled were produced. She was called K1vAnd she had only one, left rear wheel.

At the Riga Motion Plant "Sarkan Zvyagzne" in 1958 a moped was developed " Spiridithis"(" Boy with finger ") with a 60 cubic engine. cm.

The car was small, mainly due to the engine, and did not go to the series. As a solution, a license was purchased for the Czech 50-cubic engine "Java", whose production mastered the plant in Solauye. Under new engine Riga developers created a moped "",

Photos from the site: oldschool-mc.ru

who launched into mass production in 1961. The moped turned out to be pretty light - 45 kg. Two-stroke engine with a working volume of 49.8 cubic meters. see, equipped with a two-stage gearbox, developed the power of 1.5 hp, which allowed to develop maximum speed 40 km / h.

In 1965, the moped "Riga-1" changed the new model "",

Photos from the site: moped-balaachna.do.am

equipped with an upgraded engine of Shaulian production Sh-51. Power 2 hp Externally, the moped "Riga-3" was not very different from its predecessor, unless the modified shape of the tank, the seat of the custoded type and the frame with the elongated tail part. Riga-3 turned out to be more powerful "Riga-1" by almost 30%, it is easier for 2 kg and accelerated to 50 km / h.

From 1970 to 1974, the engineering motion produced "" with the engine Sh-52. with a capacity of 2.2 hp ..

Photos from the site: moped-balaachna.do.am

This model was very similar to Riga-3 and differed only with a small change in the facing of the body and entering new technical solutions in the design: the electroshem has changed (the high-voltage transformer has been added), the design of the plates for wheels and chains, the design of the gearbox gearbox, trunk, The new wheels of the smaller diameter are installed, and the speedometer drive was carried out from the engine.

Photos from the site: adengo.ru

This model in its dimensions was really "mini": it was easily placed on the roof or in the trunk a passenger car, in the elevator, on the balcony or in the utility room of a residential building. Handles of the steering wheel, if you release the clamping colts, it was possible to turn down, reducing almost twice the height of the machine. With the same purpose, a device for lowering the saddle was provided. In the first years of release, the moped had no rear shock absorbers.

"Riga-26" put the engine B-50 with manual transmission or engine B-501 - With foot switching. Power in B-50 or B-501 was the same - 1.8 hp ..

A little later on this mokik began to install Czechoslovak production engines with a horizontal position of the cylinder, much more reliable, as well as the shifting gear. Maximum design speed "Riga-26" - 40km / hour.

Mini Mokik "Stella" RMZ-2.136 (RMZ-2.136-01) difference from Riga-26 chassis. Mokik was put in-50 or in-501 engines, later - B-50m and B-501m - Power 2.0 hp Moss Mokka - 54 kg, speed - 40km / hour.

In the mid-80s, Sarkan Zvyagzne also began to produce mokik Delta RMZ-2.124 (RMZ-2.124-01).

Photos from the site: moped-balaachna.do.am

Installed on Mokik all the same engines B-50 or B-501. And the maximum design speed was the same as "Riga-26" and "Stella" - 40km / hour.

The first heavy mopder created on the Lviv Moto Plant became released in 1967, moped "MP-043" Unified by the frame with a slight mopder "MP-044". At MP-043, the same engine was established that "Sarkan Zvyagzne" was put on Riga-3 - S-51 with a capacity of 2 hp with a two-stage gearbox.

In 1969, a new model "" came to change "MP-043"

Again, unified on the frame with the simultaneously produced light mopder "MP-045".

It must be said that the angular forms of "MP-043" and "MP-046" did not cause a large delight of buyers who preferred heavy mopeds of the Motosabe Riga Motion.

The situation has changed with the beginning of the moped "Verkhovyna-3" (MP-048).

Photos from the site: minsk-scooter.by

The moped design was significantly changed. Moped began to remind little motorcycle. At the "Verkhovyunu-3", they set the same engine - sh-51k, as for "MP-046", but instead of Magdino M-102, which controlled the ignition from previous models of mopeds, the ignition generator M-420 was installed, equipped with remote high-voltage transformer. This improvement made it possible to significantly increase the reliability of the ignition system, due to the fact that with this design, the ignition coil is not exposed to heat from the operating engine.
In general, it can be said that the first model of the "Verkhovykh" turned out to be quite successful. Buyer attracted both an interesting appearance of moped and enough high level His reliability. Therefore, the demand for "Verkhovyun-3" was large enough, and all the development of models of "Verkhovyna" and then went to the direction given to the very first modification. It is still worth mentioning that the first model has already been produced, except for the standard, in the tourist version - with luggage bags and windshield.

"Verkhovina-4" (LMZ-2-152) was produced on LMZ since 1972. The moped received a more comfortable saddle, a slightly modified tank, the engine W-52.

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

it was produced since 1974 and was distinguished by a strongly modified appearance. The moped received a horizontal tank with a capacity of 7 liters, another trunk, a new front fork. The moped was installed the engine W-57.

In 1978 they began to release "Verkhovin-6" (LMZ-2.158) With a few modified design and engine W-57, and later - sh-58 with a kickstarter.

In addition to the basic model, release was also started "Verkhovny-6-Sport"and "Verkhovny-6-tourist". "Verkhovny-6-Sport" was distinguished by the upper arrangement of the muffler, the steering wheel of the cross-type with a jumper and an undercorns front wheel. The "Verkhovy 6-Tourist" had a wind shield and two spacious luggage bags behind the driver's saddle.

One of the "Verkhovin-6" became a two million moped (!) Lviv motosair.

"Verkhovyna-7" (LMZ-2.159) - The last of the "Verkhovin" - was produced from April 1981. A new front plug was installed on the moped, new, more powerful, lighting and a new trunk. At the "Verkhovyunu-7" put the deformed She-62 (m), and later - in-50. The maximum design velocity of the moped was reduced to 40 km / h.

In the spring of 1981, there was no less significant for the history of Lviv Motosable model - Mokik "Carpathians" (LMZ-2.160),

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

and in 1986 Mokik was released "Karpaty-2" (LMZ-2.161). Both Mokka "Carpathians", in the development of which a branch of VNIITE in Leningrad took part, was equipped with an EC-58 or W-62 engine with a non-contact ignition system.

If we talk about the external differences between the mops "Verkhovyna-7" and "Carpathians", then the most obvious is a form of frame, a tank, silencer and side casing with "Carpath". The developers have increased the service life of a new model: Mokka's warranty mileage "Carpathians" amounted to 8000 km (the "Verkhovyna-7" was 6,000), and the resource before the first overhaul is up to 18,000 km compared with 15,000 km from the "Verkhovin". As with the "Verkhovyna-6", the Mokka "Carpathians" also had similar modifications - moped "Carpathian tourist" and youth moped "Carpathians-Sport". Subsequently, a moped was still produced "Carpathians-2-Suite", a distinctive feature which were turning signs.

In 1988, Lviv Motiosavo produced 123 thousand mopeds. Once the volume of production of this plant was twice as much, however, in the second half of the 80s it was necessary to reduce the production of 50-cubic machines due to falling demand and actively develop new models to attract buyers. A new model of LMZ-2.164 was developed. In 1990, the Serpukhov Research Institute of Motorcycle Buildings constructed a new modern model Motor D-51 with a petal valve on the inlet and automatic centrifugal clutch, which was supposed to be installed on the new models of Lviv mopeds, but did not go to the series ...

The collapse of a single country led to the death of Lviv motion. Now in its territory, the sports complex "Inter-Sport", as well as many small firms that do not have any relations to mopeds.

Summing up the Soviet stage of the history of domestic motorious construction, it can be noted that in the 60s - 70s, the moped was one of the most affordable vehicle For the population of the country. Mopeds were produced by millions of pieces, the deficit of mopeds in the trading network (maybe, with the exception of individual models) has never been. Mopeds were also available at the price. For example, in 1975, Moped "Riga-7" cost 112 rubles, Riga-12 - 186 rubles, "Verkhovyven-5" - 196 - 198 rubles (depending on the configuration). For comparison - the price of the Motor Collera "Electron" was 270 rubles, Minsk-105 motorcycles - 330 rubles, "Sunrise-2" - about 420 rubles, etc. Two-wheeled motorcycles, especially mopeds, could acquire any worker.

It is curious that overtaking the company FRG and France, which began the beginning of the mass production of small motorcycons, by the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century, we took the third place in the world (after Japan and Italy) for the production of mopeds and began to supply them to the external market (for example, in Hungary, Poland, Angola, Bangladesh, in Cuba and even in Italy). (M. Leonov, how to be a youth mopdid?, "Technique - youth", № 3, 1983, p. 48).

The only plant in the Russian Federation, currently massive mopeds patriotic developmentThis is the name of the name of the Diegeeva in the city of Kovrov. Back in the 90s, the company began to produce mokik sports type Zid-50 "pilot".

Photos from the site: Scooter-Club.ru

Mokik with a dry weight of 81 kg is equipped with a two-stroke engine with a volume of 49.9 cubic meters. CM with a power of 3.5 hp The engine has a three-step gearbox. Maximum design speed (according to documents) - 50 km / h. Really, the moped accelerates to 70 km / h, which is not surprising with such engine parameters. Later was developed modification of the "pilot" - mokik Zid-50-01 "Active"

Photos from the site: portal.localka.ru

with modified design. IN last yearsboth on the "pilot" and on the "asset", along with the two-stroke, began to install Chinese four-stroke engines LIFAN 1P39FMB-Cand Lifan 1p39qmb. volume of 49.5 cubic meters. cm and with a capacity of 3.4 hp

With the Chinese "four-story" plant began to produce a scooter. it "Zide" - "Lifan".

Unfortunately, the "pilots" and "assets" with the Chinese engine are significantly more expensive than similarly Chinese models.

On the "Zide" an attempt was also made by the release of mokika small class Ziid-36 "Ptah". Mokik weighed only 35 kg, was equipped with a two-stroke engine with a two-stage gearbox with a volume of 36.3 cubic meters. cm and 1.5 hp. Maximum design speed "Ptakhi" was 30 km / h. (Really it was possible to overclock up to 45 km / h).

Alas, the demand for Ptahu was significantly lower than on the "pilot".
In addition to the scooter with the Chinese engine "Lifan", Zide still developed a scooter in 2000 "ZDK-2.205" - "Arkan".

The curb mass of the scooter was 100 kilograms, it was installed double saddle and steps for the passenger. A large number of scooter details was unified with a mokik "Pilot". "Arkan" had an engine with a capacity of 3.5 hp, a requoteled fan with a mechanical drive, an electric starter, a separate lubrication system. Transmission - with manual clutch, 3-speed KP and a chain drive on the wheel, remained similar to "pilot". Total released 500 "Arkanov", after which the production was discontinued.

Vyatsko-Polyan Machine-Building Plant "Hammer", in Soviet times produced electronic engine "Electron", in 1998 he began to produce scooter VMZ-2.503 "Streach"

Photos from the site: DRIVE2.RU

with a two-stroke engine "Simson". His capacity of 3.7 hp (at 5500 rpm) enough to accelerate the crew to 60 km / h. The engine was used to engage gear gears from the engine to the clutch, 4-speed gearbox, electronic ignition system. However, "Strege" enjoyed low demand from buyers, and soon its production was rolled.

Perhaps, in addition to competition from the cheap "favorite" Japanese scooters, a certain role was played as "Arkan" and "Streach" had mechanical boxes Transmissions and were designed for motion guides with experience. And the youth preferred a scooter with automatic clutch and variator.

At the State Unitary Enterprise "Leningrad Northern Plant" (LSZ) in 1994 was developed a moped LSZ - 1.415 "Pegasus".

It was a classical layout moped with a bike type pedal engine, a single-cylinder two-stroke engine without a gearbox, anterior telescopic fork and a rear suspension with a swing engine transmission. Engine installed on the moped D-14. 45 ccm cm and 1.8 hp The maximum design speed of Pegasus was 40 km / h.

Unfortunately, Pegasus has revealed a lot of flaws. In particular, the characteristics of the D-14 engine made a problematic troken on the motor from a place and driving at low speed. As a result, the lack of demand forced to remove the model from production.

After that, for Pegasus in 2002, an Indian engine was acquired Ankur CM-50 having automatic centrifugal clutch. The engine had a volume of 49 cubic meters. See and developed the capacity of 2.4 hp, accelerating the moped to 50 km / h. The resulting modification was named "Pegasas-31". And in 2005 was released "Pegas-33" With a kickstarter.

At St. Petersburg (Leningrad) "Red October", for many years we produced the engines of the "D" series, in the 90s, also tried to establish a release of low-intensive motorcycles with a motor D - 16.. It was collected and implemented by the population a small number of Mokikov series, "Fora-Classic" and "Fora-mini".

The engine D-16 had a volume of 49 cubic meters. cm and power 2.2 hp, reminding Salea engines installed in the old years for "heavy" "Riga" and "Verkhovykh".

However, for reasons of economic nature, the mass production of mopeds of the "Fora" series has failed.

In the late 90s, the Tula Machine-Building Plant developed Mokik.

The moped had a unique arcuate frame (like a children's park rocking chair) and anterior fork of the original design.

Experienced examples of "frigate" with different motors: "ZID-50", "VP-50" and even, "Franco Morini" With a 4-speed gearbox. But, the moped series was not launched.

Izhevsk Plant developed the hardest of domestic mokikov IL 2.673 "Cornet".

Photos from the site: yaplakal.com

Its cutting mass exceeded 90 kg. By appearance "Cornet much more reminded powerful motorcycle, not a moped. The two-stroke engine "Cornet" had a working volume of 49.6 cubic meters. cm developed power 3 hp And it was equipped with a four-stage gearbox. The moped was released serially, entered the trading network, but soon its production was discontinued.

However, at present, Izhevsk plant collects 50 cubic "Patron King 50" licensed.

So, in an independent RF, the mass production of "heavy" mopeds could not be organized. The only exception is ziid, producing "pilots" and Izhevsk plant with licensed "Patron King".

Is the revival of mass domestic moped construction in our country? - Currently, apparently not. Cheap low-voltage motorcycles with mileage supplied mainly from Japan and no less cheap new mopeds made in China, firmly captured domestic market. True, in China, in recent years, the strike movement of industrial workers with the requirements of raising wages has become increasingly unfolding. Owners of foreign firms that built their plants in China, as well as home-grown Chinese capitalists forced to satisfy the requirements of the strikers. Ultimately, the wage increase in Chinese workers will likely promise an increase in the cost of their products, which will reduce its competitiveness in the global market. But will it help this Russian motorcycle?

In Soviet times, mopeds were incredibly stylish and fashionable personal vehicles. Especially among youth.

The motorcycle was expensive and demanded garage storage. And a moped, like a bike, often brought to the apartment.

Motorbike "Arrow" with a copy of the engine "Vanderler" (from 1936 to 1940)

The photo failed to find, perhaps this is "Vanderler"

Motorized bike in901

The motorized bike B901 was produced in the Kharkov Bike Plant in the 50s of the last century.

The bike had a frame of reduced height and a reinforced plug. The wheels had a size 26 "x 2". Also installed a steering wheel with extended handles and a trunk with a clamp.

- engine d-4

- Bicycle weight along with the engine - 27 kg.

Motorbike in-902

Produced Lviv motion since 1960.

Motovibic developed speed of 35-40 km. hour. On B-902 there is a tubular welded frame with two upper pipes. The front plug has spring shock absorbers and turns to the right and left on two radial-resistant ball bearings. The rigidity of the springs of the shock absorbers is tuned by screwing and unscrew the shock absorber nuts. Hard rear wheel suspension. Motor D-4 with a capacity of 1 liters. from.

MV-042.

In 1963, the plant mastered the new MV-042 model, which carried the name of the motorbike, but in fact it was already a moped: a special stamped frame, a telescopic front plug, rear suspension on the central spring. Later models, according to some data, were produced with two shock absorbers. We produced in 1965. MV-042 "Lvovyanka" single-cylinder two-stroke engine with a working volume of 45 cm3 Maximum power of 1.2 liters. from. Mass moped 30 kg Maximum speed 40 km / h

"Spriditis"

The company Sarkan Zvyagzne was organized in Riga in 1940. On the basis of a nationalized "Bicycle Factory of the city of Erenspris." In 1958, the first experienced samples of the Spriditis moped were collected on it with a 60-cubic engine, the prototype for which one of the "Pooh" models was served.

This machine did not go to the series, but the experience gained allowed to create a more successful design that was called Riga-1.

As a basis, one of the mopeds of the brand "WINTER" was taken, but instead of a short-sighted front plug, a telescopic was made, and in rear suspension Instead of rubber elastic elements, springs were used. Initially, the car was equipped with a 50-cubic Motor Motor "Java", later the production of similar power aggregate (50kub.Sm.x 1,5l.) was mastered at the Vairas plant in the Lithuanian city of Shauliai.

Riga-2 Gauj

In parallel from 1959 Equipment of the Bicycle "Riga-16" by the Motor "D-4" (45KUB.Sm.x1.2l.) of the Leningrad Plant "Red October". It was a temporary solution. Already in 1961. Buyers were proposed "Light" moped Riga-2 Gaui with the same motor specially developed by a tubular frame and spring-loaded front fork. From this point on, two families of mopeds were built at the factory, conventionally divided into "heavy" and "lungs", with Motors of Shaulian and Leningrad plants, respectively.

Riga-4.

In 1970, the plant presented a new model "Riga-4" with a 49.9 cm3 engine (which did not require the availability of rights) and 2 hp. From the innovations: a high-voltage transformer appeared, the shields for the wheels, the trunk has changed, the design of the chain, gearbox, was changed, installed a new trunk, and the speedometer drive was from the engine. But the main thing - for the first time on a moped, 16-inch were installed instead of 19-inch wheels. Probably, therefore, Riga-4 has no longer looked so in Soviet.

Riga-5.

From 1966 to 1971, the successor of Gaui was produced - Riga 5. According to the design, he was quite different from the predecessor. For example, for the depreciation of the front wheel in Riga-5 was not applied telescopic fork, and compressing springs allowing the fork to bend forward. The design has changed. The gear was not, the engine "D-5" started from rotating pedals. Despite the simplicity of control, the dynamics of the moped deteriorated significantly. Rama strengthened, because Past models sinned breaking ram. In 1971, Riga-7 came to replace Riga-5.

Riga-7.

Riga-11.

After the moped "Riga-7", the new "Riga-11" was released - a stylish one-speed moped with powerful wheels. D6 engine retained. But the model turned out to be quite severe, and the frame is not strong enough. In addition, the original tank, placed under the trunk, in practice delivered a lot of trouble when driving uphill, especially when there was little fuel.

Riga-12.

Riga-12 was produced from 1974 to 1979. It was equipped with the Shaulian engine W-57 and had cycling pedals with which it was possible to help the engine when driving uphill. The model was distinguished by the presence of a paper air filtermounted in a frame. Produced with different embodiments of fastening and fuel tank forms: with a ignition coil from above under a tank, with a spool reel from the bottom of the frame under the tank. Visually was very similar to Riga-16, but was distinguished by a short saddle and a smaller trunk.

Riga-13.

The moped moped of that time - Riga-13 came to replace the light mop "Riga-11". It was produced since 1983 and equipped with a 1.3 hp engine, which accelerated the moped to 40 km / h. Early models were equipped with the engine D-8, and later began to put engines - D-8E, D-8 m. His distinctive feature is a good light and installed high-voltage transformer that eliminated frequent problems With the ignition coil. Riga-13 has become the most popular Most of the plant and was produced until 1998.

Riga-16

In 1977, a two-speed model Riga-16 was launched into production. Moped has a muffler of a motorcycle type, a kickstarter, lever rear brake, rear lamp, original coloring and new steering wheel. The first models were equipped with the Shaulian engine W-57, and later versions received the most successful engine W-58. In fact, Riga-16 is the first mokik in the USSR (before that there were mopeds with pedals). With its own weight, 45 kg Mokik could carry up to 115 kg of cargo!

Riga 22.

In 1981, the plant began to release Mokka Riga 22, which was the modernization of the Riga 16 model and equipped with the EC-62 engine. The engine radically differed from its predecessors. In particular, he had a powerful electronic contactless ignition. The direction of rotation of the crankshaft had to be changed due to another transmission. But, a good design failed. Therefore, in 1984, the entire system was upgraded by an engine, developing 1.8 hp, became known as sh-62m. At the same time, the design of the muffler changed. But the gearbox still remained the weak link of Mokka Riga 22.

Riga-26 (or "mini" RMZ-2.126)

In 1982, the plant presented a very unusual Mokik "Riga-26" (or "mini" RMZ-2.126). It became the most compact in the entire history of the plant and easily placed not only on the balcony, but also in the trunk of any soviet car with a body wagon. That's just weighed 50 kg. Riga 26 was distinguished by small chubby wheels, like scooters, and the steering wheel and the seat could go down, making Mokik even more compact. Engine - Sh-62, B-50 or B-501, all - Shaulian plant.

Delta (RMZ 2.124)

By the mid-80s, overproduction of mopeds was observed on the market, so the plant decided to concentrate on new models of Mokikov. In 1986, a completely new development was presented - Mokik Delta (RMZ 2.124). The original frame and successful engine were key elements of the success of this model. Delta received a two-speed engine in the 50 Shaulian plant, on which many shortcomings of previous models were taken into account. And the shift gear in the engine in-501 generally caused admiration for bikers. Small parties produced delta with cast wheels and three-speed polish engines.

Mokik Stella (Stella)

Following Delta, the Riga plant showed Mokik Stella (Stella). It was installed engine M-225 from the Babetta moped. After the collapse of the USSR on Stella, except for the engines from Babetta, they began to install engines from Polish Mokka Dezamet and French Peugeot engines.

MV-044.

Lviv mopeds MV-044, MP-043

The models have many common nodes and parts and differ mainly by the engine design and electrical equipment. Light moped MB-044 has a D-5 engine with a working volume of 45 cm3 and a capacity of 1.2 hp. and ignition system from magneto. On moped MP-043, a more powerful engine W-51 with a working volume of 50 cm3 and a capacity of 2.0 hp is installed. With a two-step gearbox and ignition system from flying magneto.

Maximum speed MP-043 - 50 km / h, fuel consumption - 2 liters. per 100 km path. Dry weight - 48 kg.

The light moped MV-044 develops the maximum speed of 40 km / h and consumes 2 liters. Fuel per 100 km path. Dry weight - 38 kg.

MP-043.

MP-045, MP-046.

MP-045, MP-046.

All-welded hermetic fuel tank With a capacity of 6.6 liters, provides a reserve of over 300 kilometers. Rama on new mopeds is significantly strengthened. On both models, the engine cooling is improved: new shape shields fully open cylinders and heads.

Moped MP-048 "Verkhovyna-3" (1970-1973)

General data: the highest speed is 50 km / h; dry weight - 51 kg; The greatest load (including the driver) is 100 kg; Fuel tank - 5.0 l.; average flow Fuel - 2.2-2.6 l / 100 km.

Motorbike 16-B1 (since 1963)

Penza bicycle factory. M.V.Fruunze (PVZ)

Motorbike can develop speed up to 40 km / h.

Fuel consumption 100 km. Ways at a speed of 25 km / h - 1.5 liters.

Motorbike weight - 34 kg.

Light moped MV-18 (since 1972)

From the previous model, it is characterized by greater reliability, modified by the gear ratio of the pedal drive. Engine installed D-6. Petrol is increased to 5 liters in volume. Weight - 34 kg.

Light moped zif-77 (since 1977)

M.Fruunze's Penza Bicycle Plant was produced.

This model is an upgraded version of the former MB - 18m and differs from it improved finishing of the surface of the nodes and parts and a new, melamid-alkyd enamel. The moped is easy (its dry weight is 35.2 kg), develops a speed of 40 km / h, consumes only 1.8 liters of fuel at 100 kilometers of the path, the largest permissible load - 100 kg