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Military truck GAZ AA. GAZ-AA "SERVOGER": Large country truck
06.03.2020

It's not by chance that I say "short." The history of the truck is known to many and, frankly, is typical of many Soviet cars.

In 1926, American businessman Henry Ford decided that the states need a new truck, and he could work well on this. Therefore, in 1929, the country began to drive Ford Aa on the roads of that country. We will talk about the technical side of the truck a little later, so far only we note that in 1930 this car appeared in the Soviet Union. 72 thousand cars were purchased by the Soviet side, a license for production and to walk so much - a plant for the release of these machines. By 1932, the plant in Nizhny Novgorod was launched, and the production of our gas-aa began. "Onespot" is slightly different from Ford: in addition to the enhanced clutch and other changes, the truck acquired a air filter, which, due to some very American reasons, was absent on Ford. However, externally, it was all the same "American". Nevertheless, the connoisseurs will be easily distinguished by the real Gazovskoye "half-one" from the Western ancestor, even less sophisticated car enthusiasts of these differences will not see. But we were lucky: a copy that today stands in front of us is the most important gas, and the quality of restoration can cause only admiration. Well, remove the hat before the restorers and consider the car near.

Glitter and poverty "Onespore"

In order to avoid throwing the author, we note that for all the time of its production, GAZ-AA has changed more often than Michael Jackson over the past twenty years of life, so comments that "at the" One-weeks "actually wooden doors, and headlamp housings, And not chrome "are not accepted. Our instance is the most complete, even if you want, rich version execution. There were, of course, and easier, especially in the war. The essence does not change from this, "half a gun" - it is "half a gun". Only our copy is also beautiful - again, because of its "luxury" execution.

The first thing that rushes into the eyes of a modern motorist is wide wings, moving in the steps of the door. Exactly the same stood on the passenger gas. Thanks to them, the cabin looks wide, although in fact the place in it is very small. But outside it looks very good, exquisitely a little in a passenger. Let's open the sidewalls of the hood and see what is there, inside.

Initially, gas-aa stood a motor capacity of 40 hp. The compression ratio is impressive - 4.25. On our car there is a later gas-mm motor - almost the same installed on the passenger "EMCU", GAZ-M1. Strictly speaking, we are not gas-aa in front of us, but gas-mm. However, all the difference between them in the motor, which became more powerful at 10 "mares" (50 hp). This force aggregate It is known for its monstrous unpretentiousness, and if he could kill something, then only the extremely low qualifications of drivers and the service personnel of that time. However, there are advantages: In war, there are cases when, after the failure of Babbitt liners, they have quite successfully replaced a piece of a leather officer belt. With such "liners", the car could drive some other distance to the venue of better repair. Draws attention to the absence high voltage wires On the candlelight - instead of them are narrow metal plates. All this in order not to forget that "dad" -ford is a cheap car, and the expensive wires are not to her face.

We have already said that there was no air filter on Ford. On gas-aa he is, but this does not mean that he was on all gases - sometimes he was not put here. By the way, sometimes on this car did not put a lot of things, both before the war, and during her. The main thing was to drive the volume, therefore put what was in stock. Well, if there was nothing, I didn't put anything, so there are cars without air filters (which, frankly, did not go for a long time), with one pilot, without glasses or other spare parts, not affecting the main functionality.

Contrary to popular belief, the lack of some parts does not mean that the car is mandatory in military modification. This is just a reason to remember that the main thing was the implementation of the Plan for the production of trucks. Military gas-aa differed, first of all, rectangular welded wings, the absence of duplex rear wheels (standing at one wheel) and one headload instead of two. Another sad consequence of the release of a huge amount of production was the disgusting quality of the car assembly. It is good that the design often allowed to forgive many flaws in the assembly, so not even in the best way collected cars Still they were able to ride.

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The car has no fuel pump. Fuel tank It is placed where the car's usual for us should be the instrument panel: in front of the driver and passenger, with the neck in front of the windshield. Gasoline from it is a self-shot in a rising flow carburetor, the design of which does not allow an excess of fuel to fall into the cylinders, and from there - in Carter. The domestic carburetor K-14 is one of the differences between Ford, where American Zenith was installed. By the way, about fuel. In Gaz-AA, you can pour gasoline, and in hot weather - and Kerosene: go, and nothing will be. But the high-octane gasoline "half-timer" is not. More precisely, he will cause a "heartburn": he is burning longer, it tramples where it should not be buried, so it is impossible to pour it. Changing the shape of the combustion chamber for use at least 80th gasoline would lead to unwanted care from the original, so the output was found different: the use of a mixture of gasoline with aviation kerosene. On such a cocktail, the car goes, and even how!

Another sign, according to which "half-hour" can be distinguished from the alien to our spirit of "American", is a regulator relay. Our - rectangular, Ford - round. You will choose a gas-aa - pay attention to this, so that the Ford do not slip.

Electrical equipment Shesis, with mass on the "plus" - then it was the norm. But it deserves attention, so this is a generator. He, of course, produces permanent current. And if the voltage regulates the relay, then the driver's strength driver had to be changed manually. For this, the generator was the third brush, which, removing the lid, it was necessary to move each time depending on the number of consumers included. Of course, few people had a desire to follow this factor, therefore usually the current once and forever exhibited the maximum. Hence the frequency boil of electrolyte in the battery and the periodic failure of electrical equipment. Monitor the battery - too, pleasure is not too big, considering that he is hidden under the bottom of the cabin, and only a qualified gynecologist can easily get to it. When you read on the Internet that weak place It was all the equipment - do not believe too much. Almost everything was in order with him, unlike (now I repeat, even kill!) Technical literacy of the chauffeurs.

Some words deserve brakes. But such words here can be voiced here, illegally it. I will say this: there is no brakes. And this, taking into account the fact that on our car they are on every wheel, and after all there are modifications where they stand only from behind. On military machines, for example, they never had them on the front axle. Yes, and on those where they were, the front brake mechanisms It was often removed: their mechanical drive did not differ reliability, but a little sense from them. The benefit that speeds then were low, and 20-30 km / h, rarely when 40 (although on the passport - all 70!), Allowed to somehow stop. Could help the assistant who was sitting next to the driver: if he wanted to live, he grabbed a healthy lever manual brakes And pulled on himself. In this case, gas-aa stopped a little faster. The drive of the brakes of the rear wheels is also very peculiar: under the load of the thrust began to breed the pads regardless of the desire of the driver, which did not add the car. Again, again the same assistant, which was sent to the car to twist the adjustment of the length of the pull.

And now a few words in the protection of the system. The fact is that our people could not afford to ship in a semi-trial truck only one and a half tons. Not in Russian, it is somehow, therefore "halfdra" usually traveled with overload, which could not but affect both the efficiency of the brakes and in the framework of the frame, which is also often scolded for insufficient strength. In vain scold. First, you do not need so much to ship. And secondly, the frame "half-timer" is a much more interesting design than it seems at first glance. And the dog is buried here not somewhere, but in the transmission.

There is such an inrogenous phrase - Torque Tube. In Russian - the "tube of the cardan shaft". If quite in Russian, this is a system at which the cardan is placed in a closed pipe, which is a longitudinal pull. The torque pushed the car into the frame through this mechanism. The design is controversial, but she was like that, and not to go anywhere. For this reason, it is impossible to put an ordinary drive shaft on the "half-hour": the force without the pipe breaks the rear semi-elliptical springs. The scheme using the pushing pipe was typical for many american cars that time. Thus, the frame was performed and the functions of the springs as an element of the suspension. Hence the apparent excessive softness of the chassis, which has become a good reason to accus it in unreliability. If you congel, then you can break BelAZ, and the frame here is neither. And the front springs, by the way, the gas-aa is alone, and she is transverse.

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Behind the wheel "half-two

It's time and behind the wheel. Oh, I do not envy the drivers of this car! Places for the chaffin and passenger are less than you can imagine. I thought for a long time to attach left leg. Did not invent.

But for the right foot next to the microscopic button "Pedal" of the gas there is even a small area. As it is convenient to put a leg to her, I did not understand, but it is.

The combination of devices does not like the imagination with its beauty, as the originality of the solution. The fuel level pointer is the usual float (the gas tank, as we have already spoken, by and large and there is this dashboard). Speedometer with a fixed arrow, but a rotating drum marked in kilometers per hour. Why am I talking about kilometers? Because it is the only metric value in this car. All other sizes are inch.

A peculiar impression is overview from the cab. It seems, and the edge of the hood is visible, and the edges of the wings, and all the same dimensions feel hard. Apparently, the case is in an exorbitant wide cabin plumage. The rearview mirror (it is one) helps to experience the feelings of Stevie Wander at a concert: You know what is around there is something that makes the heart thrust, but what exactly - you do not see. On the gearshift lever - a small "dog", which prevents an involuntary turning on the rear speed. As you can turn it on inadvertently - I do not understand. But the Americans are on the Americans to come up with such a chip. Under the wheel - ignition timing lever: There is no centrifugal mechanism.

The starter pedal is a bit uncomfortable, it is necessary to put the foot for the steering column, but the gas pedal is under the heel. Wait, we go!

Touch, of course, from the second speed. It is easy - it is much easier than turning the steering wheel. Twist such a ram - Titanic work. Maybe it would be a little simpler with a rim of a larger diameter, but in the event of an enlarged steering wheel, the driver would not be left at all. You have to twist this, but there is a feeling that you turn the car, but the earth is under it. The whole planet, the whole globe. Pleases the radius of the reversal: it is small, and turn the truck on the patch can be without unnecessary torment.

On January 29, 1932, the most massive delivered truck came off the conveyor of the Gorkovsky Automater.

The first time the strange word "half-timer" I heard as a child from my grandfather. He told how during the war, the twelve-year-old boy was driving a potato, waiting for sending to the front. And then ran ahead of the car, which did not include the only headquarters, and warned about funnel left by projectiles. On my question "What is this - half a hand?" The grandfather could not answer. And not because I did not know what it was, but because I did not understand how I could not know. A little more satisfied my interest father: "And this is such a truck, with a wooden cabin. We were drunk on it in the morning. " And then there was a colorful story about the warm loaf, which the boy was a mustache home in front of the school and, without holding away from the smell, laid off his crust, for which every time he received a reprimand from his mother.

GAZ-AA car (1933-1939) at the Moscow Museum car factory them. Leninsky Komsomol. Photo: RIA Novosti

Birthday "Onespot", or rather, a gas-aa truck, it is considered on January 29. On this day in 1932, from the conveyor of the plant in Nizhny Novgorod (which in the same year will become bitter), the first car went. It was installed on it a four-cylinder engine with a working volume of 3285 cm 3, which developed the power of 42 liters. and four-step gearbox. The basis was a frame, and the suspension served as a suspension, providing lifting capacity to one and a half tons. From here and his nickname "half-timer" or "half-and-anddraw". Despite this, "half-sighters" were almost always operated with significant overload and often transported to three tons. Until 1934, the car was equipped with a cabin made of wood and pressed cardboard, later they were replaced by metal, and during the war, the materials did not always have enough even on the door of the tarpaulin.

Becoming enough popular transport, "half a gun" turned out to be indispensable during World War II. Simple, reliable construction and unpretentious character allowed the car to become both the supplier and the carrier of weapons.

American roots

The history of the Gorky automotive factory was created in the spring of 1929: March 4, the EMD of the USSR was signed by an order of construction, on April 6, a place was chosen, and on May 31, an agreement was concluded with Ford Motor Company for helping and establishing the mass production of passenger cars type Ford-A and trucks such as Ford-aa. That is, essentially gas-aa is an American product. At first, 72 thousand cars were brought from America, and production was a simple assembly. But in parallel with her, the plant has established its own release of the chassis and other components and since 1933 the car became completely Soviet.

Ford-aa. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

Almost a million

During all the production, 985,000 Gas AA cars were released in various modifications. For the Nizhny Novgorod automotive factory (future gas) it was the first serial carBut besides him, the assembly was carried out at the Moscow Plant Kim (AZLK), at the Rostov Auto Mountain Plant and Ulzis (UAZ).

Twist

Due to the constant problems with the starter, which did not always worked for more than six months, in order to start the car, the drivers had to turn the handle. This action often became a key point in films with the participation of "half-timer".

"Heavenly" wings

In the summer of 1943, the Gorky plant suffered greatly from bombing, and due to the lack of materials, the release of gas-aa was greatly simplified. The truck was completed only with one left headlamp, only with rear brakes and only rearly folding board. Thin steel sheets went to armared, as a result of which the plant was forced to abandon their use in the cabin "Highway". But without wings, the car could not ride in the then road, so they began to make them from roofing iron. The new material did not have plasticity and wings were obtained square.

Gas-AA car at the opening of the historic car exhibition brand gas "Heroes of his time" in the metropolitan GUM. Photo: RIA Novosti

Fireman "Line

With the advent of the "half-timer" - an inexpensive mass truck, a fire service was possible. At the Mius plant of fire trucks, founded in Moscow in 1919, on the Gaz-Aa chassis fire engine. For alteration, trucks from the Kim conveyor distilled their move. From the basic "carcass" was distinguished by the presence of a power take-off box, thanks to which the pump that swung water was worked. The name "line" went from a special wooden body, with benches for fire team fighters and water tank.

The coin of Russia "Leningrad" with the image of half-one, breaking through the blockade through the lake. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

Minor in silver

The legendary car was captured by the obverse of the coin released in the Leningrad series. "The Road of Life", which passed the supply of a blockade city, was laid by these trucks.

Historical value

In the Soviet Union, it was forbidden to own trucks in private, so most of the "half-one" was gradually seized and transferred to various enterprises. Over time, it was more complicated over time, and the cars surrendered to promine. Since then there were annual standards for the delivery of secondary raw materials, enterprises easier to write off the old technique. That is why gas-aa is in good condition - the real rarity and the dream of an autocollector.

Gas-aa cargo car is the legendary car of the pre-war and military era of the USSR. This truck was produced since 1932 at the Gorky Automobile Plant. The name of Gas Aa was not chosen at all by chance, since the car is a copy of the American truck Ford AA, the party of which was purchased by the Soviet Union. It is based on the "American" and the gas-aa truck was built, which was subsequently repeatedly modernized.

The history of the first gas-aa

In the early 1930s, the Soviet automotive industry was in its infancy, more precisely, it was practically not. The leadership of the country decided to buy a license for the production of simple and affordable in the maintenance of Ford Aa. The Gorky automotive plant at that time was the largest machine-working plant, so the process of assembling the Soviet truck was decided to establish exactly there.

Since the gas-aa device was very simple, Soviet engineers designers quickly replaced American nodes domestic, which were developed in the local design bureau. It helped to increase production, some details from the United States had to expect for several months before. Serial production of the Soviet truck began in 1932, and the pace of assembly was immediately very high. About 60 new trucks came up with a conveyor plant.

Soviet gas-aa was distinguished from its American pre-preparation for a number of reasons:

  • The clutch crankcrequin was decided immediately replaced by cast, since the American Tin Carter seemed too fragile;
  • The worm steering mechanism has been strengthened;
  • Carburetor received air filterwho was not on the American truck;
  • Gas-AA Body was renovated on domestic drawings.

After a few years, Soviet designers managed to develop a unique dumping version of GAZ-AA. Unlike traditional dump trucks with a lifting body, dumping half-timer had a simpler work algorithm. Due to the bottom of the bottom of the body, the cargo simply slid through the open back board of the machine.

Features of the design of Gas-aa

Powerful gas-aa frame received spring pendants in front and rear. The absence of shock absorbers made this truck very hard and unstable, although no one in those years have even thought about such nuances. Any car was then perceived as a miracle, so no one paid attention to the primitive suspension design. But it was breaking quite rarely, which was repeatedly demonstrated during the Great Patriotic War.

Gas-aa engines have always differed simplicity, high reliability and maintainability. Their feature was that they perfectly worked on the worst gasoline and even on Kerosene. This currently enjoy automotive collectors who have rare gas-aa. Low-fucked fuel is now impossible to get it, but Kerosene is sold freely.

Fully on domestic components, Gas-Aa has passed in 1933. Although many believe that the gas-aa cabin was wooden, it was made of wood only until 1934. Then she became metal with a roof of a tarp. The main flaws of gas-aa were as follows:

  • Unreliable starter and battery. The starter burst in 5-6 months, and the battery by this time also failed, so the car usually started the curve starter;
  • The absence of shock absorbers also delivered many inconvenience to drivers;
  • The sharp shortage of tires led to the fact that right at the factory the rear axle was completed only by two wheels, instead of four, which had a negative impact on the lifting capacity and sustainability.

Despite some disadvantages of construction, technical gas-aa characteristics were high enough for their time. The truck became the most massive Soviet car in the military and pre-war years. On the chassis of gas-aa, set many different installations, tanks, carboratories and special machines. The famous "Katyusha" was established on the chassis of Gas-AA.

Modernization of gas-aa in 1938

In 1938, gas-aa was seriously modernized. The main innovation was new engine Gas-mm. New Motor was much more powerful that allowed to increase maximum speed cars. In addition to the motor, the modernized "half-timer" received a more reliable and modern steering mechanism and a cardan on needle bearings.

The car before the war was widely used in various industries of agriculture. At that time, the lifting capacity of 1.5 tons was considered optimal since more powerful trucks It was simply not in the Soviet Union. However, in many industries of agriculture, they quickly invented how to increase car lifting capacity. For this, the body sizes simply increased by extension of the sides.

Technical characteristics of gas-aa

Soviet rear-wheel drive truck GAZ-AA had a classic front-line arrangement and the following specifications:

  • Machine length - 5 335 mm;
  • Width - 2 030 mm;
  • Height - 1 870 mm;
  • Curb weight - 1 810 kg;
  • The engine was installed on machines until 1938. Had a working volume of 3,225 cm / cm and could develop the maximum power of 40 l / s;
  • Engine cooling system worked on water;
  • Transmission was mechanical;
  • PPP four-speed.

After 1938, GAZ-AA was renamed Gas-MM. During the Great Patriotic War, gas-MM trucks were decided to simplify, so the cabins began to produce from wood. Metal was needed for the construction of tanks.

Basic modifications based on gas-aa and gas-mm

On the chassis of gas-aa and its improved modification of gas-MM, the following truck models were produced:

  • GAZ-AAA - interesting sample truck increased passibility. Had three axes and the wheel formula 6x4. This original truck was created on the basis of the American Ford Timken truck. The car was capable of transporting goods up to 2 tons weight. But due to the complexity of the design, this truck was produced very minor circulation. Three-axle trucks of this modification were produced from 1934 to 1943. In 1937, the car received a gas engine from gas;
  • BA-10 is a small batch of armored car on the chassis of gas-mm. Since in the fall of 1941, a small batch of armorpus remained at the Izhora factory, it was decided to establish them on the gas chassis. Finished armored vehicles were collected by the spring of 1942, and only came to the Leningrad Front;
  • GAZ-410. Dump truck on Gaz-AA chassis. Released from 1934 to 1946. He had a lifting capacity of 1.2 tons. These trucks were very in demand in the construction sector, since they did not need special staff for unloading;
  • GAZ-42. Interesting modification on firewood. Produced from 1938 to 1950. The power of this modification was 35 l / s, and the lifting capacity was about a ton. In reality, the lifting capacity was about 800 kg, since the reserve of firewood was constantly talked, weighing about 200 kg;
  • GAZ-43 is the same gas generator model, as well as GAZ-42, only this modification on the corner worked. The gas generator unit was more miniature than GAZ-42;
  • GAZ-44 - this modification worked on gas;
  • NATO-3 - half-sized modification. Serially not released;
  • GAZ-60 - half-sized modification;
  • GAZ-03-30. The most famous Soviet bus of the 1930-1940s. Distinguished by a 17-seater body, which was made of wood and sheathed with metal;
  • GAZ-55 - Special modification, which is a sanitary car.

In addition, from 1932 to 1941, the PMG-1 fire car was produced.

The Soviet gas-aa truck will forever remain in the memory of people, as it constantly flashes in the military chronicles. It was these trucks that made their weighty contribution to the victory over the fascist Germany.

The gas-aa car was firmly firmly fit into the history of the Soviet car industry. For the implementation of ambitious projects on the industrialization of the national economy from 1928 to 1932, the Soviet Union required cargo transport. By the end of the 20s, trucks in the Soviet Union produced only two plants: the Moscow First State Plant and the Yaroslavl Third State Automobile Plant.

But there were not enough of these technical facilities, because both plants were created even in the pre-revolutionary period, and by the mid-20s, when the Soviet government thought about the construction of the first autohygigant in the country, it turned out that there were no necessary experience and technical resources in the Union. Then the Kremlin and turned his eyes to the West, namely, the Henry Ford car empire.

By the time the designers had already had some experience of cooperation with American automotive companies. In particular, the release of the car AMO-3 at the ZIS plant relied on the experience of American automotive industry for the production of trucks.

The agreement with Henry Ford was concluded on May 31, 1929. Start the construction of the car giant planned near Nizhny Novgorod.However, in addition to the construction of the plant, the contract further provided for the construction of two assembly enterprises on the assembly of Ford car from finished machine-sets.

The plant itself was built according to the drawings of the Ford plant, therefore the first cars released from the door of the plant were precisely the Ford-Ford cars (we had a gas-a), and Ford Aa (we called GAZ-AA cargo version).

The more famous figure in the automotive world than Henry Ford did not exist. His plants in those days produced every second car from all cars produced in the world. Ford models won universal popularity for their simplicity, reliability and low cost.

The Ford Aa car, which is a licensed prototype of the gas-aa car (half-one), does not have practical differences from the latter, even the Ford emblem and then moved to gas-aa, and instead of the word "Ford" the same font inscribed the letters "USSR".

In those distant thirties, Henry Ford has provided the USSR in the construction of the automobile plant. Soviet experts even allowed access to American plants. About 50 traitors each year went abroad to acquire valuable experience.

Initially, the factory was put on the conveyor licensed Ford Aa, but just one year later, when the factory was learned to independently make knots and spare parts for them, the car was called gas-aa.

Officially, this happened on January 29, 1932. In a solemn atmosphere, with speeches and posters, Nizhny Novgorod car facility told the world about the release of his first car. Despite the fact that they were made according to Ford's drawings, they still had to modify: strengthen the crankcase, grip ,.

Immediately on cars installed 40-strong Ford engines. Spare parts came from America. But in 1938, they were going completely from their details. Being forced, the new gas-aa engine has already issued 50 horse power, accelerating a truck up to 70 km / h, with an average fuel consumption of 20 liters per 100 km.

It is important to note that with all its simplicity, the GAZ-AA truck was technically perfect, but for our designers, he still represented an auto machine with possible progressive development.

During the Second World War, when the Germans attacked Russia, they used mainly trucks Opel. It was in all respects more modern cars than Soviet gas-aa, and at first, the Germans even laughed and cheered over them, they say, the Russians go to the American trample of the 20s.

But when the Germans closely encountered our off-road, they understood what the superiority of our easy one-tospru bed before their Opel heavy truck.

The Gaz-aa half-timer did not have a fuel pump, the tank was located on top, and the gasoline came to the engine of gravity, and plus simple mechanical brakes were installed. All this made a car as much as possible in the field, and literally on the knees all the faults were eliminated, it was enough to only apply the Russian smell.

By the way, the engines from the half-one-hour later began to install the gas-67 commander jeeps, hence the lack of problems with spare parts.

The German army had an insane diversity of all sorts of equipment, and each car needed details of this particular model.

One-hour gas-aa was called for its lifting capacity of 1.5 tons. it legendary car passed the whole war, he was literally universal soldier Perform any tasks. Yes, at the beginning of the 40s compared to german Opel. It was already morally and technically outdated models, but at the same time their indisputable advantage was simplicity in service and unpretentiousness to fuel.

It is no secret that all cars created in the Soviet Union were originally created for war. In addition to the state inspection, it became registered with the military registration and enlistment office, and in case of war, she called military service Together with the driver.

During the war, Gaz-Aa Hydramika was performed from the sheets of plywood to save iron. This is a very closest cabin on modern standards, and only a person could accommodate in it not a big set (truth worth saying that 60 years ago and people were smaller in size).

On the dashboard The first-grandfather were in principle the same devices as on modern models Trucks, absence, except, water temperature.

The time when it is time to cool the engine and change the water, the driver determined independently, which is called "on the eye". Among drivers were and folk craftswho managed to attach the usual thermometer to the radiator, then to observe the temperature of the coolant from the cabin.

The total contribution of the gas plant in victory is difficult to overestimate! During the war, the plant completely reoriented to release military equipment. Slogan: "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" It was relevant here than ever. In the shortest possible time, the GAZ plant, like many other plants throughout the country, rebuilt on the production of military products. Gas-aa cars, cars began to produce even formerly tractor and combine factories.

On the "Life Road" leading to Blocadeal Leningrad through Ladoga, a monument was made by one and a gun, as the main truck, saving thousands of human lives. It is on him, thanks to his not greater weight, various goods were delivered along the lake ice (food, medicines, spare parts and raw materials for plants) in a deposited city.

Only a few cars of GAZ-AA lived to this day. But so far, search teams are found in the forests, lakes and swamps of the two-year-old years, and after careful and painstaking restoration work in workshops of individual enthusiasts, some of them even come to life.

There are several victory symbols in the Great Patriotic War, which will remain in our memory for many generations forward. The gas-aa car was served by the workshide throughout the Soviet Union, burned, shattered, exploded. It is not for nothing that the remains of half a gun with a punishment cabin are found everywhere. By courageously passing the test of war, half a hand, like a car worker, became a symbol of post-war Russia.

As you know, serious businessmen seek to acquire spare parts for trucks Only in proven and reliable suppliers. The company "TMK" has been working in the spare parts market for almost 20 years, and during this time proved to customers their reliability as a permanent partner, supplier of spare parts for cargo machinery. You can buy spare parts for MAZ, KAMAZ and other special equipment, incl. rare and complex design, in any quantities at the most competitive prices. Conclude an agreement for the supply of spare parts on an ongoing basis with such a supplier as the company "TMK" means creating a reliable rear in providing any transport company The most important - spare parts.

Years of production - Assembly Class 1.5 tons Other designations "Gazik", "half a gun", "halfdra" Design Platform Ford-Aa sample 1930 Layout Front, rear-wheel drive Wheel formula 4 × 2. Engine Transmission 4-st. MCPP Characteristics Mass-overalls Length 5335 mm Width 2030 mm Height 1870 mm. Clearance 200 mm Wheelbase 3340 mm Weight 1750 kg On the market Related GAZ-MM, GAZ-AAA Other Loading 1500 kg Gas AA on Wikisklad

GAZ-AA (half-timer) - the cargo car of Nizhny Novgorod (in 1932), later the Gorky Automobile Plant, with a lifting capacity of 1.5 tons (1500 kg), known as half-timer. Initially, the sample was the American Ford Model AA model of 1930, but later designed for domestic drawings.

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History

Initially, it was released at the Ocean Beep plant in Canvin, 10 samples of the American truck Ford model AA 1930, but later, the Soviet engineers prepared their own drawings before the launch of the autohygigant (Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant), revised the design, nodes, platform and the first serial name -Aa came down from the conveyor of the Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant (called) on January 29, 1932. By the end of the year, the plant renamed after the city in Gorky automotive, produced 60 gas-aa trucks per day. Unlike the American Ford model AA, on soviet gas-aa The clutch crankcase, the steering mechanism, is installed, the air filter is installed, etc., and in 1930, the onboard body was designed for Soviet drawings. Fully from the Soviet components GAZ-AA collected since 1933. Until 1934, the cab was made of wood and extruded cardboard, and then replaced with a metal cabin with a dermatinal roof.

In 1938, the truck was modernized and received a 50-strong gas-MM engine (its modification of Gas-M was installed on the passenger car GAZ-M1 "Molotovts-1", better known as "EMCA"), reinforced suspension and new steering mechanism and cardan shaft. There were no external differences in gas-aa from gas.

There was also a modification of gas-aa with a dump truck, at the beginning of the release, called GAZ-C1, later GAZ-410. The principle of action of this dump truck was quite interesting. The load is evenly distributed in the body was supposed to overturn the platform back, if not a special stopping device, the handle of which was in the middle of the left side. For unloading, the driver released a handle, the cargo refused back, and the empty body under the action of gravity was returned to the horizontal position, after which it was fixed with the help of a handle.

Soon after the start of the Great Patriotic War due to a lack of thin cold-rolled steel and a number of components that were supplied by third-party enterprises, the gas was forced to switch to the release of a simplified military truck gas-MM-B (intra-water index MM-13), whose doors were replaced by triangular side The fences and foldable tarpaulin doors, the wings were made of the roofing iron by the method of simple bending, there were no brakes on the front wheels, only one headlight headlight was left and with non-tidy side sides.

In 1944, pre-war equipment was partially restored: wooden doors appeared, that is, the cabin became wooden-metal (and remained such before the end of the truck production), later the front brakes appeared again, folded side boards and the second headlight. The last gas-MM desired from the Gorky conveyor on October 10, 1949. Another year (and according to some reports, until 1956), half-sided collected in Ulyanovsk, where they were released since 1947.

Years of release (gas) -AA / GAZ-MM: on the name / Gaza - 1932-1949; At the Moscow Plant Kim - 1933-1939; at the Rostov Motor Mountain Plant - 1939-1941; On the Ulzis - 1942-1950.

985,000 copies of gas-aa, gas-mm and their derivatives were issued, including during 1941-45. - 138 600. To the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the ranks of the Red Army, 151,100 such cars were listed.

Thus, the "half-timer" became the most massive Soviet car of the first half of the 20th century. They could be found on the roads of the country until the end of the 60s.

Design features

Constructively simple and technological freight car Gas-aa was made according to the classic scheme on a frame chassis with a spring suspension. Cabin's plumage is unified with passenger car Gas-a.

The design feature was a device rear suspension and transmission, where the so-called pushing tube (English Torque Tube) was used as a longitudinal thrust, inside which the closed drive shaft was located, which rested into the bronze sleeve exposed fast wear And the need for frequent repairs. Insufficient vitality differed and fastening the reactive thrust of the front suspension, which perceived the effort when braking. Accordingly, the mileage on the refusal of the "half-timer" was significantly less than that of the "Triumphons" ZIS-5, besides, "half a gun" was almost always operated with a significant (up to double) overload.

Engine. Due to the low compression (4.25: 1) unpretentious and maintainable gas-aa engines And gas-MM could be operated at the lowest grades of fuel, including ligroin and even kerosene (in warm season and on a heated engine) and low-quality industrial lubricants (autolas and nigrols).

Low resource was the scarce starters with a battery (on rare Machine They served over six months), so in real exploitation, the car started the "curved starter", that is, the handle.

There were a special deficit of tires that differed by low-cost (8-9 thousand km at regulatory 20 thousand), so in the late 1930s and during the war, the two-sporks often went from the conveyor only with two rear wheels, that is, with a single Oshinovka rear bridgethat, accordingly, reduced the lifting capacity. Wheels - 6.00-520.

However, due to the mass conveyor production of Gas-AA / mm, there was a massive truck, and in general, a car in the prewaging USSR and in the Red Army (over 150 thousand on 06/20/1941).

His chassis served as a base for creating a number of specialized and special modifications of military and civilian purposes: Charging and lighting power plants, radio stations, a long-distance detection radio system, Radio and repairs "Fellowship", autolaborate sanitary and anti-chemical purpose, fuel and oil refresher , Aviation-starting machines, acoustic and light air defense systems, various tanks, polyvoy machine, ambulance carriages, etc.

Gas-aa and -mm aggregates were widely used when creating military and combat vehicles, including light tanks, BA-6 and BA-10 series armored vehicles, SU-12 self-propelled installation with a 76.2-millimeter regulatory cannon, artillery tractor, Katyushi BM-8-48 and other equipment.

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