As in the Soviet Union, Gaz-AA "Onespora" or the heritage of Ford appeared. GAZ-AA - the legendary Soviet "half-timer", which passed through the Great Patriotic War, the technical characteristics of GAZ-AA

GAZ-AA: from dump truck to the bus. Gas-aa - gas-mm car. The need for a mass semi-trial car arose in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s - new plants, canals, roads and power plants were built in the country, and it was simply unthinkable to carry out that it was simply unthinkable. Nizhny Novgorod has been chosen by the place of construction of the auto plant-giant, which has qualified personnel, developed by the transport network, as well as a powerful metalworking industry.

A sketch project of the enterprise was ordered by the American Ford Motor Company, where the Soviet government commission went on May 31, 1929. Soon with the Americans, an agreement was concluded, according to which the Ford Motor Company administration was obliged to provide technical assistance to the Soviet Union in the construction of the automobile plant, the organization of cargo and passenger cars, as well as in training Soviet specialists and trainees on American auto plants in the amount of up to 50 people annually.

The prototypes of cars for the release of them on the new automobile plant were American cars - the cargo Ford-AA and the light Ford-a.

Serial production of Naz-Aa semi-trunk trucks began on the Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant on January 29, 1932. True, at the end of the same year and the city, and the car factory, and the cars produced on it were renamed - the city was called bitter, the enterprise is the Gorky Automobile Plant, and the passenger and cargo cars - gas-a and gas-aa. The first two-weeks were made through Fords, however, taking into account the Russian realities, the overseas car had to be equipped with an enhanced Carter of the clutch mechanism, a new steering device, a air filter, and also designed on a gas wooden on-board body.

At first, the trucks were collected using Ford components, and since 1933, all gas-aa began to leave the factory gate, fully equipped with domestic details, mechanisms and aggregates.

1 ignition lock; 2 - fuel level index; 3 ammeter; 4 - button adjustment of the composition of the fuel mixture; 5 - speedometer; 6 - Steering column bracket

It should be noted that for the beginning of the 1930s, the truck had a fairly perfect design. The basis of the truck was a powerful spar frame, on which the cabin and body were fixed. The power unit was a 42-strong gasoline engine with a 3.285 liter working volume. The main advantage of this motor was his "omnivo" - he worked not badly not only at the cheap low-octane gasoline, which we are unlikely to hear - A-52, but also on Ligroine or kerosene.

By the way, the 40-liter fuel tank on GAZ-AA was standing above the carburetor, so gasoline came to it without a pump, a self-shot.

The vehicle transmission included one-sided dry clutch and a four-step transmission.

The suspension at the half-sided - dependent, and the front axle rests on the transverse semi-elliptical spring with pushing rods, and the rear - on a pair of longitudinal cantilever springs without shock absorbers. The rear suspension of the machine had an original design with a so-called pushing pipe, inside of which the drive shaft was located. The pipe rested into the bronze sleeve, which due to increased wear required frequent repairs.

The main brake had a mechanical drive, however, due to its low efficiency, drivers preferred braking engine.

Until 1934, the truck cab was manufactured from wood and pressed cardboard, and in the future, a metal cabin with a dermatina roof was installed on the car. In 1938, gas-aa was upgraded - it was equipped with a 50-strong engine, an enhanced suspension, improved steering mechanism, a more reliable cardan shaft and, accordingly, was given a new name - gas-mm. True, externally, the old and new two-sighted one almost did not differ from one another.

The electrician gas-aa was distinguished by a small reliability - a particularly low resource was at the battery and a starter, so that the drivers often had to start the car only with the help of a starting handle. They did not differ reliability and tires - with regulatory activities of 20 thousand km, they were worn out after 8-9 thousand km. The shortage of tires led to the fact that during the war from the factory conveyor, once again went half a week with single-sided rear wheels.

In 1934, the mass production of gas-aaa - three-way version of the two-year version was detached. This car was created under the leadership of the leading designer of the V.A. Gracheva. In total, 37,373 three-way cars were produced on Gaza.

One-week served as a good base for creating a variety of modifications. Thus, on the branch of Gaza, the Gorky buses plant from 1933 to 1950 gathered 17-seater buses GAZ-03-30, in pre-war times the most common in the USSR. The body of this bus had wooden frame and metal trim. In addition to the "civilian", on the basis of GAZ-AA, they produced a staff bus for the needs of the Red Army, and on the basis of the three-axis two-year-old gas-aaa - an army sanitary bus.

In 1936, the production of a gas-410 car-410 vehicle with a lifting capacity of 1.2 tons was organized at the Gorkovsky Auto Plant. The tipping mechanism of the body had an original, kinda "gravitational" drive, in which the weight of the severity worked. The body was equipped with a locking device, whose handle was located at the left side of the dump truck. To unload the car, the driver shifted the handle, the body leaned and the cargo refused back. The empty body under the influence of gravity was returned to its original position and was re-fixed by the locking device.

In the late 1930s, gas generator gas GAZ-42 was created on Gaza, gas-failed gas-44, as well as a GAZ-60 half-sized car. On the basis of gas-aa and gas-MM, cars were produced by petrol workers, automotive cars, as well as AC-2 autostrators, designed to start engines of aircraft.

A lot of cars of the Gorky Automobile Plant were called to the service in the Red Army - half-sighted were over half of the army fleet. Most of them was intended for the transportation of troops, for which machines with onboard body were used, equipped with removable benches, on which 16 fighters were located.

During the war on the gas-MM chassis, Army sanitary cars GAZ-55 were produced, GAZ-05-193, radar stations, spotlights, sound trap, and hiking workshops, and 3850 gas-aa trucks and gas-mm were equipped with anti-aircraft guns and Tightened anti-aircraft machine guns.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Gorky auto plant cars had to be significantly simplified, which was explained by the lack of metal and the desire to reduce the production cycle of the production of machines. Thus, the two-weeks were equipped with the rear brakes, they lost the front bumper and the right headlamp, and instead of rounded stamped front wings on GAZ-AA, the wings of the M-shaped shape bent from the roofing iron appeared. To all, the body opened only the back side of the body, and in 1942, instead of a steel cabin, it began to produce simplified, with tarpaulin riding and canopies instead of doors. In 1943, the cars were equipped with closed wooden cabins with tarpaulin roofs.

On the basis of two-axis and three-axis half-timer, a lot of armored cars were developed by the factory designers. So, from 1936 to 1938, 394 BA-6 armored vehicles were released on Gaza, from 1938 to 1941 - 3331 BA-10A and BA-10M armored car, and in the late 1930s, bronorcupus was installed on the short-circuit chassis Previously issued and spent their time armored vehicles. In addition, the designers have created prototypes of BA-9 armored vehicles, as well as floating armored cars PB-4 and PB-7.

During the war years, the gas has released 102,300 cars of various types and modifications. And in December 1945, the plant unfolded the serial production of new trucks - GAZ-51 and GAZ-6Z. The assembly of the last half-timer gas-MM was completed on gas in October 1949, and a year later - on the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant.

Gas-aa cargo car is the legendary car of the pre-war and military era of the USSR. This truck was produced since 1932 at the Gorky Automobile Plant. The name of Gas Aa was not chosen at all by chance, since the car is a copy of the American truck Ford AA, the party of which was purchased by the Soviet Union. It is based on the "American" and the gas-aa truck was built, which was subsequently repeatedly modernized.

The history of the first gas-aa

In the early 1930s, the Soviet automotive industry was in its infancy, more precisely, it was practically not. The leadership of the country decided to buy a license for the production of simple and affordable in the maintenance of Ford Aa. The Gorky automotive plant at that time was the largest machine-working plant, so the process of assembling the Soviet truck was decided to establish exactly there.

Since the gas-aa device was very simple, Soviet engineers designers quickly replaced American nodes domestic, which were developed in the local design bureau. It helped to increase production, some details from the United States had to expect for several months before. Serial production of the Soviet truck began in 1932, and the pace of assembly was immediately very high. About 60 new trucks came up with a conveyor plant.

Soviet gas-aa was distinguished from its American pre-preparation for a number of reasons:

• The clutch crankcrequin was decided immediately replaced by cast, since the American Tin Carter seemed too fragile;
• The worm steering mechanism has been strengthened;
• The carburetor received a air filter, which was not on the American truck;
• Gas-AA Body was renovated on domestic drawings.

After a few years, Soviet designers managed to develop a unique dumping version of GAZ-AA. Unlike traditional dump trucks with a lifting body, dumping half-timer had a simpler work algorithm. Due to the bottom of the bottom of the body, the cargo simply slid through the open back board of the machine.

Features of the design of Gas-aa

Powerful gas-aa frame received spring pendants in front and rear. The absence of shock absorbers made this truck very hard and unstable, although no one in those years have even thought about such nuances. Any car was then perceived as a miracle, so no one paid attention to the primitive suspension design. But it was breaking quite rarely, which was repeatedly demonstrated during the Great Patriotic War.

Gas-aa engines have always differed simplicity of design, high reliability and maintenance. Their feature was that they perfectly worked on the worst gasoline and even on Kerosene. This currently enjoy automotive collectors who have rare gas-aa. Low-fucked fuel is now impossible to get it, but Kerosene is sold freely.

Fully on domestic components, Gas-Aa has passed in 1933. Although many believe that the gas-aa cabin was wooden, it was made of wood only until 1934. Then she became metal with a roof of a tarp. The main flaws of gas-aa were as follows:

• Unreliable starter and battery. The starter burst in 5-6 months, and the battery by this time also failed, so the car usually started the curve starter;
• The absence of shock absorbers also delivered many inconvenience to drivers;
• The sharp shortage of tires led to the fact that right at the factory the rear axle was completed only by two wheels, instead of four, which had a negative impact on the lifting capacity and sustainability.

Despite some disadvantages of the design, gas-aa specifications were high enough for their time. The truck became the most massive Soviet car in the military and pre-war years. On the chassis of gas-aa, set many different installations, tanks, carboratories and special machines. The famous "Katyusha" was established on the chassis of Gas-AA.

Modernization of gas-aa in 1938

In 1938, gas-aa was seriously modernized. The main innovation was the new gas-mm engine. The new motor was much more powerful, which made it possible to increase the maximum speed of the machine. In addition to the motor, the modernized "half-timer" received a more reliable and modern steering mechanism and a cardan on needle bearings.

The car before the war was widely used in various industries of agriculture. At that time, a lifting capacity of 1.5 tons was considered optimal, since more powerful trucks were simply not in the Soviet Union. However, in many industries of agriculture, they quickly invented how to increase car lifting capacity. For this, the body sizes simply increased by extension of the sides.

Technical characteristics of gas-aa

Soviet rear-wheel drive truck GAZ-AA had a classic front-engine layout and the following technical characteristics:

• Machine length - 5 335 mm;
• Width - 2 030 mm;
• Height - 1,870 mm;
• Curb weight - 1 810 kg;
• The engine was installed on machines until 1938. Had a working volume of 3,225 cm / cm and could develop the maximum power of 40 l / s;
• Engine cooling system worked on water;
• Transmission was mechanical;
• PPP four-speed.

After 1938, GAZ-AA was renamed Gas-MM. During the Great Patriotic War, gas-MM trucks were decided to simplify, so the cabins began to produce from wood. Metal was needed for the construction of tanks.

Basic modifications based on gas-aa and gas-mm

On the chassis of gas-aa and its improved modification of gas-MM, the following truck models were produced:

• GAZ-AAA is an interesting sample of a truck of high passability. Had three axes and the wheel formula 6x4. This original truck was created on the basis of the American Ford Timken truck. The car was capable of transporting goods up to 2 tons weight. But due to the complexity of the design, this truck was produced very minor circulation. Three-axle trucks of this modification were produced from 1934 to 1943. In 1937, the car received a gas engine from gas;
• BA-10 is a small batch of armored car on the chassis of gas-mm. Since in the fall of 1941, a small batch of armorpus remained at the Izhora factory, it was decided to establish them on the gas chassis. Finished armored vehicles were collected by the spring of 1942, and only came to the Leningrad Front;
• GAZ-410. Dump truck on Gaz-AA chassis. Released from 1934 to 1946. He had a lifting capacity of 1.2 tons. These trucks were very in demand in the construction sector, since they did not need special staff for unloading;
• GAZ-42. Interesting modification on firewood. Produced from 1938 to 1950. The power of this modification was 35 l / s, and the lifting capacity was about a ton. In reality, the lifting capacity was about 800 kg, since the reserve of firewood was constantly talked, weighing about 200 kg;
• GAZ-43 is the same gas generator model, as well as GAZ-42, only this modification on the corner worked. The gas generator unit was more miniature than GAZ-42;
• GAZ-44 - this modification worked on gas;
• NATO-3 - half-sized modification. Serially not released;
• GAZ-60 - half-sized modification;
• GAZ-03-30. The most famous Soviet bus of the 1930-1940s. Distinguished by a 17-seater body, which was made of wood and sheathed with metal;
• GAZ-55 - Special modification, which is a sanitary car.

In addition, from 1932 to 1941, the PMG-1 fire car was produced.

The Soviet gas-aa truck will forever remain in the memory of people, as it constantly flashes in the military chronicles. It was these trucks that made their weighty contribution to the victory over the fascist Germany.

GAZ-AA is a cargo car of Nizhny Novgorod (1932), and later the automotive plant in the city of Gorky, loading capacity of which is 1,500 kg. The model is also called the "half-one". The Debut 5-year plan of improving the economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1928-1932) made it possible to put the beginning of a majestic development program.

The plan provides for the construction of more than 1,500 massive objects, including hydroelectric power plants, metallurgical plants, automotive and tractor plants. To implement all these projects, transport was needed, therefore it was not an easy strategic task - to organize a full-scale output of trucks. All model range of gas.

By the completion of the 1920s, the vehicles of the cargo series in the Union in serial order were carried out only a pair of automotive enterprises: the first State Automobile Plant in Moscow (he used to be AMO), as well as the third State Automobile Plant in Yaroslavl. But their speeds were not enough, since all two plants were created on the platform of pre-revolutionary capacity.

For example, by the beginning of the first five-year plan, only 1,500 cars were on the whole country. Therefore, no one was surprised that by the mid-1920s, the Soviet government was planned to build the first automotive giant, the power of which would allow to produce about 100,000 vehicles per year.

When there was no necessary experience and technological resources, it was best to buy production abroad. And the opinions of Russian specialists were directed toward the overseas country, or rather, Detroit.

This settlement, located in the north of America, was for the builders of socialism by an exemplary car grandfather, the city of the future, in which settlers live and work, obeying the only and general functional plan. Just in such a format there were dreams to construct a Russian car giant.

Near the workshops, they wanted to build residential neighborhoods for workers and to design the entire infrastructure accompanied. At the end of the negotiations, General Motors decided to abandon involvement in the project, so Ford remained the only variation. This option suited the USSR quite well.

The name of Henry Ford, together with his automotive empire, was often associated with technological solutions and rationalism. In addition, this company knew quite well in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the Union, because albeit not huge, but still the stable purchases of the Fords' cars were made since 1909.

In addition, for the needs of our country, it was best to fit cars with a new Ford base, which in 1927-1928 have already changed the last generation of "T". The Ford-A Machine and the Ford-Aa half-timer were simple, unpretentious, inexpensive and, which is very important, were well unified in a constructive plan.

According to the technical agreement, the USSR signed an agreement with Ford on May 31, 1929. Build a car city planned not far from Nizhny Novgorod, near the village of Monastery, where the merger of shipping rivers (Oka and Volga). The agreement for the construction of an enterprise along with the town for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for working on it has signed with Austin Company in Cleveland.

The USSR began to cooperate with the famous American company Ford. As a result, the light saw a semi-trial gas-aa truck, which was similar to the American.

In addition to the construction of a car giant, an agreement with Ford provided for the presence of an operational facility of a pair of car mooring plants that will be located in Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow. They planned to collect Ford machines from ready-made machines, because under the contract the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics should have to buy 72,000 machine collectors.

These assembly shops provided the opportunity to give the release of machines before the end of the construction of an enterprise in Nizhny Novgorod and were such a production plant for those who worked there. To build and equip branches from America decided to attract the already popular construction company Albert Kahn, Inc.

Already at the occurrence of 1929, the share of the area of \u200b\u200bthe vehicle vehicles for agriculture "October", which were located in the city of Canvin, decided to restore the first car assembly enterprise. Already in the winter of next year (1930), the debut trucks of Ford-Aa began to collect from cars of America.

Already by the end of the same year, passenger cars, along with freight "Fords", began to be made from the primary conveyor of the automotive enterprise in Moscow. But the desires of Nizhny Novgorod about the automobile town became gradually to melt.

In part, this happened due to a small design estimate, as well as due to the employment enthusiasm of manufacturers, which intensive method was able to harmonize with negligence and non-resentment of solutions and works of many managerial bodies.

The most large in European countries the automotive enterprise was able to build at the right time, but the result was far from the "air" dreams about the industrial town of the future. A new construction near the monasteries in the people was nicknamed by the social town, and after 2 years it has acquired the official status of the Avtozavodsky district of Nizhny Novgorod.

While the 2nd half of the first month of 1932 was walking, on the project capacity prepared to the start, the company was able to possess the release of the cylinder block, along with the crankshaft, frame spars and other details. Due to the disadvantage of the constancy of the delivery of components from the sediments (speaking more precisely, sheet steel), the cabins of "preyeriniks" began to collect with the use of plywood.

On January 29 of the same year, the debut machines of Naz-Aa were released from the enterprise conveyor in Nizhny Novgorod. In October (on the 7th), Nizhny Novgorod renamed bitter, therefore, the name of the car was changed. In the end of 1932, the production of truck vehicles of the Gorky automotive plant was about 60 cars every day. The name of the truck has become GAZ-AA.

The car AA gas was reliable and hardly, and lost, except that, to one to the real opponent in the car market of the USSR - Moscow three-tonnic ZIS-5. However, the automotive enterprise in the bitter has much more production capacity than ZIS.

Therefore, the half-one was to become a "multifunctional soldier" of the national economy, and Gorky specialists designed various "civilian" and "military" vehicles and improved the existing standard cars.

In order to check the weak truck structural vehicles of the GAZ AA Heyprot, at the end of the 32nd year, trucks participated in the test run from Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow and back. Six months later (in 1933), they took part in the summer extreme "Karakum" mileage.

The lion's share of the standard breakdowns was explained by the profound quality components that were supplied by adjustments. While 1933 walked, car plants in Moscow and bitter fully used the arsenal of machine collectors from America and moved to the creation of cars from spare parts of their release.

After 3 years, the production of a new power unit of gas-M (50 horsepower) was able to master the production of a new power unit of gas (50 horsepower), which was a forced version of the gas-a. Poloatonics began to equip the last engine in 1938.

At the same time, a new steering device was released, synchronized with EMCOME, together with the strengthening of the springs installed from the back. Similar modification acquired the name of gas-mm. Gorky Automotive Plant gathered the last two-year-old on October 10, 1949.

The Ulyanovsky Automotive Plant, which collected mm from the 47th, stopped assembling these models only by the 51st year. From the 32nd year, before the start of hostilities, the company named after Kim, together with the car mooring plant in Rostov-on-Don, produced more than 800,000 1.5-tonsons "AA" and "mm". In the days of hostilities, the gas released 102,300 freight vehicles.

Specifications

Force aggregate

With all its simple qualities of GAZ-AA was quite perfect in the technical plan. As an engine, it was the presence of a four-cylinder engine, the working volume of which was 3.285 liters and which issued about 42 horses. It was the same power unit that was installed on the car gas-a.

It was a row carburetor four-stroke nipped with water cooling. Fuel consumption 100 km at full load (when driving along the highway) was 18.5 liters. Maximum speed at 70 km / h.

Transmission

Torque The engine passed onto the leading axis by means of one-piece clutch of dry friction and a four-stage manual gearbox. It seems to be a three-way mechanism and has four programs ahead and one back. The box was not synchronized. Wheel drive - rear.

Suspension

It was represented by dependent mechanisms. The wheels installed in front were suspended on one transversely installed semi-elliptical springs, where there were pushing rods, which could be transmitted on the frame.

Mounted from behind the wheel was attached to a pair of longitudinal cantilever springs and any shock absorbers were deprived. As a structural feature, the rear suspension mechanism was together with a transmission, where the drive shaft was used as longitudinal traction, which rested into the bronze sleeve.

Brake system

The working brake has a mechanical drive. The brakes were a foot type with well mechanisms. All wheels stood drum brake mechanisms.

Steering

In the steering mechanism there was a worm and a double roller, and the gear ratio is 16.6.

Specifications

Electrical equipment

Shes-aa six-handed equipment, with polarity "Plus for Mass" was typical for that time. Consumers were littered from the 3T-80 battery, with a capacity of 80 A.Ch., or the GBF-4105 generator, with a return 13a, and with a capacity of 80 W. It also remained in all gas-mm machines.

For comparison, we point out that the GAZ-M1 light machine, in fact, with the same engine, immediately received the GM-71 generator, with an impact of 18 A and a capacity of 100 W. It would seem that everything is quite understandable - the Emki officials are more than four consumers more: the second beep, the second, rear right lamp, the ceiling lighting ceiling, and even the "scam", (cigarette lighter, on terminology of those years).

But what did the more powerful generator and AKB of greater capacitance fundamentally prevented in principle, for more reliable launches of motors in the cold? After all, trucks, as you know, belong to the category of means of production ...

But inertial type starters, Maf-4006 models, power. 0.9 hp On all pre-war gas machines, were still the same.

As mentioned above, 4-cylinder pre-war gas engines gas had three varieties of ignition interrupters, and of course, completely interchangeable by installing on engines.

The GAZ-AA used the IGC-4003 node, with a lamella, (using contact tires) by the distribution of high voltage pulses by candles. He only had a manual remote adjustment of the ignition advance.

Almost the same externally, the device IM-91, which received a centrifugal fiber advance automation, was installed on the engines of the passenger "Emok"

Finally, GAZ-64 and GAZ-67 jeeps, received the R-15 and P-30 nodes, not only with the ignition protruding machines, but, unlike the "Emok", with the lungs of distributors, and the plug connection of the usual today, "Soft" high-voltage wires.

Let the reader do not surprise and do not puzzle completely unsystematic, independent of reality, alphanumeric designations of nodes and devices of pre-war automotive electrical equipment .. possibly, according to the standards of that time, they were encrypted not the first letters of the functional product, but the names-names of the designers specific products. In any case, the intelligible explanation of such "Ocolesice", we, alas, can not give ...

And what did one-weeks have, at least gas-mm post-war assembly? And all the same "Option number 1", as well as GAZ-AA, the beginning of the 30s ... Summing up all of the foregoing about the fact that the "lawns" at the factory were completed on the "residual principle", it seems that they are in the manufacturing program Gas, were, essentially, machine cars. Although it automatically, it was possible to attribute to their chasters. And in priority there were "Person" for officials, and promising models.

As the reader understood, classic ignition battery systems were used on the two-weeks, although in the 1930s, ignition systems from magneto-autonomous high voltage pulse generators were also. The domestic industry was produced by Magneto of the SS-4 and CC-6, respectively, for 4- and 6-cylinder engines. But none of our disposal sources of information on those years have not confirmed that the magneto is used and on the motors of ordinary side half-one.

The headlight systems of the pre-war Gorky trucks were more perfect than their peers - Moscow three-year. They already had "nearby" and "long-distance" light, (ZIS cars are the only mode), and a separate switch only to lighting, (in Moscow machines - a common switch to all chains). At the half-hour Middle Light had the power of the lamps in 21 candle, (21 W.), And the distant - 32 candles. Larger then the aforementioned "cargo" generators did not allow.

Unified with other trucks, the only rear round lamp, had two sections. The size of the overall light was closed with the usual red glass, and the "Stop" section - a sign - yellow. However, according to the standards of that time, the power of the signal lamps of the signal was 15 st.

On the electrical equipment diagram, the reader can see the gasoline level pointer. But this pointer was mechanical connected to the float in the tank., In the "Torpedo", just the location of the pointer scale was selected taking into account the window for her in the overall combination of instruments. This combination also included the same ammeter and the coil speedometer. The coil of the speedometer, with the values \u200b\u200bof the values \u200b\u200bof the speed rotated relatively fixed risks on the glass of the device.

Appearance

From the autumn of the 40th, a powerful towing device began to put on it together with the fittings fittings of the spare wheel of another mechanism. The car material was changed as soon as the Great Patriotic War began. If we say regarding the metal, it began to save it, therefore, and the front part over time lost all the details that were not considered acutely needed.

Wings that were angular, began to be bend from roofing, and the roof, along with the doors, was done using tarpaulin. Faro, together with the janitor, decided to put only from the driver's side, and the front brake mechanisms, along with the silencer and the bumper, were not installed at all.

Starting from 1943, the tarp wire of the side of the cabin began to replace on wide wooden doors. The simplified modification of gas-mm continued to be issued even after the completion of hostilities, but the machines received full-fledged metal doors, silencers, front brakes, bumper and pair pairs.

The tarpaulin of the back of the cabin had the presence of a rectangular window. In the photo it is good noticeable. GAZ-AA was a fairly simple, but successful and technological truck, which was not picky and could not work on the highest-quality fuel.

The front part of the "lawn" was rather simple. There was a simple bumper, pair of headlights and a large rectangular radiator grille. Two front lighting lamps were attached on the wings of the wheels and the front hood. Under one of the lamps there was a beep.

The hood lids opened like seagull wings, providing a comfortable free space for the repair of the power unit. Nearby was a fuel tank, designed for 40 liters. The spare wheel was located under the frame on the back of the chassis. The side part occupied the door with smooth wings of the wheels and a comfortable footrest.

Also, the wooden body smoothly passed with the side into the stern part. Side and hind boards were folding. Also on the back of the vehicle, on the left side, it was possible to find the rear lighting.

Pros and cons

Pluses of cars

• High-quality and reliable body metal;
• Good height of the road lumen;
• Excellent cargo of the car;
• Small dimensions of the truck;
• There is a windshield wiper (from the driver's side);
• Unpretentious fuel;
• Understandable service;
• American Ford roots;
• The windshield is extended;
• You can transport trailers.

Cons of cars

• No hydraulic steering wheel amplifiers and machine brake system;
• No steering wheel and sofa adjustments;
• Ascetic view of the interior;
• Weak power unit;
• Simple and cold cabin;
• Dependent suspension;
• High fuel consumption;
• Small weight;
• The absence of at least some comfort.

End of release

Gas-AA production at the Gorky Automobile Plant ended in 1949, but the car continued to be released at the Ulzis until 1950, and according to some data until 1956. A truck GAZ-51 came to change "Hyduzhka".

The last GAZ-51 car in the gas museum.

VT-10-17-FO

1929 Ford Model Aa Stakeside

((ReviewSoverall)) / 5 Users ( 0 Estimates)

Reliability

Convenience and comfort

Maintainability

The gas-aa car is the popular Soviet car of pre-war and military pore, which has been manufactured at the Gorky Auto Plant, starting from 1932. The prototype for the legendary "half-one" served as an American truck at least the legendary company of that era - "Ford". It was the car "Ford AA" of the 1930 release, which in those days bought the Soviet Union, according to the license agreement and was a prototype.

This happened to the famous "half-timer" of GAZ AA, which later repeatedly passed upgraded. The design of the car was simple and reliable. In those days, the Soviet auto industry was in embryonic state, and relatively inexpensive the acquisition of a license for the production of his own, domestic cargo car turned out to be as timely.

Why actually Nizhny Novgorod

At Nizhny Novgorod as a place for the construction of the newest for that time, a giant for the scale of the auto plant, the choice fell not just like that. Alternative cities were offered to Moscow, Leningrad with Yaroslavl and others. Each of them possessed certain advantages. Nevertheless, the full complex of all of them was concentrated only in Nizhny Novgorod.

He possessed a developed metalworking industry and qualified personnel, forest and water resources. In addition, there is relatively cheaply transported both semi-finished products and finished products. Yes, and at the very Nizhny Novgorod, then the status of a large railway station, which is in the fusion site of the Oka and Volga, which were two shipping rivers.

The Gorky plant was not lagged directly, which then had a high technical potential, as a result of which decided to launch production exercise equipment on Gaza. Interestingly, that the car released on the American license was fairly translated into domestic components. It is clear that it would be elementary to develop any aggregates at your enterprise than to write them over the ocean, and then more than one month to expect delivery. Consequently, to collect "half-sided" became on their own and their materials.

The process of upgrading gas-aa "half

GAZ-AA "Onespot" reached the level of mass production in 1932, then in assembly automated shops, immediately began to demonstrate high speed in the production of trucks. It was sixty cars in a new conveyor daily, but at the same time there was also a potential for capacity building.

The Soviet version was different from the American number of characteristics. So the tight clutch crankcase was replaced by cast, strengthened the worm steering, and the carburetor was equipped with a air filter.

The body design had to be done again, the onboard version was manufactured, the domestic gas-aa drawings. Later by Soviet designers, a unique dump version of the "half-timer" was developed, which was distinguished by the fact that the body was not necessary to turn. The loads themselves slipped under the weight of their own weight along the bottom of the body, which was specifically designed. Easy to open the rear side.

Chassis gas-aa

Structurally rear suspension "Onesplow" was peculiar and unusual. For example, with its semi-elliptic springs, they cost differently. They were located in front of the beams of the rear axle in such a way that their depreciation take the lever characteristics. As a result, the design of the rear suspension has become more compressed, which affected its greater technological concern for complete elliptic springs. However, this design had one flaw. So in the process of braking by spring blocks, all load was assumed, which led to frequent outputs. The stewdridge was loosened, and shifts of spring sheets were started regarding the longitudinal axis.

CabA gas-aa from wood

Completely equipped with Soviet details "half-timer" gas-aa began in 1933. Cabins in the first cars were made by wooden, and since 1934 the car was equipped with a metal module with a tarp roof. The gas-aa frame had spring pendants. Missing shock absorbers added instability and rigidity vehicles. At the same time, the car successfully transported goods and breaking infrequently. Motors "GAZ-AA" were unpretentious and highly referenced. The low-grade petroleum products, low-fledged gasoline and even kerosene on a hot season of time floodbanks.

Weak places two-weeks

The most weak places at the "half-timer" were a starter with a battery. The timing of their service barely reached half a year, after which the aggregates were out of order, and the batteries were repaired. Mostly cars started with curve starters.

In addition, there was one significant problem in the exploitation of a gas-aa truck acute tire deficit. It even happened that the rear bridges of cars were completed with the help of not four wheels, as was installed as a passport, but only two, which suffered a capacity of cars.

Whatever it was, but "half-sided" were the most massive Soviet cars of pre-war and military pore. In addition, their chassis was used for various modifications. They were rapid, various tanks, light and acoustic installations, repair mobile "feet", anti-chemical, hygienic and sanitary aircraft, radio stations and long-detection radio systems, charging and lighting stations and aviation-starting units.

Some updates "half-one"

In 1938, the "half-timers" received new gas-mm engines with a capacity of up to 50 liters. with. who were previously installed on "Molotovza-1". In addition to the upgraded motors "Onesporks", equipped with advanced steering mechanisms and cardan shafts with needle bearings. The running part was made by spring, but the shock absorbers were absent.

Since "half-sided" is technological machines, and the release of them was established in the shortest possible time, the car became indispensable in all branches of the Soviet economy. In those times of loading capacity up to 1.5 tons, it was enough. So, during the period of harvesting, a variety of cars were traveled to the fields, which soon exported a crop for processing, and then they returned to autoship. "Onesporks" were considered universal vehicles, being trouble-free and unpretentious.

Technical characteristics of GAZ-AA "Onespot"

Motor layout: front-door, rear-wheel drive. Cars had:

• Length - 5335 mm;
• Height - 1870 mm;
• Width - 2030 mm;
• Travel lumets - 200 mm;
• Wheel database - 3340 mm;
• Curved mass - 1750 mm.

Transmission is a mechanical, four-speed gearbox. The maximum speed of "half-timer" was developed up to 70 km per hour.

"Onesporks" - universal cars of their era

In addition to ordinary onboard trucks, Gorkovsky Automobile Plant produced a dump truck of gas-C1. This car worked in fairly an unusual principle. Loads in the bodies were originally located in such a way that their masses were pressed on the hind boards, which were locked with an ordinary stopper. Castles opened by loaders or drivers, and under the severity of their own masters, for example, building materials were falling out. After that, empty body re-closed on the locks.

Gas-aa fighting path. "The road of life"

On the role of Gas-AA cars - "half-one" in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, many times were written and a huge number of books were written. However, the most important historical route for which the legendary car was kiced, was called "dear life", laid in the winter ice of the Lake Ladoga. It was the only way to bind blockade Leningrad and the outside world.

On ice was able to pass only only the little "half-two." Military Gaza-AA with darkened headlights with caution passed all distance. Moreover, they were constantly subjected to fire, which was led by German artillery, but still delivered a provisionant in the besieged northern capital. Many cars went under water, but still the city was saved.

With the beginning of war, the Gorky Automobile Plant produced military trucks on a simplified version, all due to the deficiency of cold-rolled metals and many other components to the car. Military "half-timer" did not have doors. They were replaced by tarp shirms installed. The two front wings were replaced by ordinary roofing glands. We slowed down only by the rear wheels, the lighting of the road was made by one pilot. The side boards of the body were not folded.

Completion of production

Only in 1944, the configuration of cars acquired a normal format. Everything has not been enough that lacked: wooden doors, brakes on the front wheels, the second headlight and folding side boards. After the war, "half-timer" was still produced by large parties until 1956, until the state needed trucks. These cars have met until 1960, until the outdated "half-timer" was not replaced with GAZ-51.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments under the article. We or our visitors will gladly respond to them