Heated cooling system before launching engine 220V. Engine preheater: their types and differences
The engine preheater is a special device that allows you to warm up force aggregate vehicle without its launch. After all, very often in winter arise. Almost with each motorist there was a situation where he came to the parking lot for his car, and he did not start. The reason for this is the low ambient temperature. In such a situation, such a heater will come to the rescue.
His features:
- preheating of the power unit;
- facilitating the engine running procedure during the cold season;
- heated airspace in.
This device supports the constant temperature of the engine engine, even if it does not work. In some modifications, the heating function of the vehicle interior is built.
Having such a device in your car, you will install your car without any problems winter time of the year. And also, you will not be terrible in the cabin of the car, because you quickly heat the air to the state you need.
Types of device and their characteristics
At the moment there are four types of heaters. Consider them in more detail:
- Liquid heater. Now, this apparatus is the best, of all offered on the market. With the help of it, you are not only without any problems run your power unit, but also heat the salon of your transport. This heater is installed under, and connects to the contour of water heating. The liquid device has the ability to connect a timer that will start working at a given time. It has the possibility of starting through a radio signal or by means of a remote control. This device works almost silently, and is very economical.
- Autonomous air heater. It is intended for heating huge volumes. Therefore, it is very often used in van and buses. This device works quietly, quickly heats air, and also consumes a small amount of fuel.
- Electric heater Engine (non-autonomous heater). The principle of operation of this mechanism is that in the cylinder block, an appropriate heating device operating from the mains in 220 V. This device will suit those car enthusiasts that store their transport in garages, that is, where there is electric socket. After all, it works only from electricity. If you leave your car on the car park, then the electric heater simply does not suit you. Look for alternative options.
- Thermal battery. This device works on the principle of accumulating inside the hot cooling. It is able to keep a dialed temperature on average two days. During the start of the motor, the hot antifreeze is held several times in a circle of cooling, heating, thus, the power unit in a short period of time.
Almost all the premium mechanisms have similar principles of work. Such devices have combustion chambers from stainless metal, where the fuel falls with a nozzle, and through the fan - air. Here is the ignition of the mixture obtained. It is made from the pins of incandescent or from the candle. Tosol heating occurs due to an increase in temperature when combustion of air-fuel mixture. The pump installed in the cooling system shakes the liquid and it heats the entire system. Then, the stove fan is connected, with which the transport salon is heated.
Video - Engine Preheaters
Summarize
Preparation heater is an indispensable thing in the winter season. After all, when it is very difficult to start the car's power unit. That is how this device will come to the aid. With it, you not only run the motor, but also be able to heat the air in the cabin. On the automotive market At the moment there are four types of heaters. The car enthusiast should choose for himself exactly the one who will suit him in all performance characteristics and price.
In winter, the driver lies a lot of problems. First of all, they are associated with a bad launch of the car engine. In order to solve this task, experts advise to establish special preheaters. These devices are capable not only to guarantee the start of the engine in any weather, but also significantly reduce the emission exhaust gases in atmosphere. Thus, the driver has the opportunity to take care of environment. Some models of preheaters at the expense of their actions save the owner quite a lot of fuel. Directly friction between the parts of the engine is greatly reduced. Together with this wear important elements It happens much slower, which has a positive effect on the performance of all nodes. The most inexpensive view of the engine preheater is the electric, built into the cylinder block, or posted next to it. In essence, this is a modified electricity. Only its main task is not to bring fluid to boil, but in heating to such a state so that the motor can quickly start in the cold season.
With this kind, everything is clear: the power of the devices is only 400-750 W. Their purpose - maintaining a certain temperature mode Directly in the cylinder block. In addition to the heating element and wire, leading to a 220 volt outlet, no additional sensorsNo pipes and other devices here are not available. The pipe is simply cut to the radiator and there from two ends the heater is inserted. Do you have a little "boiled" with wire? Then it will not be superfluous to buy an ordinary timer, if you so fundamentally important accuracy up to every second. The most famous Russian heaters of this type are "Strong" (from 1,200 rubles), "Start Mini" (from 950 rubles). Mentioned devices are mainly designed for domestic brands, type VAZ, gas, UAZ, but are there any obstacles for domestic craftsmen?
In fairness it should be noted that our motorists still consider the car primarily the luxury to which too much money is spent. People are somehow not ready to "indulge their iron horses expensive heaters, and therefore growing the popularity of models, the cost of which does not exceed 2,000 rubles. The same cohort includes models with the names of "Leafter", "Start M1", "Start M2", "Sibir-M", "Alliance".
What depends on the power of the preheater?
First of all, the power of the preheater is associated with the limiting frequency of the device. Typically, this parameter lies within 50 Hz, but its deviations are possible. Additionally, the piston diameter is taken into account. Its size ultimately affects the flow circulation rate. The higher the operating power of the device, the faster the temperature is recruited. Usually in the engine Tosol is able to warm up to 60 degrees. The average heating time is 3 minutes. In this case, much also depends on the location of the preheater. As mentioned earlier, it should be securely fixed and not to be blown away.Scheme of the preheater "Webasto"
The model "Webasto" has a plant installation scheme. The engine preheater in the central part has a tubular electric heater. For its connection with the impeller, a special sleeve is installed. The thermostat in this case is in the upper part of the design. Fuel supply is carried out by cylinders. Thus, the circulation flow of the device is quite high. The main chamber of the device is made of stainless steel, so the temperature holds high. Under the control unit there is a pump. As a result, you can adjust the power of the preheater.Device model "Webasto 220V"
The preheater of the WebAsto 220V engine from other devices is distinguished by a volumetric heat exchanger. It is located immediately above the tubular electric heater. In this case, the piston has a small diameter. However, the impeller places a lot. Fuel supply to the system is adjusted using a special sensor. In order to change the limit fluid temperature, there is a control unit. In this regard, many models are equipped with self-diagnostic system. Additionally, the WEBASTO 220V engine preheater is released with fans. In this case, they cope with overheating of the main chamber of the device. The installation of the heater does not require much time and some special knowledge. Almost every motorist can cope with the task, which knows where the main working components of the car are located. The installation process itself will take no more than 3 hours. But if there is no confidence that the installation will be performed normally, it is better, after all, to visit the tokens. When independent installation Started detailed instructions. As a rule, it comes complete with the device.
What is the power of the TEN to buy?
0.5 kvt. - The power of the Tan, which can be used in the parking lot to maintain the constant engine temperature. This power is not enough to heat the engine in a heavy frost. 1kW - Power of Tan, which is recommended to choose for 8kl engines VAZ 2110, VAZ 2114 1,5kW - Power of Tan, which is recommended to choose for 16kli VAZ 2110 engines, Lada Priora, Kalina How much time is it up to heating the engine to start a car in the frost? The time is selected experimentally and depends on the set of factors (engine type, electric heater power, air temperature, etc.). Approximately: To make the VAZ 2110 162kl engine in the frost - 30C with an electrotane of 1.5 kW, it is necessary to count on the heating time from 30-60min. Of course, you can turn on the engine heater and for more time, then the engine will already be hot, but no boiling will be.
Winter is a test for any car owner. Moreover, many makes no worsening of the road situation (snow, ice), but the complexity of the launch of the cooled power plant. Of course, there are no such problems in those whose cars "winter" in heated garages, but such relatively little. In most car owners, the car is idle in the open air or in the usual garage (at best).
And yet there are ways to facilitate the fate of auto owners. One of the most optimal methods is the installation of a heater on a VAZ or any other car.
Preheater
The problem of the difficult starts of the power plant during the winter is associated with several factors - the viscosity of the oil increases, resistance increases in the battery, and it is no longer able to give good starting currents. As a result, when trying to launch, the starter "lazily" revolves crankshaft, and the speed of rotation is clearly not enough to start the engine. And only after a pair of attempts, when the oil is slightly mixed, and the battery "will warm up", the motor still manages to run, but it happens not always.
Note that the chances of successful launch in frost also affect technical condition Power plant and degree of its wear. So, the probability of to start the VAZ of the classical family (2101, 2106), released 30-40 years ago, is significantly lower than a relatively new car. But the installation of the heater on the VAZ-2101 these chances increase, and significantly.
As noted, the complexity of the start of the power unit is largely related to the frozen of the working fluids. But if they are warm before launching, the resistance they create because of the high viscosity will not be, and the starter will be much easier to turn the crankshaft. It is in the pre-heating of the motor that the preheater is also consisting.
This device, in principle, is universal, so you can easily install the preheater on the VAZ, UAZ or any other car brand.
Species, features of work
There are several options for such equipment, but in essence such a device is a conventional electric heating element that provides heated by one of the liquids of the power unit.
The types of heaters are somewhat. Some of them are injected with antifreeze, others - oils. In the case of a coolant, then by exposure to antifreeze, it is possible to heat the cylinder block, as well as the elements of the power system, which is important to ensure normal mixing formation.
But such a device has shortcomings:
- it takes more time to warm up the motor, since the cooling system is only a cylinder block sheath;
- the oil is poorly heats up, since it is below the cooling shirt in the pallet, so heat to it will receive only after a good warm-up of the cylinder block;
But when using such a device, it is practically no wrapping of a motor after starting, since it is already heated, and warm air into the salon is immediately served from the stove.
As for the heaters acting on the oil, this device warms only lubricantThe cylinder block and the power system remain cold.
Since the volume of oil is small, and all it is in one place, the time to warm up is required a little. But due to the fact that only the lubricant is heated, after starting it takes time to warm the motor itself.
In general, the efficiency of using one or another device is approximately the same. When the antifreeze is heated, we get a heated block of cylinders and the power system, which provides good mixture formation (the result is excellent flammability of the mixture), but cold oil (load on the battery and the starter will remain high). If you warm the oil, then everything is exactly the opposite - the starter will turn easily, but the block itself and the power system will remain cold.
Also distinguishes the heaters using the power source:
- From the network 220 V;
- From the onboard network 12 V (autonomous);
The first option is characterized by high power, and hence the speed of heating working fluid. But to use it, the car must be located close to the outlet.
Concerning autonomous devicesThe heating element runs from the battery, that is, heat the fluid can be everywhere, even in the field. But they do not differ in high power, and in the process of work they fell a battery, and if it is already on the verge of resource generation or simply discharged, then the energy for the starter after warming is simply not left.
Wide distribution among car owners, antifreeze heaters operating from the network of 220 V. In general, this is one of the most optimal options - Akb does not sit down, the power of the heating element is high, and after its use, the driver gets also hot air from the stove.
Now manufacturers of automotive accessories and equipment offer different models Preparation heaters. All of them on the principle of operation are almost identical, but it may differ in constructively - one consists only of the heating element, and in others there may be a circulation pump.
The first option is easier by design, and therefore more reliable. The circulation of the fluid in it occurs due to the temperature difference. Since the speed of fluid movement in such a device is low, then the antifreeze passing through the heater requires less energy costs.
The preheater with POMPE Warming up the power plant is more uniform due to the forced circulation, but to warm the fluid power of the heating element should be high. In addition, due to the pump, the probability of equipment breakdowns is higher.
Installing equipment on cars
Installing the heater on the VAZ-2106 or any other model does not require any alteration of the power unit. Such equipment is external, and all that is needed is to correctly cut into its power supply.
The heater set consists of:
- Block with heater;
- Fastening elements;
- Adapters, tees and clamps for the cutting into the cooling system;
- Cable with fork.
Additionally, it will also require segments of pipelines of the desired length to make the insert.
The installation schemes of such a device are several, the simplest one is shown below.
To ensure uniform heating, the antifreeze supply to the device should be carried out from the lowest point of the motor, which is drain plug Cylinder block. But the output of the already preheated liquid on the contrary - in the upper point.
To connect equipment on the Motor VAZ-2106, you must:
By installing the heater, it is not even necessary to merge antifreeze from the system. If a preheater is preheater to collect (connect pipelines to block, tee and fittings) and quickly carry out installation work, then in the process of operation, 1-1.5 liters of coolant, which will then have to be filled.
After installation, it will be necessary to check all the locations of the compounds for the presence of sublishes and eliminate when necessary by adjusting the clamps.
Installing the heater on the VAZ-2107 The injector does not differ from the above described above.
Security measures
Finally, a little about safety rules when using such an preheater:
- Do not leave the equipment included for a long time. For normal engine warming, it is enough to 1-1.5 hours;
- If the connection is used by the extension, its wires must be the corresponding section load;
- In the case of the use of equipment on a car, standing on the street, you need to mark or extinguish the plot for which the feed cable passes.
For ease of use of the device, it is necessary to connect it to the socket through the adapter with the timer on which you can set the time of turning on and off the heater.
Articles in the topic:
Video - Installing the engine heater
Already today, some automakers supplying their models to Russia offer as an option to install the autonomous engine preheater and the cabin. This thing, especially in the northeastern regions of the country, is almost indispensable, and the benefit of it is invaluable. But what to do those Russian motorists who have such a device in the equipment list of equipment? Breeding now to purchase and install the engine and interior preheater can be easily. The question is in the other - is it worth spending money on it, and what is the practical benefit from this device? We will try to answer all these and many other questions to answer this article.
Question 1. What is the preheater.
The preheater is as we have already mentioned above, a small device that is intended to warm up the engine without its immediate inclusion, the car's interior, it can also be used to defrost the injected glasses and janitors. The device itself consists of several elements: the so-called "boiler", which includes heat exchanger and combustion chamber, fuel pump and the fuel line, another pump whose function is to drive through the system. In addition, it includes a thermoster, activating the fan of a regular climate system, an electronic control unit and the device itself, with which the preheater is turned on.
Installation is made in podcast space car. It is mounted quite simple: the heat exchanger of the device joins the small contour of the engine cooling system, the electronic control unit is to the car power grid. Despite the seeming simplicity of installation, this operation is best to entrust specialists.
Question 2. How the preheater works.
Suppose you have decided to install the preheater, bought the device and installed it on your car. At the same time, you will be asked: how exactly do you want to include the device: directly from the car's cab, with the remote control (transpoder) or directly with mobile phone (GSM module). The first option is the cheapest (on average - 2500 rubles with installation), it is only that if you need to reprogram the preheater, you will need to go into the car and rearranged the time. The second option is more expensive (on average 9000 rubles with installation), but it is deprived of a shortage of the first option. Finally, the third option is the most convenient, since it does not imply carry an additional device with it, because all operations can be performed from a mobile phone. However, here you have to spend money on the acquisition of the GSM module, the cost of which varies in wide limits.
After in the time you specified, the signal from the timer, the remote control or from the phone will go to the control unit of the heater, it will start the device to start, in its combustion chamber from the car's tank, the gasoline or diesel engine can be started through the fuel line. There, the fuel mixes with air, and the resulting fuel and air mixture will flame from the spark plug or ceramic pins. The highlighting heat accumulates in the heat exchanger, where it is driven from the pump to a small contour and heats the engine, contributing fast launch. If the function of the heating of the cabin is activated, then when a certain temperature is reached, the thermostat is turned on, and the heat coming from the heat exchanger is sent to the car's salon, as well as on the glass.
When the temperature driver is reached in the cabin, the thermostat turns off the stove fan, including it again if the air temperature in the cabin will decrease. As a result, when the driver comes to the car, he gets a heated engine and warm salon. It remains only to start the motor and - on the road!
Question 3. What are the types of preheaters.
By type of device, preheaters are divided into liquid and air. On the passenger carsmobile Liquid heaters are used, and the lot air devices - Special equipment, trucks, buses and sea ships. Air heaters They possess large dimensions than liquid, produce more heat and, accordingly, consume more fuel.
Liquid preheaters, in turn, are divided into several types. We note - they are designed to work with gasoline and diesel engines and with power plants working on gas. Conditionally these species can be designated:
And - for compact cars;
B - universal;
The view "A" has the most compact dimensions from all presented, designed to be installed on a car with small salon dimensions and up to 2.0 liters engines. Naturally, the consumption of fuel in such heaters is the most economical. The type of "b" is considered to be universal that such properties such as efficiency and size are balanced in it - such a device can be installed both on a compact car and on a cargo minibus. Finally, the third kind of "B" has large sizes than the first two, gives more heat and consumes more fuel. Its feature is in the optimized mode of circulation of the fluid, which allows you to warm up both the large-volume engine and a more volumetric interior.
Question 4. Pros and cons of the preheater.
We note immediately - the advantages of the preheaters are more than flaws. First of all, the car enthusiast, who installed the autonomous preheater on his car, ensures that the car, the engine and the salon of which are proposed to optimal temperatures. Secondly, the use of a device for heating the engine helps to extend the life of the power unit, because most of the engines, though "accustomed" to start in the most severe frost, but it is still stress for power plantswhich reduces their operational resource.
To big minuses of pre autonomous heaters can be attributed relatively high cost. On average, such a device will pull 35-40,000 rubles with installation. For consumption less - an increase in fuel consumption, because for its work, heaters use fuel from the tank. Is it worth spending money on this, in general, a thing useful in our climate, to solve each motorist individually.
Winter the car is difficult for everyone, who does not have an engine preheater. This device is designed to warm the coolant, which, in turn, heats the engine elements, which contributes to light launch even at critical temperatures. The work of the PPD allows not only to facilitate launch of DVSBut increase its resource and in general to increase the comfort of operation in the winter.
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Name |
price, rub. |
Briefly about the main thing |
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For vehicles with internal 25 cars. Can be launched on a schedule using a timer. |
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For passenger cars, pickups and automobiles with a gasoline engine of up to 2 liters. |
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Designed for an automobile engine of up to 4 liters with a liquid cooling system at low temperatures (up to - 45 ° C). |
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Works on the network. You can connect an electronic timer. For the engines of up to 4 liters. Power depending on the modification of 1-2 kW. |
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A set of equipment designed to maximize the easy run of the car at any minus temperatures. For control - Mini Timer Futura. |
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Autonomous liquid volt liquid unit, 5 kW for the engine of up to 4l with a liquid cooling system at temperatures to -45 ° C. |
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The power is 5.2 kW, which is enough for connecting both according to the classic diagram and according to the scheme of the standard salon heater. |
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Component model, convenient in that less in size, more powerful and suitable for installation in a very limited space. |
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Power 15 kW. Suitable for cargo machinery and buses. |
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Structurally divided into two main nodes - pump and fuel pump. You can put anywhere. |
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Obsolete power from 7 to 30 kW. Consumes from 0.7-3.7 diesel per hour. Turn on / off from the console, the temperature control is automatic. |
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Do not need the start of the engine - you can turn on right from the evening and maintain Temp-Ru before the start of the move. |
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It works from the standard network 220V and in about an hour the engine warms up to the temperature-recommended temperature producer. |
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The electronic unit Control after starting the engine automatically turns on the flower heater diesel fuelif its temperature is below 5 ° C. |
Varieties of engine preheaters
According to the principle of operation of PPD for gasoline and diesel engines divide into two main groups:
- autonomous;
- electric.
Autonomous
Use the fuel of the car itself as the energy. They are more comfortable, do not depend on external sources, but cost more. If there is no standard heater, install a ready-made mounting kit for a service station.
Electric
To operate this option, you need to connect to 220 volts to the power supply. The principle of operation is like a conventional boiler, in which the heating of the coolant is carried out. Circulation is carried out by gravity (adjacent rises upstairs, and cold drops down).
Autonomous liquid heaters are installed under the hood of the car and operate on one of the types of fuel: gasoline, DT, gas.
Longfei with Pompey 3 kW
Heats the cooling fluid and causes it to move along a small cycle, warming up the power unit even without its idle work without spending the fuel. For heating, a TEN is used, circulation - centrifugal pumping equipment. These elements are located in the device housing and function from household power grid with a voltage of 220 volts.
Longfei 3 kW
This model has a thermostat and power adjustment system. When the cooling fluid is reached the upper temperature limit, the equipment is turned off. Once cool down to the lower installed limit, heating and pump automatically turn on. In the result, the engine is always in a state of readiness for starting and the beginning of the movement.
Miniature autonomous heaters Longfei is designed to meet the needs of the market. Their sizes are only 8 × 7.7 × 11.8 cm. The heaters are securely fixed on the nozzles using clamps without requiring a special fastening. They are fixed by the serial method by cutting into the inlet tube of the cabin stove. The model evenly warms the engine at high speed. Electronics has high moisture protection and is distinguished by reliability.
Price lunfee from 2390 rubles.
EBERSPEKHER HYDRONIC 3 B4E is installed on gasoline engines. Power 4 kW. The voltage of the on-board network is 12V. It is very easy to install and operate, the kit includes a disc with a description of the installation process and technical characteristics.
Stepless adjustment of heating power, reinforced protection against water and salt, accelerated antifreeze heating, reduced current consumption, low level noise. How the official site of the manufacturer is stated - this is one of better options For a passenger car.
The "binar-5s" heater is designed to warm up a gasoline engine with a volume of up to four liters before launching. Used under reduced temperatures up to -45 ° C. It can work in two modes: heater and warmer.
Specifications:
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Heat production, kW |
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Supply voltage, in |
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Fuel consumption, l / h |
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Coolant |
tosol, antifreeze |
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Consumable electric pump power, W |
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Duration of the cycle, min |
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Mass, kg. |
Preheaters for passenger cars are presented in a large assortment, consider the most popular models of 2018. Webasto T400The heat heater is designed specifically for russian market. A distinctive feature It is the ability to warm up not only the engine of the car, but the creation of a comfortable temperature in the cabin.
Webasto Thermo Top Evo Comfort + The capacity of the brand aggregate Webasto is 5 kW, which is enough for normal operation on gasoline engines With a working volume of up to 4 liters. Included supply is not provided by the regular authority. For maximum efficiency "work" more heat Coolant, early launch of the ADP5 fan, fast heating due to the control of the liquid pump and the best heat transfer. Severs - budget energy-dependent heater, works from a standard power grid. In the configuration, the thermostat that protects against engine overheating. Heating up to 60 ° C is carried out in 1-1.5 hours. At a temperature of 85 ° C, the system stops working. If the coolant temperature drops to 50 ° C, the heater again starts its work. It is noteworthy that the heater has protection against moisture and from electric shock.
The disadvantage of Severse is just that he needs a socket, so it is possible to use such a device only if there is a power grid. Defa Warmup 1350 WFUTURA - Maximum Engine Preheating System, Salon and Charging rechargeable battery car. The system management is made through the Futura mini timer.
The kit includes:
The big advantage is that the device consists of block modules and armored connecting cables. By choice, they can be installed either by separate blocks or a whole complex. How to warm the motor when there are no sockets? One option - burn your own fuel. So the autonomous preheating heaters are arranged: these are small stoves, burning fuel, taken from the tank, and warm the built-in heat exchanger. Such an preheater is easy to automate - connect a timer to it, output control from alarm. Teplostar Preparation BINAR-5S (gasoline)Preheater engine "BINAR-5S" engine is domestic analog famous German "Webasto", which is profitable from it at a price and with a wider range operating temperature - up to -45 ° C. It is installed on passenger cars with a liquid cooling system operating on gasoline.
The control of the work "BINAR-5S" is carried out through the alarm, the remote timer or through the GSM modem application. This allows the team or on schedule to warm the antifreeze in the car to a temperature of 85 0s followed by shutdown or firing at low power. A set of equipment is designed to connect to the salon heater or as a separate unit for the lightweight start of the car in the winter.
Installed on all types of equipment, including commercial transport and cargo cars. The kit includes:
Users in reviews pay attention to the fact that Thermo Top Evo Comfort Although it is intended only for heating the engine without a salon (for this there is more dear version TOP EVO COMFORT +), Wires are included in the wires of the wires for the interior heater function.
The gasoline version has a maximum heating power of 5 kW at the beginning of the engine warming cycle. In the process of operation, the power of the engine heater is reduced to 1.5 kW, which leads to a decrease in fuel consumption and battery charge. Diesel at minus temperatures becomes thick, like kissel, as a result of which run the engine even at -10 ° C becomes archative. Someone chooses a diesel for special winter brands, but it is not sold at all refills. Others choose the engine preheater for diesel. One thing does not interfere, but in the aggregate will create ideal conditions for any frosts. Teplostar 14Ts-10, 20Ts, 15TGs - these are new models with a capacity of 12-20 kW, intended for buses and trucks that work on a diesel population or compressed natural Gaze. It is installed even on KAMAZ
Teplostar Diesel Engine-Heater 14Ts-10-12-C Such heaters provide engine warming motor vehicle and the cabin in the cold season. The main advantages of cars (diesel) for which the installed heater "Teplostar":
Liquid Hydronic 35 is designed to install in buses, cargo transport, Container structures, special equipment, ships. The heating capacity of 35 kW, which contributes to the highest possible and efficient engine warming, car interior, cabin, cargo car.
Hydronic is constructively divided into two main nodes - the pump and the fuel pump, which allows you to install it in any selected place, which significantly saves space. This design is optimal for installation in vehicles with a disadvantage of free space under the hood. APG-30D - Preheater for diesel engine. The operation of the heater requires 24V nutrition.
Specifications:
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