Front or all wheel drive. What's better? Talk about crossovers and SUVs

17.10.2020

The crossover segment in Russia has been growing for several years. And for what there is demand, the price for that also grows. So maybe we are overpaying for the crossover? Isn't it more profitable to buy a car with a different body type? Among the main reasons for buying crossovers are the high seating position, high ground clearance and the stylish exterior of the SUV. And very often they call these cars "jeeps". But the off-road qualities of most crossovers are mediocre.

Four-wheel drive

However, the overwhelming majority of car owners do not need serious off-road capabilities of cars. According to manufacturers, even large SUVs roll off the pavement only a couple of times a year. What can we say about premium crossovers like the BMW X5 or Porsche Cayenne - if their owners drive off the asphalt, then only on the sidelines. However, the share of sales four-wheel drive vehicles in the SUV segment, according to the agency "Autostat", in the first quarter of 2016 was 78.5%. The remaining 21.5% were, as you know, mono-drive crossovers. Moreover, their share has recently been decreasing: in 2015 this figure was 22.2%, and in 2014 - 23.1%.

But in the period from 2007 to 2013, according to the same agency, sales of monoprivodnikov, on the contrary, grew. And quite significantly - from 7.1% to 22.4%. There is an explanation for this. Then, Chinese brands were actively coming to Russia, and they did and continue to rely on front-wheel drive SUVs - just remember. In the segment compact crossovers this is a common practice. Let's say 85% of buyers Nissan juke chose the front-wheel drive option. And the lion's share of sales of such a popular crossover as Opel Mokka, also accounted for mono-drive versions.

The growth in the share of all-wheel drive in subsequent years can be explained, firstly, by the sharp devaluation of the ruble, when the population in a hurry began to spend money on buying real estate and cars at a higher price. And secondly - the launch of several popular mid-size crossovers on the market at once: they prefer to buy them in an all-wheel drive version. Let's say in 2015 there were new Hyundai generation Tucson and soplatform Kia sportage... The Toyota RAV4 has also been updated. However, the Russian representative office of Toyota said that they did not plan to abandon the front-wheel drive.

Indeed, some of the buyers who have tried the mono drive are no longer chasing the 4x4 wheel arrangement.

The demand for mono-drive crossovers was and will be, if only because you can save money on the purchase of such a version. For example, a front-wheel drive with a two-liter engine of 146 forces and a variator (1,536,000 rubles) is 99,000 rubles cheaper than the same Toyota, only all-wheel drive (1,635,000 rubles).

And if the buyer does not intend to conquer off-road and only moves around the city, he simply does not need four-wheel drive. In addition, a car with all the leading ones will consume more fuel compared to a similar mono-drive modification, all other things being equal.

Manufacturers understand this, and therefore, in most cases, they offer an affordable alternative to all-wheel drive SUVs. As a result, a whole layer of under-crossovers has appeared on the market, which do not have an all-wheel drive modification at all. They were joined by and.

Ground clearance

Apart from the black matte plastic body kit, on which chips and scratches are less noticeable when driving over rough terrain, such cars are completely devoid of off-road qualities. But they are cheap (the price of Sandero Stepway starts from 599,900 rubles), have an impressive ground clearance, which allows them to drive confidently on a dirt road, and at the same time are not inferior in comfort to ordinary cars. Even AVTOVAZ is trying to keep up with the trend, offering a pseudo-crossover XRAY (from 549,900 rubles) and lifted station wagons - Lada Kalina cross(465 800 rubles) and Lada Largus Cross (from 664 900 rubles). Cross-versions of Togliatti station wagons may well become an alternative to an all-wheel drive SUV, if you drive around the city and to the country. And a lot more payload will be transported. In addition, an even more spacious one is on the way.

For sedans from Togliatti, the ground clearance is also not small. For this indicator, they can compete with most crossovers.

So before buying a crossover, you might want to consider alternatives in the form of cheaper, elevated hatchbacks and sedans.

Spaciousness

If you drive mainly around the city and to the dacha, you can also consider such a body type as a liftback.

Do you want a big trunk, good ground clearance and four-wheel drive? For example, Skoda offers station wagons and. Of course, they are more expensive than most crossovers, therefore they are more suitable as an alternative to representatives of premium SUVs.

So what's the bottom line? For comparison, we have collected data on the most popular models on the market in one table. Knowing what qualities your personal car should have, that is, what ground clearance, trunk volume and type of drive are really needed, you can choose for yourself the best option... Now take a look at the right column - can you imagine how much you can save?

Model name	Market positioning	Drive unit	Power unit	Ground clearance, mm (measurements in brackets ZR)	Trunk volume, l(measurements in brackets ZR)	Price from, rub.
	Crossover	Front	2 l (146 HP), M6
	Crossover		2 l (149 HP), M6
	Crossover		1.6 (123 HP), M6
	Crossover	Front	1.6 (123 HP), M6
	B-class sedan	Front	1.6 (123 HP), M6
	Crossover		2 l (143 HP), M6
	Crossover	Front	1.6 L (114 HP), M5
	B-class sedan	Front	1.6 (82 HP), M5
Renault Sandero Stepway	B-class elevated hatchback	Front	1.6 (82 HP), M5
	Crossover	Front	1.5 (106 HP), M5
Lada Largus Cross	Lift wagon (B +)	Front	1.6 (102 HP), M5
	B-class liftback	Front	1.6 (90 HP), M5
	B-class hatchback	Front	1.6 (87 HP), M5
	B-class sedan	Front	1.6 (90 HP), M5

* For engine protection;
** AVTOVAZ indicates ground clearance at full load;

*** In a five-seater version.
Of course, many nuances affect the choice of a car when buying: for example, do you need an automatic transmission and what type of automatic gear you prefer. The level of equipment, comfort, etc. is also important. Everything is so. We would like to draw attention to the image of crossovers, created mainly by marketers. In comparison with reality, it is, to put it mildly, distorted.

In other words, when choosing a crossover, do not think that a priori you will get a roomy interior and an enviable geometric passability... For these indicators, there are plenty of alternatives to the crossover. In most cases, they are also cheaper. You can choose sedans, elevated hatchbacks or station wagons. The latter are the least popular with hijackers, which means that you can save money on buying an insurance policy. And in service (for example, body wash), all of the above options, as a rule, are cheaper than crossovers.

Recently, crossovers are gaining more and more popularity, and are in constant demand among consumers.

What's the whole secret? And how do you choose the right crossover with the right equipment? Let's try to answer these questions.

Reasoning logic in choosing the right equipment

The crossover, in terms of its build, can be attributed to a light SUV. In one car alone, all the consumer qualities of a car are combined: from high ground clearance to an all-wheel drive system. Using the high ground clearance, the crossover can easily drive up the highest curbs, and using the all-wheel drive system, you can easily drive out of the most difficult snowdrifts.

Each crossover has its own characteristics, some consumers choose high ground clearance, some drive, and some have a spacious interior. How to make the right choice? Crossovers can be fitted with a front or rear axle, or can come with a constant four-wheel drive... In order to navigate in such a system, it is necessary to consider what kind of crossovers with permanent all-wheel drive are.

The Chinese supplier GreatWall offered all-wheel drive crossovers, among them the Chevrolet Niva in the price range of 459,000-55,700 rubles and crossover Lada 4 × 4 with a price of 354,000 rubles. These cars, regardless of the year of manufacture, are always very popular among consumers, with a permanently connected all-wheel drive and the same distribution of wheel torque on all axles of the crossover.

All four-wheel drive crossovers need good driving skills and an understanding of how the vehicle works. All cars almost come with independent rear suspension like MCPherson. This feature is necessary in order to fully experience the properties of the car.

Usually, when a car enthusiast is going to buy a crossover, he pays attention to four-wheel drive crossovers with high ground clearance. In such cars, there is no differential lock and reduction in transmission gears. Such a crossover is great for a comfortable ride in the winter, and for roads in the warm season, it will delight you with its smooth ride. Large ground clearance does not affect the price category of the car, because basically everyone pays attention to the compactness of the model and its dynamism. Basically, these crossovers are found not off-road, but on a regular highway, which also excludes the choice of a crossover with a high ground clearance.

The list of the most popular crossovers with high ground clearance includes: Opel Moka (with a ground clearance of 19 cm), Chevrolet Tracker (with a ground clearance of 15.9 cm) - we learned about it in some detail from, Nissan Juke Nismo (with a ground clearance of 18 cm), Toyota RAV4 (with a ground clearance 19.7cm), Infiniti JX (18.7cm ground clearance), Subaru Forester (21.5cm ground clearance), Volvo XC60 (23cm ground clearance) and Range rover E-Voque (21.5cm ground clearance). Crossover Range The Rover E-Voque is considered the best in its class in terms of cross-country ability.

Crossovers can hardly be called real SUVs, since the ground clearance of SUVs is 30 cm, but they have less opportunities than crossovers. Depending on the vehicle configuration, their ground clearance will change. Basically, if the model belongs to microcrossovers (model Chevrolet Tracker), then the clearance will be less here. Microcrossovers due to their compact configuration often referred to as sedan-type cars. The main reason that distinguishes crossovers from SUVs is the comfortable ride of the first in urban areas and light off-road conditions.

Plug-in all-wheel drive crossovers

If the drive is connected through a clutch, then the units are called crossovers with all-wheel drive connected. That is, the clutch connects the second axle depending on how the wheels are scrolled from the non-connected axle. This type of drive can rightfully be attributed to the intelligent type. Usually the second axle is automatically connected depending on the road type: road / off road. If you use four-wheel drive on an uncharacteristic road, you can damage the mechanisms in the car.

Therefore, to the question "Does the crossover need four-wheel drive?" can be answered in this way: “It is necessary if the transport deals with constant off-road conditions, and constant difficult situations on the road, bad weather conditions, snowdrifts and mud. If the crossover is spent most of the time on the road, it is better to use a one-drive car, most often with back axis. The ideal option would be to buy a crossover car with plug-in all-wheel drive. "

Among the rear-wheel drive cars with plug-in front-wheel drive, such popular crossovers can be distinguished: Suzuki Jimny in the amount of 746,000 rubles, UAZ Patriot and UAZ Hunter in the amount of 529,000 rubles and 454,000 rubles. Also crossovers HoverM2, HoverH3, HoverH5, HoverH6 from 549,000 rubles to 749,000 rubles.

A prime example of front-wheel drive crossovers with rear-wheel-drive plug-in clutch is: Renault Duster in the amount of 541,000 rubles, Chery Tiggo in the amount of 619,000 rubles and Suzuki SX4 Classic in the amount of 729,000 rubles.

Excluding all-wheel drive for SUVs, single-wheel drive vehicles, mainly front-wheel drive, are emerging, which are called crossovers for use in urban areas. These crossovers have a significantly lower price than their all-wheel drive relatives. Front-wheel drive crossovers will behave better off-road than rear-wheel drive ones. The drive axle of such cars is always under load, since the engine constantly weighs on top, making better grip with road surface. By turning the wheels by the steering wheel, you can easily maneuver in all situations on the road.

Crossover pricing

Usually, front-wheel drive crossovers are obtained from a simplified version of the all-wheel drive unit. To get acquainted with the prices of such a control system, it is proposed to view the front-wheel-drive crossovers review:

Suzuki SX4 New cost 779,000 - 1,019,000 rubles;
Nissan Qashqai cost 789,000 - 1,096,000 rubles;
Nissan Qashqai +2 cost 844,000-1049,500 rubles;
Citoren C4 Aircross cost 849,000 - 1,124,000 rubles;
Kia Sportage cost 889,900 - 1,049,900 rubles;
Hyundai ix35 cost 899,000 - 1,144,900 rubles;
Mitsubishi Outlander cost 969,000 - 1,249,990 rubles;
Peugeot 4007 cost 989,000 - 1,074,000 rubles.

Basically, the price of cars depends on whether it will be equipped with all-wheel drive or not, what ground clearance is set in the crossover, what type of McPherson type suspension is front and rear (mostly semi-dependent), what brakes are on the rear and front axles. As a rule, in front-wheel-drive crossovers, the ground clearance is at least 175 mm, the wheelbase is 2.5-2.6 m. They can easily pass the curb and pits on the dirt road, which makes them indispensable for Russians.

Front-wheel drive crossovers have the insides of a small to medium-power gasoline engine. Crossovers come with one engine, only some models use two options at once. Some front-wheel drive crossovers such as the Kia Soul come with diesel engine, only the pricing policy goes beyond budget cars.

Due to the fact that the car is equipped with one drive, it consumes 2-3 times less fuel than an all-wheel drive crossover. Most crossovers come with a manual transmission; an automatic gearbox is not included in the 750,000 rubles category. Basically, in Europe, on the contrary, they choose a manual transmission, since it consumes less fuel.

Thus, the more trim levels are installed in the crossover, the more expensive it costs. If you wish, purchasing a front-wheel-drive crossover, you can constantly supply it with new parts and install new packages, thereby the price will not be so expensive when buying. Do you need four-wheel drive? The question is serious, it all depends on the real need or the great desire of the driver. Before buying a car, evaluate the pros and cons of buying the drive you need.

In this detailed test drive, the new Great Wall hover The H6 was rightfully called "thoroughbred" for its all-wheel drive:

Winter is coming, and with it ice, snowdrifts and snowfalls. In such conditions, on a car with a 4x4 wheel arrangement, you feel much more confident on the road. Regardless of whether the all-wheel drive is permanent or plug-in, with it the car has better controllability (especially if the car is heavy), the likelihood of slipping is reduced and the cross-country ability increases. The choice in favor of crossovers, in comparison with sedans or hatchbacks, can still be justified by a higher ground clearance, which allows you to overcome snow drifts. And compared to SUVs, crossovers use less fuel and many look more stylish.

Even in such a narrow price range - up to a million rubles - there are enough crossovers with all-wheel drive. For some brands, within this amount, you can buy the maximum configuration with options. And for some, the basic version just breaks. In any case, each manufacturer implements its own approach: for someone, appearance is more important, for someone - engineering solutions, and someone is trying to make a decent car with a minimum price. So, here are the crossovers that will be more comfortable to travel in winter.

Renault Duster

Renault Duster Photo: AiF / Irina Zverkova

Initial cost: 529 500 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4315/1822/1625 mm
Power point: Gas engine 1.6 l, 102 HP, 145 Nm + 6MKPP
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 13.5 s
Maximum speed: 158 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 8.2 liters per 100 km

Honored Russian bestseller based on the Romanian Dacia Duster. Immediately after the release of the queue for budget models, it was six months, but now you can already buy a car Russian assembly in a much shorter period. In addition to the specified 1.6 engine, there are also versions with a 2-liter gasoline engine and diesel 1.5 liters.

Chery Tiggo. Photo: Chery Press Service

Initial cost: 659 900 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4285/1765/1715 mm
Power plant: gasoline engine 2.0 l, 136 HP, 180 Nm + 5MKPP
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 12 s
Maximum speed: 175 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 9.1 liters per 100 km

Typical Chinese crossover based on Toyota RAV4. The four-wheel drive version can only be in one configuration - the maximum. Therefore, the car has a fairly large arsenal of various equipment, but at the same time in the cabin there is fabric, plastic and mechanical settings.

GreatWallHover h5

Great Wall Hover H5. Photo: Irito Press Service

Initial cost: 699 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4649/1810/1745 mm
Power plant: gasoline engine 2.4 l, 136 hp, 205 Nm + manual transmission
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: no data
Maximum speed: 170 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 9.4 liters per 100 km

One of the most popular Chinese crossovers on Russian market that has already gone through one update. Three basic configurations are available: two of them with gasoline engines and one with a diesel 1.6 liter. The latter option can also be equipped with an automatic transmission. Already in the basic configuration, the car has a power steering, rain and light sensors, a rear view camera and parking sensors, a 7-inch multimedia system screen.

Suzuki SX4. Photo: Suzuki Press Service

Initial cost: 709 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4150/1755/1605 mm
Power plant: gasoline engine 1.6 l, 112 hp, 150 Nm + 5MKPP
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 10.7 s
Maximum speed: 185 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 6.8 liters per 100 km

This crossover inherited the genes of the off-road line Japanese manufacturer while it is a compact urban hatchback. The car is distinguished by increased attention to safety, for which the electronic systems ABS, the brake force distribution (EBD) system, the amplifier emergency braking(BAF), as well as some design solutions.

SsangYong Actyon. Photo: SsangYong Press Office

Initial cost: 869 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4410/1830/1675 mm
Power plant: gasoline engine 2.60 l, 149 hp, 197 Nm + 6MKPP
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: no data
Maximum speed: 163 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 8.2 liters per 100 km

The latest Korean-made crossover from this list belongs to the representatives of the C-class. The car has two engine options and and combined with them automatic and mechanical box gear. The crossover has five trim levels, of which only Original versions cost up to a million. In the basic version, it is already equipped with air conditioning, heated seats, electric and heated mirrors, as well as cruise control and other options.

Opel Mokka. Photo: GM Press Service

Initial cost: 895 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4278/1658/1777 mm
Power plant: petrol engine A 1.4 NET 140 hp 200 Nm + 6MKPP + AWD
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 9.8 s
Maximum speed: 195 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 6.4 liters per 100 km

The compact class B crossover is based on the GM Gamma 2 platform, on which it is built new chevrolet Aveo. But, despite this relationship, the car is equipped with a plug-in all-wheel drive, and the Russian version, assembled in Kaliningrad, also has a shortened front bumper. The AWD version starts with the Enjoy trim, which includes options such as heated front seats, dual-zone climate control, High Beam Assist and fog lamps.

Volkswagen Tiguan. Photo: Volkswagen Press Service

Initial cost: 899 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4519/1809/1703 mm
Power plant: petrol engine 1.4 TSI 150 HP 240 Nm + 6-speed manual + 4Motion
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 9.6 s
Maximum speed: 192 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 8.0 L / 100 km

German Kaluga assembly is a typical representative of European crossovers. The all-wheel drive version is already in the youngest modest configuration, which, nevertheless, includes such equipment as an electronic stabilization system, climate control, Climatronic, uphill / downhill assist and heated front seats.

Skoda yeti... Photo: Skoda Press Service

Initial cost: 939 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4223/1793/1691 mm
Power unit: gasoline engine 1.8 TSI 152 HP + 6MKPP + 4x4
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 8.7 s
Maximum speed: 196 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 8 liters per 100 km

The only crossover from the Czech manufacturer has firmly established itself in the market and has recently undergone minor updates, which primarily affected the engine line. Skoda Yeti all-wheel drive system is equipped with intelligent Haldex coupling 4th generation and can be combined with 6-speed "mechanics" and the DSG robot from Volkswagen. Off-road potential is expanded with a special off-road mode, which adapts the settings electronic systems for off-road driving.

Nissan Juke. Photo: Nissan Press Service

Initial cost: 987 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4135/1765/1565 mm
Power unit: petrol engine 1.6 190 HP 240 Nm + CVT variator+ 4Motion
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 8.2 s
Maximum speed: 200 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 7.6 liters per 100 km

The very bright Nissan Juke became the sales leader of the Japanese brand. In addition to its extraordinary appearance, it has a new turbocharged 1.6 DIG-T engine and intelligent system all-wheel drive All Mode 4x4-i, which begins to enter the middle and maximum configurations starting with the SE Sport. It features faux suede seat trim and a leather steering wheel.

Subaru XV. Photo: Subaru Press Service

Initial cost: 984 600 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4450/1780/15705 mm
Power unit: gasoline engine 1.6 114 hp 150 Nm + 5MKPP + CDG
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 13.1 s
Maximum speed: 179 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 7.3 liters per 100 km

This is a completely new crossover that has taken the empty niche of urban crossovers. Its main advantages are located inside and include both interior trim and various equipment. Belonging to the cult brand is confirmed by the horizontally opposed arrangement Boxer engine and an all-wheel drive system with an interaxle limited slip differential with a viscous coupling.

Peugeot 4008. Photo: Peugeot Press Service

Initial cost: 999 000 rubles
Dimensions (length / width / height): 4340/1768/1625 mm
Power unit: petrol engine 2.0 150 HP 197 Nm + 5MKPP + AWD
Acceleration 0-100 km / h: 9.9 s
Maximum speed: 198 km / h
Combined fuel consumption: 7.9 liters per 100 km

This crossover falls into the edge of the price range and therefore differs from all previous cars. This, among other things, affects the principle of operation of the all-wheel drive system, which has three modes: 2WD - front-wheel drive, 4WD - all-wheel drive with up to 85% torque distribution, to the front axle and LOCK - permanent all-wheel drive mode. It is worth noting that the car, like most Peugeot, is trained for operation in Russia.

Four-wheel drive is better than other transmission systems, since the torque from the motor is transmitted to the two axles of the machine.

This design is provided in many cars with different bodies: hatchback, station wagon.

The presence of differential locks, a unique control system, good rubber are the main reasons why the crossover does not need all-wheel drive.

Advantages and disadvantages

The term "crossover" is of American origin Crossover Utility Vehicle (CUV), which means auto high cross-country ability ... The word was first used by Chrysler employees in 1987. Currently SUVs are considered crossovers.

Until the 2000s, they were produced for city driving, so they were built on the basis of passenger platforms, and trucks were used in the production of all-wheel drive models. In 1994 Japanese company released the first modern crossover Toyota RAV4. Some models have similar powertrains to station wagons and sedans. At the same time, they differ from passenger cars in different characteristics, including fuel consumption, type of transmission.

For some drivers, the minus of the crossover is associated with its large dimensions. At the same time, the SUV is not a full-fledged SUV, but it easily overcomes country roads.

The advantages of an all-wheel drive design are associated with the inner convictions of the owner of the crossover. Experts believe that in 99.99% of cases the potential benefits of the system are not used or are reduced to zero due to the presence of "smart electronics".

Minuses all-wheel drive crossover:

the high price of the mechanism itself;
additional costs during the operation of the car;
high fuel consumption.

Experts advise buying a crossover that will be operated around the city, without an all-wheel drive transmission.

On the streets, the driver is not required increased cross-country ability , unlike the track and country road... According to the results of test drives, the all-wheel drive transmission brakes no better than a mono-drive analogue. The coefficient of adhesion to the road surface of an all-wheel drive crossover is equal to that of a mono-drive SUV.

The need for a system

A four-wheel drive machine is required for following cases: safe driving on slippery roads, operating a crossover with a trailer in winter, driving on a dirt road.

Cheap crossovers are built on the platform of a conventional hatchback... A full transmission only occurs when the drive wheels are spinning. Such a moment is easily recognized by the electronics, which connects the other axis.

The slipping itself does not mean that the car is stationary for a long period. The phenomenon lasts for several seconds. A special clutch is responsible for the distribution of the moment, which is presented in SUVs in the form of different designs. To overcome the minimum off-road, additional functionality is "hung".

With the help of the clutch, partial or complete blocking occurs, depending on the type of electronics.

The following parts can be used in the system:

self-locking differential;
viscous coupling.

If there is a free clutch in the crossover, the car will not be able to go if one wheel has completely lost traction with the road surface. Due to the blockage, the problem wheel starts spinning, the car continues to go forward. Therefore, if there is a blockage in the crossover, a complete drivetrain is not required. To prevent the clutch from overheating, experts advise not to slip for a long time.

Description of the coupling

Differential working principle:

the design in a modern automatically connected all-wheel drive works according to the preventive principle: control is aimed at preventing the emergence of an emergency state of the controlled device (the system works until the wheels slip);
the other axle is supplied with a low percentage of torque.

A similar scheme is used by carmakers Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz. The Torsen differential is used more often. It gives the car confidence on slippery surfaces. This increases the risk of choosing the wrong speed for driving in poor conditions. The result of such a decision of the driver is the demolition of the car to the side of the road or its skid.

If the crossover is equipped with an auxiliary ESP system, it makes no sense to overpay for all-wheel drive. ESP or dynamic stabilization system is controlled by a special unit, which receives signals from sensors.

The tasks of the last elements include tracking the direction of movement of the car, taking into account the position of the steering wheel and gas pedal. The unit also receives information about the acceleration and orientation of the drifts. With the help of ESP, the trajectory of the crossover is stabilized when performing various maneuvers. The system is often called anti-drip.

Stabilizer operation

SUVs are equipped with a stabilization system as a basic version or an additional function. Its work is impossible without anti-lock braking system ABS. The process also involves the traction control system and the control unit. power unit... ESP is presented in the form of an electronic controller unit that constantly processes sensor signals.

System startup depends on the information received.

The main indications include signals coming from two devices:

attitude angular velocity with a vertical axis;
lateral acceleration sensor readings.

If the value of the first indicator is higher than normal, an instant start of the ESP is performed. The system monitors the engine speed, travel speed, wheel and steering angle.

Additional function

If four-wheel drive is used as an additional function, then the second axle is manually connected. On the highway, the driver drives a mono-drive, and if necessary, go to the problematic section of the road, the complete system is switched on independently. In a crossover with a similar transmission, there is no center differential, but blocking of one interwheel clutch is provided.

Four-wheel drive in such a system must be turned off immediately on the road, since it is not designed to operate at high speed.

Another configuration option is the presence of three differentials:

interaxal;
2 interwheel.

Additionally, there is a downshift, electronics and locks. A similar set of properties is typical for all-wheel drive crossovers.

A crossover is a vehicle that combines the advantages of an SUV and a conventional passenger car... It is great for people who live in rural areas and often travel to the city. The crossover belongs to the middle class cars. Before buying it, experts advise you to decide on the budget, associated costs that will be associated with insurance, maintenance.

Regardless of the manufacturer, the type of drive is also taken into account when choosing. It is necessary to take into account the fact that each carmaker produces SUVs with different configurations.

To save money, you can buy a car without all-wheel drive.... This design is not required if you choose a crossover with the maximum wheel width in order to ensure efficient riding on rough terrain.

Another nuance that is taken into account when buying is meaning ground clearance ... The higher the bottom of the car above the road surface, the more chances it will not catch on during operation. The single-drive SUV is an excellent option for a large family due to a comfortable and spacious interior, a large luggage compartment. In addition to the transmission, buyers consider appearance and car design, as well as fuel consumption.

The specifics and advantages of front-wheel drive SUVs

There is a fairly large number of SUVs with various drive options. It can be both four-wheel drive cars and cars with a drive to a specific axle. In the latter case, they will cost less than their all-wheel drive counterparts. You need to decide which one suits you best. However, if you choose a car with a drive on one axle, then you should stop at the front. Since it has greater advantages than the rear one, and even has some advantages that four-wheel drive cars do not have either.

What are the advantages of front-wheel drive crossovers? Let's figure it out:

Front-wheel drive crossovers are much easier to control when extreme conditions... All you need to do is press the gas pedal to the floor and the front-wheel drive will do its job. It will be more difficult to drive a rear-wheel drive car, especially in ice, snow or heavy rain, especially if the driver is not an experienced racer.
This advantage is not decisive, but it also contributes. In this case, we will talk about the greater "agility" of the car, and a little more efficiency due to rear axle... The latter contains a rather ineffective hypoid transmission which gets very hot and requires a special oil.
The front-wheel drive is devoid of a propeller shaft, which means that you can not be afraid to bend it on a bump. Thus, the car gets more cross-country ability, which is especially important for an SUV. Even four-wheel drive cars cannot boast of such an advantage.
The increased volume of the trunk and gas tank due to the absence of a rear axle, which is an indisputable advantage. The SUV will not only be big on the outside, but also very roomy on the inside.

Some disadvantages associated with the drive are also worth mentioning:
1. Usually, such cars have everything tightly located under the hood, which will cause some difficulties during repair, since it will be more difficult to disassemble.
2. Weak point front-wheel drive are quite delicate anthers that can be damaged. But, if you monitor their condition, the front suspension will work for a long time and reliably.
3. If you carry a lot of passengers and heavy loads, this will negatively affect the handling and cross-country ability of the entire vehicle. This is due to the fact that without a load, the front axle takes up most of the weight of the entire car, but with a significant load, its share decreases, which will negatively affect grip. For this reason, it is better to travel light when off-road or in bad weather.
Of course, four-wheel drive may seem like a better solution. However, is it really that complete? Almost all modern crossovers you can find the inscription 4WD, but this still does not mean anything. This is due to the leading pair of wheels - either front or rear. The rest do not work most of the time and only connect for a short time. And only then does the car become four-wheel drive. Thus, most SUVs and crossovers can be divided into front-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive with their own advantages and disadvantages.

It is also worth noting that these two types of machines have the same disadvantage. This is switching to four-wheel drive while driving. Or rather, the slip that occurs in this case. A fairly large number of factors affect the path that the wheels travel. It can be uneven road, uneven tire wear, or even just dirt or water. And in the all-wheel drive mode, there is a rigid coupling between the two axles, due to which some wheels are simply forced to slip at the moment of switching the mode. Because of this, you can observe how a driver who decides to switch the drive on a slippery road will simply lose control and fly off the side of the road. Also, in all-wheel drive mode, there is a large load on the transmission. To avoid this, cars are produced with permanent all-wheel drive. He does not have this drawback, but there are some of their own. This is typical, in principle, of any car model.
Popular front wheel drive crossovers
If you are going to buy such a car, first you need to understand that a crossover is not the same as an SUV. The crossover is a wagon with increased ground clearance. Of course, your cross-country ability will be higher than that of a passenger car, but you shouldn't consider yourself a "superhero".
Consider in one stage front-wheel drive crossovers: an overview of expensive and inexpensive cars simultaneously. Let's provide them in one list, arranging the models in descending order.
Mazda CX-5
It has one of the highest ground clearance in its class, namely 215 mm ground clearance. The car boasts good driving characteristics, as it is driven by 150 horsepower, as well as a 6-speed "mechanics". Has all the necessary equipment, which you will no longer be surprised in modern cars above the budget level. These are power windows, air conditioning, airbags, and an on-board computer.

However, the car boasts good aerodynamics and low weight, which was achieved through the use of light-alloy metals. This has a positive effect on the "agility" of the car.

This car can be found in car dealerships for almost 1,000,000 rubles for the younger model. However, be sure that it will work 100% of its cost.

Toyota-RAV4

It has a less prominent clearance, but it cannot be called small either, and it is 197 mm. The engine is about the same as the model above, but the power of the RAV4 motor is 7 horsepower more. In terms of equipment, it is also approximately, however, it has an electronic imitation of a differential lock, which will have a good effect on the cross-country ability of the car.

In the past, the Japanese had minor problems with sticking the gas pedal, which led to the recall of a huge batch from the United States, but the problems have been resolved.

You can also buy this car for almost 1,000,000 rubles for the younger model.

It has a good ground clearance of 200 mm. Under its hood, 122 European horses are working in the minimum configuration, but even so, the car drives quite fast.

And also this engine is part of the BlueMotion range, which indicates a moderate appetite for the car.

The car has received the full range of necessary functions, and people who are "always freezing" will find salvation for themselves in heated seats. There is also an on-board computer with a menu translated into Russian. IN German quality there is no doubt, however, for the junior model with only basic options, you will have to pay from 940,000 thousand rubles. Additional options, including more interesting engine, will cost decently more.

Quite an interesting machine, but with the smallest clearance from the ones given here. It is only 172 mm. However, the this crossover good engine, which has 150 horsepower, as well as a 5-speed "mechanics", which gives the car good acceleration characteristics. There is also a good set of built-in functions, which will be enough for a comfortable ride. But this car has a standard anti-theft system, as well as a rain sensor. Of course, this is not something for which you should choose a car, but the availability of these options is quite nice. The machine also has a very good salon and even separate climate control.

However, the sporting roots are making themselves felt, namely the stiffer suspension, which will reduce ride comfort.

This car costs about 900,000 rubles, but you can buy a diesel version for about the same cost.

For front-wheel drive crossovers, this is perhaps a representative of the mid-price range, which does not have the highest ground clearance. It is only 180 mm, which is not the worst value. The engine is the same in terms of power as in the KIA, but the 6-speed gearbox is slightly better than in the previous car. The car has a pretty interesting appearance. The latest version of this car has a comfortable interior, all the necessary package of options, including navigation system as well as interesting developments for fuel economy. This car costs from 840,000 rubles, which is generally not much more expensive than the models of the earlier release.

It has a modest ground clearance of 180 mm. The engine of this car does not stand out with special power, namely 117 horsepower. However, in contrast, you can indicate a good fuel consumption, which should cover the lack of acceleration speed.

It is worth noting that a lot of attention is paid to safety in the car. And the company is proud of it, so if you want a safe and economical family SUV, you can safely take a look at this model.

The rest of the car has all the necessary options for a comfortable ride. Such a car costs from 800,000 rubles.

It has a good ground clearance of 200 mm and a fairly close arrangement of bridges to the edges of the chassis, which will have a positive effect on its off-road driving performance. In the lower configuration, the engine boasts only 114 forces, but also good economy as opposed to. Has a good set of airbags and a full set of options for a comfortable ride. Such a car costs from 750,000 rubles for the younger model.

It has a ground clearance of 180 mm. The engine of this car is only 105 horsepower.

It has roof rails, as well as a fairly roomy and spacious interior. We can note the thoughtfulness of the rear trunk and rear seats, which facilitates the transportation of goods.

So from this car you can make a good "workhorse" and move even in the countryside. At the same time, without experiencing problems with a lack of comfort or safety. This car costs from 730,000 rubles, which may seem overpriced for this car, but others similar crossovers they cannot boast of such spaciousness.

It has a ground clearance of 180 mm. The engine of this car is just a little short of hundreds of horsepower. Has a full set of required options.

An interesting feature of this model is the unusual appearance which is especially suitable for young people. On such a car, you will never get lost even in a traffic jam. However, one should not dissemble, it is still worth mentioning that the appearance is really specific and may not please everyone.

This unit costs from 600,000 rubles.

Has 190 mm ground clearance. The engine has 126 horsepower, which for its price is very good result, since usually such crossovers do not even reach hundreds. The rest has standard equipment and discreet design. The price for this car starts at 550,000 rubles.

It has 210 mm of ground clearance, which is a very good result for its price. The engine has 102 horsepower. The internal filling does not indulge in a special abundance, since it has only one airbag and a minimum of options. IN standard equipment the air conditioner was not included, however, in addition, you can also install an on-board computer and many other interesting additions.

It is worth noting that this car has become a bestseller and has held this position for a long time.

This was facilitated by good driving performance, and excellent appearance, especially in the latest models, as well as a rich set of additional options, which made it possible to decently expand the price range. Thus, the car has a minimum cost of up to 500,000 rubles, which allows it to be considered budgetary, however, taking into account additional functions, its class can be decently raised.

Front-wheel drive crossovers can be found for absolutely every taste and need. Among the presented models there are both expensive and fast cars with chic filling, family safe cars, and even budget or "workhorses". Each car has its own characteristics.

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