Step-by-step instructions, how to remove and replace the GBC. Repairing the head of the cylinder block from "a" to "what will happen if the head of the cylinder block will not be tightly tightened

17.11.2019

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Head block cylinder Refers to one of the significant parts of the engine. In the head there are important engine components. If any problems appear with the motor will be necessary removalengine cylinder heads.

The reasons due to which the need for removing the head of the cylinder block on a gasoline engine can be set.

Often are removed due to engine overheating.
When replacing the cylinder block laying.
The occurrence of cracks on the housing is also the basis.
Loss of engine power.
Lack of compression in two adjacent cylinders.
Presence motor oil In coolant.
The loss of coolant, the occurrence of white exhaust gas.

We want to note that the removal of the head of the cylinder block on the gasoline engine is quite a serious procedure and certain skills are needed, as well as special equipment.

It is very important to remember that the removal of the cylinder head on the gasoline engine is carried out only with a cold engine.

In order to start dismantling, It is necessary to have all the necessary tool for this, as well as a dynamometric key. We advise you to fulfill all the steps according to the maintenance manual for this engine model.

Procedure by removing the headthe cylinder block is better to produce in the garage with observation pit, or on the lift. First of all, the terminals from the battery are disconnected, and then the battery is removed.

The next step is disconnected by the ignition system, as well as the disconnection of various connectors. Drain of liquid is performed. Also disconnected various hoses, nozzles that interfere with the removal of the head. Hinged equipment is also desirable to remove, because It will interfere with dismantling.

After all the disconnect procedures, the head of the cylinder block on the gasoline engine is removed. First of all, remove the lid. Then the belt is removed.

The head of the cylinder block is fixed on the engine with bolts. And when removing it, the unscrewing order must be carried out strictly according to the instructions, as indicated in the service book for this model of the car.

Good day, dear car enthusiasts! Mass production of car parts, far to perfection for various reasons.

Okay, when it comes to the details unfriendly to work. But when it comes to such an important car system as the engine, then there is something to think about and what to do.

And if you need checking the head of the cylinder block, for tightness, i.e. Complete diagnostics, it is carried out on special stands. And, first of all, you will need to remove the head of the block in order to present it to a hundred.

Although it is not necessary to know the technology of removal and installation of the GBC is necessary to troubleshoot faults. Maybe you decided to spend the engine tuning and, accordingly, the replacement of camshaft on the tuning camshaft.

With some operations, for example, the head of the block, the removal of the GBC is not required.

Those. The mass of the nuances requiring an individual assessment in a particular case. In any case, knowing common to all engines features for removing and installing the GBC, you will be easier to do it.

Removing the head of the cylinder block

Starting work on removing the head of the cylinder block, you must have a mandatory dynamometer key in these cases, and the repair and maintenance manual for your engine model.

For what? After all, you have already been removed and installed the GBC on the old Zhiguli. Is the Opel GBC really different? No, it differs and not so much in design. But at the moment of tightening bolts fastening GBC.may differ significantly.

Preparation for removal of the GBC

remove the battery and disconnect the ignition system wires;
with a marker in hand, we proceed to the dismantling of all pipelines and hoses: cooling systems, vacuum, etc., going to the engine. The marker is needed in order for the subsequent installation of the GBC to be the test of your engine design. Mixing the marker, what and from where it comes out, it will be easier for you when assembling;
we make dismantling of fuel highways and so on;
then make the removal of everything hinged equipmentwhich is installed on the GBC, and will interfere with its removal.

Directly removal of the GBC

remove the cover of the GBC;
we make removal of the timing cover, the belt of the gear pulley. At the same time, do not forget to carry out backway diagnostics. Be sure to inspect the camshaft seal, etc.
gBC mounting bolts take care neatly and in line with a circuit, reverse tightening bolts. This scheme is in the repair manual.
After removing the head of the cylinder block, perform the scheduled repair work: repair of nodes and mechanisms, replacement gBC pads, refinement of the GBC. In general, then, because of what, you actually need to remove the head of the cylinder block. If you do not be lazy, then you can still communicate the GBC to the diagnostics where you will check it on a tightness on a special device. Checking the head of the cylinder block on the stand allows us to determine the causes of many faults with the utmost accuracy.

Installing the head of the cylinder block

Installing the head of the cylinder block is performed in the reverse order. It's clear.

In mandatory when removing the GBC, it is required to replace the laying of the block head, even if the reason for the repair was not it.

Also, experts strongly recommend the use of new cubs fastening bolts. This is due to their constructive feature. The tightening of the mounting bolts is carried out according to the scheme specified by the manufacturer, and only with those parameters of the force of the protracted torque that are written in the manual. Without amaway, according to the principle: more - better.

Installation of all attachments, hoses and pipelines carry out the scheme compiled by you.

After the installation of the cylinder head is made, check everything for tightness. To do this, we run the engine launch. If you were replaced by camshaft, start the engine at small speed.

Control proper Installation We are visually visually, for the presence of oils of oil or coolant in places of connection (joints) of the GBC with a block.

Successes to you in a difficult but necessary to repair the head of the cylinder block.

Modern car - apotheosis technical equipment. However, any automotive equipment consists of small parts that can break, steal, surprise at any moment, especially in the machines that have been for several years.

One of these "small" parts is the gasket of the GBC. Despite the fact that it seems not as an important detail, her breakdown can "kill" the engine. Information about when it is necessary to replace it, how to do it and what the consequences of its breakage can be useful for any motorist, both a beginner and many years of experience.

What is the GBC gasket

Let's start our article with the study of the concept of the general purpose of the head of the blocks of cylinders.

GBC is an abbreviation, in decoding - the head of the cylinder block. This is one of the main nodes of any car. His appointment is the removal of gases into the atmosphere.

The appointment of the gasket itself is an increase in the density at the site of attaching the block of cylinders and the GBC itself. Note immediately that you should not mix two concepts. There is a laying of the head of the cylinder head, and there is a gasket, which is put between the upper part of the cylinder head. These gaskets are made rubber.

Exterior of the GBC and its gaskets

Despite the similarity of these concepts, there are some differences in them. The cylinder head gasket makes three processes at the same time - increases the density of the engine cooling system, increases the density of the oil system of the engine, and also seal the engine gas distribution system.

PCC gasket is used in diesel and in gasoline engines, and, mostly, consists of three layers. The main layer is perforated sheet steel.

Layers of gasket GBC.

It is always necessary to remember the upcoming repairs of the GBC, and it is previously or late inevitable. Gasket is consumablesnot intended to be reused. And when you start repairing the engine of your "swallow", do not forget to change the gasket of the GBC.

Types of gaskets GBC

The gaskets of the GBC are conditionally divided into two groups:

1. Non-metallic stripswho are divided into two types:

Besas missing – this species Gaskets are characterized by a reduced ability to shrink and increased ability to recover. Bestas missing pads are distinguished by an increased price compared to asbestos, but at the same time attract greater wear resistance, tightness and ecology. Applied materials in the manufacture of gaskets: synthetic fiber, rubber.

Bescas missing gaskets GBC.

Asbestos strips - According to the properties similar to their fellows without asbestos. They are elastic, resistant to temperature and elastic. As a rule, they find their use in Remkomplekt. However, in quality is inferior to other species.

Asbestos gaskets GBC

2. Metal gaskets.They have the highest quality and efficiency. They evenly distribute all pressure on the surface at the place of attachment to the entire surface of the head of the cylinder block and the cylinder block.

Metal gasket GBC

Symptoms of pierced gasket GBC

The need for a change of this part may come at the very unexpected time. However, the time that it will serve cannot be calculated is impossible, as it is a purely individual resource, depending idea of \u200b\u200bdriving style, quality of gasket, brand and models of Mashyna, etc. Standard guarantee for gasket GBC in stores - 1 year.

But understanding the symptoms speaking about the need to change this detail, you can not miss this important point. The most common among them:

In places, the connection of the GBC and the block is observed oil flowing Motor or cooling fluid.
On the inspection level of oil level is visible the substance of whitish shade What does the cooling fluid flow through the gasket.
If a your auto exhausts are white Even after the machine warmed up - this signals that the cooling fluid is already in the cylinder.
The damaged gasket can pass oil and into the radiator fluid and in the expansion tank. In other words oil began to circulate in the cooling system car.
Oil fell into cooling tank
Another sign that came to the dissent is receipt of exhaust in the cooling system . This can be determined by the presence of bubbles in the radiator fluid or in expansion tank.
Bubbles in the cooling tank

These signs are not yet a finite diagnosis, but not listening to them. Anyway, it is necessary to find reasons and correct them before the engine fails.

Almost in all models of cars, the clarification of the GBC is no different. There are small nuances related to the scene, in which the bolts are tightening, fastening the GBC and how to configure the prolonged moment of the bolts. All this data can be found in the technical documentation for the operating car. If the documentation is absent in paper, it is always possible to find the documentation for the desired car model on the Internet.

Important moment!

Starting unscrewing bolts, fastening GBC, clean them first. This will prevent the key breaking down and will protect the bolts from the occurrence of damage. Otherwise, such damage will not promote the bolt. Start spinning fasteners bolts should be from the center or each bolt in turns to turn on one turn. It will fight from distortion.

At first disconnect the hinged elements. The sequence in which dismantling is made, it is necessary to mark or sketch as a scheme. Once all bolts are unscrewed, you should disconnect the block head and replace the gasket. To facilitate centering of gasket and head, there are special sleeves on the block case.

Our goal is the head of the cylinder block, which is marked in the image. To replace the GBC laying, it is necessary to remove all the elements interfering.

After replacing the gasket, all parts are installed in the reverse order. It was for this that the scheme was drawn. Screw the fastenings of the cylinder heads should be strictly in accordance with the drawing of a particular mechanism, and strictly withstand the characteristics of the tension moment, which manufacturer wrote. This can help a dynamometer key.

Whatever the features of the engines whatever the fasteners and screws are fixed, there are certain standards and standards that must be observed. The following information is useful when changing the GBC gaskets of any model of the car. In order not to overstat the reader with boring items, how to spin one or another screw - omit such details. All this data can be subtracted into the user manual for the motor, which is installed on your car. Do not be lazy to re-read this instruction, because on how exactly you follow the requirements and manufacturer's recommendations depends on the quality of your repair.

Make your indispensable attribute - marker. By disconnecting attachments, namely, different pipelines, not be lazy and do not care about your memory. She can bring. Just mark every step. Believe me - the reverse assembly produce is much easier.
While in a car shop to buy a gasket - Make sure that this item corresponds to the torque strength that engine manufacturers were denoted to twist the cylinder cylinder screws.
Starting the removal of fasteners, carefully get rid of them from the raid. A similar fallow can provoke a wig, and you will not only get injured, but also cause damage to the screw slot. And then the only option to extract it - will be drilled.
Split screws that fastening GBC follows from the center, making a half of the turn to each screw. By this you remove the tension.
Since you have already disassembled the cylinder block, do not be lazy to spend it technical inspectionAnd also rinse it with a gasoline from Nagara. Even it will definitely not be, but it will help to identify other defects, if such have a place to be.
As soon as you replaced the gasket, you can not hurry to start the reverse procedure on the assembly.
When screwing the screws, you need to use a dynamometric key, not forgetting to adhere to all standards and withstand all requirements.
After changing the old gasket, the new, put the GBC to the previous place, in accordance with the guides.
To remove and fix the screws, it follows with increased accuracy, in order to avoid breaking the thread, and the voltage to the screws to distribute uniformly.
And do not forget to accurately fix each element.

Independently change the gasket does not require special skills. It is important to proceed to this case with due accuracy so that instead of repairing it does not harm even more. If you break the fastenings of the GBC, then such screws will no longer be able to reliably hold the head of the cylinder block. Such a trouble will not please anyone. Starting work should be refreshing in the memory of the technical documentation of the car. Carefully read all the important and necessary moments.

Attention!

Always clean the bolts before starting to spin them.

Remove the GBC is prohibited if attached hinged equipment is connected. . It is necessary to disconnect each of the belts, filters and appliances. Do not forget to fix everything schematically or take a photo.

Before working with the GBC, it is necessary to remove all attachments

When you safely displaced the head of the cylinder block from its attachment, you can replace the gasket. If you focus on the sleeve, then the gasket will not be difficult to establish. Now it remains to install the head of the cylinder block on its place, attach all the suspension system and tighten all the attachments to the torque wrench.

When the cylinder head assembly is completed, all attachments should be returned to their seats. This helps you own a hand drawn scheme. As soon as the repairs are completed, look again to the signs that we talked above. If they are not observed - it means that the change of laying was successful.

Instructions for replacing gasket GBC

In this manual, the details that can be dismantled to work with the GBC laying, but not all models be sure to remove certain parts if they do not interfere with the work. Therefore, some steps can be skipped.

First you need to de-energize the car - remove minus terminals from the battery. If necessary, it is worth merge antifreeze and reduce the pressure in the car's nutrition.
Removed cover CHC. If necessary, along with it, the receiver, throttle assembly, intake and exhaust manifolds are disconnected.
Arrangement equipment, hoses, sensors are removed together with the cover of the GBC
Wire harness pads are disconnected from all sensors (mass flow of air, oil, position throttle valve, Temperature, etc.).
The clamp holding the air force on the throttle node is weakened, and removed with the air filter.
Wiring harness is drawn from under the receiver.
Remove the fasteners of the front cover cover distribution Vala.First, she is removed, and then the timing belt. It is necessary to fix the toothy pulley from scrolling.
Removing the belt timber
Removed tension roller and remote washer.
The gear pulp with camshaft is removed.
The rear cap of the camshaft drive is dismantled - the nuts of the lid are unscrewed, and then the remaining fasteners.
Screws are unscrewed, weakening the clamp. From the outlet, all hoses are sequentially disconnected: the supply of the radiator, supplying the throttle hoses and the heater, disconnect the thermostat together with the hose.
Reveal fastening nuts. Fuel tubes disconnected plum hoses and fuel supply.
We gradually weaken 10 bolts of fastening the head of the block, removed along with the washers.
GBC bolts need to be unscrewed gradually from the edge to the center
GBC is dismantled together with the cherished gasket. The gasket is separated from the GBC.
Old gasket GBC in poor condition
The whole spoofing surface is thoroughly cleaned by contaminants, dust, metal chips, spilled oil, etc.
The surface of the CHC is cleared
The new net gasket is set taking into account the centering sleeves on the GBC. In this case, the opening for the passage of oil in the laying should be between 3 and 4 cylinders.
Installing a new gasket GBC
Before installing the CFC, you must make sure that both valves are closed on the first cylinder.
After installing the GBC and twisting 10 fastening bolts, all the remaining parts are mounted in the reverse order.
After replacing the gasket, you need to return all the details for your previous place.
Repair completed!

Attention!

All work with your own machine, and not only requires increased concentration, care. And you need to be neat, as in different brands of automobiles of fasteners and docks used by the manufacturer, may have significant differences. Those at least, the sequence of actions during the repair of the engine remains typical for all machines.

You can also watch a few videos about replacing the cylinder head gasket:

Replacing the gasket on the VAZ:

Replacing laying on Volkswagen Passat. B3:

Replacing the gasket on Honda Civic:

If there is no confidence in our own power, and you fear to make only worse, then the best solution Will bent the car to the service center. After all, despite the fact that the operation on the change of laying is not distinguished by complexity, but its poor-quality installation. Incorrect GBC assembly with insufficient effort is capable of making an oil or coolant on the surface part. If this happens, the leakage of the fluid will be observed, will certainly be observed. That will lead to the need to re-disassemble the GBC, replacing the gasket and perform inverse.

Engine internal combustion Consists of several parts. This head, block and pallet crankcase. During the operation of the motor, a huge amount of thermal energy is distinguished. To cool it, the blocks provide a coolant shirt. Also a motor need lubricant. It moves across special channels. In order for these two components to be mixed with each other, a blacker is provided. In today's article we will talk about how to produce the VAZ-2107 car. Replacing the head gasket will also consider signs of this malfunction.

When should I change?

It should be noted that the GBC on the VAZ 2101-2107 is infrequently produced with their own hands. The manufacturer does not regulate its replacement period, since the part is installed for the entire service life. However, there are cases when it goes.

How to determine this malfunction? The first feature is the overheating of the motor. The second is to flow at the connection site of the block and head. From here it can run both toosol and oil. Also these two liquids are mixed in the expansion tank. When the engine is running, there are small gas bubbles. All these signs suggest that the car requires the replacement of the gasket under the head. VAZ "Classic" - simple in the device's device. Therefore, this procedure can be done yourself.

Instruments

What do we need to replace? During the work, we need the following tools:

The key is 10.
Set of heads with a diameter of 13, 17 and 19 millimeters.
Rattop Gorottok.
Extension cords.
Dynamometric key.
Capacity for draining coolant.
Screwdrivers.

Disassembly

So, where it begins on the VAZ-2107 car, the replacement first remove the air filter with a round metal case (shown in the photo below).

Next, unscrew and get the outward carburetor. After that, they begin to dismantle the other attached equipment. This is the ignition distributor and high voltage wires. After that, the engine is drained with a coolant. It is required to prepare a clean capacity of at least 7 liters.

We merge Tosol correct

By car VAZ-2107, the cylinder head gasket is replaced relatively quickly. However, most of the operation will take drain of old antimony. The fact is that on the "classics" there is no crane usually for a drain. There is a "plug" here. How to make this procedure correctly? So, we need a container and meter of the rubber hose with a dimieter of at least 1 centimeter. One end to bring it to drain plug. The other side quickly lean the hose to the hole. So Tosol is triggered into our container. It is necessary to be neat, in order not to pour Tosol in hand.

What's next?

How further is the replacement of gasket GBC VAZ-2107? At the next stage, we need to dismantle the mechanism. It is attached to 8 bolts. It is important not to lose clamping washers - they will be useful to us when assembling. In the next step, the timing element is required, namely the chain drive and gear. To do this, weaken the tensioner and with the help of the key we release a lock nut. Now the chain should relax. Now we disassemble the gear.

It is attached to the camshaft on the batter. With a screwdriver and hammer, we flex a stopper and unscrew the element outward. By the way, the chain is optionally completely removed. The main thing is that it does not fall down. To do this, it is tested with a grain tool (for example, wire).

How further is the replacement of the cylinder head laying? VAZ-2107 continues to stand still, and we go to the dismantling of the camshaft. To do this, unscrew 9 mounting bolts. After disconnect the receiving pipe, which goes to the exhaust manifold. It is installed on 4 brass nuts. If you have a pipe screwed to conventional steel, there is a risk of ripping the hairpin. Be extremely neat. If there are rust or dirty plaque, use the universal lubricant VD-40.

Remove the head

Now we have to remove the head of the block. To do this, we in the hands of a powerful knot and unscrew 10 mounting bolts in a circle. An important point - the 11th bolt is installed on the side. It is small. We are extracting it too. Carefully refress the element and get it out.

Installation

So, in front of us - the opened head of the block. We can only remove the old gasket and install a new one in her place. It is important to carefully clean the surface of its contact. If this is not done, the oil will be seeded through the minor channels to the adjacent chamber and mix with Tosol. Experts recommend using a special spray.

It is called "to remove pads." Its value is about 400 rubles. Volume of 300 ml is enough for several receptions. Instructions for use is quite simple. It is necessary to apply spray on the surface of the block and after a ten minutes, remove the remnants of the element of the pure piece of the vehicle.

The new gasket already has a red silicone sealant. We can only set it on a rightful place. Using two guides, center the element in the block. Now it remains only to assemble the engine.

Assembly

Pay attention to such a moment as the tightening of the GBC. Much will depend on this operation. If you do not observe the effort, the gasket is prohibiting, and the engine can boil. Therefore, experts are recommended to use a torque wrench (see figure below).

Bolts are tightened by a special scheme - from the middle to the edges. The first tightening force is 4.1 kgf per meter. The second is 11.45. It concerns ten large bolts. What about the little, 11th? Here the tightening rate is 3.8 kgf / m. If your key is calculated for the Nm parameter, the first tighten is required to observe the value of 40 units. The second is made with an effort from 95 to 117 nm. After it was produced by car VAZ-2107 Replacing the cylinder head gasket, you need to install back and it is important to set the timing of the timing. Yes, on the 8-valve motor, the pistons will not get in touch with "plates". However, there will be significant ignition skipping (up to the fact that the motor simply does not start). On this, the replacement of the gasket of the head of the Cylinder Cylinders VAZ-2107 is successfully completed. You can first start and check the operation of the motor. Do not forget to pour Tosol into the system.

Conclusion

So, we found out how the head of the VAZ-2107 cylinder block is being taken. Spare parts for VAZ (especially if it is classic models like "seven") cost cheaply. Therefore, such an operation, as a replacement of block laying, can be performed for quite budget money (up to 500 rubles). Of course, provided that you will perform the procedure with your own hands. The most basic is the tightening of the bolts. You should not perform this eye procedure. You either do not get the bolt, either to spread the hairpin. It will be very difficult to remove the last one (except to grab it with welding and carefully unscrewed along the thread).

Vase engine repair implies removing the head of the cylinder block. And how much it will be done correctly, the costs are so reduced during its installation (physical and financial).

The head of the cylinder block is one of the most important knots of the car, and the right repair largely ensures the reliable and long operation of the engine. And any repair begins with disassembly.

In this material it is described in detail how to remove the GBC (cylinder head) with classic cars Family VAZ.

Removing the head of the cylinder block

To begin with, we promote nuts on the lid air filterFor this, it does not even need a key, since these nuts have "ears" for which you can unscrew them.

By reloading the lid, go to the cooling radiator, drain the cooling fluid from it, which will fall out when the head is removed. On the side of the engine, on the block, there is a special drain hole dried by a bolt (or a special drain crane).

Important! Do not forget to open the radiator lid so that a vacuum is not created that will not give the liquid drain.

Then we unscrew the air filter housing (four bolts), they press the housing to the carburetor. In case the car is installed gas equipment, Gently disconnect the nozzles that "go" to the air filter housing.

After removing the filter cover, disconnect the nozzles from the carburetor.

Important! Do not forget, except for nozzles, disconnect the cables "Support and throttle

Then disconnect the nozzles that are connected to the motor housing on the side and in front. Inexperienced motorists are recommended to record, where to disconnect which nozzle. Alternative I. in modern way is the shooting of key moments of disassembly on the smartphone.

Some motorists argue that the rubber does not interfere with the removal of the head, but experienced autosleys say: "Do not be lazy and remove it." The following is disconnected by the stove hose, and since it often happens "accurate", then it will take time and effort.

Now it starts disconnecting the muffler, and it takes a lot of time, as it often "carbs" to the collector. The locksarians know that the best tool in such a situation is WD 40, with it, cope with many problems. Each motorist, especially with the owners domestic technology, WD 40 must be sure!

The silencer disconnected from the collector is not necessarily removed completely, it can be removed down, so that it does not interfere. With the reverse process (when put the head into place), you will be easier to get on the studs.

Now remove the valve cover. There is nothing difficult in this process, we will not stop in detail on it, the ascent of the asterisk and camshake.

Important! Prepare the pure container under the bolts so that they do not fall on the ground or dust.

The camshaft bolts, asterisks, etc., fold the camshaft cover itself, it will help not to confuse them with others and facilitate the reverse assembly.

Using a cape or head, we unscrew the nut that crept asterisk. By revealing, removing the asterisk from my seat. It is not scary if the chain falls down, then it can be easily delivered. Now it remains to remove the camshaft and unscrew the head of the cylinder block itself, preparatory work We successfully spent.

To remove the camshaft, use any key that is at hand, the windows and unscrew.

Important! Unscrew the camshaft, you need from extreme nuts. This is necessary in order for it not to twist.

The head of the cylinder block is experiencing strong temperature loads. Because of this, the fastening bolts are baked. What advise experienced motorists? You need bolts carefully ride a quarter of turnover and leave in this position for a while.

Something useful for you:

Video: Removing the Classic VAZ Block

What is it for? In order for the clamping force that holds the head of the cylinder block evenly distributed to all bolts. Otherwise, if the first bolts pull out, the rest will be impossible to disrupt.

To unscrew the head you need to apply a lot of effort. But not every tool it will endure, so you need to choose it when buying it carefully so that I should not buy the next one. In order not to "dare" when unscrewing the cylinder head bolts, it is recommended to use any lever.

Do not frighten the cod, which is heard when the GBC bolt breaks, is normal. After the bolts are torn, you should be carefully unscrewed carefully. Before removing the GBC, it is worth checking out again whether everything is disconnected from it.

When a visual inspection on the subject of unknown fasteners, forgotten cables and nozzles is complete, you need to be a sharp movement, but without "fanaticism", to rip the head of the cylinder block, twin it up. This picture will appear before you.

If you follow the safety equipment, use a high-quality tool and follow the advice of more experienced motorists, you can quickly, without excess costs and safely, to independently remove the head of the cylinder block from the engine of the classic model of the vase.

The cylinder head removed the head allows you to determine the status of the valves and indicate whether the motor systems are working. In the color of the valve plates, make the preliminary diagnosis of many systems and aggregates, for example, the quality of the combustible mixture on which the engine runs. If all is well, then the plates of homogeneous light brown or gray.

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