Car platform B0: history and prospects. "Platform O": Russia developed tractors for the transportation of "Armatians" and heavy strategic missiles "Sarmat" of heavy trucks family platform

Dynamic showing of the chassis of a special wheel chassis KAMAZ-7850 project "Platform-O" with a wheel formula 16x16, with a carrying capacity of 85 tons, for mobile primer missile systems (PGRK) on the Forum "Army-2018"

Sergey Ischenko

Army-2018: Rocket Kamaz moved to Batka Lukashenko
Nuclear parity between the Russian Federation and the United States can not depend on the whims of the leader of Belarus

An important episode of the Army-2018 International Military Technical Forum of the Giant Special Wheel Chassis KAMAZ-7850 became an important episode (the project "Platform-O") was an important episode. The spectacle came out impressive. Mighty tractor, built according to the formula of 16 × 16 and with a carrying capacity of 85 tons just that Waltz did not dance: unfolded hardly on the spot and moved almost sideways.

However, this spectacular was rejoiced not everywhere. You can not doubt the teleniktinka with a special sadness near Moscow with special sadness looked in Belarus. Because it came out that the rocket troops of the strategic appointment of the Russian Federation are about to cease to be the most generous clients of the Minsk Plant of Wheel Tractors. Because KAMAZ-7850 is a full replacement for the famous Belarusian tractor MZKT-79221. And now KAMAZ, and not the Minsk nuclear "Caucasians" will become carriers of intercontinental ballistic missiles of Mobile complexes of RT-2PM2 "Topol-M", "Yar" and much more. And huge money that every such car stands will remain in the Russian, and not in the Belarusian treasury.

Such a sudden turn of "high allied relationships" of our countries. But before telling about the new noticeable achievement of the domestic OPK, it is useful to remember what passions all these years are at the very high level Boiled around rocket tractors from Minsk. And for what, in general, we rumbled such serious amounts on what has been obtained from the Belarusians.

You did not forget why suddenly in the late 90s of the last century during the time when Marshal Igor Sergeev was sitting on Arbat in the ministerial chair, Russia feverishly began to develop a strategic missile complex "Topol-M"?

It so happened that until then in re-equipment of our own RVSN, we highly depended on the other former Soviet republics. First of all - from Ukraine. But she already screamed at all diplomatic intersections that he was going to NATO. And as prepayment, the West for the favor could easily stop modernizing the nuclear shield of Russia.

In the past, the commander of the RVSN, Marshal Igor Sergeev saw this danger better than many. And almost the entire meager defense budget of the country sent for several years only on one thing - the creation of the Russian strategic rocket to the last rivet. So in 1997, "Topol-M" was born.

Thus, on the finally distraught Ukraine, we could no longer look around. And the fact that the rocket of the new complex transported still not Russian, and the Belarusian tractor MZKT-79221, at first did not cause special concern. Moscow and Minsk publicly declared their intentions to create a full-fledged union state. With a single currency, parliament and something else there. And what are the scores between the faithful allies?

But the real steps of politicians turned out to be such that with this promising project somehow did not immediately lie down. Mutual reproaches were copied, to hide them in both capitals was becoming more difficult. The Union of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus increasingly resembled a simple declaration and a demagogic cover for the official "cut" generous budget funds. In Moscow, worried: it came out that first Mobile "Topol-M", and then and its development - "Yar" we built. But if you suddenly unpredictable leader of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, once again decide to show his cool nest, - then new intercontinental ballistic missiles at least lay out on the asphalt.

The decision proposed by the Russian side looked simple and logical. We asked for the Batka to sell us a Minsk plant of wheel tractors. Moreover, it is hardly 90 percent of its products and this is what Moscow buys. And at least 70 percent - within the framework of the Russian state hospital.

On MZKT machines, not only our "Poplar" with "Yarsa" ride. The model range of this unique enterprise created during the time of the USSR is now unusually wide. In addition to eight-axis MZKT-79221, there are tractors and smaller. As a result, it was precisely for them that started starting installations, antenna posts and cabins of anti-aircraft missile systems C-300PS / PM and C-400 "Triumph", launchers of jets of nasal lights "Tornado" and "Tornado", Mobile Coastal Anti-Develop complex "Bastion", RK-55 winged missiles, cars of the coastal artillery complex "Coast", transport vehicles For anti-lamp 53Т6 "Amur". Finally, on the MZKT-7930 wheel chassis, weighing 42 tons and the manufacturer of 19 tons is resting both the famous operational-tactical missile complex "Iskander". Therefore, the dependence of our army from Minsk in rocket weapons was simply critical.

As previous events showed, Lukashenko understood perfectly well that in this matter Moscow he has a very tough and short leash. And decided not to be made. The price was launched simply presenter. Some data are 3 billion dollars. At the same time, experts in Moscow argued that for 2 billion "green" such a plant can be put anywhere. Even in the pure field.

Yes, it may be possible to deliver. But where to get experts? First of all, the design school, which in Minsk has fallen more than half a century? In general, the severity of these problems Moscow could be killed. But it only added Azart in the auction to our strategic ally. The plant in Minsk was sold as potatoes at the fair.

In 2016, the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev commented on these "friendly arms" so: "With this MZKT of a fun story. For three years they sold this MZKT, but so we did not agree anything ... if they do not want to sell - we do not need, we will set the production on KamaZ. "

Lukashenko responded literally immediately: "The Russian Federation is very active in this direction:" We want, we want to sell this plant to us. " When we start to call the price - they wide open eyes. Then I say: "Goodbye" ... the plant can be built, the walls are inexpensive, the equipment can be bought, and the loans will give those who produce equipment. But people teach work on this equipment and in these walls, create a school in order to get a quality product - it is not even years, and this is decades. "

Batka immediately traveled to MZKT and the result was already in his walls: "We are frightened that Russia, they say, inventing its" Sorry-shoes "and there will be nuclear warheads to transport on their own - and on health! If they have brains today and the money they do not have - let them invent! ".

Here on the background in 2008, we began to create on the chamber our own superagachi for rocket weapons. Without a doubt, it really turned out to be a matter of almost unbearable. And the money is probably the project swallowed just a buzz. Because the task was to make a tractor for "strategists" by 2015. And they coped with her, it turns out, only now.

Came to the concern "Almaz-Antei", producing the best Russian anti-aircraft rocket Systems. For their C-300 and S-400 there in 2016 bought Bryansk automotive factory, the main Russian manufacturer of heavy trucks. The BAZ-6909 tractor with the 8 × 8 wheel formula is selected by the basic elements of the C-400 complex on the wheel chassis. And in the future - and C-500 "Prometheus".

Over the development of its own chassis for autonomous starting attitudes of mobile primer complexes of the rocket troops of the strategic appointment, together with KamAZ, earned a research test center of the automotive technology of the 3rd Central RF MO. Experienced work was called "Platform-O".

What exactly was to do? This is in the "type of military equipment for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the 2011-2020" approved by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2012. In the document, such machines were announced in the document: a special wheel chassis with a carrying capacity of 85 tons (KAMAZ-7850), a wheel formula 16 × 16; Special wheel chassis with a lifting capacity of 60 tons (KAMAZ-78509), wheel formula 12 × 12; Semi-trailer truck for semi-trailer weighing 90 tons (KAMAZ-78504), 8 × 8 wheel formula; Ballast tractor for trailer weighing 75 tons (aircraft on the airfield - 400 tons; KAMAZ-78508), 8 × 8 wheel formula.

From the very beginning, a fundamentally different direction of the design of cars was chosen than in Minsk. Without clutch, gearbox, dispensing boxDrive shafts, differentials. Instead of them - diesel electrical drives with electric motors, which are built into the wheel hubs. Such a scheme allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds and even in different directions. What greatly increases the permeability and maneuverability of the tractor.

Nowhere in the world to make a similar one has managed. And on Kamaz, all the problems have overcome. Although with great delay. As a result, 8-axis-7850 shown at the "Army 2018" for a quick complete reversal, as it turned out, the site is enough of the size of only 20 to 20 meters. He simply clings to her like a crab.

Other characteristics of the new Russian tractor are also impressive. Almost everything is higher than the Belarusians. Speed \u200b\u200b- 60 km / h Against 40 km / h, the greatest depth of overcome fodder - 1.5 meters versus 1.1 meters, the largest angle of overcome lifting - 20 degrees against 10 degrees.

For mobile missile sets of strategic destination, which patrol, as a rule, in deserted, almost roads and poorly developed areas, is very important.

But what will happen to a unique Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant, the needs in which Russia is less and less? What will happen to his staff, which, as claimed, has about 4.5 thousand people and works almost exclusively to our market? To ask about this Minsk residents should be obviously not to know Lukashenko's economic battles.

Alexander Grigorievich, by the way, it seems, has already found a new sales market. As you know, Ukraine is now might and main to create its own operational and tactical complex "Thunder-2" in order to try to install Moscow with it. Closed as an awning self-propelled mock-up "Thunder-2" in the lenses cameras first got in May last year. And in the rushed on the road, the tractor was immediately identified by the Minsk MZKT-79292 with a carrying capacity of 35 tons. So if we assume that in some miracle otfun "Thunder-2" Kiev will ever bring to mind, - the contribution of our closest ally to this event is not decisive, then very significant.

By the way, did you notice? - empty conversations about the Union State recently less and less. And it is neither good nor bad. Simply - the reality, from which not to escape neither Moscow nor Minsk.

Which began to release at the plant in Pitesti in 2004. This was preceded by the purchase of the Romana Romanian brand Dacia and the development of a new budget platform for emerging markets. Price finished car It should not exceed 5,000 euros in the basic configuration, and this imposed certain limitations on the engineers. Stopped on the most popular front-wheel drive layout with cross-location power aggregate. Quite a few ready-made solutions borrowed from others serial models: McPherson front suspension and rear - elastic H-shaped beam - Renault Clio, Motors and Boxes - at Megan. The main stage of development fell on computer simulation, which made it possible to reduce the time and expenses for R & D, and "transitional" Romanian models of Dacia Nova and Solenza.

Despite the simplicity ( basic equipment even an amplifier steering wheel) and ardent appearance, Logan bribed spacious in comparison with more age classmates salon and trunk, indifference to the quality of roads and simplicity of construction.

The most compact

In short, everyone is model Row, which is based on the platform B0, has become hatchback Renault. Sandero. In Romania, naturally, under the brand name Dacia - they were mastered in 2007, Sundero's Moscow residence was received in 2009. The life cycle of this model turned out to be noticeably shorter - in Russia, production turned in the late 2014th, having time to release without small 200 thousand cars.

Clearance, corners of entry, exit and ramps, the possibility of force to block the drive clutch rear wheels Turn Duster in a decent "passing". Although Duster base is a little more than Logan, the spaces for the knees of the rear passengers at least. But thanks to the greater width, the crossover is spacious in the shoulders. Because those who infrequently moves from the asphalt choose the front-wheel drive Duster as a spacious wagon with a high landing driving.

Factory special cars - ZSA (previously part of PJSC "KAMAZ") completes the state tests of the heavy trucks of the "Platform-O" family, which will later become a basic chassis for the launchers of intercontinental ballistic missiles "Yar" and "Rubezh".

About this during the work of the exhibition "Army-2016" "Izvestia" reported the General Design of Cars Danis Valeyev.

Machines are intended for the placement of heavy rocket complexes, during the tests all the cars of the family have fully confirmed the characteristics laid down in them, "said Danis Valeyev.

According to the specialist, the first two multi-axis tractors - KAMAZ-7850 with a wheel formula 16x16 and a carrying capacity of 85 tons and KAMAZ-78509 with a 50 tons with a loading capacity of 50 tons - will be adopted by the Russian Ministry of Defense this year. But the KAMAZ-78504 saddle tractor with the 8x8 formula (working with semi-trailers, connected to the machine by a special coupling mechanism), capable of transporting cargo weighing up to 16 tons, should replenish the automotive fleet of the Russian military department next year.

It is noteworthy that the "platform" became the first fully Russian family of super heavy tractors launched into mass production. Currently, the launchers of mobile strategic "poplas" and "yarsav", operational-tactical "Iskander" and the coastal "bastions" are installed on the chassis released by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (MZKT). At the same time, four-axle MAZ-537, also made in Belarus towards multi-axis combat machines in the Russian army.

The main feature of the "platform" is unique diesel-electric drives with electric motors embedded in the wheel hubs of the tractor.

The tractor of this family does not have a cardan shaft. A small but powerful and compact electric motor is installed on each wheel. The main diesel operates on an electric generator, which, in turn, does each electric motor feeds with electricity, "the representative of the Ministry of Defense, a familiar with the design of the newest tractors, told Izvestia. - Due to this decision, compared with the tractors of the usual scheme, no capacity and capacity increases, but also significantly improves the indicators of passability. And if there are even two-thirds of the wheels from the order, the car will retain mobility. Another plus is the lack of a cardan shaft, from which the mobility of the machine is very dependent.

On all tractors of the Platform family, completely domestic engines with a capacity of 850 to 1 thousand hp Production of KamAZ. Machines have an electrical transmission transmission, directly associated with electric motors facing each wheel of the machine.

We have installed an electron-remote control system, "said Danis Valeyev," this means that the steering wheel as such is in the cockpit, but the effort from it is not transmitted to the shaft, controlling the wheel with the rotation of the wheels, but on a special electronic sensor. From it the signal goes to a computer that distributes commands to all the wheels of the car for maneuver. This allows you to create special control algorithms.

On the unique capabilities of the chassis and control of the Machines of the Platform family, the fact that the 16-axis KAMAZ-7850 can turn around only 20 m of space.

To increase maneuverability, tractors are made by turning all the wheels. "Platforms" can move the "crab step", that is practically sideways when the car makes maneuver or rebuilding, without changing the position of the wheel, - explained the gender designer of cars. - Unique can be considered a hydropneumatic suspension "platform". It allows you to automatically change the clearance of the machine depending on which area it moves - off-road or highway.

In the summer of this year, information about serious problems accompanying the development and testing of the Platform family appeared in the Russian media. In particular, in electric motors, with a strong load on the wheels there was electrocuming. The deadline for the completion of the work on the Platform family has been shifted from 2020 to 2022, and the Ministry of Defense initiated the opening of a new development work on creating a super heavy tractor of the traditional scheme.

The Ministry of Defense of Russia does not comment on the course of testing and the possible adoption of the newest tractors. At the same time, as explained to Izvestia, an informed source in the military department, "Platform-O" is very serious and largely controversial technical project, and bringing a new family tractor, most likely will continue even after the completion of the tests.

Decades the main manufacturers of multi-axis specialized chassis for the Armed Forces Soviet UnionAnd then Russia were Kurgan and Minsk plants of the wheeled tractor. Machines of these enterprises are currently used in all kinds and types of armed forces. Russian FederationThey are operated in the rocket troops of strategic appointment, air defense and navy.

For example, MAZ-537 tractors perfectly showed themselves on numerous large-scale maneuvers. They enabled in special trailer brigades they provided unprecedented mobility of the tank parts of the Soviet Army for those times. What was worked out on the exercises was useful during the introduction of the Warsaw Troops in Czechoslovakia in August 1968. Then the T-54, T-55, T-62 moved to the specified areas not only by its own move, but also on special heavy trailers. Mazi was actively used during hostilities in Afghanistan and events in the North Caucasus.

The author of these lines was one of the author to see the work of the masses in Chechnya. During the first war, once even had to get from Grozny to the shorn in the cockpit of such a tank in the cockpit. On the trailer stood a wake-up baked T-72A, who has jammed the tower - the gun was turned to the left. And so that this tank can be transported, the fighters had to cut the trunk for the mask.

Unfortunately, economic turmoils led to the fact that the plant in Kurgan, since the beginning of the 60s released the well-proven tractors in the army, actually lost the possibility of the release of technology.

Enterprise in Minsk, which still supplies the main part of its products to Russia, despite a good reputation, has one, but a significant "disadvantage" in another state. Therefore, it is not surprising that at the turn of the current decade, it was decided to develop analogues of Belarusian machines in Russia.

The first open information about them was made public 4 years ago, while showing army automotive equipment in the Bronnitsy near Moscow.

On a special tablet with information about promising techniques, it was reported that the highly mobile platform will be performed according to the modular principle. Cabin, module is being developed for it. power plant, Unified hydraulic system of warning steering, systems of stress and braking. As well as - Vecistic steering, support and running module and electric motor-wheel.

About the last module should be mentioned especially - we are talking about a special diesel-electric drive with electric motors that are built into the wheels vehicle. According to experts, it was the creation of this node that became the most difficult in this project. And, if the MZKT has experience gained by decades, then in Russia a lot had to do what is called, with a clean sheet.

From the developed modules, as if from cubes, promising "multi-peas" should be collected. Bronnitsy told about three cars. This is, first of all, a tractor with a wheel formula 16x16 with a lifting capacity of more than 85 tons, which became a kind of base for the entire family. Judging by the image presented, this car It was supposed to be a base for launchers of strategic rocket troops. Now in this capacity, the Minsk Special Wheel Chassis MZKT-79221 is used, which "Toplar M" and the newest "Yar" are mounted.

The second family of the family is a six-axle all-wheel drive chassis with a lifting capacity of fifty tons. It can also be used as a base for promising strategic missile systems. Note that Belarusians have already created and openly demonstrated a similar chassis, which received the designation of MZKT-79291.

Saddle tractor capable of transporting cargo mass from 90 to 165 tons is considered the third car of this family. For a long time, four-axle MAZ-537 was used as a tractor of heavy road trains. Currently, these machines are considered in a number of characteristics outdated and replaced by conveyors with all-wheel drive tractors KAMAZ-65225, which could be seen during preparation for the anniversary parade on Red Square. According to experts, these tractors have enough high characteristicsBut to consider them as a full-fledged replacement "five hundredth trifles" is not worth it.

The need to adopt a new powerful tractor of high passability will exacerbate with the emergence of a heavy liquid-fuel missile complex, currently created within the framework of the Sarmat OCP. It is for the transportation of the rocket itself and other systems of the complex and a promising tractor created is useful.

The head performer of experimental work on the topic "Platform about" was KAMAZ OJSC.

It is worth noting that since the appearance of the first information on the development of promising "high-scale platforms" with enviser to regularity, they were subjected to different criticism. The opinion was expressed that if there are already existing Belarusian machines, the development of analogues in Russia is a waste of money. There were also materials about possible technical problemswho experienced constructors during the creation of cars. In this, by the way, there is nothing surprising, it happens completely and next to the development of new techniques.

Moreover, according to military experts, for a number of important characteristics: maximum speed Movement on the highway and the rough terrain, the depth of the bridge, loading capacity - the machines developed by KamAZ were to exceed the produced MZKTs. For example, if the MZKT-79221 carrying capacity is 80 tons, then the car from the embankments of the chelny is 5 tons.

What is "platform about" - real carIt became finally clear after the photograph of the experienced sample of the saddle tractor with the wheel formula 8x8 appears in the network. The photo is quite well visible machine with a cab of high capacity and modular booking.

Later, during the First International Military Technical Forum "Army-2015", it became known that within the framework of the exhibition there was a closed presentation of prototype of machines in the "Platform-O". At the same time, posters have become posters with the image of three cars of this family.

It can be said that thanks to the Forum "Army-2015" it became officially known that the platform with the wheel formula 16x16 with a carrying capacity of 85 tons is KAMAZ-7850, the car with a wheel formula 12x12 with a loading capacity of 50 tons - KAMAZ-78509, and the truck tractor has the designation of KAMAZ 78504.

According to military experts, after conducting successful tests and adoption by car, the "Platform O" family is treated with a long life in parts and compounds of the Russian army.