Electric car with your own hands with an asynchronous engine. Making a hybrid car with your own approximate cost

And it is necessary, for the alteration of a gasoline car into electric, all that is a bit, replace the engine engine to electric. As a master self-delicent master coped with this task, we learn from this article. He used to have already done such a car and it has a lot of material on this topic. For those interested, you can see a few videos. link . This is not an instruction in pure form, it is rather a direction pointer.

Tools and materials:
-Car;
- a great tool and equipment (keys, screwdrivers, drilling machine, etc.);
- electric train loader;
-Akomulators;
-Coupling;
-Controller;
-Prot;
-Jack;

Step One: Car
The first thing you need to do is choose the right car. They are not all equally suitable for alteration into an electric vehicle. It is necessary to something light and energy-efficient.

Heavier cars need more energy when driving, and thus batteries discharge faster. The same hydro or electric power steering and brakes, electric windows and electric windows are also needed. In general, it is necessary as little electric consuming devices.

As a result, the master acquired Geo Metro for $ 500. The engine worked fine, and the body was in good condition. The clutch did not work, but in the electric car it is not necessary, however, like a regular engine.

Step Two: Dismantling
It is necessary to remove everything related to the system. internal combustion Gasoline. Dismantle: benzobac, exhaust system, muffler, coil, starter, radiator, fueling, etc. Deleting all extra details will reduce weight and simplify the subsequent installation of the equipment. Airbags and other elements of passive and active protection Master did not touch.

If everything is neatly disassembled, you can sell parts to cover costs. The master bought a car for $ 500, but then sold the engine, a gas tank and a radiator for 550 dollars.

Step Three: Transition Plate
The engine is dismantled, but the regular box will be used in the future. The question is how to attach the motor to the gearbox? The master found a yield and made a transition plate from a piece of aluminum sheet. The master learned the gearbox from the car and then described it with a pencil and noted all the holes. Then cut the aluminum plate to the desired size and shape. The center of the drive shaft and the center of the transmission drive shaft must be perfectly combined.

Before screwing the engine and transmission together with the transition plate, you must make a coupling that will connect both shafts.

Step Four: Coupling
You can connect the engines and box shafts different waysBut the master decided to use a coupling from some mechanism.

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With such a connection, the car has worked all summer. Then there was a breakdown. The master thinks that the allegation was not completely observed. Then the coupling was a bit redone.

Step Fifth: Motor
The master bought his motor for $ 50 in a garage of some guy. It was a motor from forklift. The motor was very old and rusty, but workers. The master cleared it, removed the coil and sprayed the insulating epoxy resin on them, checked the bearings. Also replaced the brushes, collected everything together and painted.

Step Six: Battery
This car uses 6 batteries for 12V. These are real helium batteries DEKA DOMINATOR. They do not require maintenance. The Master was able to buy used batteries for 12 dollars per piece.

The disadvantage of these batteries is that they are demanding of charging. Master acquired charger At 72 V, intended for these batteries, for 200 dollars.

Four batteries are in the trunk of the car, and two are in front where there was a radiator before.
For the rear batteries, the master cut two parts of the bed frame so that they lay on the spare wheel, and secured the frame bolts to the car frame.

Bumper was dismantled to install the front batteries. Then the frame was welded and fixed on the site of the radiator. Now you need to install the batteries and put the bumper in place.

In the store, the wizard bought "Power Input Charger". This is an electrical connector with a rubber lid. Since the benzobak has already been removed, it is the connector in the place of the throat of the gas tank.

Batteries charge during night.

In the future, the master changed the battery configuration. The maximum number of batteries 12 pieces that gave the master 144 V. On these batteries, he was able to accelerate to 117 km / h.

It also works on the heater for batteries in the winter.

Step seventh: Controller
The controller is an important part of an electric vehicle. The controller is an electronic unit that adjusts the operation of the electric motor.

The wizard uses the peak CURTIS PWM controller for 400 A, designed for use with sequentially on engines. It can operate ranging from 48 to 72V.
The larger the current, the better the acceleration (thrust) will be. The higher the voltage, the better maximum speed and the economy of the car.

The 72 V controller turned out to be a good compromise value and efficiency. The master bought it on E-Bay for 300 dollars.
To connect, follow the schemes available from the controller manufacturer to connect the batteries to the controller and the engine, use thick cables, such as welding cable.

As a throttle, the master uses a 5-com potentiometer. The potentiometer is installed in a bundle with a regular gas pedal.

Step eighth: Results
This car can drive 32 km on charging, and has a maximum speed of 75 km / h. This is quite enough for a trip to work and back. If necessary, you can add batteries.

This project cost a master of about $ 1,200, including the purchase of a car. If the master did everything himself, he would have spent only $ 800 for everything. This car is charged in a private house of the wizard through a renewable energy program. All electricity comes from wind, biogas and other renewable energy sources.

How we did electric vehicle 2

and here it is - continued .....

On the first car, we rode two seasons (now she dust in the garage). At first, she seemed so beautiful, now soberly assessing her appearance, we are terrifying. The son has grown, a look at the aesthetic side of the car was changed, maybe what other reasons, but the car-1 was no longer suitable, but I want to ride ... Money for parents as usual no (no, we are not greedy, just prices rose again). In short, it's time to make a car-2.

There were several nuances:
1. The machine should be as big as possible and powerful and at the same time enter the usual elevator, passing the door to the ordinary apartment and be easy.
2. Consult a little energy.
3. To be beautiful.
4. Other incompatible requirements.
5. The total power of the engines is at least 180 watts.
6. Having experience of the machine-1 was decided - brakes necessarily.
7. Smooth "gas", i.e. We needed an electronic engine adjustment scheme.
8. Inflatable wheels.

First, the wheels were purchased. Wheels from a conventional garden trolley. Selected in appearance, size and weight. It was today in the market and bought the wheels for the diameter machine - 350 mm width - 80 mm Weight - approximately 600 grams One (i.e., surprisingly lung ... what you need) two bearings. For 4 pieces they asked 2000 rubles .... gave for 1800 ... well, there are simply no words ..... and this green creation (in the sense of toad) .... Oh. The more children, the more expensive toys. Now he opened the wheels (which bought for 450 rubles), looked at the bearings ..... There are no words from indignation. Huge backlash, poor-quality iron (conventional nails can be made deep scratch), noise when moving .... sucks full But not the bearings will have to spend money and buy 8 new bearings .... And these are an additional rubles 250. Yes, the Chinese bearings are ..... well, in short, I did not expect this. I bought 8 bearings 204 for wheels, 4 - 101 for suspension, 3 - 100 for brakes - just gave 290 rubles. Bearings were satisfied - there are no backlash and nails do not scratch. Then the engines were chosen. Given all the accumulated knowledge and environment in the area of \u200b\u200bavailability in the market of engines, stopped on the cooling system engines from a passenger car.

250 watt (very tempting in power) from the UAZ or "Volga" did not come up for two reasons. 1. Expensive (1000 rub. Piece). 2. Current consumed - pretty much big.

There were 110 watt from the vase, they bought for 450 rubles. per piece

After buying engines, the question was, but how will the torque on the wheels will be transmitted?

After numerous experiments, it was decided that the rubber ribbon carved from the chamber of the passenger car. And therefore, at the factory, Tokar were ordered pulleys on the wheels and on the engine. According to the drawing of the drawing. The mouth of the stained with me, and from the iron sheet with the help of the machine and the burner made it pulleys.

I want to warn those who will repeat my acts. As it turned out, for a flat transfer, barrel-shaped pulleys are needed, otherwise the belt crashes out from the pulleys ... I didn't want to redo anything and got out and got out of this situation cutting one wide strap on 4 thin

What to do with engine speed control? I ordered the brightness regulator of incandescent lamps 12 V / 50 A - NM4511 ... asked 250 rubles. They promised to bring maximum for two weeks.

This controller operates in a pulse mode, exactly the same mode on the screwdrivers. Received engine control set.
first impressions - and this snot will control the engines in 600 watts ???
Now I will not do and do not understand - I will not believe.

The whole car was improved by the use of engines as a regulator added some elements. The power transistor was planted on the radiator from the processor.

The steering wheel .... There was a small steering wheel ... where to take it?
All sorts of dooms thought, but I had to go to the car market to fork out at500 rubles. on a real sports steering wheel from a real car.

Now about the important - brakes. At first, disk from bicycles thought, but their price is 1400 per set ... And so it would be chic
i had to look for a cheaper option ... and it was seen on the factory 4-wheel adult bike - the wheels are hung in simple pressing of the plank to rubber wheels on top.

Now it is necessary to buy plywood, bolts more, radio components, sensors ... well, there is a lot of things and small ... And some in our city will not find anything - it is necessary to order. Summarize the pedals ..., buy paints, work, horror in short.

But it is already possible to boil the frame!

Put and slowly assemble the car ...

Electroshem is also paid not one day ...

After unpacing extra and processing, the file was lucky in the garage ...

This is already in the garage (Momka children drove out of the house, so that they did not stink the paint) the car. It remains to pull the pieces of the rubber hose on the bumper (expensive dog)

and install a cycle computer (shows the speed passed by .... and a bunch of all data ... The wheel size is adjusted, so it shows quite accurately),

and put the battery 75 a / h.,

and Creation - Machine-2 ready!

It happens to my son together ride on it - i.e. Load under 100 kg.

Cars familiar to us working on gasoline are gradually moving into the background. This is caused by the fact that electric cars are gaining increasing popularity in society. Indeed, machines operating from electricity are easier to make, use and manage them. In addition, the car of this type does not pollute the atmosphere of fuel combustion products, and therefore protects the environment. Given all the advantages of the electric vehicle, the problem of its independent production becomes relevant.

Make an electric vehicle - means creating a wonderful replacement of a gasoline machine . With the help of modern technologies, it is very easy to solve the problem of fuel costs. After all, once putting a round sum of money on the elements of your electric vehicle, in the future save significantly more on the fuel.

Today, many car giants produce electric vehicles or hybrid machines. But their cost is not available for wide masses, so the creation of a car operating on an electric engine is the ideal way out for everyone to buy it.

How to make an electric car? Where to begin?

So, you firmly decided to create a car with an electric engine with your own hands? Then it is necessary to acquire some components of the future mechanism. Firstly, car. A certain model that serves as the base of the future electric vehicle. That is, the creation of a machine running on electricity, with their own hands - re-equipment, and not making from scratch.

Secondly, electrical engine. Natural is that an electric vehicle cannot exist without a heart.

Thirdly, batteries of their charging and housing. Electric vehicle must be used. With this task, it will cope with the ease of batteries.

Fourth, voltage control and synchronizers. Your invention can only function on the electrical current of a certain voltage. His permanent drops can lead to short circuit and completely increasing the electric vehicle.

Fifth, Electro gas. Since the car and its work are built according to a different principle, a special pedal needs, which will move your final invention.

It will be advisable to consider each component of the future electric vehicle.

Model cars

The base of your future car can be almost any car. For this, small cars are best suited, because one of the characteristics of the electric car is ease. This property directly affect the size and material of the base car.

It is best for the role of the foundation for creating an electric vehicle, our VAZ, Zaporozhets, Oka and Slavuta, as well as foreign FIAT 126 and small ages, released until 2000.

You can create a specific body with your own hands, but consider that this is a time-consuming and expensive undertaking.

Heart of electric car

The electric motor must be purchased taking into account the dimensions of the machine and the way it is connected to the car.

If such an engine is connected to the gearbox, even the motor with a small power will come true. 5-7 Kilowatt is enough to move the car from the scene. If the connection of the electric motor is carried out through the main bridge, then you need a motor powerful. There is a pattern: the engine power directly depends on the dimensions and weight of the machine. The intimid electric motor on a small machine will provide the speed of movement not more than 75-80 km / h, when connected to the gearbox.

It is worth noting that electricity costs are independent of the power of the motor and the distance traveled. Dependence is only from the speed of the ride. The faster the car drives, the faster the battery is discharged. So feel free to choose a motor power.

Battery

When creating a new generation car with your own hands, stop your choice on lithium battery. It is this kind of power supply that can function without recharging at a speed of 80 km / h for 5 hours. Such batteries are quite alive - on average, 5 years can work. But, the energy of lithium filler is not cheap.

More economical option are lead batteries. They will serve less than two years, and function during the intensive movement of only about an hour.

To extend the battery life, you need to select them in the right volume. Small power supplies die before, due to severe wear, as quickly and completely discharged when the car moves. Therefore, it is more profitable to buy a large energy carrier with an extensive resource.

Heating

If, creating an electric vehicle with your own hands, you plan to use it in the cold seasons, it is worth thinking about the heating system.

Great electricity machine - expensive pleasure. In such conditions, the charged battery is not enough even for the implementation of one trip. Based on this, it is worth installing a heater running on gasoline or seats heating system. For electrical engineering it is better to buy a separate battery.

Power regulator

Power regulator is one of the main components of the electric vehicle that adjusts the engine thrust. The most reliable devices from American manufacturers. You can get a cheaper analogue from China.

The controller needs to be selected taking into account the power of the current. For daily travel, you can purchase a standard, 150 volt device.

In addition, in an electric vehicle, created by your own hands, you need to connect the converter with identical functions instead of the generator.

How to make an electric vehicle: instruction

To productively and quickly work, attract others to your vest. The help of acquaintances and friends will never hurt, and if they also have useful knowledge and skills, the result will exceed all the expectations! If you yourself have enough knowledge in the field of engineering, mechanics and can cope with everything, the process will go much faster with friends;

Make an algorithm and work plan, which should be accurately followed. And also create drawings and schemes of the future electric vehicle and prepare the necessary materials and tools;

• Get out of cars gas engine And everything that is not a place in a car running from electricity;

Install the electric motor and connect the gearbox to it. Prepare a space for batteries, set power supplies in the back of the car and connect them. Create wiring and plug in instruments and a voltmeter;

Connect emergency brakes, vacuum pump, converter, control, etc. Power cables should be paved under the bottom of the car, so you will pre-make a few brackets;

Create a platform for power sources in front of the machine. Install the batteries, fill the oil into the transmission.

Check out the devices: 12 volts when igniting, vacuum pump, converter at 96 volt nutrition. Check the engine operation at a voltage of 12 volts. If everything works - the car succeed!

Children's electric vehicles

You can create your own electromashin for your own child, but is it necessary? Today there are many children's cars running from the battery. They are beautiful, bright, comfortable and practical in use.

Deciding, of course, you. But to buy a children's electric car is much more profitable than to make it.

Cost

Picture independent manufacture The electric vehicle will be incomplete without describing the cost of its production. If we take into account the cost of all components of the future electromashint, then it turns out 5000-8000 dollars. But all this amount pays off during the operation of the electric vehicle for 2 years.

Therefore, if you have appropriate skills, opportunities and desire, you can try to make electric vehicles with your own hands. After all, this is the future of all vehicles.

conclusions

If you are tired of unstable fuel prices and expensive maintenance Auto, you can create electric vehicle with your own hands.

Electric vehicle - a machine operating from an electric motor that functions from batteries, in contrast to common gasoline cars. Movement machine is based on electricity. The essential advantage of such a car is that it can be charged from standard voltage using a normal outlet. Thus, you can save, since electrical energy today is much cheaper than fuel. It is easy to maintain an electric vehicle, as it is not necessary to monitor the level of oil and antifreeze and periodically replace them.

On such a car, it is very convenient to move around the city. The constant shift of the relief increases the fuel consumption, and the discontinuous movement does not affect the electric car.

The electric car gradually begins movement and sinks due to a small number of elements that move. Such a car does not pollute the atmosphere of fuel combustion products. This is the transport of the future!

D. vigator Bulgarian pumping 6,5kw 75 volt

Batteries CSB 125AH 7pcs

WEBASTA BBW46 4,6KW Stove

Electromobile on the basis of "Tavria" of 1994 release. The electric vehicle is made according to the following scheme:

On the native PPC is naked through the original adapter traction electric motor from the Bulgarian electric car.

Main characteristics :
Voltage 96 V 100 A / hour
Engine electric vehicle 5 kW (at 58 a)
Control: PWM controller 120 V, 400 A
Speed \u200b\u200bup to 70 km / h.
Power reserve up to 80 km.
Electric vehicle batteries - Starter Italian Aktiva, they allow a deep discharge. However, after analyzing the situation with the use of starter batter on an electric car, you can come to the natural conclusion that they do not pay off as traction!

Control unit - PWM controller is assembled according to the original scheme of its own design. Voltage up to 120V, current up to 400a, current limitations, protection from the MOSFET linear mode.
Scheme of a simple controller

Electric car "Tavriya - Electro" (upgrades). Project №2.

The basis of the new project to modernize the electric vehicle was acquired by me through the Internet used on the basis electric motor Advanced D.C. Motors 8 "4001A 15 kW 6000 Bd / min, peak power 60 kW Weight 50 kg.

Included also: Controller Curtis PMC Models 1231C 550 A, 120 V.
DC-DC Converter Todd PC40-LV 14 V. 40 A and onboard charger Zivan 3 kW 108 V. It is conveniently located on the back of the rear seat of an electric vehicle.

Began to carry out the balancing coupling on the basis of the standard clutch of Tavria.
Why is the clutch stay in the electric car? Because it is the perfect coupling, from the point of view of the transfer of high moment, at the same time ensures the flexibility of the connection and as a result, an increase in the life of bearings.

Photos of the electromotive knots make a cellular camera, on this request not to scold for quality ;-))
I post the factory scheme of the power part of the electric vehicle:

He took out the old motor. It can be seen how the transitional coupling

The controller is located on the place of the standard radiator

To accurately center the engine of an electric vehicle with a box, a centering sleeve was made on the base of the spline part from the standard clutch of the Tavria.

For the centering, I put the box in a vertical position and put the engine on the slot box from above.
After that, I turn on the engine at 12 V and achieve the easiest rotation together with the box.

After that, drill the holes through the engine washer plan - in the box radially, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tie bolts and drove the guide pins in the openings (as in the clutch basket).

The next step to drive holes for tie bolts. The engine joint with the electric vehicle is completed. Next - Production of the coupling.

The coupling is finalized. Static and dynamic clutch balancing assembly.
Engine and box are closed and ready to install in motor compartment Electric vehicle.

Well, finally the unit assembly moved to the Motor compartment of Tavria
and ..... how much he is less native, so much he is more powerful !!!

And now, finally acquired batteries .. 9 pieces 12 B 120 A / hour Chinese helium-free with 15 years of service in the stationary mode and up to 300 deep discharge cycles, 500-600 50% cycles and up to 1200 30% cycles.

Conducted track tests. At the speed of electric vehicles 60km / h Current consumption 40-50 A, theoretically 120-130 km stroke reserve. At 90 km / h TK-75 A. The dynamics of the electric vehicle is good, overtaking are easy.

Maximum speed on 4th gear 130-135 km / h C currents with this 250 A.
The layout of the electric car finished completely. The charger moved to the back of the driver's seat, and the 14 V converter in the engine compartment.

Now I am preparing a battery pack for the rear battery pack. In the trunk of an electric vehicle, around the perimeter of the finished box, the bottom is swelled.

Box with batteries fall into place of the standard gas tank, and the trunk will remain actually the same.

Because of excessive approximately 130 kg of weight, the number of electric vehicles is reduced to 4x. All regular nodes have remained factory execution (brakes without a vacuum amplifier from the factory).

At the start during the competition, when all the cars in several rows are built up in front of the white line, this cards are easily lost among the fellows. The same wheels who are familiar to the view of the seat and the steering wheel ... That's just the engine does not make it up of deafening shooting sounds, but it works with barely audible buzz. This is simply explained - on the map instead of the internal combustion engine there is an electric motor, powered by a friend of a lead battery ... Yes, we have the first electrocartes in the country (Fig. 1). It is created in Kharkov automotive - the road institute, where the first sports electric car and the first sports electric motor vehicle were built and tested. Family "Hadi - electro "on testing and during sports competitions showed itself from the best side. Thus, on the electromotive HATI-11E in 1973, three all-union speed records were established, one of which exceeded the international one. But back to the electrocarty. When it is created, Kharkov designers have used ready-made ordinary cards, about how to build such cards, the magazine "modelist-designer" wrote more than once. You can take for this purpose and standard Maps "Estonia K-5" or Ak-2 of the Leningrad Plant of Sports Shipbuilding.

Re-equipment of the usual card to electric comes down mainly to replacing the engine. DC electric motor R-2500 (2,5 kW power, current consumption 40 ... 100 A, voltage - 24 V, nominal speed \u003d 1800 rpm) mounted to the back of the frame of the map of the map hinged to be able to shift it in 40 mm limits for tensioning chain transmission. You can also use a low power engine (up to 1 kW), but be sure to direct current, with consistent excitation. It is desirable that the selected electric motor has a reverse, that is, it could change the direction of rotation. On the motor shaft is put on a small leading asterisk (12 teeth). Large slave (27 teeth) is fixed on the drive axis. Both stars are connected by a motorcycle chain. fromstep 12.7 mm.

Methods for attaching an asterisk on the shaft of the electric motor depend on the design of the tree itself. If he is a slotted, then the asterisk is planted straight on the shaft. The electrical power supply of the DC motor is carried out from lead-type batteries with a rated voltage of 12 or 24 V. The battery, located behind the seat or side of the driver, is attached to the nest from the steel corner of 15x15 mm. The more batteries, the longer the mileage without recharging. The experience of operating the Hadi electrocartes showed that at a voltage 12 to the maximum speed, the card was equal to 20 km / h, at 24 V reached 50 km / h. For remote engine power on, the K-600 contactor is used. It works equally well both at a voltage of 12 V and at a voltage of 24 V. If the contactor cannot be obtained, it can be replaced with a powerful homemade switch. At the same time, it is necessary to consult with an electrical specialist, because it is necessary not only to correctly select the cross section of tires and wires, but also securely isolate the switch from the metal frame map. Electrical circuit (Fig. 2) The card is not of great difficulty. It has two current circuits. The first is the control circuit: Battery B, button Starting KNP, contactor R & SUND switch RS.

The second chain is a power, which also includes a battery B, contacts power COP, anchor (s) of an electric motor (M), a reversible switch (if there is such) and a shunt RSh. The reversing switch is used for an electric motor having a reverse. Then the electrocartes can move forward and backward. The 1st position of the contacts corresponds to the 1st position of contacts, backwards on the reduced scheme. The inclusion of the electrical circuit occurs when the "Gas" pedal is pressed, which is connected to the KNP switch. At the same time, the control current (low current) from the battery B through the shunt. RS is fed to the contactor coil R. Passing its winding, the small current closes the power contacts of the COP, and the power current (100 - 200 A) from the battery falls into the anchor winding, the engine winding and the reversing switch B, if there is. The control of the degree of discharge of the battery is carried out using an ammeter A, which is turned on parallel to the RS shunt (the shunt should be calculated on the current 100 A), to reduce the current passing through the control device.

The reverse lever "Forward-back" is installed on the steering column. The electrocartic speed is automatically adjustable, depending on the load. Hadi electrocartes have one undeniable advantage: noiselessness and lack of harmful exhausts of waste gas. This opens up new opportunities before karting: allows you to use covered platforms and rooms for competitions. Such a direction in the development of the kart will undoubtedly contribute to its further popularization and an increase in the skill of young attacks.

Fig. 1. Electrocartes:1 - tires, 2 - disc brake, 3 - rechargeable battery (rear accommodation option), 4 - safety arc, 5 - anatomical seat, 6 - steering wheel, 7 - Control Pedals, 8 - tie Rod, 9 - Rama, 10 - Chain Transfer, 11 - Electric Motor, 12 - Contactor.

Fig. 2. Electrical diagram Map Hadi:COP - Power contacts, M - electric motor, I - anchor, oh - excitation winding, KNP - Start button (switch), P - contactor winding, in - reversible switch, RS shunt, b - battery.

Recall the story:

End of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries - the first self-deviating crews with steam engines of internal combustion and (well, well) electric! By the way, the first line of speed in 100km / h overcame the electric car. However, then ravings developed faster and by the beginning of the 30s electric vehicles were forgotten.

Let's see the day today. Since 1988, Toyota has been producing auto-electric vehicle (model Prius). The essence is as follows: you sit down the car, turn the key, translate the control lever to the "Drive" position and immediately (!) Start moving. What are you going - you don't know. Usually, small trips occur on the electric shirt. When the machine "understands" that the batteries sat down, she itself turns the gasoline engine and charges the battery. There is an emergency case - if the batteries are satisted, there is no gasoline - you pull the red handle in the trunk and (o, miracle!) Batteries are charged, you can go.

Such a situation was described in us, where for 4 years such a hybrid mobile is studied. Came across this model and on secondary market Auto (approximately $ 8.5 thousand for 98? 99g.v.). Such developments have GM, and Europe has a lot of small (1-2-local) electrical hybrids used in green areas or, simply, in the golf courses.

Let's go back to the dominant personality of the author of the site - the desire to save.

Paying $ 8.5 thousand for the right Japanese miracle - the hand does not rise, and the wallet does not allow, and how much time, forces and money will cost to collect on their own TC on the electric shirt in the simplest version:

Estimation: 1.Kuz (at bridges, plastic, homemade, with documents) - $ 1000. - Pay attention to the weight of the design. My without the engine and the battery weighs 350kg. It is important. - A homemade plastic car is not such a big rarity, as it may seem at the beginning. More recently - in early August in the newspaper "From hand to hand" in the "Other" section, was sold. Who seeks will always find! (In the end, itches).

2. Calon. Two front seats from the car Porsche 924, pillow rear seat From Toyota Supra, 4m2 carpet from the store and all this is missed through the workshop on sewing covers (all sites B.U.) - $ 400. - Your fantasy may be limitless: in the country the mass of valuable wood, beautiful skin and very expensive acoustic tissues.

3.Silic unit (B.U.). Engine from a written off and almost completely ruined Bulgarian loader (3.6 kW, 84 V, 1400 rpm, 24 Nm) - $ 200. - I would prefer to use the engine 10 kW, 120 V - $ 650 - new, under warranty. (Anyone Supply Spare Parts for Loaders).

4.Akb. Seven pieces (12 V? 200 Ah), starter, Italian. In the wholesale firm - 2600 rubles / pcs, in the store - 4000 rubles / pc. - Do not try to use domestic battery - the nominal capacity you will only receive a few first time (lead for the battery should be from fresh ore, and not EE repulpring old batteries, but in our country there are no lead ores, in any case for the manufacturers of AKB). - Ideally, you need to use traction acb for loaders, but the price is 3 times higher! Why the battery is worth $ 80 for the car, and for a loader (equal capacity) - $ 250, guess yourself (not difficult).

5. The wheels are smaller width (rolling friction should be reduced to min) However, its standard load defense is indicated on the wheel, count, choose with a slight margin. The engine control unit. Options: 1) from the loader is new, relay, by 6 speeds - $ 400. 2) Thyristor with smooth regulation - $ 1100. 3) A huge reostat is the grandfathers on the Mitinsky Radine Station (you will be the only one to whom it will need) - several bottles of universal currency.

5) Personally, at 110% of the promotion of email friends, try to build the electronic unit Control. It turns out - I'll tell you.

The flange, the engine and transmission (in my case - PPC VAZ 2101). Made in the right place - the company "Kardan-Balance" - $ 70. It is better to do this thing from professionals who know the automotive specifics - will tell if it is possible to do with a rubber clutch or insert a cross or still like ...

Plan-washer - engine connection and gearbox. I managed to make it yourself, but the accuracy should not be worse than 0.2 mm, or you will install the bearing primary Vala KPP and engine bearings.

TOTAL: 3000 $ spent approximately.

300 hours of working time of one central engineer qualification. He is a welder, he is a locksmith, he is electric. For this money and time I have: Machine 850 kg Weight (4 local), Akb 84 V x 200 A · h, Mileage 200 km. Speed: 60 - 75 km / h in a straight line, up to 90 km / h Brief (for overtaking) or under the hill. 35 km / h is rolled and accelerated to this velocity of 12%.

Technical and economic substantiation. The number of transcharge cycles to full capacity with proper use - 800 times (in advanced Italian, for reasonable money). 800 times x 200 km \u003d 160,000 km. The cost of one charging given to 1 km of the path.

(200 A x 84 c) / (1000 n) x C \u003d 25 rubles N - CPD charge \u003d 60% (0.6) C - cost 1 kWh · h (90 kopecks)

So: 12.5 kopecks / km. The cost of the battery, given to 1 km of the track. (2600 rub · 7 pieces) / 160 000 km \u003d 11.4 kopecks / km. Total 24 kopecks.

Primer VAZ 2101 with a flow rate of 8 l / 100 km, Ai 92 (10 rubles / l) 80 rubles / 100 km \u003d 80 cop / km.

Add here to regular oil replacement, filters, carburetor adjustment, ignition valves, cap. Engine repair, finally ... How much did it work out? 1.2 rubles / km and 24 kopecks / km.

In 5 (five) times cheaper, gentlemen! 5 times !!!

Any questions?

One question I will foresee: "Where did you give the erected money?"

Another prime question: what will say traffic police?

Answer: I don't know yet. But there are electric cars in us, they drove on the roads. There are also electromotive at AZLK (2 models). Vases somehow, 20 years ago, ride in Moscow rechargeable. UAZ for military hospitals existed with electric motors. And even there was a car- (pardon) of the electric hole. Now there is a truck ZIL electric with very good parameters. Were they, eat, drive ... what, strictly speaking, my car is worse?

So, you decided to build an electric vehicle. We can congratulate you with this scinting.
But before selecting aggregates for the future e-mobile, it is necessary to clearly decide the "technical intent" of E-Mobile. This idea is formed from the following items:

-Koo e-mobile. Options:
- Standard body from a car factory manufacture. Pros: minimum quantity or complete absence of alterations in a "tin" direction; Standard type of E-Mobile, respectively - the minimum attention of traffic police officers to your e-mobile; The possibility of building E-Mobile "one person" over a short time. Cons: High probability of unsuccessful arregates inside; Heavy weight.
- homemade body. Pros: endless field for the creativity of the appearance and layout of E-Mobile; less weight; the possibility of using composite materials and non-standard nodes to improve the design and challenges; An extraordinary view that differs from the main flow of vehicles. Cons: advanced tools, in most cases not common in even advanced homemade workshops; Increased labor intensity and customer qualifications requirements; Increased attention of traffic police officers to E-mobile and appropriate - the smaller probability of registering your e-mobile with issuing license plates.

-Sile aggregate, Consists of a source of electricity with a regulator of consumption, electric motor and mechanical transmission.
- Source of electricity. Options:
-rechargeable batteries. You should take into account the mode of operation, operating temperatures, capacity, cost, sizes and weights.
- supercapacitors (ionistors). The same requirements as rechargeable batteries.
- Generators. There are several types of electricity generators. The main difference of generators from other sources is the production of electricity in a manner comprising mechanical energy conversion. At the moment there are gasoline-diesel-gas (fuel) generators, thermal generators together with peltier elements, molecular engines and many other species.
- regulating power consumption of the device. Under such you can understand the regulators and voltage converters, current regulators. The main required characteristics depends on the parameters of the electrodel and other consumers of electricity.
- Electric motors. The required characteristics for each case are extremely individual. The only thing that can be advised is to choose the engine more powerful than necessary (within reasonable: for E-Mobile Weighing to one ton for sure overclocking with the use of gearbox and movement at a speed of up to 100kmch is quite enough electric motor of the sequential excitation in the area of \u200b\u200b7-8 kW; For confident overclocking without a gearbox - more than 12kW) To select an electric motor, it is necessary to consider: type of electric motor, operating voltage, power, current consumed, excitation type, nominal turnover, torque, weight and sizes.
There are the following types of electric motors:
- C parallel excitation.
- with consistent excitation.
- with mixed excitation
- Brushless non-micractorous electric motors
- asynchronous, incl. With vector control.

Mechanical transmission. Basically, you can choose between transmissions with gearbox and transmissions without gearbox. The presence of a gearbox, of course, leads to inconveniences in the management of e-mobile and large mechanical losses, but nevertheless allows you to touch and confidently move in non-standard conditions (starting and movement on the rise, in deep snow and dirt) use a less powerful electric motor. About the increase \\ weight reduction intentionally nothing is given, because A powerful engine with a differential gearbox can weigh more than less powerful with a gearbox.
It is also worth noting that the use of a powerful electric motor without a gearbox will require a torque control from the electric motor, and not turnover (as it seems at the first moment). Such regulation can: Partially non-micolsters and fully asynchronous with vector control. The use of other types of electric motors without PPC can be advised at a very easy e-mobile.

"12 Commandments of the motorist-self-delicer"

These 12 commandments were published in the 80s in the magazine "Model-Design". Posted by their automotive model with experience, at one time by his sensational design of the car, as they told the "wagon layout" (now they turned into "minivans") "Minimax" - P.S. Zack.
Some of the Soviets belong exclusively to the construction of the car "from scratch", some are somewhat outdated, but the general meaning of these "commandments" is not suitable for the "first glance" for the construction and 100% self-catering and kikar. The main thing at the first stage is not an appearance, engine power or passability, the main thing - to evaluate yourself, whether you are capable of this ...

I. Supersensive - first of all!
Usually begin with the nearest goal: I want to make a "such" car! About their supercount, do not think. But it will sooner or later be revealed itself, most often - halfway, when it has already done a lot ... The classification of "self-dealers" will help.
A simplist usually comes from a common misconception, which is cheaper than to buy. The sooner it realizes that this is really a delusion, the less means and effort will be spent in vain. A special category of simplists - more often than unqualified, - trying to make a "real" car (that is, indistinguishable from industrial); The sooner they understand that neither a fit of the Consumer Quality Machines will not exceed the car, the cheaper it will be delusually.
The maximalist can be called those who dream of certainly hit others. Make this, so that anyone else has a prestigious car! So that or in form is a supersport, or in content - computer-comprehensive-automated. As a last resort, at least with the retractable headlights, lowering glasses, air conditioning and stereocellular system!
The individual is the one for whom the machines manufactured by the industry are not suitable, who needs a special purpose machine: all-terrain vehicle or amphibian, self-propelled cottage, urban motocoles or jeep tractor.
The creator is one who can not do not. Has huge satisfaction receives from the process of creativity. In the limit, even so: did, and ride - nothing.

So who are you? Do not regret yourself in self-determination. This will help you save your work and time.

II. Puzzle!
Take care of courage and splash on paper The main characteristics of your dreams: Purpose, capacity and load capacity, speed, engine type, layout, running part, dimensions and weight. Possess the date and post down in a short box. After a week, try to make a second option. Third ... Seventh ...

At the same time, "splash" is recommended, even if at first there is no feeling that is ready for this. Yes, D. I. Mendeleev argued that any hypothesis is better than any. Instead of erroneous in the end, another will appear more correct. Over time, its fallacy will also appear. This process is infinite. But each new hypothesis is usually better than the previous one. And here we wish the developer of common sense to stop in time, for the essence is not in constant search, but as a result.

III. He take something, without which you can do
That sin to hone, miracles are fond of everyone. But such fundamental qualities as permeability, capacity or maneuverability, or secondary - for example, can be unusual automatic control Engine and gearbox, body heating or, let's say, road lumen.

Do not overload your project by an abundance of "Tsatski", the main concept of your car may disappear behind them. As soon as you feel signs of such a danger, make a list of what you want to see in your creation. And then write out from there, without which it does not do. The result of this work should be the project vehiclecontaining the necessary complex "Miracles".

The rest is divided into two parts. Find the strength to forget forever most, leaving only what can be done later, in the second place, after the aggregate created by you will go. The moving machine will supply new, while also unknown problems. Considering them, you will be in order now more than a certain (according to their importance) a list of refinement.

Generally speaking, with the seats of the completed car, everything is much more visible!

IV. Think again: if you can not do - do not do!
Before being taken for direct work on the machine, it is time to quit once again, whether your desire is worth the gigantic work that you encounter yourself. Yes, even consider how much unpredictive grief awaits you on the selected path! And is not better to buy ready car? If you just want to tinker with the "hardware", buy an old Moskvich or Zaporozhets. Well, if it is not so, then you wish you success and courage from the soul, for you now enter the free brotherhood of self-delices.

V. The devils are not much and not enough, but if necessary!
One extreme among self-dealers (primarily - engineers of various specialties) make up "drawers". They draw general species, then - options, develop structures almost all nodes and parts. As a rule, behind this - the fear of being taken for the hacksaw and drill, hammer and chisel.

Other extremes (this is usually humanitars and chauffery) make up "fruitners". Put bridges - front and rear, put on them profiles - spars and begin to cook crossbars. Then it is discovered that the engine is not contained there ... to redo several times "fristers" are not shy. Having completed half of the work, it is happening in front of an unsolvable problem - the planned machine does not work. Even worse, when you already have a ready-to-wear side "wear" in the "Parade Upper Apparement" - the body, worked out not by "Figure" ... It is unlikely that such a car will like the traffic police.

Acceptable, as usual, reasonable middle. Layout on 1: 5, general view (in three projections), a plaster drawing (preferably in full size) and the volume model on the same scale is the first initial minimum. Moreover, the model is necessary here to the same extent as the drawing. Restable only with a common view (and layout) imprudent.

When creating knots, everything that can be done without drawings is better to do at the place, if necessary, cutting patterns from cardboard. If without drawings of the nodes do not do - perform them 1: 1. To keep in mind that the scale of 1: 2 is the most deceptive, and you get used to cost only two - 1: 5 and 1: 1. True, a general view can be drawing 1:10, and even 1:20. Drawings on the details makes sense to cook, if only they have to order somewhere.

Vi. And home "auto plant" need director!
First of all, the "production" it is necessary to choose the room for working on the machine: it should be separate and ... warm - in the cold, too, not work. Do not regret money on tools. The main machines of the "Automobile" should be a workbench with large visets and an electric train. A good help will be an electrical abrasive cutter. Do not take an example from those who have been switched to collecting all sorts of fixtures, creating a kind of tool museum ... as soon as it turns out that the desired key is easier to buy in the store than to find in their bins, it will mean that the tool has exceeded "Critical Mass", and it is time to ruthlessly cut. But the acting tool hold in readiness: this is not a job when you need a chisel, and it is stupid, take the drill, and it is shcher.

Main materials - both specialized and leafy - need to prepare in advance. You can, of course, and in the course of the case, afford to break the work to get some kind special material Or fasteners, but still it is better to spend the working time. It is necessary to appreciate the labor rhythm, not to be distracted by "plugging holes" due to organizational troubles. If you work not alone, but in the three of the three, it is even more important, for the preparation for work is more often individually, and collective downtime costs much more expensive.

VII. Model! Makety!
The appearance of the car is a great deal. And according to the general type, it is not too easy to work out. But your car will move next to the "satellites" and "Tavriya", over which not only designers worked, but also designers. And did dozens of models, including in full size! Therefore, it would be quite nice to follow their example. Having finished its model, look at it with a strict outsider. Show the way to people. Make a second option maybe the third one. After all, the appearance essentially can be worked out only at this stage. Then it will be too late.

Then it is advisable to take a suitable magnitude. You can insert ready-made knots that you are going to use: running part (front and rear suspension), engine with gearbox, steering, seat, front glass, etc. Body reproduces in a tree and cardboard. Reiki imitate profiles, plywood and cardboard - facing.

The layout is necessary to clarify the mutual location of the nodes, the placement of the driver and passengers, checking the convenience of landing and disembarking through the doors, approaches to the engine maintenance and chassis. And in general, it allows you to see your future creation.

Maketing serves as a powerful tool and in the creation separate nodes. They are pre-reproduced in the form of profile templates, longitudinal and transverse. It may be enough and one, quite characteristic, for fitting.

VIII. Four pillar autoconstruation - design, technology, ready-made nodes, materials
When creating any node, it is possible, of course, proceed from purely design considerations: make it functional and durable, minimum mass and dimensions. And under this design, select the appropriate technology and materials. However, the self-delicate is to an even greater extent than the auto plant designer, it is necessary to envisage the possibility of implementing its idea. After all, he is his own supply department, the technologist itself, a worker. Therefore, the design optimality criterion for the homemade team is special.

Complicated in the manufacture of the details are not sin borrow. For example, springs or springs suspension. And they immediately determine the design of the entire node. It is possible to optimize the material that for any reason is available. For example, rectangular pipes are very winned for the machine frame.

The "four-star" stability of the self-dealer - in the flexibility of using that "pillar", which facilitates the creation of this node, transferring the center of gravity to work to the strongest (in solving this task) support.

IX. Want - no matter; Be able to - a quarter of the case; Meau - half of the way ... But the main thing is to have the talent of the "concurrent"
Even the most powerful desire is not stronger than inefficiousness. But if there is no locksmith skills? Here are two ways: simpler - to collect a company in which specialists would complement each other. And more sensitive, but gives you independence, is to gain a qualification that it is better to do under whose leadership or in the company.

There is another factor, no less important. It is a sequence, character, will, forcing the effort to make an effort when fatigue, physical and moral, overcomes you. How many weak spirit threw their business at halfdore ... But and what satisfaction gives overcoming time weakness! Having achieved a goal, you will not only get your own direct result, but also will feel the joy of victory over yourself, and it may be the most important reward.

X. Remember the safety technique and work, and on the road
In work on its creation will have to implement the most different technological operations. Some are unsafe. In production there is a special safety service, and on the home "Auto Plant" - only you yourself. Disk saw or abrasive cutter can and finger grabbing. Sharpening machine - leave without an eye, heavy units - add. And fire hazard? All this is very serious.

No less serious safety elements needed in the design of homemade in the case of a traffic accident. Accommodation of the gas tank, driver protection and passengers with a bodice with a blow or when turning the machine - these are the questions of the so-called passive security. But also factors such as visibility, brakes, steering - also the most direct attitude towards safety.

Given the vital importance of these issues, it is not enough to keep them in mind. Formulate their own weak spots on the paper. Find the strength in time to be lazy if some requirements are not executed, or even abandon the scheme, layout or constructive solutions that do not provide due security. In this case, "Avos" can end badly.

Xi. "Epoxidu" respect to fear ...
Do not everyone know that the production, where products are spilled out of fiberglass on epoxy resins, refers to the discharge of particularly harmful, and there is usually a special supervision of safety observance: production sites are equipped with forced exhaust ventilation, and machine-inspere machines are monitored. Air of harmful and poisonous gases.

There are no such conditions at home, and many do not even suspect the danger of severe pulmonary diseases, up to lung cancer.

At the same time, the mechanical properties of some similar materials - for example, polyester resins, not much inferior to cunning "epoxy". It is quite suitable, by the way, and varnish for parquet.

It is also necessary to be careful with fiberglass, for the smallest particles of its fibers are embedded in the skin of the hands and in the respiratory tract. Acceptable substitutes are cotton fabrics, such as perkal, tarpaulin or sufficiently durable synthetics.

XII. You need to lose weight not only fashionable!
Already in principle homemade car Hardweight purchased. This inevitably manifests itself due to the fact that the carrying body is too complicated for the calculation of strength. In the automotive industry testing optimal option Dilemmas "Strength-ease" is performed experimentally. The homemade is not forces. He has to either separate the functions of the body and the frame (which leads almost to doubling the mass of this complex), or is obviously having a housing. For this reason, the homemade car will be 20-30% heavier than similar industrial sample. However, the practice shows that if you specifically do not follow the weight of every detail, then the homemade is one and a half times (and sometimes more!) Heavier than the machine factory manufacturer of a similar class. And in this - and increased flow Fuel, and the worst dynamics, and smaller load capacity, and ...

Electric machines Called electromechanical transducers in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical or mechanical - in electric energy. Depending on the type of output or current consumed, the electrical machines are divided into AC and DC machines that can be used as engines, generators, or combinations thereof.

According to the principles of creating a torque, electrical machines are divided into synchronous, asynchronous and direct current.

In synchronous machines, the shaft rotation frequency is synchronized with the frequency of rotation of the electromagnetic field that creates the torque. In the simultaneous machine, the excitation field is created by winding located on the rotor and the feeder constant. The stator winding is connected to the AC Network. The converted scheme when the excitation winding is located on the stator, it is rare. In the simultaneous machine, the winding in which the EMF is induced and the load current flows is called an anchor winding, and part of the machine with this winding is called an anchor. Part of the car on which the excitation winding is called inductor. Synchronous machines are used as generators and engines.

The condition of operation of the asynchronous machine is the inequality of the frequency of rotation of the electromagnetic field of the stator and the rotor, which actually creates the forces that move the electrical machines. In an asynchronous machine, the field is created in the stator winding and interacts with the current in progress in the rotor winding. Among the asynchronous machines collector are single-phase minor engines. Asynchronous cars Used mainly as engines.

The main feature of the DC machine is the presence of a collector and a sliding contact between the winding of the anchor and an external electrical chain. The DC machine according to its constructive execution is similar to a converted synchronous machine, which has an anchor winding on the rotor, and the excitation winding is on the stator. Thanks to its good adjustable properties, DC motors have found widespread in industry. They can work as and generators and engines.

Classification of electrical machinery

by power

Large power machines:

collector machines with a capacity of more than 200 kW;

synchronous generators with a capacity of more than 100 kW;

synchronous engines with a capacity of more than 200 kW;

asynchronous motors with a capacity of more than 100 kW at a voltage of more than 1000 V.

Machines of medium power:

collective machines with a capacity of 1 ... 200 kW;

synchronous generators with a capacity of up to 100 kW, including high-speed up to 200 kW;

asynchronous motors with a capacity of 1 ... 200 kW;

asynchronous machines with a capacity of 1 ... 400 kW at a voltage of up to 1000 V, including uniform engines from 0.25 kW.

The group of small-power machines includes electrical machines that are not included in the first two groups:

dC motors collector and universal;

asynchronous engines, synchronous motors, etc.

Basic concepts

Efficiency ratio (efficiency) - the ratio of useful (given) power and spent (summed):

for generators, the ratio of the active electrical power given to the network, to the expended mechanical power;

for electric motors, the ratio of useful mechanical power on the shaft, kW, to the active supplied electrical power, kW.

Power coefficient (COs j) for AC machines:

for generators - the ratio of a given active electrical power, kW, to the total removable electrical power, kV × a;

for electric motors - the ratio of the active electric power consumption, kW, to the total consumption of electrical power, kV × a;

Starting current (initial start) is a steady current consumed by the engine with a fixed rotor and power supply from the nominal voltage and frequency (IP-start).

Multiplicity of the initial start current - the ratio of the initial starting current to the nominal current.

The rated torque is the torque on the motor shaft corresponding to the rated power and the rated frequency of rotation.

The initial starting point is a rotating moment developed by the engine with a fixed rotor and the initial starting current.

The minimum torque is the smallest value of the torque, developed by the engine at rated voltages and the frequency of the network in the range of changes in the speed of rotation from zero to the value corresponding to the maximum moment.

The maximum torque is the highest value of the torque developed by the engine at rated voltages and the frequency of the network.

The relative duration of the inclusion (PV) is the ratio of the duration of the engine operation during the load, including the start, to the duration of the working cycle, expressed as a percentage.

Constructive execution

Constructive design - the method of arrangement of the components of the machine relative to the elements of the bearings and the end of the shaft.

General Purpose Engine - Engine satisfying technical requirements, common to most applications, and made without the consumer's special requirements.

The main execution of engines is execution that meets the general requirements for working properties, working conditions and application. The basic execution is the basis for the development of modifications and specialized versions.

Modification - engine performance based on the main execution, having the same value of the heights of the axis of rotation, but differing in operating properties (mechanical characteristic, the range of regulation of rotation frequency, etc.).

Specialized execution - execution that meets the increased requirements of the consumer in relation to the conditions of application. Specialized performances differ in environmental conditions and the accuracy of the installation and connecting dimensions.

A highly specialized version - execution designed to work in a highly specialized area.