New law on drivers of lovers and professionals. What are the categories of personnel and the management structures? Learning driving in real traffic conditions

Experts argue whether to share car rights to different categories

To divide the driver's license to two categories - amateur and professional - in a short time they can in Russia: with the relevant initiative to deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation recently applied the guild of driving school. According to the organization of employees of the organization, "ordinary" motorists should undergo a basic course of study, and those in the future expects to become a taxi driver, public or cargo transport, will have to comprehend the dises of driving in an in-depth. The correspondent "MK" has talked with experts, and found out that they think about plans for the next division of the driver's license - this time, by the levels of "difficulty".

The need to reform the system of obtaining driver's licenses in the guild of driving schools explain the fact that in a number of European countries, approach to professional driving is significantly different from what is adopted today. The domestic driver is formally considered a professional since the receipt of rights, while in the West for this he needs to have a solid trouble-free experience. In addition, no one will take a motorist at work immediately after the end of the driving school - in order to settle, for example, a taxi driver or a bus, he will first have 2-3 years to "roll back" on its own car without disturbances, and then also pass professional Exams for obtaining a special certificate that gives the right to work.

However, experienced drivers Remember that practice with professional and amateur driver's licenses existed in the USSR - until the 70s. True, as a result, in the then traffic police, he decided to move away - obviously, recognizing ineffective.

The fact is that in Soviet times, professional chaufferes passed special preparations in those places where they had to work, "said Vladimir Fedorov, Senator of the Russian Federation and the ex-head of Russia, - in the army of the chauffeurs prepared the structures of the DOSAAF, and at the factories and other enterprises for them There were courses of professional skills. I believe that today it is necessary to revive professional training Drivers - To those who want to work on a taxi or public transport, have passed special training for this, received diplomas, certificates, etc. But driver's license is the basis of the foundations, they do not need to touch them. And what to understand under the words "professional" rights? If a person wants to work a trucker - it is some knowledge associated with cargo transportation. If a taxi driver, he needs to be well oriented in the city where he has to work. In addition, the separation of driver's licenses will immediately erect the barrier on the path of those who received this document to manage a personal car, and then decided to go to the chauffery. It's one thing - in such a situation there are professional craftsmanship courses, the other is to go to the traffic police and re-learn to obtain a new driver's license.

However, according to the coordinator of the movement "Society of Blue buckets" by Peter Shkumatova, sound grain in the idea of \u200b\u200bdividing the driver's license to new categories still have:

The authors of the initiative proceed from the fact that for ordinary drivers and professional chauffeurs today identified the same punishment. For professionals, deprivation of rights is the worst punishment, because in this case they actually remain without their pieces of bread. This, in turn, immediately leads to corruption: such a driver is ready to give any money in order not to lose his certificate. Therefore, the professionals and fans on the roads need a completely different approach, in which deprivation of rights for the first is an extreme measure, a peculiar "exile" from the profession.

But do not need individual rights for professional chauffery? Maybe it is worth limaning to some kind of professional license?

Here it should be what it seems to me, not about professional rights, but about professional categories. For example, a professional driver with category B can drive taxi, with a category C - work trucker, etc. If such a chauffeur loses his right to work - for example, the maximum number of penalty points is gaining on the road - then it remains a category, but only as an amateur, and can not work on the road. By the way, it would be reasonable to introduce the flower differentiation of the driver's license: amateur - pink, and professional - some blue.

Driver classes are prescribed in Qualifying Directory Professions of workers who are established monthly salaries (from 1984). The directory is relevant in the territory Russian Federation And today, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia 12.05.1992.

Class of drivers in categories depending on the work performed

Grade 3 driver.

1. Manage cars of categories "B", "C", "D".
2. Control lifting mechanism dump trucks, truckra, and other special equipment, subject to all safety regulations.
3. Manage cars with installed special sound and light signals.
4. Towing trailers weighing up to 750 kg.
5. Refueling cars fuel lubricant materials and coolant.
6. Registration travel sheets, other travel documents.
7. Check technical status Car and approval of reception before leaving on line
8. Delivery of the car and putting it in a parking place when returning from the route to the Automotive Economy.
9. Feeding cars for loading and under cargo unloading.
10. Controlling the correctness and completeness of loading, placement, fastening of goods in the car body.
11. Small repair of motor vehicles. Elimination during operation on the route of small malfunctions of TCs that do not require disassembling mechanisms.

Class 2 driver.

1. Towing trailers weighing more than 750 kg.
2. Elimination of vehicles that have arisen during operation, requiring dismantling mechanisms.
3. Performing adjustment work in the field in the absence of technical assistance.

Grade 1 driver.

1. Manage cars of categories "B", "C", "E", "D", "De".
2. Knowledge of destination, devices and rules maintenance motor vehicles.
3. Effect in practice the impact of the operational indicators of the vehicle at the cost of transportation.
4. To know the ways to ensure high-performance and economical use of the vehicle, the main technical and operational quality of the vehicle and their effect on the safety of the vehicle.

The grounds for assigning the classroom drivers.

Third grades Assigns to drivers with a driver's license with the open categories "B", and (or) "C", or only "D".

Second grate Assigns to drivers with a driver's license with the open categories "B", "C", "D" or "B", "C", "E" or "D", "E". Continuous work experience is needed by a 3-class driver for more than 3 years in one enterprise.

First grate Assigns to drivers with a driver's license, in which the categories "B", "C", "E" and "D" are open. There is a continuous work experience as a driver of 2 class for more than 2 years in one enterprise.

Supplement for drivers' class.

Regulatory documents of the Russian Federation compulsory payments as an additional charge for drivers are not provided. In the USSR, a decree of the CPSU Central Committee dated September 17, 1986, according to which 10% was added to the leaders of the 2nd grade, and the 1st class drivers were 25% installed at the tariff rate spent time.

Supplements of the 1st and 2nd class drivers can only be carried out in the case of the adoption of local regulatory documents At a particular enterprise.

Classroom drivers across

Get the first driving class for insurance companies is easy. The execution of the OSAGO policy will be much cheaper, if not falling into an accident during the last insurance year. Insurers are prescribed by drivers driver classes In order to discard the skill level of the car owner. The smaller the accidents were issued through the insurance company for a particular period of time, the higher the category of class of the driver and the less he will pay for the purchase of the OSAGO policy. The insurance system includes a list of drivers' grades not only trouble-free driving, but also other factors, such as the age of the driver, its driving experience, dates of assigning categories on a driver's license, etc.

Table Calculation of the driver's class of OSAGO KBM

The cost of the policy of OSAGO depending on class, KBM

The cost of the OSAGA policy directly depends on the CBM class according to the table above.

The table presented shares drivers into several classes by category. The first column is indicated by the driver class at the time of car insurance. The driver who is first addressed to the company's representative for execution of the OSAGA policy is automatically assigned 3 class. After 1 year and every year, the driver will change gradually depending on the insurance cases and the absence of accidents.

In the second line of the table, a valid discount is indicated, then the Bonus-Malus coefficient in percent.

In the last column, the presence or absence of insured events during the last insurance period is indicated.

Professional standard for drivers is a novelty in the field of secure roadwhich is aggravated by hundreds of thousands of victims on the roads. Now, in addition to the national driver's license, the professional driver must comply with professional requirements.

It's a long time ago about the need to share learning on professionals and lovers. Finally, we approach this closely.

Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia of September 28, 2015 No. 287 enters into force in June 2016. It regulates professional and qualifying requirements for employees of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in the transport of people and cargo.

Who gets under new requirements?

The following categories of drivers fall under new requirements for professionalism and qualifications:

• professional drivers car categories in (including passenger taxi), ve, c, c1, se, c1e, d, d1, de, d1e;
• drivers of trolleybuses and trams (TB and TM);
• driver car transporting dangerous goods;
• the driver of the car carrying out the transport of large and (or) heavy cargo or accompanying this transportation;
• the driver controlling the vehicle equipped with a device for feeding special light and audible signals;
• the driver of the car transporting passengers and (or) of goods in international communication.

Let's consider the most basic requirements for professional drivers.

Professional car driver

If you are a professional driver category in and ve, for example, a taxi driver, then you are in addition to the knowledge of traffic rules you need to know:

• the rules and procedure for insurance of the OSAGO;
• basics of monitoring the situation on the road;
• types of responsibility for violation of traffic rules;
• the main features of faults that may arise in the CU;
• influence of weather conditions on safety on the road;
• how to ensure child safety in the car;
• how to cause emergency and rescue services, etc.

Do not forget about the knowledge of the composition of the first aid kit, the rules of its use, the method of providing first assistance to victims.

Of course, a professional driver must safely manage a car, be able to ensure the safety of pedestrians and cyclists on the road.

Requirements for the experience of professional cars of the passenger car are made only for taxi drivers. It is three years of general driver's experience. If you just graduated from a driving school - you do not have the right to be a taxi driver.

What should a professional driver be able to?

Knowledge for the driver is small, need and skill. On one theory will not leave. In addition to the ability to safely drive a car and pDD compliance There are still demands for the professional driver:

• the ability to correct small car malfunctions, if it is not related to the disassembly of units and TC nodes (change the wheel, light bulb in the spotlight, etc.);
• be able to safely transport and place luggage, plant and disembark passengers;
• predict dangerous situations on the road, prevent them, to make a decision in a timely manner in their occurrence;
• to be able to use fire extinguishing.

In addition, the professional driver is obliged to improve his car management skills. How should this be confirmed by: learning, advanced training or somehow? The order of the Ministry of Transport does not speak about it, we will wait for clarifications.

Requirements for the truck driver

The truck driver besides the foundations that are spelled out for the driver of a car, should know the following:

• principles of operation, appointment and device of the main mechanisms, parts and instruments of the truck, trailer;
• instructions for labor protection during technical inspection trucktrailer.

In addition to the driver's skills of categories, the truck driver should be able to safely place and fix goods, be able to use various types of tachographs. Today, it is impossible to leave without a device for taking into account the regime and recreation. For this violation, a fine of 1000 to 3000 rubles. For the driver, and for officials 5000-10000 rubles.

Requirements for work experience (experience) The truck driver is not presented, the main skill and knowledge, and of course the Russian national driver's license of the relevant category.

Profession The driver is dangerous and difficult!

Answer the lifetime of passengers, for the lives of other road traffickers should every driver, but a special attitude towards professional drivers. After all, they must be really professionals of their business, not lovers. Finally, a professional standard for them was born, it means not far from the mountains and specialized training programs for professional drivers.

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation has prepared significant changes to the Federal Law No. 196-FZ "On Road Safety" dated December 10, 1995. In the event of the entry into force of the changes, in our country drivers will be divided into lovers and professionals. So, it is planned that drivers who manage cars to carry out entrepreneurial activity or work by drivers will have to undergo retraining in driving schools every 5 years and pass exams. Successful exams will confirm the special mark in driver's license.

That is, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation proposes to return old system issuing rights, dividing the driver's license for lovers and professionals. In order for this law to work, it is also planned to make amendments to the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation". As part of these amendments, which will be developed that will be divided between drivers by lovers and drivers by professionals.

In particular, for driver drivers, lightweight training programs will be developed, within which it will be possible to learn only in the category "A1", "A", "B1", "B", "D1", "D1E", "C1", " C1E. "

In order to get categories "C", "D", "E" (and their subcategories for transporting trailers) to work on hiring, drivers will need to undergo a special program of training and then pass special, receiving a lot in driver's license.

In this case, all professional drivers will need to be retracted 1 time in 5 years in a special educational institution, after which the exams in the traffic police are passing. According to the results of the exams, a new mark will be affixed for 5 years, which allows you to drive a car when using the machine in business purposes.

Currently, the draft law on the division of lovers and professional drivers published on a single portal of draft legal acts for public discussion. We conducted a traditional analysis of the new law and decided to answer all the questions that may arise from motorists in connection with its possible introduction in the coming years.

Is it possible to take on the job of lovers drivers?

According to a new law, which developed the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs are prohibited for managing vehicles Drivers, with a marker about the professional competence of the driver, indicating its term of its action.

That is, in fact, in the event of the entry into force, drivers who do not have a special mark in the driver's license will not be able to get a job. Those who will work as a driver at the time of the law entering into force will most likely be sent to employers for retraining to a driving school with subsequent re-examing exams that will confirm the professional classification of drivers for employment.

What liability will be provided if the amateur driver will drive a car on which entrepreneurial and labor activity is carried out?

The law business of the Ministry of Transport, which makes changes to the Federal Law "On Road Safety" provides for amending Article 25. So the article is proposed to be supplemented with paragraph 4.1.

Here is an excerpt from the new law:

... 4.1 The right to managing vehicles in the implementation of entrepreneurial and labor activities is confirmed by a driver's license with a mark on the professional competence of the driver, indicating its term of operation ...

That is, in the case of the new law entering into force, managing a car for entrepreneurial or labor activity without a special mark of the traffic police will be prohibited. So in the future, such a violation will be equated to driving.

For how long will the driver's rights be issued?

According to the draft law, it is planned that professional rights will be issued for 5 years. This will be regulated by paragraph 6.1 of Article 25 of the Law "On Road Safety". Here is an excerpt from the new law:

... 6.1. The driver's professional competence mark confirms the driver's right to carry out entrepreneurial and labor activities related to transportation of vehicles for a period of 5 years ...

What do you need to make a driver to a professional after the expiration of the 5-year term?

According to innovations after the expiration of the five-year term, drivers-professionals for the implementation of entrepreneurial and labor activity driving vehicles are obliged to undergo vocational training on the advanced training program. Then contact the traffic police providing medical certificate about the absence of contraindications to control the vehicle and pass qualification exams. After successfully passing the examinations in the rights of the professional driver, a special mark is affirmed confirming the driver tolerance to transport management.

What categories can be discovered as an amateur driver?

According to the new law, the amateur driver having passed a shortened training course in a driving school can receive the following categories: "A", "A1", "in", "B1", "d1", "d1e", "c1", "c1e".

What categories can be discussed only by passing professional training in a driving school?

According to a new bill in the event of its signing and entry into force, in order to open in the Rights of the category "D", "DE", "C", "CE" to undergo special training in an educational institution and pass appropriate exams in the traffic police. These categories will need to confirm every 5 years, pass over and retract examinations in the traffic police.

website / Alexander Avilov

Driving license can split on professional and amateur. With such an initiative, the guild of driving schools turned to the authorities, the site Chairman of the professional community Sergey Lobarev said. According to him, driving training should consist of a basic course for ordinary motorists, and advanced, for future taxi drivers, public transport and trucks. The Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Public Association Affairs, Yaroslav Nilov, said that the driving school initiative would be considered in parliament.

Since 2014, all graduates of driving schools that successfully undergo Tests in the traffic police receive professional driver's licenses. "Today, all the cadets driving schools receive professional rights. Even those who have a category M - moped, or a - motorcycle. But which of them are professionals? This is nonsense," Lobarev told.

He also stressed that in Russia the driver is considered a professional immediately after receiving rights. At the same time, in European practice for this it is necessary to correspond to a number of conditions. And first of all, have a certain trouble-free experience. "Abroad pays more attention to practice. We have a practical training course is 56 hours, they have from a hundred hours with the possibility of leaving high-speed highways. Abroad, the future driver first receives a certificate without the right to hire. And only after two or three years. He experience without disturbances, he can pass exams for receiving a certificate of professional competence, "Lobarev said.

According to him, professional drivers must study the rules for transportation large cargo, Logistics Basics, Machine Controls with front, rear and complete drive.

According to the Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Public Association Affairs, Yaroslav Nilova, to become a professional, a person must pass a special training course and master special skills.

"He is obliged to perfectly manage the car in all weather conditions, be able to provide the first help victims in an accident, adequately respond to any abnormal situations," the deputy stressed. The parliament is ready to consider the supply of the Guild of the driving school, Nilov said.

According to the interregional public transport trade union, about 1 million taxi drivers are operating in Russia today. In Moscow there are 30-35 thousand taxi drivers and about 50 thousand public transport drivers.

The separation of amateur and professional rights existed in the USSR. "Amateur" categories A (motorcycles) and in ( cars). Trucks, buses and heavy trailers belonged to the professional field of activity. In addition, there were three classes of driving skills, which depended on the level of salary. So, the first class driver could manage any technique and received the greatest bet.

Today, the rights to the moped or motorcycle can be obtained from 16 years old machine and a truck with 18. Open the category D, which gives the right to manage buses, can only drivers who have reached 21 years. The same rules apply to trams and trolleybuses. And to obtain rights with the open category E (trailers weighing over 750 kg), a driver's experience is also needed from one year.

An ordinary person is quite a minimum of knowledge and skills that will allow him to safely drive a personal car. A professional should be more seriously prepared, I am sure the deputy chairman of the union of public transport workers "Taxi driver" Andrei Popkov.

"The amateur responds only for himself and his family. A professional is responsible for the life and health of customers. Plus, any commercial activity is associated with observance of labor and recreation regimes. As a result, the responsibility is greater, more attention, the concentration is maximum for the entire work shift. So the preparation should be better, "he said.

The coordinator of the Truckers Association Valery Voitko noted that the need to revive professional rights are crowded for a long time. "Now, often, everything comes down to the following scheme. I received the rights of category B, I traveled a year on the onboard" Gazelle ", Naskoro reincursed to the category C - and now he is already a ready-made trucker. Of course, I can not go about any professionalism in such a situation. "He told.

According to him, the driver must be able to make the accompanying documentation, change the wheel or even replace the nozzle. "He should not just get from one point to another, but to do this with maximum fuel savings and at the same time put on time. Some skills come with experience, but it is possible to teach a lot in a driving school," Votko said.

Recall, for last year In the ratio of driving schools for consideration in the authorities, a number of initiatives were made. So, the Federation Council performed with a proposal to control cars with a capacity of more than 100 horse power. The State Duma introduced a bill that allows people with limited physical abilities (with disabilities) to prepare for exams. In the traffic police offered to send driving instructors on. Deputies of the Moscow City Duma together with youth activists and the Cossacks launched raids. The inspections touched on curricula, the state of autodromes and training machines. And it is also considered the possibility of partial limitation or a complete ban on the junction on the roads of Moscow.

A number of innovations touched the metropolitan taxi. In particular, it is proposed to post on urban taxi stickers with a number by calling for which you can. For example, if the taxi driver violates traffic rules or aggressively behaves on the road. Also considered the possibility of starting the service. As part of this project, by the end of the year, it is planned to be installed for electric vehicles.