Driving license suggest divided into professional and amateur. Driving license offered to divide on professional and amateur professional cars of the passenger car

Professional standard for drivers is a novelty in the field of secure roadwhich is aggravated by hundreds of thousands of victims on the roads. Now, in addition to the national driver's license, the professional driver must comply with professional requirements.

It's a long time ago about the need to share learning on professionals and lovers. Finally, we approach this closely.

Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia of September 28, 2015 No. 287 enters into force in June 2016. It regulates professional and qualifying requirements for employees of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in the transport of people and cargo.

Who gets under new requirements?

The following categories of drivers fall under new requirements for professionalism and qualifications:

• professional drivers of category cars in (including passenger taxi), ve, s, c1, se, c1e, d, d1, de, d1e;
• drivers of trolleybuses and trams (TB and TM);
• driver car transporting dangerous goods;
• the driver of the car carrying out the transport of large and (or) heavy cargo or accompanying this transportation;
• the driver controlling the vehicle equipped with a device for feeding special light and audible signals;
• the driver of the car transporting passengers and (or) of goods in international communication.

Let's consider the most basic requirements for professional drivers.

Professional car driver

If you are a professional driver category in and ve, for example, a taxi driver, then you are in addition to the knowledge of traffic rules you need to know:

• the rules and procedure for insurance of the OSAGO;
• basics of monitoring the situation on the road;
• types of responsibility for violation of traffic rules;
• the main features of faults that may arise in the CU;
• influence of weather conditions on safety on the road;
• how to ensure child safety in the car;
• how to cause emergency and rescue services, etc.

Do not forget about the knowledge of the composition of the first aid kit, the rules of its use, the method of providing first assistance to victims.

Of course, a professional driver must safely manage a car, be able to ensure the safety of pedestrians and cyclists on the road.

Requirements for experience professional drivers a passenger car It is presented only for taxi drivers. It is three years of general driver's experience. If you just graduated from a driving school - you do not have the right to be a taxi driver.

What should a professional driver be able to?

Knowledge for the driver is small, need and skill. On one theory will not leave. In addition to the ability to safely drive a car and pDD compliance There are still demands for the professional driver:

• the ability to correct small car malfunctions, if it is not related to the disassembly of units and TC nodes (change the wheel, light bulb in the spotlight, etc.);
• be able to safely transport and place luggage, plant and disembark passengers;
• predict dangerous situations on the road, prevent them, to make a decision in a timely manner in their occurrence;
• to be able to use fire extinguishing.

In addition, the professional driver is obliged to improve his car management skills. How should this be confirmed by: learning, advanced training or somehow? The order of the Ministry of Transport does not speak about it, we will wait for clarifications.

Requirements for the truck driver

The truck driver besides the foundations that are spelled out for the driver of a car, should know the following:

• principles of operation, appointment and device of the main mechanisms, parts and instruments of the truck, trailer;
• instructions for labor protection at technical inspection truck, trailer.

In addition to the driver's skills of categories, the truck driver should be able to safely place and fix goods, be able to use various types of tachographs. Today, it is impossible to leave without a device for taking into account the regime and recreation. For this violation, a fine of 1000 to 3000 rubles. For the driver, and for officials 5000-10000 rubles.

Requirements for work experience (experience) The truck driver is not presented, the main skill and knowledge, and of course the Russian national driver's license relevant category.

Profession The driver is dangerous and difficult!

Answer the lifetime of passengers, for the lives of other road traffickers should every driver, but a special attitude towards professional drivers. After all, they must be really professionals of their business, not lovers. Finally, a professional standard for them was born, it means not far from the mountains and specialized training programs for professional drivers.

website / Alexander Avilov

Driver's license Can split on professional and amateur. With such an initiative, the guild of driving schools turned to the authorities, the site Chairman of the professional community Sergey Lobarev said. According to him, driving training should consist of a basic course for ordinary motorists, and advanced, for future taxi drivers, public transport and trucks. The Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Public Association Affairs, Yaroslav Nilov, said that the driving school initiative would be considered in parliament.

Since 2014, all graduates of driving schools that successfully undergo testing in the traffic police receive professional driver's licenses. "Today, all the cadets driving schools receive professional rights. Even those who have a category M - moped, or a - motorcycle. But which of them are professionals? This is nonsense," Lobarev told.

He also stressed that in Russia the driver is considered a professional immediately after receiving rights. At the same time, in European practice for this it is necessary to correspond to a number of conditions. And first of all, have a certain trouble-free experience. "Abroad pays more attention to practice. We have a practical training course is 56 hours, they have from a hundred hours with the possibility of leaving high-speed highways. Abroad, the future driver first receives a certificate without the right to hire. And only after two or three years. He experience without disturbances, he can pass exams for receiving a certificate of professional competence, "Lobarev said.

According to him, professional drivers must study the rules for transportation large cargo, Logistics Basics, Machine Controls with front, rear and complete drive.

According to the Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Public Association Affairs, Yaroslav Nilova, to become a professional, a person must pass a special training course and master special skills.

"He is obliged to perfectly manage the car in all weather conditions, be able to provide the first help victims in an accident, adequately respond to any abnormal situations," the deputy stressed. The parliament is ready to consider the supply of the Guild of the driving school, Nilov said.

According to the interregional public transport trade union, about 1 million taxi drivers are operating in Russia today. In Moscow there are 30-35 thousand taxi drivers and about 50 thousand public transport drivers.

The separation of amateur and professional rights existed in the USSR. "Amateur" categories A (motorcycles) and in (cars) were considered. Trucks, buses and heavy trailers belonged to the professional field of activity. In addition, there were three classes of driving skills, which depended on the level of salary. So, the first class driver could manage any technique and received the greatest bet.

Today, the rights to the moped or motorcycle can be obtained from 16 years old machine and a truck with 18. Open the category D, which gives the right to manage buses, can only drivers who have reached 21 years. The same rules apply to trams and trolleybuses. And to obtain rights with the open category E (trailers weighing over 750 kg), a driver's experience is also needed from one year.

An ordinary person is quite a minimum of knowledge and skills that will allow him to safely drive a personal car. A professional should be more seriously prepared, I am sure the deputy chairman of the union of public transport workers "Taxi driver" Andrei Popkov.

"The amateur responds only for himself and his family. A professional is responsible for the life and health of customers. Plus, any commercial activity is associated with observance of labor and recreation regimes. As a result, the responsibility is greater, more attention, the concentration is maximum for the entire work shift. So the preparation should be better, "he said.

The coordinator of the Truckers Association Valery Voitko noted that the need to revive professional rights are crowded for a long time. "Now, often, everything comes down to the following scheme. I received the rights of category B, I traveled a year on the onboard" Gazelle ", Naskoro reincursed to the category C - and now he is already a ready-made trucker. Of course, I can not go about any professionalism in such a situation. "He told.

According to him, the driver must be able to make the accompanying documentation, change the wheel or even replace the nozzle. "He should not just get from one point to another, but to do this with maximum fuel savings and at the same time put on time. Some skills come with experience, but it is possible to teach a lot in a driving school," Votko said.

Recall, for last year In the ratio of driving schools for consideration in the authorities, a number of initiatives were made. So, the Federation Council performed with a proposal to control cars with a capacity of more than 100 horse power. The State Duma introduced a bill that allows people with limited physical abilities (with disabilities) to prepare for exams. In the traffic police offered to send driving instructors on. Deputies of the Moscow City Duma together with youth activists and the Cossacks launched raids. The inspections touched on curricula, the state of autodromes and training machines. And it is also considered the possibility of partial limitation or a complete ban on the junction on the roads of Moscow.

A number of innovations touched the metropolitan taxi. In particular, it is proposed to post on urban taxi stickers with a number by calling for which you can. For example, if the taxi driver violates traffic rules or aggressively behaves on the road. Also considered the possibility of starting the service. As part of this project, by the end of the year, it is planned to be installed for electric vehicles.

Experts argue whether to share car rights to different categories

To divide the driver's license to two categories - amateur and professional - in a short time they can in Russia: with the relevant initiative to deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation recently applied the guild of driving school. According to the organization of employees of the organization, "ordinary" motorists should undergo a basic course of study, and those who are in the future expects to become a taxi driver, social or cargo transportYou will have to comprehend the dise of driving in in-depth. The correspondent "MK" has talked with experts, and found out that they think about plans for the next division of the driver's license - this time, by the levels of "difficulty".

The need to reform the system of obtaining driver's licenses in the guild of driving schools explain the fact that in a number of European countries, approach to professional driving is significantly different from what is adopted today. The domestic driver is formally considered a professional since the receipt of rights, while in the West for this he needs to have a solid trouble-free experience. In addition, no one will take a motorist at work immediately after the end of the driving school - in order to settle, for example, a taxi driver or a bus, he will first have 2-3 years to "roll back" on its own car without disturbances, and then also pass professional Exams for obtaining a special certificate that gives the right to work.

However, experienced drivers Remember that practice with professional and amateur driver's licenses existed in the USSR - until the 70s. True, as a result, in the then traffic police, he decided to move away - obviously, recognizing ineffective.

The fact is that in Soviet times, professional chaufferes passed special preparations in those places where they had to work, "said Vladimir Fedorov, Senator of the Russian Federation and the ex-head of Russia, - in the army of the chauffeurs prepared the structures of the DOSAAF, and at the factories and other enterprises for them There were courses of professional skills. I believe that today it is necessary to revive professional training drivers - so that those who want to work on a taxi or public transport, Special training was held for this, received diplomas, certificates, etc. But driver's license is the basis of the foundations, they do not need to touch them. And what to understand under the words "professional" rights? If a person wants to work a trucker - it is some knowledge associated with cargo transportation. If a taxi driver, he needs to be well oriented in the city where he has to work. In addition, the separation of driver's licenses will immediately erect the barrier on the path of those who received this document to manage a personal car, and then decided to go to the chauffery. It's one thing - in such a situation there are professional craftsmanship courses, the other is to go to the traffic police and re-learn to obtain a new driver's license.

However, according to the coordinator of the movement "Society of Blue buckets" by Peter Shkumatova, sound grain in the idea of \u200b\u200bdividing the driver's license to new categories still have:

The authors of the initiative proceed from the fact that for ordinary drivers and professional chauffeurs today identified the same punishment. For professionals, deprivation of rights is the worst punishment, because in this case they actually remain without their pieces of bread. This, in turn, immediately leads to corruption: such a driver is ready to give any money in order not to lose his certificate. Therefore, the professionals and fans on the roads need a completely different approach, in which deprivation of rights for the first is an extreme measure, a peculiar "exile" from the profession.

But do not need individual rights for professional chauffery? Maybe it is worth limaning to some kind of professional license?

Here it should be what it seems to me, not about professional rights, but about professional categories. For example, a professional driver with category B can drive taxi, with a category C - work trucker, etc. If such a chauffeur loses his right to work - for example, the maximum number of penalty points is gaining on the road - then it remains a category, but only as an amateur, and can not work on the road. By the way, it would be reasonable to introduce the flower differentiation of the driver's license: amateur - pink, and professional - some blue.

All personnel categories are important, because everyone knows the fact that the frames decide everything. The staff is the main resource of any organization. From the work of employees depends on the quality of services and products that the company supplies to the market. In order to avoid costs, it is important to understand what the composition and number of personnel of the organization should be. These indicators are determined depending on the volume of consumer demand. The right approach to the recruitment is provided by the enterprise high competitiveness.

Main categories of personnel and their characteristics

According to the All-Russian classifier of professions and posts, all staff of the enterprise is divided into two main categories. Classification of personnel by category:

• professions workers;
• posts of employees.

The professions of workers are not sufficiently popular, especially among young people, however, they still remain very common. Representatives included in this group are mainly divided into the following types of employees:

1. auxiliary staff. This division of the above classification of personnel includes those who serve the production (driver, cleaner, secretary, etc.).
2. the main staff is those directly occupied in the production process (turner, seamstress, etc.).

Official employees are also divided into types:

• leaders (director, main specialists, etc.);
• technical performers (secretaries, freight forwarders, etc.);
• specialists (engineers, lawyers, economists, etc.).

Additionally, there is a classifier of posts and professions, that is, workers and employees are divided into different types personnel.
Classification of workers:

• types of production and works (production of wool or drilling of wells);
• tariff discharges (1-8);
• qualification classes (1-3);
• forms and wage systems (simple, piecework, premium);
• working conditions (normal, heavy and harmful);
• the degree of mechanization of labor (manually, on machine guns);
• derivatives professions (senior, assistant).

Positions of employees are classified according to the following criteria:

• category of posts (head, specialist);
• derivative position (main, junior, second, district);
• qualification class (first, third, high).

Of course, few people deliberate in such a concept as the classification of enterprise personnel. And, perhaps, you first heard about the existence of the all-Russian classifier of professions and posts.

What affects the category affiliation?

For most people, personnel categories depend on the level of education. Therefore, one of the important criteria for the employer is the presence of a certain education of the employee. At the same time an important indicator It is the existence of work experience in a particular direction. Of course, there are positions that can be occupied without having no work experience or education. Regardless of the classification of the employee, all categories of workers work according to labor law. At the same time, employees of the management team, and the workers have the same rights and obligations prescribed in the Labor Code.

We discussed various personnel groups. It is now important to consider the organizational structure of the enterprise.
Of course, it is important to understand that enterprises are completely different. For example, the structure of the company engaged in the production of metal doors will differ significantly from the enterprise of the retail sale of goods for children.

How to manage different staff categories?

There are several basic types of organizational management structures of the organization:

• linear;
• functional;
• linear - functional;
• division;
• matrix.

Each of the presented structures represents a clear system with its own rules.

Linear Organizational Management Structure

With linear control, there is a clear distinction - who and whose orders perform and what is responsible for. To achieve a certain result, the head gives a specific instruction to a specific employee. In turn, this officer transmits specific instructions to other employees, that is, one instructs one task, another task and so on. But in the end, one general result should turn out. Thus, each performer is responsible for performing work on a specific instructions of a particular superior officer.

With such a structure, a high risk is that if somewhere someone incorrectly fulfills the order, the result will not be the result. Very high responsibility for the correctness of the task. If someone suddenly squeezes, it will be difficult to immediately replace it without damage to the manufacturing process. The biggest disadvantage of such a system is that if suddenly the need to make adjustments, then it is not necessary to achieve the efficiency. Such a structure is convenient to apply in small organizations.

Functional and linear - functional organizational management structure

The implementation of individual tasks is assigned to a separate unit specializing in a separate form of activity. The headquarters consisting of linear and functional leaders coordinates the instructions and transfers their executors. Functional managers this structure allows you to remove part of the load. The linear leader, on the contrary, is more loaded, as he has to participate in the interaction of functional executives with the executive units. At the same time, performers carry out instructions and from a linear manager, and from functional, which leads to the difficulties of mutual agreement, that is, orders can disperse, for example, in terms of priority. There is a decrease in responsibility and the risk of delay in obtaining end result. Also there are difficulties in coordinating activities, and it is impossible to quickly make solutions to issues arising during the work.

With this system, the main figure is the head of the unit.

The linear manager gives instructions to the functional, and he through his assistants, distributes instructions between the performers. With this organizational structure of personnel management, the responsibility is increasing for the result of the work of each unit, which entails the weakening of the relationship between these divisions. As a result, it is difficult to understand whether the organization will be carried out correctly and on time.

Division and matrix management structure

With this structure of the management, the decisive role is given to the leaders of the division. The head of the division is fully responsible for the performance of the work that the unit is responsible. At the same time, the functional leaders are also subject to the head of the production unit.
The project manager and responsible performers are also appointed in each of the divisions. Linear leader enshrines a specific project for each project manager. The project manager establishes who and for what period should perform one or another work, which will lead to the fulfillment of the task set by the linear head relative to a specific project.

As can be seen, there are quite a lot of control structures, but they are not perfect. Therefore, organizations are forced to develop their structures by improving existing structuresthat will be most beneficial to promote development. The more the organization, the more difficult the structure and the more it is necessary to constantly refine it.

The advantages of one or another structure necessarily is the possibility of operational decision-making and amending the progress of work. It is important that you can clearly trace the responsibility zone of each of the employees.
You can clearly see the complexity on the example of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation. Just think about what is the whole scale of activity, how many people of various categories are involved in order to receive high-quality medical care. Of course, the work of the ministry will constantly make changes that we are observing. New diseases, new treatments, new specialties appear. Take the composition of specialists working in clinics in 1980 and now, of course, we will note that they have become more.

To effectively manage the organization, it is necessary to understand that in different times In the development of the organization there are different periods. Then we can observe the greatest leap in development, then slower, then the period of stagnation may occur. It is during an increase in demand that you must not forget to revise the management structure of the organization. Otherwise, the probability will miss something to miss, then the organization will start to lose their gained competitiveness, and the demand will occur.