Types of car batteries and their differences. Types of automotive batteries

28.09.2019

Modern car market offers consumers a plurality of acb, differing among themselves by type, functional features and manufacturers. is one of the main sources of voltage necessary for normal launch of DVS and the nutrition of all consumers with a disabled motor. In this article we will tell you what batteries are for the car than they differ from each other and how to choose the battery.

[Hide]

ACB device and functions

What is a battery and what are the battery? The battery for the car is a device used to ensure the power supply of all electrical appliances when the engine is turned off, as well as to start it. Today many modern cars equipped with all sorts of devices, gadgets and devices. When video recorder, stove, GPS navigator, optics and other equipment are used at the same time, the generator node may not cope with such a large load. Therefore, an additional power source is AKB.

The battery on the car has a pretty simple device.

All battery kit is included:

hermetic case;
covers with bay necks;
positive and negative conclusions;
separator device;
positive and negative plates;
interelectual compound;
working fluid - electrolyte.

Types of automotive batteries

We now turn to the issue of varieties - what are the types of batteries:

Served. This species today has lost its popularity, since manufacturers began to provide consumers better-quality devices. The serves have many shortcomings, the most significant of them is a transition of a positive charge into a negative, which leads to an accelerated device discharge.
In addition, the serviced batteries are less resistant to vibrations, so when regular operation cars for harsh russian roads Vibrations can cause electrolyte leakage. Accordingly, it will also lead to the discharge of the device. But such batteries also have advantages - they can be charged without any problems, and if the device starts fails, it can be restored.
Unqualified devices Do not have the minuses described above - this type includes helium batteries. In the course of operation, it does not need to add an eletterolite, since the body of such devices eliminates the likelihood of leakage of the working fluid. Accordingly, if necessary, such ankb can be installed in any position. Also, non-serviced devices include AGM type batteries - in this case, thick electrolyte is used, which is achieved through the use of fiberglass in the design.

Tester

In addition to the division into types, there are types of batteries that differ from each other by constructive features:

Malosurian. Such types rechargeable batteries Equipped with lead plates. In practice, they are fairly quickly discharged due to the bulging of the electrolyte.
Antimunny. Such types today are practically not used.
Hybrid devices. Hybrid batteries include lead, as well as lead calcium plates in their design. Currently, this species is considered one of the most popular among consumers. The hybrid rechargeable battery will be discharged longer, so the probability of a complete deep discharge will be too small.
Another type is calcium batteries, they are also popular among our compatriots. Calcium battery includes positive and negative plates in its design. If you compare with minor across the battery, then in calcium acid batteries, the probability of a deep discharge will be 70% lower. But if the battery still discharge completely, it will restore it problematic.
Gel and AGM. Devices that are produced by such technologies have an electrolyte in the associated form, due to which its fluidity is reduced.
Alkaline batteries. In this case, alkali protrudes, and not acid.
Lithium-ion devices. To date, this subspecies is considered one of the most promising as an additional voltage source. Such a battery uses lithium ions as a current media. It should also be noted that the material from which the electrodes are manufactured can be the most different, since the technology is regularly improved, and manufacturers are looking for better solutions.

Photo Gallery "Battery Operation"

Marking AKB

Now consider the question of marking. By buying ordinary or traction batteries, you need to get acquainted with the marking, because it will allow the basic data on the device. All batteries are marked with production.

Briefly on how to determine the characteristics of the labeling device:

The first symbol in marking is a digit, it determines the number of cells in the design of the battery, they can be 3 or 6. In the same way, the battery voltage can be determined - it can be six or twelve volts, two volts per can be determined.
Further, there are symbols of st, which indicate that acid and other types of batteries are starter.
After that, the marking is a digit, which determines the container of the structure calculated in the amp-hours.

Depending on the device, the marking may include other characters:

And - suggests that the battery is equipped with a common lid for all cans;
H is an acidic or alkaline battery originally flooded with electrolyte;
T - indicates that the device is made in the thermoplastic case;
E - the ebonite body of the product;
P - polyethylene;
M is a polyvinyl chloride case (author of the video about the restoration of the old battery - the channel transistor815).

Criterias of choice

To select an ordinary or portable car battery, you must be guided by several criteria:

First, decide how much money you are ready to give. The issue of value is individual for each consumer. All batteries can be conditionally divided by several classes at a price - economy options, an average price category, as well as premium devices. The difference between them is for which technology battery was produced. As practice shows, the most optimal and advantageous for the consumer in terms of value ratio and quality is the Akb of the average price category.
It should be borne in mind that the more expensive the device is, the higher the quality will be. The most expensive options are different from cheap in that there are more enlarged operation resource, a large guarantee, as well as a start-current parameter. It should be noted that the difference in terms of the service resource can be several years, the warranty may be more than one year, and the current level is higher at 30-120 amps.
Capacity is one of the main parameters of any battery, therefore, deciding with the price, it is necessary to be guided by the container. Moreover, the capacity level may differ depending on the model. vehicle. Capacity is the value of the amount of energy that the battery can accumulate when charging and preserved, it is calculated in amps clock. The maximum container parameter is always noted on the device case. For example, if 4T-70, the level of capacity will be no more than 70 amps of the clock.
Another criterion that should be considered when buying a product is the time at which a fully charged battery will be able to give a current with force 25 A at a temperature of 27 degrees of heat. For example, if the capacity of the product is about 55-60 amps of the clock, the value of the energy return time will be approximately 100 minutes. Contrary to the erroneous opinion of many motorists, acquire a product in which the amount of energy will be higher than is required by your vehicle, it makes no sense. You just throw away money to the wind.
Also, when purchasing a product, you should consider the size of the terminals, as well as the type of connection of them. In practice, the size of the terminals modern cars Possess standard dimensions. But there are exceptions to the rules - and domestic roads can be found cars in which the batteries have many differences. In particular, we are talking about some Japanese vehicles, in this case the battery may have a non-standard, higher and narrower size.
Also before buying, the polarity of the terminals should be studied, that is, their location. If you buy a device in which the negative output will be located on the other hand, that is, not where you need, then you simply cannot install it. All because the cable itself will be too short and can simply not be enough. Moreover, if you allow an error and still connect incorrectly plus and minus, that is, break the polarity, but it can lead to the failure of a new battery. In addition, it can also provoke and failure electrical equipmentlocated in the car.
By purchasing the product, you need to reverse the starting current. This parameter determines the probability of voltage intake on the starter node, which scrolls the crankshaft of the motor when it starts. As a rule, the starting current indicator is associated with the class of the purchased product, but despite this, this value must be checked anyway. This parameter plays a particularly important role in the event that the car will be operated in the northern regions, where low temperatures prevail. Also this value is quite important if force aggregate vehicle is already worn or used in it motor fluid Higher viscosity.
It must be remembered that all standard batteries are intended for use at an average temperature of 27 degrees. In this case, the product will be able to work as efficiently as possible by posting 100%. But if the temperature on the street is negative and will be about -15 degrees, the starting current parameter will be reduced by as much as 60%. Accordingly, those 40 percent, which remained may not be enough to start the engine. So if the battery is used at low negative temperatures, the level of the container must be greater than at least twice (the author of the video is the channel Nizhny Novgorod battery).

Question price

Now we smoothly approached the issue of product costs. As you could have guess, the cost of the battery is determined by the set of factors, starting from the type of product, and ending it technical characteristics and manufacturer. The cheapest option that can be found is Varta AGM, its cost is about two thousand rubles. But it must be borne in mind that with such indicators that this product possesses, the normal operation of the vehicle will be impossible. The device will be discharged very quickly, especially if you use energy consumers when the engine is disconnected.

Among our compatriots who choose batteries on the principle of the most optimal ratio of quality and price, are popular with Varta Silver Dynamic D21, Moll MG 75R, Delkor 75R. The cost of such devices on average is about seven thousand rubles. But if your budget is not limited to purchase, you can find more expensive batteries, the cost of which will be above 20 thousand rubles.

Video "What you need to know about dried batteries?"

Detailed information about what is a dried accumulated battery and what you need to know about its operation is presented on the video below (the author of the roller is the battery channel).

Good afternoon all beginners. Today we will talk about voltage accumulators. Batteries are called chemical sources current in which later reversible chemical reactions Internal energy turns into electric. It is due to the reversibility of this reaction, the batteries can be charged and discharged. Batteries are designed to accumulate electric current and have been widely used in various fields. Without them it is difficult to imagine our lives, they surround us everywhere. Designed for repeated use and have a sufficiently long service life. Simple battery - These are two electrodes that are made of different metals and are absorbed in the electrolyte solution (acid). One of the electrodes is called the cathode, and the other anode.

In practice most often apply lead and lithium batteries. The lead battery is made of two lead plates that are absorbed in sulfuric acid. The battery has a different voltage, for example, one block (bank) of the lead battery gives voltage 2 volts, one block lithium-ion battery - 3.7 volts, - 1.2 volts. Alessandro Volta is considered the creator of the first battery (the value of the voltage value is formed from his surname). Volta pillar had a simple design - copper and tank mugs, and between them a piece of watts moistened in a solution of water and a cook salt. Today there is a huge number of current batteries, their full list is given at the end of the article.

Batteries are made of different capacities and voltage, depending on the consumption of the device for which they are intended. The battery voltage is measured in volts, the strength of the current amperers, and the power - watts. For example, if it is known that the current of the current of the battery is 10 amp / hour, and the voltage is 6 volts, and it is necessary to know its power, then according to the Ohm's law, we get 6 volts * 10 amp \u003d 60 watts. In this way, you can easily know the third parameter. The time comes when the battery is discharged. As chemical energy exhausted, the voltage and current of the battery fall, the battery stops working. You can charge the battery from any source of permanent or pulse current. Standard is considered charging Tok In 1/10 nominal capacity of the battery (in amps / clock).

Discuss the article Types of batteries

Under the battery, you should understand the source of the electric current, which consists of several batteries. Such combination of elements makes it possible to obtain current current or voltage much more, depending on the parallel or sequential connection method.

To date, there are several types of batteries that differ from each other with electrolyte composition and electrodes material. Most people have heard earlier and know that there are all sorts of nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion, lead-acid rechargeable batteries. However, from all this diversity on cars as starter batteries Apply exclusively lead. Such a choice is not profitable, because these batteries have the ability to give a high current in a short period of time, while other batteries do not cope with it. But along with this it is worth saying that lead and acid - extremely harmful substancesSo car enthusiasts have to put up with it. As for the battery buildings, they are made of acid-resistant plastics.

Types of automotive batteries

In the modern production of batteries for electrodes, non-pure lead is used, but with various additives that are divided into several types.

· Antimunct or traditional batteries;

· Minor batteries;

· Calcium batteries;

· Hybrid batteries;

· Gel or AGM batteries;

· Alkaline batteries;

· Lithium-ion batteries.

Antician batteries

The batteries of this type in the composition of the plates contain ≥5% antimony. Often such batteries are called traditional or classic. However, this name is no longer so relevant, because modern classic batteries contain much less antimony.

Antimony is added to lead to increase the strength of the plates. Also, this additive contributes to a sharp increase, accelerate the electrolysis process starting at 12 volts. The released gases (oxygen and hydrogen) create the impression of boiling water. Due to the evaporation of water in large quantities, the electrolyte concentration changes and the electrodes (their upper edges) are broken. Distilled water is poured as compensation in the battery.

With a high content of antimony, this is often serviced batteries, as you need to check the electrolyte density in the battery at least once a month, as well as to fill water.

Today, the batteries of this type are not installed on the machines, because other, more innovative types have long been developed and operated. Antimunct batteries still work on stationary installationswhere the unpretentiousness of the power supply is more important for other questions. Automotive batteries are made without antimony or with its low content.

Lightweight batteries

Trying to achieve a smaller "boiling" of water, the developers began to produce batteries with a reduced amount of antimony (less than 5%). This factor eliminated the need to constantly monitor the level of electrolyte. Also significantly reduced the level of self-discharge battery during storage.

This type is called non-serviced, arguing that they do not require a certain care. Of course, the term "maintenanceable" is rather marketing, because it did not work out completely to get rid of the problem of "bumping". Water from the electrolyte Cead "rolls out" anyway, although in smaller quantities.

But such batteries have a huge plus. They are absolutely undemanding to the electrical equipment of the machine. Even the voltage of the on-board power grid does not provoke changes in the characteristics of this battery, in contrast to, say, gel or calcium batteries.

Malossur-shirt are often used to install on domestic carswhich today can not provide stable on-board voltage. It is also worth saying that the batteries of this type are much cheaper than the same gel batteries.

Calcium batteries

Another solution, which allowed to reduce the "swallowing" of water is the use of other material in the lattices, and not antimony. Calcium became the most optimal solution. Usually, this type Wearing "CA / CA" marking, which means calcium content in the plates of both poles. Also often in the plates add a small amount of silver - this reduces the internal resistance of the battery and increase the energy intensity and efficiency of the battery.

Calcium use made it possible to significantly reduce gas release and water loss. In fact, the loss of water began so insignificant that the need to check the density lost its relevance. These batteries are rightly called non-serviced.

Also, calcium, except for the weak "bumping" of water, have a reduced level of self-discharge, which allows these batteries to maintain their properties for a long time.

The use of calcium instead of antimony made it possible to significantly increase the water electrolysis voltage to 16 volts. But, despite all the indicated pluses of this battery, it also has cons:

· Capriciousness in relation to the project. It is enough to defuse a battery several times and the energy intensity level is irreversibly reduced, that is, the amount of current decreases sharply. As a rule, after such an incident, the battery can no longer perform its functions, and it is changed. This minus should be called the most important disadvantage of the battery of this type.

· Calcium batteries are extremely sensitive to the onboard network of the machine - poorly carry sharp voltage drops. It is worth considering this nuance before purchasing the battery.

· Also minus battery in its very high costAlthough it is rather no disadvantage, but a forced fee for quality.

Often calcium batteries are installed on the Middle range foreign cars, that is, on cars with high-quality electrical equipment, where stability is guaranteed. By buying a calcium battery, it should be noted that it is much more demanding of a minority, but due to this type will be the key to success, and you will get a reliable power source.

Hybrid rechargeable batteries

As a rule, such batteries are indicated by "CA +". Plates of electrodes of such batteries are made according to different technologies: positive plates - minority, negative plates - calcium. Such a combination makes it possible to combine positive traits These batteries. "Ringing" water in such batteries is much less than that of minor, but more than that of calcium. But resistance to redevelopments and reloads are significantly higher.

The characteristics of hybrid batteries allow them to occupy a place between minor batteries and calcium batteries.

Gel and AGM rechargeable batteries

And AGM batteries contain electrolyte in the associated state, and not in the "classic" liquid form. Such a gelling state of the electrolyte and led to the definition of the name of the type of battery.

Engineers for many years have been looking for outputs from a variety of rechargeable batteries. Samoa an important problem There was always a shower of the active substance from the plates of electrodes and it was solved by adding additives to the lead - antimony or calcium. An important task was to ensure the safety of batteries, because the electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid, it could easily find out from the battery case during damage. Everyone knows how aggressive sulfuric acid. It was necessary to find a way to exclude the possibility of leakage of acid due to certain damage to the case. This problem Developers decided by converting liquid electrolyte to gel-like state. The gel is a tight and less fluid substance, which solved two tasks at once - the plates did not creep, since the dense gel kept them, and the electrolyte itself did not flow.

And, and AGM batteries have gel electrolyte. Their difference is that Agm also has a porous material between the plates, which additionally holds the electrolyte and protects the plates from squeezing. Abbreviation "AGM" is decoded as follows - Absorbent Glass Mat (absorbent glass material). and agm battery have similar features, Therefore, under gel batteries will be in mind and AGM.

Thanks to fixing the gel in the battery, the battery is not afraid of slopes. Moreover, manufacturers say that such a battery can be easily operated in any position. But, despite such loud statements, it is not necessary to exploit a similar type of batteries in, say, an inverted state.

Wonderful vibration resistance is not the only plus gel batteries. Such batteries have a low self-discharge rate, which allows you to store them for a very long time. Store this type of battery follows in the charged state. Gel batteries They have an excellent ability - they can give a high current up to the discharge, and absolutely not afraid of overlap.

If the discharge of such batteries is not terrible, then the charge of such batteries is a factor more capricious. Such batteries are unacceptable to charge in an accelerated rhythm. The charging process must be carried out with a weak current using special chargers that are suitable only. gel batteries. Now on the market you can buy a universal charger, capable of obtaining the manufacturer, charge any type of batteries, but preference should still be given to a special device.

But, to prematurely regret gel car batteries In low temperatures, behave much worse. When the temperature is reduced, the gel partially loses its electrical conductivity.

Absolute tightness, relative vibration resistance, actual maintenance allows you to apply gel batteries on that technique to which a classic battery cannot be installed:

· Motorcycles (motorcycles often deviate from the vertical plane);

· Sea and river transport (permanent pitching);

· Uninterruptible power sources;

· And cars. Often, such batteries are operated on foreign cars, because the price of such batteries is quite high.

Alkaline rechargeable batteries

As an electrolyte, the battery may contain not only acid, but also alkali. There are many different types of alkaline batteries, however, consider those that are used in cars.

Car battery alkaline May be two types:

· Nickel-cadmium;

· Nickel-iron.

Nickel-cadmium battery has positive plates coated with NiO nickel hydroxide (OH), and negative is a mixture of iron and cadmium. The nickel-iron battery has the same positive plates (that is, coated as in the nickel-cadmium battery) - nickel hydroxide. It differs only by a negative electrode - in this battery it is made of pure iron. As an electrolyte in both types there is a solution of caustic potassium.

Plates in alkaline batteries are packaged in "envelopes" from a thin perforated metal plate. The active substance will also be pressed, which allows to significantly increase the vibration resistance of the battery.

Alkaline possess an interesting feature: Nickel-cadmium batteries have positive electrodes for one more than negative. Nickel-iron batteries in turn have negative electrodes more. Also, a feature of such batteries is that the flow of chemical reactions does not require an electrolyte consumption, therefore it is not necessary to add it.

Advantages and disadvantages of alkaline batteries

Alkaline possess a number of benefits to acid batteries:

the ideal tolerability of rearrangements, moreover, there is an opinion that it is better to recharge such a battery than on the contrary, it is not possible;
the battery is capable of stored in a fully discharged state without losing its characteristics;
excellent work in low temperatures, which allows the engine to be surely to start the winter during the year;
Self-discharge of such batteries is lower than acid;
alkaline batteries do not distinguish harmful evaporation, in contrast to acid;
Alkaline batteries are able to accumulate much more energy per unit mass, which allows longer to give out the current.

But, along with this, there are disadvantages:

Alkaline batteries give a smaller voltage than acid, as a result, you need to combine a lot of "cans" to achieve the desired voltage. Because of this, the dimensions of the alkaline battery are much larger than that of the acid battery.
Alkaline batteries are much more expensive than acid batteries.

To date, alkaline are used, as a rule, as traction batteries. As for starting batteries, their huge dimensions allow us to use such batteries only on trucks.

Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (and its subspecies) are the most promising elements as an electric current source.

Chemical elements of this current carrier are lithium ions. Today it is not possible to reliably describe the material from which the electrodes are manufactured, as the technology is constantly being improved. Of course, it is possible to say that at first, lithium was used as negative plates, but these were too explosive. After some time, the developers began to use graphite in the manufacture of electrodes. Positive plates used to be made from lithium oxides with manganese or cobalt, but now they are replaced by lithium-phosphate lithium-phosphate, because this material is less toxic, cheap and environmentally friendly.

The most important advantages of lithium-ion batteries are:

high capacity per unit mass;
high voltage (one element can give about 4 volts);
low self-discharge.

There are also some drawbacks of this type of batteries:

hypersensitivity K. temperature regime. Low temperatures worsen the quality of these batteries. This is probably the main problem Such batteries over which developers work.
small cycles (about 500);
these are "aging." For a certain time there is a decrease in the capacity of the battery. This is not a "memory effect" and not self-discontinued, do not confuse. However, work on this problem is continuously carried out;
hypersensitivity to deep discharges;
the low power that is not enough for use as a starter battery. The forces of the current current is enough to supply various devices, but it is extremely small for the start of the engine.

When engineers still decide the problem with disadvantages, lithium-ion will replace the classic acid battery.

Every day, hundreds of scientists work on improving all types of batteries. Research centers are constantly asked: how to reduce the size of how to create a frost-resistant battery, and others.

Very serious direction - ensuring environmental friendliness, because modern technologies cannot do without applying in the work of poisonous substances (for example, lead or sulfuric acid).

It is unlikely that traditional lead-acid have their own future. AGM batteries are an intermediate stage in evolution. The battery in the future will not have a liquid, it will look in arbitrary form, and will also have a lot of other parameters that will enable car owners in full enjoy the trip and not nervous due to what can refuse at any time.

The average service life of the car battery is considered to be equal to 5 years. Of course, it depends on the set of factors, and first of all from the owner of the car. But sooner or later, anyone will have to change, and here a variety of proposals in stores can drive into a stupor. It is worth trying to figure out what now we can offer our industry in choosing a battery.

Types of batteries (AKB)

Scheme of lead-acid battery

The lead-acid battery device is simply: in each cell, two lead plates are in a solution of sulfuric acid. It has many advantages: cheap in the manufacture, is able to give a high current in a pulse mode, which when starting the engine is a critical factor, it is capable of carrying significant temperature differences. That is why so far in the automotive industry dominates this type of battery.

However, cons of the classic lead-acid battery is no less serious.

Firstly, it is a significant gas formation, especially when recharging, which does not allow you to make batteries of this type with hermetic: during the coup, the strait of the caustic electrolyte is inevitable, its drops can be taken out and hydrogen itself, the explosive itself. Partially this problem is solved by complex labyrinth seals in the so-called "non-servant" batteries.
Further, these batteries are extremely heavy: the plates are coated with lead sulfate crystals, their active area is reduced, and the crystals falling into the precipitate again exempt the lead to react with acid - the plate is irreversibly destroyed.
And finally, the formation of hydrogen during charging is forced to regularly add distilled water into the battery, so it is important to know.

Video: Free Battery Varta Remote to the serviced

2. Unqualified batteries

In the maintenance-free battery, the modified composition of the plates is applied - the addition of calcium reduces the release of hydrogen to a minimum, and the calcium tall is the batteries during operation do not require. But, unlike classic batteries, they have become sensitive to reload: in the "pricked" ordinary battery can be added water, but the owners of the maintenance-free batteries are deprived of this possibility. In addition, in many batteries of this type, the volume of plates is reduced, which is why the resource suffers.

The choice is not "purely calcium" (CA / CA), but "hybrid" batteries (CA +), where positive electrodes are made of antimony lead and have an enlarged thickness - such batteries noticeably longer do not lose their container.

3. AGM batteries

The fight against the destruction of plates with a deep discharge led to the appearance of AGM batteries: they have a space between the plates filled with a sorbent impregnated with electrolyte. Naturally, the AGM battery plates can no longer be "crumbled", such batteries are much better than usual tolerate shocks and vibrations. The lack of risk of sweeping allows you to make the plates porous, and the increased area of \u200b\u200bcontact with the electrolyte is the growth of the tank and the starter current. But the risk of damage when recharging here is even higher.

4. Gel battery

Development Limit aGM technology - These are in which the electrolyte itself is thickened with silicon compounds. Their main dignity is the possibility of recoiling huge currents in impulse mode and insensitivity to a deep discharge, but pay for it is the highest price. Such batteries are usually used in tuning: as traction for winches, for powering powerful audio systems, due to a small weight, with sufficient capacity, installed on sports cars and motorcycles.

So, what battery then choose? The answer is simple: the owner of the old car, where the generator malfunction is quite likely, an increased discharge of a battery with a regular electrician, the classic battery is best suited - it will take a reload due to the relay regulator failure, can be recharged from the most primitive charger and after a deep discharge "reanimize" Powerful current pulses.

For regular maintenance It will exceed the resource maintenance-free calcium, which is much better suited a new car. Consider the acquisition of an AGM battery is then when each amp-hour of capacity and amp of starter current is important, for example, car Infinitiwhere multi-liter motors are launched by compact batteries.

The gel battery is an expensive acquisition that will be justified only in cases where it really needs weight savings or maximum current consideration.

Video: 10 best batteries for cars

Tokotdach

For a rough comparison of two batteries, it is convenient to operate with a cold scroll current, usually displayed according to EN standard: this number determines the current that the battery gives when cooling to -18 ° C with a maximum voltage decrease to 7.5V for 10 seconds. However, for real winter operating The concept is more important Backup capacity: The time that the battery can give the current fixed value. These characteristics are often polar: a battery that can give a high current in one pulse, quickly landed under constant load, while the battery with a smaller pulse current processing with a smaller probability will "die" from the ignition included in the interval between the starter scrolls.

Accumulator rating

From the most common batteries, let's try to choose the most best models 2016. To adequacy, the comparison will choose the battery of the most popular capacity - 65 amps-hours.

Classic lead acid batteries

The regular winner of the tests of various car publications cannot boast of super-modern technologies, but it only benefits: thick plates guarantee a good resource, the battery demonstrates excellent current-matt on the cold - and buyers choosing a budget battery, these parameters are most important. By the way, it is possible to approximately estimate the resource of the battery with simple weighing: lightweight thin plates are much more sensitive to sulfate and the effects of vibrations. "Tyumen", weighing almost 17 kilograms, may argue with famous brands that lead clearly save.

The minuses of the battery cannot be called critical: an uncomfortable handle (for its weight even seemingly loaf), the lack of "peeper" of the area - but, on the other hand, it can be elementary, reloading the cork.

Another domestic battery is more expensive than "Tyumen Premium", although according to the declared starter current is weaker (540 AG against 590). However, her weight is even more than 17 kilograms, which is a good application for a long-term resource - and according to the reviews of the owners of the battery truly withstands several years of work without significant deviations of the capacity or current of the cold scrolling.

From the disadvantages it is worth noting the lack of central ventilation: each battery bank "breathes" through its ventilation hole in the plug, contamination can lead to a swift or even a "shoot" of the plug during charge with a large current - for example, after chilling a car in winter. It is worth watching the cleanliness of the battery.

Unqualified calcium batteries

In terms of quality prices, these batteries do not hold confident leadership positions. In their production, only negative electrodes are docked by calcium, while positive are made from a classic anti-straw alloy. This, in turn, guarantees batteries an excellent resource even with frequent deep discharges, which confirms the practice.

For residents of the northern regions, the durability of the battery to the frost will be particularly relevant to the cold scrolling current, it can give a long time to confidently run a good engine.

The Turkish manufacturer in the tests most often turns out to be a stable "middle manner" - without showing leadership results by neither starter current, nor on the backup capacity in the cold, it can demonstrate worthy of respect for the constancy of the characteristics regardless of the party or year of release. For the Calcium Silver series, this statement is more than fair - the purchase of this AKB guarantees confidence in its performance for several years without the need for any service. Add to this and quite a budget price. By the mass of Mutlu Lead, by the way, surpasses Varta almost half a kilogram.

AGM batteries

This battery line was designed specifically for vehicles with the start-stop system, where the batteries have often to give pulse currents of a large value and quickly fill out charge. Therefore, it is not surprising that on ordinary cars in short trips around the city, it demonstrates excellent performance.

Winter tests The battery passes confidently: here the calculation on fast and frequent Tokotdach also works "on the hand": although with a long scrolling of the starter speed and fall, but after a small Pause Varta is able to twist the engine beyond many analogues from its price category. Even if you remember the added weight of the filler, the battery will also look solid on the scales - 17.6 kg: technology technologies, and without sufficient sizes and thickness of the plates to achieve such characteristics, it would not (and the stated starter current in 680 A for the battery capacity of 60 A * h is a record indicator).

The main disadvantage of this battery is the price that many buyers will scare away. However, in its characteristics it deserves attention, and first of all - on reserve capacity in winter: for vehicles with large engine volume, and especially diesel. The claimed current of the cold scroll here is 640 A, and the battery confidently performs the manufacturer's promises. By weight, the battery does not lose Varta, also being one of the most height in its class.

Car rechargeable battery (abbreviated battery) is one of the most important elements vehicle. Akb is a type of electrical battery used on a car or moto transport. Used to start the motor, as well as on the onboard network as an auxiliary energy source with a non-working engine. In winter, the problem of the reliability of the battery is key. In the cold season from the state of the battery, the ease of motor starting depends. And if the battery is old, plus it is a strong cold on the courtyard - a car owner appears stable trouble with the start of the engine. Endless home recharging batteries and, consequently, closure and sprinkling plates. All this is too troublesome for any, even the most endless driver. Therefore, most car owners prefer to take care of a new battery in time. There are several types car batteries. All of them are quite different and choose the one that is most suitable for your car is not so simple. About this further in the article.

Unfortunately, when purchasing a new battery, most car owners believe that the more expensive the battery, the more reliable and better. To some extent, this statement is correct, but not one hundred percent. The whole problem is that there are different cars and different types batteries. Naturally, each of them is designed for certain operational conditions. And if you do not take it into account, it is likely that by buying even the most expensive battery, you will again have to buy a new power source for your car.

The main characteristics of the automotive battery are the rated voltage and the nominal container. Rated voltage is the voltage indicator on the outputs of the charged battery after the end of the charge. For automotive batteries it is six or twelve volts. The second indicator denotes the number of electrical energy that should have acB over time. It is measured in amp-hours, and its value is indicated when the AKB is designated.

Each manufacturer's plant necessarily carries out the automotive battery labeling, which gives all the necessary battery data. So, the first digit in any case indicates the number of battery cells, which can be three or six. Depending on this, the rated battery voltage will be 6 or 12 volts. Then let the letters of the art, which decrypt as the starter. The subsequent number indicates the nominal capacity of the vehicle.

In addition, the battery marking contains both additional data. "A" testifies to the presence of a common lid. "Z" says that the battery is filled, if such a letter is absent in the designation, then this is a dried across the battery. Subsequent letters provide data on the material from which the housing is made: "T" - thermoplastic, "e" - ebony. If you see "M", then the separator is made with polyvinyl chloride, and the letter "P" indicates the presence of this element from polyethylene.

types of batteries

Car battles can be divided into three main categories: maintenance-free, partial maintenance and serviced.

The latter are extremely rare. The housing of such batteries is made of emissions, and the outside is sealed, for example, mastic. In serviced acb, you can replace any elements.

A little serviced battery are the most common. In special service and care they do not need. It is only necessary to maintain the desired electrolyte level and control its density. It all depends on which materials are performed by battery-powered electrodes. They are usually produced from lead with a minimal impurity of antimony.

Unqualified batteries do not require any human intervention during the entire life. They use the special design of the condension system and plates. To date, the data of the batteries are considered the highest quality, so the rates for them are quite high.

Non-servant batteries can be divided into two types - calcium and hybrid.

Calcium acb is the most expensive, electrodes are made from lead and calcium alloy with tinnitus of tin, aluminum, and, in some cases, even silver.

Hybrid batteries are primitive - negative electrodes contain potassium, and positive plates produce from lead with a minor part of antimony.

The use of calcium significantly reduced electrolyte evaporation, as well as increased the service life of batteries - hybrid to five years, calcium up to seven years. Self-discharge in comparison with low-service batteries slowed down one and a half times.

However, the calcium durable battery does not withstand the absolute discharge. If it is completely discharged several times, calcium sulphate is formed on the positive plates, as a result of which the automotive battery will lose capacity.

Therefore, in hybrid calcium batteries, only in negative electrodes that are not afraid of the discharge are used. The hybrid battery is distinguished by a long service life, a small starting current and high capacity.

In addition, the battery differ in technologies that are used in production:

Battery device

Akb, having a rated voltage of 12 volts, as a rule, consists of six autonomous cells from each other, which have a smaller voltage (two volts). They assembled in one case and connected in series.

The principle of battery operation is quite simple. When the load is connected, the charged particles begin to move into the battery, as a result of which the current appears. When charging from the charger or generator, the charge voltage significantly exceeds the battery voltage, which is why the movement of particles is carried out in the opposite direction.

Reviews of batteries

Most of the car owners before purchasing the desired battery model, necessarily watch the Internet reviews about it. Undoubtedly, it is correct, as it makes it possible to get product data directly from the consumer. However, there is an important nuance! In the modern world, it is already no secret to buying feedback for money, so it is not always objective.

Based on consumer data taken from various forums, and on the personal opinion of many professionals, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Varta and Bosch brand batteries have the same and fairly high quality. The equipment on which they do is produced in Italy, the USA, Germany. Modern production of the AKB occurs without the participation of a person, as a result of which it can be concluded that the quality of charging, assembly, plates identical at all factories.
VARTA SILVER and BOSCH S 5 premium batteries on average are able to serve from six to eight years. A medium life of such models like Varta Black, Varta Blue, Bosch S3, Bosch S4 is about five years.
A-MEGA batteries are capable of listening to six seven years.
IN this list It is worth highlighting batteries that belong to premium rules of world-famous companies - Delkor, Varta Silver, Bosch S5. There is an opinion that they can serve more than seven years.
The battery life of the medium price segment (Mutlu, Westa, ISTA) is from three to five years.
Batteries of unknown manufacturers, as a rule, worked about one or two years. Reviews about them are the most negative, so it is better to protect yourself from such purchases.

Most of the modern batteries of famous manufacturers, even cheap price categories, serve for about four years. Premium Class Batteries are able to work even longer. Naturally, the battery operating conditions also affect the battery life, and care for it.