How to restore a closed battery. The process of restoring automotive batteries in detail

It never hurts to understand what exactly happened to her and whether it is possible to restore it. It is often that ankb can be returned to life in one way or another, and it can work for a long time. Of course, it is always important to remember that the recovery of batteries is a process that requires specific skills in compliance with certain safety techniques. But if you learn it yourself, you can significantly reduce your cash spending. To deal with how it is done, you need to understand how they function.

Device and principle of operation

Content car batteries placed in a durable plastic case. There are two lead plates inside it, having charges with plus signs and minus, as well as a liquid electrolyte in the form. Not only lead can serve as a material for the manufacture of plates. For example, in many modern batteries, they are made of nickel or cadmium alloys.

When a current is supplied to a battery, it begins to accumulate energy and convert it into electrical. When the capacity of the capacity is reached, the battery becomes the energy storage with the outlet voltage of 12 V.

Why battery stops working

With each cycle, the "charge-discharge" plate of the battery is gradually damaged due to intense electrochemical processes inside car batteries. In addition, the auto accumulator does not like deep discharge and constant use at high voltage. And in that, and in another case, a process is called sulfate. In other words, on the plates (if they are lead) forms a hard-soluble lead sulfate, which ultimately becomes the main reason for the exit of the battery. If the plates of the battery are integers, you can see white flag. In this case, shown.

When recovery is impossible

If the electrolyte inside was black or brown-colored, most likely, the restoration of the battery is no longer possible. If the battery swelling and swept, it should be disposed of immediately.

Plates can crumble or crumble at all, as a result of which one or more "cans" can occur in the battery. After the closure, the restoration of the car battery is also not recommended. Therefore, you always need to look what happened inside the battery before it is to engage in its recovery - of course, observing the possible security technique.

In order not to bring the power source to such a state, follow.

Restoring car battery

Despite the fact that there are no step-by-step guides to restore batteries, many motorists have long been recovered with their own hands.

In popular publications and even on the street still flashed ads that someone engaged in the buying old acid accumulators. Usually, such purchaskers themselves "reanimate" old acb, and then sell them at reasonable prices.

There are many ways to make self-restored car battery. One of the most reliable and popular - with the help of a special additive. Before starting the process, the old electrolyte of the battery is drained, and the inside is thoroughly washed with distilled water. At the same time, in the course of the case, the state of the battery is also evaluated: what the plates look like, how well the plastic case is preserved, and so on.

In the electrolyte, which has a density of 1.28 Gy / cm 3, the desulfatoric additive dissolves, and the solution is left in such a state for two days. All the necessary proportions are indicated in the additive guide. The electrolyte is poured into the battery with a mandatory check of its density. The jacks of "cans" of the battery are dismissing and turns on charger. There are several "charge-discharge" cycles of the battery to raise its capacity. The entire charging process is carried out with a current with rates of 10% of the maximum.

The battery should not be very hot, it is impossible to allow its "boiling". Monitor the voltage indicator: when it stabilizes from 13.8 to 14.4 in reducing the current supply to 5%. Wait for about two hours, control the density indicator in the electrolyte. If during this time it remains unchanged, the battery charged, and you can stop the charging process.

If the electrolyte density is higher than the desired, it must be adjusted using distilled water, and if it, on the contrary, is higher, to add a higher density electrolyte in the battery.

Now it is necessary to immediately discharge the battery by connecting the load in the form of a small light bulb. Current feed small, 1 A for a 12-volt battery, or 0.5 A for 6-volt. Control the voltage before it is reduced: 10.2 V for AKB in 12 V, or 5.1 V for AKB in 6 V. Several time and calculate the container purchased by the battery after recovery. For this, the discharge current is multiplied at its time. If the container is small, the cycle is repeated.

In conclusion, add a small amount of desulfatizing additive into the battery and screw the corks back. As practice shows, such a battery will work for several years.

Restoration by the method of ransom

Little from the course of chemistry and the quality of battery plates

Before carrying out the restoration of lead batteries with the help of cakes, it is necessary to recall once again that the two lead plates inside it contain different charges: one consisting directly from lead, "minus", and the other, from lead dioxide - "plus". Usually, the most hard process of desulfation is the dioxide plate. It is clearly visible on the examples of some batteries. chinese productionwhich can be of no matter quality.

If it comes to such a recovery method like a battery cakes, experienced motorists in one voice argue that the quality of any old Soviet battery is distinguished by the enviable strength of lead plates, and therefore even the most "terry" instance is theoretically subject to restoration in this way. In practice, there were cases when the battery, who stood somewhere in the garage of 20 years and more, was not bad for the recovery process. It is said that the container in such cases managed to return by 70%.

Reversing process: change polarity

The battery is discharged to zero voltage indicators, which is controlled by measurements at a voltmeter on its poles. In order for the discharge to be performed faster, the load is connected to the battery in the form of a small light bulb. Usually, if the battery capacity is low, then it discharges quickly, and the light bulb ceases to burn. Then the polarity of the battery is changed: the positive plates become minus, and the minus - the advantages. Charging the battery is already with this ransom.

Weighted battery: charge correctly

It is very important to remember that the current indicator when charging the outed battery should not exceed 2 A. if the current is greater, the already weakened plates, especially the positive lead dioxide, can completely collapse. The outed battery will begin very much and quickly warm. The maximum temperature of its heating is 50 ° C, while 60 ° C is an already upper, critical mark. Voltage - 14.2-14.4 V.

If the heating temperature becomes above 60 ° C, immediately reduce the current up to 1,5a as follows: reduce the voltage up to 14.2 or even 14 V, but not lower than 13.8 V. Next charge the battery with such indicators. It should be rechaced, as usual, up to 12.7 V. If the battery of an unknown, doubtful production, is better to immediately reduce the current indicator to 1.5 A, because 2 A is quite a large voltage.

Of course, during the charging process after the reversing, the voltage will grow, and the battery can be heated. When banks begin to "boil", and the voltage will reach 14 V and above, the battery needs to be removed from charging and check. As a rule, all sulfates with such intensive boiling processes dissolve, and the outed battery restores its container to about 80%.

Method of double cakes: The battery should be discharged with a light bulb and transfer terminals to previous places. Then again discharge the battery "at zero" and charge again. After such a stirring, the battery can fully work for 2-3 years.

Restoring Akb not subject to maintenance

Thus, each of the proposed methods for restoring car batteries requires certain efforts, attentiveness and caution, but if these methods are mastered and applied in practice, you can get rid of the need for additional financial expenses for some time.

Running car engines and others power plants carried out by the starter representing a special electrical engine. To create a starting point, it requires electricity obtained from an external source - battery. However, over time, during operation, the battery may have different malfunctions, and then the owners have a question how to restore the battery. This task is solved different ways, depending on the design and technical status Batteries, using special equipment and tools.

Acid accumulator device

The main function of the battery is a short-term powerful power supply to the starter, which ensures the launch of various power plants. For a short time, the AKB supplies with electricity all the on-board devices before starting the engine, after which the power to them begins to be generated by the generator. For cars, devices of two types are produced - acid and alkaline battery. Recovery activities most often concern the first option, which will be considered in more detail as an example.

All batteries have a fairly reliable design, but despite this, damage and malfunction occur due to improper maintenance or non-accurant operation. If the acidic battery is old, then it does not make any sense to repair it. As a rule, restoration activities are carried out with respect to comparatively new AKB. To do this, it is necessary to represent the design of these devices.

Any battery is placed in a closed plastic case, from which two plus and minus terminals come out. The design assumes the ability to maintain the battery or the model is non-maintained. In the first case, in the top of the case there are holes closed by corks. In the second case, these structural elements are absent, with the exception of one small hole through which gases are removed. Such devices have improved characteristics.

The internal space of the housing is divided into 6 parts, called sections or banks. They are filled with working elements - lead plates with a positive or negative value on which the active substance is applied. The plates of the battery are arranged alternately so that the plus alternate with a minus. There is a separator between them, eliminating the possibility of accidental contact. The plates are connected to the common blocks on each of which the output jumper is installed connected to the bridge. Thus, all elements are connected to a single bridge and are displayed on the terminals.

Principle of operation of AKB

Education and transmission of electricity in AKB is carried out by chemical reactions. To this end, the electrolyte is poured into each bank, which is a solution in which acid and distilled water mixed in strictly defined doses.

The battery cannot independently generate electricity, it only gets it from foreign sources and saves for a certain time. In the process of charging, electricity enters the terminals, after which it is converted into chemical energy. Distinguishing, the battery enters the return process when the chemical energy turns into an electric current.

When the load is connected to the battery, the reaction between the spongy lead, located on the negative plates, lead dioxide with a positive plate and electrolyte. As a result, electricity release occurs, which is then used for its intended purpose. At the same time, negative plates are coated with a layer of lead sulfate. During the charging of the battery, the entire process occurs in the reverse order, after which the sulfate is dissolved in electrolyte, and the positive plates are coated with a layer of lead dioxide.

Basic battery malfunctions

Positive and negative batteries plates are placed in a closed plastic container, the electrolyte is poured inside, which is a solution of hydrochloric acid. Together with lead plates, it forms a so-called galvanic pair. The terminals comes with a current from the generator or charger. When it accumulates in sufficient quantity, the battery itself turns into an electricity source.

The loss of electricity spent on the start and other needs is filled with the generator. However, after a certain time of accumulated stocks, it becomes not enough for normal operation. During operation, aging plates occurs. In some cases, the battery can be reanimated. But for this you first need to accurately determine the cause of the non-working battery state to restore the car's car at home.

Most often, the battery fails due to the sulfation of lead electrodes. In the case of deep discharge, the crystals do not have time to dissolve. In addition, sulfate occurs due to regular insufficient charging and continuous storage of the battery in a state of complete discharge. It is easily determined visually, just just unscrew the plugs and take a look at the plates, the coating with a light brown bloom.

In other cases, in the presence of sulfate, the battery begins to quickly skip when charging, it does not rotate the starter engine and sits down for several minutes even under a slight load. The housing is covered with a white bloom and return the original state is already problematic.

Another widely known cause of the ACB fault lies in the destruction of the plates and their further crepe. The main external feature is black electrolyte. In the event of the destruction of many lattices, repairing such a battery becomes impossible and it is no longer subject to restoration.

The malfunction of the batteries is often associated with the closure of the plates located nearby. They deform or hang out, and at the bottom of the housing is a sediment is formed, causing a closer to one of the sections. In this case, the electrolyte in this bank does not boil when charging, or boiling comes very slowly. Voltage does not grow at all or rises extremely weakly. In this case, it is not known whether it is possible to return the device to the initial state.

Sometimes the battery fails due to the freezing of the electrolyte. This happens when the battery is in the cold in a state of severe discharge. If the housing is broken with ice, then the plates most likely deformed and closed. As a whole, the battery should be deforn in a warm place and then try to solve the task how to restore the battery.

Before repairing the case, the case needs to be cleaned. Dirt is removed from its surface, after which it is washed with a soda solution in order to neutralize the electrolyte. Terminals are cleaned from the native of medium emery paper. Sometimes after cleaning the terminals, the battery immediately partially restores its performance.

Desulfation by the method of KTTS

As a result of sulfate on the surfaces of the plates there is a sulfate lead that prevents electrolyte penetration into the depth of the active mass. For this reason, some part of the mass no longer participates in chemical reaction. Therefore, in the battery there is an increase in internal resistance, which is why the container falls. The battery cannot be fully charged and very quickly loses the dialed charge.

One of the main methods for solving the problem, how to restore the car battery is considered a control and training cycle, with which sulfate can be eliminated at an early stage, and the battery capacity is restored. The essence of the method consists in charging and discharge, which are performed by a single cycle. It is necessary to prepare a charger, a voltmeter, a carometer, a consumer as a load and can be restored.

Initially, the battery is fully charged. For this, the current is used, which makes up 10% of the nominal capacity of the AKB. That is, the battery for 60 amps-hours will require a current, 6 amp force. At the end of the charging, the electrolyte density is checked in all banks, which is normal to be 1.27. If the indicator is less than the denomination, it is necessary to raise the density to the desired level and another half an hour to charge the battery for mixing the electrolyte.

Next, the control discharge is performed using the load connected to the terminals. In this case, the consumed electricity is not more than 10% of the battery tank. In the process of discharge, periodic stress measurements are performed, which should decrease on terminals to 10.2. This indicator corresponds to the full category of the device. At the same time, you need to monitor the discharge time. The new battery is required for about 10 hours. Less discharge time corresponds to greater loss of battery capacity. Thus, the task is solved, how to restore the battery of the car.

The battery should not be discharged too long. After full discharge It should be immediately delivered for charging until the charge is completely restored. As a result of this operation, the capacity is restored, and the internal resistance of the battery is reduced after lowering sulfate.

Replacing electrolyte

Sometimes the electrolyte contained in the banks becomes muddy and becomes black. In this case, it is required to replace it. This condition is characteristic of short circuits or old batteries that have not been used for a long time. One of the ways to restore the car battery is considered to be an electrolyte replacement.

The spoiled fluid must be merged by pulling it with rubber pear. Pulling the electrolyte is recommended not only with spoiled, but also from all other cans.

Distilled water is poured into empty banks, after that the battery case must be slightly shaking and perform drain. You cannot turn over the battery, otherwise the sediment particles can be stuck between the plates. The procedure is repeated repeatedly until the water is clean.

• The electrolyte with a density of 1.28 is poured and defended during the day until the air will come from the inside.
• Charging the strength of 0.1, but until the density is completely restored. The electrolyte should not be very boiled, and the housing is heated greatly. If necessary, charging is interrupted so that the liquid is cooled. The battery must recharge up to 14-15 volts.
• After checking the testimony of the area, the current decreases and remains for another 2 hours. If the density during this time remained at the same level, the charging can be stopped.

Using current 0.5 amp old battery discharged to 10 volts. Upon reaching the voltage of this mark in less than 8 hours, the entire previous cycle should be repeated. If everything is normal, the battery is charging until its nominal value.

Repair of automotive batteries can be performed independently, if you understand the process and take into account the composition and features of the AKB.

When maybe you need to repair automotive batteries?

We list the main types of faults at which the car battery resuscitation is performed:

• the (internal) network in the battery - occurs when the mechanical effect disrupts the integrity of the terminals and plates;
• deformation as a result of swelling of the blocks of plates;
• closure of plates, leading over time to sprinkling in acb active elements;
• sulfate plates, which is usually due to excessive discharge;
• damage to the case or cans (and sometimes both of the specified elements) AKB.

If we are talking about block deformation, the repair of the car battery does not make sense.

It will be much cheaper and easier to purchase a new battery (in this case, neither the intensive care of the laptop battery or the restoration of the battery is not performed mobile phonenor any other device).

A similar situation is observed in damage to cans or hull. Theoretically, the repair can be done, but its cost will be approximately identical to the price of a new battery.

When closed plates repair work will require smaller financial costs. But here it is worth noting that the restoration of the capacity of the automotive battery during closure can be trusted only by the pro, which operate in conditions of well-equipped car services. Specialists are advisable to charge and restore.

Restoring the car battery do it yourself

Alone, any motorist is capable of performing the operation of desulfation of plates of the battery. It occurs when it occurs when the battery is required to return its former performance, impaired as a result of deposits on salt accumulator plates.

The procedure is performed as follows:

• In the electrolyte, they dissolve the additive with desulfating capabilities (finding the specified additive in the auto shops is easy). The electrolyte density should be 1.28 g / cm3.
• Pour the resulting mixture into the battery.
• Connect charging and at a small current charge the battery. After the terminals voltage becomes 13.8-14.4 V, it is necessary to reduce the current even more, to measure the density of the mixture. After 120 minutes, the electrolyte density is again determined. If the results of both measurements are identical, your battery got the charge it needs.

After all these operations, the battery is discharged, which will provide the "resuscitation" of the battery capacity. This is done like this:

• current is limited;
• light bulb connects to the battery;
• waiting for the terminals will not reduce the voltage (up to 10.2 V);
• the current indicators and the discharge time, thereby determining the actual battery capacity.

If, when calculating the capacity of the battery, "does not reach" to the nominal, repeat the "Charging-discharge" cycle.

Fast vehicle battery recovery method

If the car battery does not hold a charge due to salt sediments on its plates, you can use another way to resuscitate AKB. The scheme of its execution is as follows.

Many cars have many, but do not everyone know how to restore the battery after breakdown. Car battery feeds vehicle Energy, but after several years he may fail. Under normal conditions, the device is enough for five years. If the battery has become given signs of breakage, which is not necessary to run to the store and get a new one. There are several ways to reanimate acb.

Signs of wear

To understand that the battery will soon fail, it is necessary to possess some information - learn the main signs. Without the necessary knowledge, the restoration of car batteries will be difficult. It will take carefully to follow your car. Only in this case it will be possible to take the necessary measures to repair, in particular the rechargeable battery.

There are several basic signs:

The battery can be restored almost in all cases, if it is not fully running. The operation can be quite expensive, but the money will go much less than when purchasing a new unit.

It is necessary to carefully refer to the operation of the battery and immediately notice various problems. From this will depend on the life expectancy of the AKB. Before you begin to directly restore the car, you need to find out which parts of the battery are subject to resuscitation.

Electrolyte density

The electrolyte is poured inside the rechargeable battery.. This substance is usually a kind of acid and water cocktail. If the battery nickel-cadmium or nickel-iron, then in this case the alkaline electrolyte is poured inside.

Before you start repairing the battery, you need to know the electrolyte density. To do this, use the device called an areaometer. It is not necessary to spend a lot of money on his purchase, it is selling absolutely in any store with auto parts. And you can also use a voltmeter to measure the density of the acidic solution. Turns off the equipment to the car terminals.

In the disconnected state, the numbers must be equal to about 11.9-12.5 V. After that, we turn on the car, gain 2500 revolutions and measure it again. If the voltage is equal to 13.9-14.4 volts, then the density within the normal range. In this case, the old battery must only be recharged. But, if the indicators are too small, you will need to restore.

Several ways to resuscitate:

Before restoring the acid solution, it is worth trying to simply recharge the equipment. Sometimes it happens that after such an easy procedure, all problems disappear.

If after charging, problems with electrolyte appear, then it is necessary to change the density of the solution in the battery.

Water in no way pour in sulfuric acid. It is very important. Otherwise, you can get very serious damage to the skin in the form of burns. Water will boil and will splash in different directions. Restoring car battery needs to be made carefully.

Destruction and closure of plates

If the plate collapsed on the battery or only the plates begin to collapse, then it is necessary to immediately take measures to recover. If the battery collapsed significantly, then it will not be possible to restore it.

That is why before resuscitation, you need to make sure that this is not a useless occupation. The process of destruction can be stopped only if it just started. A pretty embossed device to reanimate makes no sense.

If there were signs of destruction, you can immediately wash the jars:

1. First you need to fully discharge the device by connecting any load to the battery. For this purpose, a conventional light bulb is usually used.
2. All damaged mortar is removed from the cans. For this use rubber pear. The solution is placed in glass dishes, which was previously prepared.
3. Banks are wedged with distilled water until full purity. Akb When cleaning, you must constantly turn over and shake.
4. If there is a lot of dirt inside, and the crumb of coal is still limp, then the process is already irreversible, because it came far away. In such a variant, the battery is no longer subject to restoration.
5. When I achieved complete cleanliness, a new solution should be placed in the bank. Before this necessarily checked the density of the substance.
6. The battery is set to recharging so that the previous tension returned to the desired level.

When the cleaning operation is completed, and the device is fully charged, you need to check the electrolyte again and its density. If necessary, the indicators will have to lead to normal.

Diagnosis of sulfation

This is one of the most common problems associated with rechargeable battery. If normal operating conditions occur, during the discharge-charging in the battery there are certain processes. But when the car starts infrequently, the processes will be disturbed.

Sulfate crystals may appear on the plates. They are difficult to remove and they can lead to such consequences:

1. Battery capacity decreases.
2. Internal resistance increases.
3. The volume of the plates increases.

In most cases, sulfate begins to manifest itself if the car stands for a long time without use, it is overheated or critical current conditions are served. It can be understood that sulfate began, seeing the drop in charge.

To determine this indicator, you must use the tester. If a defect is found, you need to think about the ways to restore the battery in the next time. You need to act quickly until the device is still able to restore. For recovery it is necessary to use a special additive to the electrolyte. A desulfator is usually used, which dissolves the formed crystals. These were the main faults. Having studied them, you can learn how to reanimate the car battery at home.

Chemical methods of recovery

The chemical type of home battery recovery is quite effective. Professionals allocate three basic methods. Recovery options:

Not every degree of sulfate can be restored with your own hands. That is why it is desirable to notice this process as soon as possible by car.

So that the battery worked without interruption, you need to constantly and competently and perform uncomplicated tips:

1. Regularly will have to be observed for the electrolyte and its density. The main cause of boiling is the reload or overheating of the device. The faster the problem is discovered, the greater the chance of recovery.
2. If in the winter period the car is not used, the battery needs to be removed and placed in a well-heated room. If the battery is frozen, it will not be possible to restore.
3. Rated current - 0.1 from the capacity of the entire battery. If this threshold rises, the device will not restore.

These are very simple battery maintenance tips in proper state. Do not neglect them. Only in this case the battery will work for many years without interruptions. Restoring the car battery is not a difficult thing, but it will be necessary to make efforts and explore the main fault. After examining all the tips, you can understand how to restore the car battery on your own.

All batteries have a shelf life, with numerous charge-discharge cycles and a multitude of worked clocks, the battery loses its container and keeps the charge less and less.
Over time, the battery capacity is so falling that further operation becomes impossible.
Probably, many have already accumulated batteries from uninterruptibles (UPS), signaling and emergency lighting systems.

In the set of household and office equipment are lead acid batteries, and in independence from the battery brand and production technology, whether it is an ordinary serviced car battery, AGM, gel (GEL) or a small battery from a flashlight, they all have lead plates and acid electrolyte.
Upon completion of operation, such batteries cannot be thrown out because they contain lead, mostly they are waiting for the fate of disposal where lead is retrieved and processed.
But nevertheless, despite the fact that such batteries are mostly "non-servant", you can try to restore them returning them to the old capacity and use for some more time.

In this article, I will tell you about how Restore a 12 volt battery from UPSA by 7AHbut the method is suitable for any acid battery. But I want to warn that these measures should not be performed on a fully working battery, since in a serviceable battery to achieve the restoration of the capacity can only be right way Charging.

So we take the battery, in this case the old and discharged, we subsequent a screwdriver with a plastic cover. Most likely, it is point shoved to the body.

Having lifted the lid see six rubber caps, their task is not a battery maintenance, but the booming of the generated during charging and the operation of gases, but we will use them for our purposes.

We remove the caps and in each hole, with the help of a syringe, pour 3 ml of distilled water, it should be noted that other water is not suitable for this. And distilled water can be easily found in the pharmacy or in the car market, in the most extreme case there may be melt water from snow or clean rain.

After we fucked water, we set the battery for charging and charge it using a laboratory (adjustable) power supply.
We select voltages until some values \u200b\u200bappear charging Tok.. If the battery is in a bad condition of the charging current may not be observed, at first, in general.
Voltages need to be raised until the charging current appears at least 10-20mA. Having achieved such values \u200b\u200bof the charging current to be attentive, as the current will grow with time and will have to constantly reduce the voltage.
When the current comes to 100mA, it is not necessary to reduce the voltage. And when the charge current comes to 200mA, you need to turn off the battery for 12 hours.

Further connect the battery to charging again, the voltage should be so that the charging current for our 7Ah battery was 600mA. Also, permanently observing, support the specified current for 4 hours. But we look at the same charge, for a 12-volt battery, there was no more than 15-16 volts.
After charging, after about an hour, the battery needs to be discharged to 11 volts, it is possible to do this with the help of any 12-volt bulb (for example on 15wat).

After discharge, the battery needs to be charged with a current of 600mA. It is best to do this procedure several times, that is, a few cycles charge-discharge.

Most likely it will not be possible to return the nominal, since the sulfate plate has already lowered its resource, and moreover, there are other detrimental processes. But the battery can be further used in normal mode and the container will be enough for this.

About fast wear Accumulators in uninterrupted, the following reasons were noticed. Being in one case with a uninterruptible, the battery is constantly passive heating from the active elements (power transistors) which, by the way, heated to 60-70 degrees! Standing battery imprivation leads to a rapid evaporation of electrolyte.
In the cheap, and sometimes even some expensive UPS models, there is no charge thermocomption, that is, the charge voltage is displayed by 13.8 volts, but it is permissible for 10-15 marads, and for 25 degrees, and sometimes more and much more, the charge voltage should be Be a maximum of 13.2-13.5 volts!
A good solution will bear the battery outside the housing if you want to extend its service life.

Also affects the "permanent small charge" uninterrupted, 13.5 volts and a current of 300mA. Such a recharge comes to the fact that when the active spongy mass ends inside the battery, then the reaction begins in its electrodes, which comes to the fact that the lead of the current recesses on (+) becomes brown (PBO2) and on (-) becomes the "spongy".
Thus, with a constant reload, we obtain the destruction of the current and the "boiling" of the electrolyte with the release of hydrogen and oxygen, which leads to an increase in the concentration of electrolyte, which again contributes to the destruction of the electrodes. It turns out such a closed process that makes it clear the battery life rapid flow rate.
In addition, such a charge (transferred) is a large voltage and a current of which the electrolyte "boils" - translates the lead of the cocoquets into the powder oxide which over time crept and may even close the plates.

With active use (frequent charge), it is recommended to fill distilled water into the battery once a year.

Take only a fully charged battery with control as the level of electrolyte and voltage. Anyone case does not overflow better not to add it Because it is impossible to select it back, because sucking the electrolyte you deprive the battery of sulfuric acid and in consequence the concentration changes. I think it is clear that sulfuric acid is non-volatile, therefore, in the process of "boiling" during charging, it remains inside the battery - only hydrogen and oxygen comes out.

On the terminals we connect a digital voltmeter and a syringe for 5ml with a needle pour into each jar of 2-3ml of distilled water into each jar, at the same time shining inside the flashlight to stop if the water stopped getting off - after filling 2-3ml, see the bank - you will see how water quickly absorbs, and voltage The voltmeter drops (on the share of the Volta). We repeat the plot for each bank with pauses to absorb 10-20 seconds (approximately) until you see that the "glassate" is already wet - that is, the water is no longer absorbed.

After the topping, we examine whether there is no overflow in each bank of the battery, wipe the entire case, we set the rubber caps in place and we glue the cover into place.
Since the battery after the topping is shown about 50-70% of charging, you need to charge it. But the charging must be carried out or a controlled power supply or a uninterruptible or a regular device, but under the supervision, that is, during charging, you must just follow the battery status (you need to see the top of the battery). In the case of a uninterrupted manner, for this you have to make extension cords and output the battery outside the UPSA housing.

Under the battery, the platform napkins or cellophane bags, charge up to 100% and look, does not proceed from any electrolyte bank. If suddenly it happened, stop charging and remove the napkin. With the help of a napkin moistened in the soda solution, we clean the housing, all the depressions and terminals where the electrolyte fell, in order to neutralize the acid.
We find the bank from where it happened "bumping" and see if the electrolyte is visible in the window, we suck the surplus with a syringe, and then carefully and smoothly refuel this electrolyte back inside the fibers. It often happens that the electrolyte after the topping is not evenly absorbed and boiled up.
When re-charging, we observe the battery as described above and if the "problem" battery bank again starts to "stream" when charging, excess electrolytes will have to be removed from the bank.
Also, under the inspection, at least 2-3 full-time-charge cycle should be done, if everything went fine and there are no inclusions, the battery does not heat (light heating when charging does not count), then the battery can be collected in the case.

Well, now consider especially cardinal methods of resuscitation lead-acid batteries

From the battery, the entire electrolyte is drained, and the insides are washed first a couple of times with hot water, and then with a hot solution of soda (3h.l soda per 100 ml of water) leaving a solution in a battery for 20 minutes. The process can be repeated several times, and flush well from the residues of soda solution - poured a new electrolyte.
Then the battery day is charged, and later, for 10 days, 6 hours in a day.
For automotive batteries current up to 10 amps and voltage of 14-16 volts.

The second way is the inverse charge, for this procedure you will need a powerful voltage source, for automotive batteries, for example, a welding machine, a recommended current - 80Anper with a voltage of 20 volts.
Make a rally, that is, plus a minus and minus to the plus and for the course of half an hour "boil" the battery with its native electrolyte, after which the electrolyte is drained and washed with hot water battery.
A new electrolyte is fill on and observing a new polarity, for a day, a current of 10-15 amps is charged.

But the most effective way is done with Him. substances.
From a fully charged battery, the electrolyte is drained and after repeated washing with water, the ammonium solution of the trillion b (ethylenediaminetetrauxuscase sodium) is poured, containing 2 weight percentage of trilon b and 5 percent of ammonia. The process of desulfation is occurring for 40 - 60 minutes, for which gas is released with small splashes. Upon termination of such gas formation, one can judge the completion of the process. With a particularly strong sulfate, the ammonium solution of the trilder B should be pouring again, removing before it spent.
The accumulator procedure is thoroughly washed several times with distilled water and poured a new electrolyte of the desired density. The battery is charged with a standard way to a nominal container.
Regarding the ammonia solution of the trillion B, it can be found in chemical laboratories and stored in hermetic containers in a dark place.

In general, if it is interesting, then the composition of the electrolyte, which produces Lighting, Electrol, Blitz, Akkumulad, Phonix, Toniolyt and some others, is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (350-450g per liter) with the addition of sulfate salts of magnesium, aluminum, sodium, ammonium. As part of the electrolyte, Gruconnin also contains potassium alum and copper cune.

After recovery, the battery can be charged normally for this type In a way (for example, in UPSE) and prevent discharge below 11 volt.
In many uninterrupters, there is a function "Calibration of Akb" with which you can carry out the discharge-charge cycles. By connecting the load at the output of the uninterrupted load of 50% of the Maximum of the UPS, we launch this function and the uninterruptible unit discharges an acb to 25% and then charges up to 100%

Well, on a very primitive example, charging such a battery looks like this:
A stabilized 14.5 volt voltage is supplied to the battery, through a wire variable high power resistor or through a current stabilizer.
The charge current is thrown by a simple formula: the battery capacity is separated by 10, for example, 700mA will be 700mA for the battery. And on the current stabilizer or using an alternating wire resistor, it is necessary to set a current of 700mA. Well, in the process of charging, the current will start falling and it will be necessary to reduce resistor resistance, with time the resistor handle will come to the initial position and resistance of the resistor will be zero. The current will continue to gradually decrease to zero until the voltage on the battery does not become permanent - 14.5 volts. The battery is charged.
Additional information on "correct" charging batteries can be found

light crystals on the plates are sulfate

A separate "bank" battery battery was subjected to constant shortage and as a result of sulphates, its internal resistance grew with each deep cycle, to led to the fact that, during the charge, it began to "throw" before all, due to loss of capacity and removal of electrolyte in Insoluble sulfates.
The positive plates and their lattices turned into a consistency in powder, as a result of a constant recharge by uninterrupted in the "Stand-Bai" mode.

Lead acid accumulators except cars, motorcycles and diverse household appliances, where they are not found in lanterns and in hours and even in the smallest electronics. And if you got into the hands of such a "non-working" lead-acid battery without identifying characters and you do not know how voltage it should issue in the working condition. It can easily be found in the number of cans in the battery. Lay the protective cover on the battery case and remove it. You will see the caps for booming gas. By their number it will become clear how many "cans" this battery.
1 bank - 2 volt (fully charged - 2.17 volts), that is, if the cap 2 means the battery for 4 volts.
A fully discharged battery bank must be no lower than 1.8 volts, it is impossible to discharge below!

Well, the thief will give a small idea, for those who lack funds to buy new batteries. Find in your city the firms that are engaged in computer equipment and supplies (uninterrupted boilers for boilers, batteries for signaling systems), agree with them so that they did not throw away the old batteries from uninterrupted trips, but they are possible at a symbolic price.
Practice shows that half of AGM (gel) batteries can be restored if not up to 100% then up to 80-90% exactly! And this is a couple of years of excellent battery operation in your device.