Types of ATF. Automal and all you need to know about motor oils

What is ATF SP3? Today, only newcomer does not know that the car is necessary for the car, a suitable transmission oil is necessary. In this case, the engine engine will not deteriorate ahead of time. So, owners Mitsubishi., Hyundai and Kia will need the appropriate lubricant. ATF SP3 is considered a good option. This lubricant will ensure that the automatic transmission worked uninterrupted. The automaker recommends the owners of the machine to use SP3. There are controversial moments, but the manufacturer vehicle It knows better what oil is preferable for its product.

For Mitsubishi, Hyundai and Kia is better Total use ATF SP3 transmission oil.

Description of the transmission oil ATF SP3

ATF oil does not look like similar products even at first glance. Lubrication painted in red. The product is based on high-quality components. It is made in the USA. Oil production is carried out in accordance with existing international quality standards. Lubrication can be used in any weather, as it is all-season.

ATF fluid works perfectly in the heat and cold. Such a lubricant is convenient: it is not necessary to replace the oil when winter comes or, on the contrary, summer.

Metal parts in aggregates and nodes function well. The car rides smoothly and silently. This lubricant is not recommended for the mechanical transmission.

Transmission oil has many advantages:

• excellent frost resistance: the liquid begins to freeze only at a temperature of -40 ° C;
• high fluidity;
• good pumpability;
• corrosion protection;
• resistance to oxidation;
• no foaming.

Other products of similar destination will not be able to achieve such high values \u200b\u200bof the automatic transmission properties of automatic transmission. Only with these oils your car can work with maximum efficiency.

In addition, the Details of the automatic transmission will not break down, and the formulas used by the manufacturer helps to provide oil savings. The goods are sold in packages with a volume of 0.95 liters. Buy lubricants in proven places so as not to purchase a cheap fake. Store canister with liquid in a dark place so that the sun rays do not fall. There are appropriate inscriptions on the original product label. When choosing this product, the consumer shows care of his "Iron Kone" and saves its money to a large extent. Now it disappears the need for overhaul transmissions, and you do not need to often change the oil for the transverse gearbox.

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Lubricant indicators

The automatic transmission works perfectly if the oil is used only that the manufacturer recommends. The driver should be familiar with all the requirements that are contained in the auto operating manual.

Indicators of fully synthetic fluid ATF SP III are as follows:

• stability - corrosion, thermal, oxidative;
• excellent anti-facility properties;
• good viscosity characteristics;
• excellent stability to shifts;
• ensuring smooth switching of auto gear;
• good compatibility with any types of seals or elastomers;
• wonderful antifriction indicators;
• excellent thermal conductivity indicators.

After creating original oils Finished products are subjected to strict tests in order to find out how much the products correspond to the stated characteristics. The liquid that comes on sale and is implemented on the market must necessarily comply with international quality standards and the requirements of Mitsubishi.

The line of engine oils are recognized as appropriate as follows:

• API SM;
• ILSAC GF-4.

Packages of additives are created to modern oils. They allow high performance during the operation of the motor and an increase in the engine's working resource.

Motor oils manufactured for Mitsubishi auto have a distinctive characteristic. Lubrication is energy-saving, low-viscos. The manufacturer has put its first task to reduce the consumption of fuel. However, the high performance properties are preserved at operating temperatures.

This oil quality is acquired by applying modern high-quality components in their composition. They are distinguished by the high viscosity index. Lubricant throughout the entire period of operation, viscosity is almost unchanged, regardless of value operating temperature With low viscosity of products. Purchase original lubricating fluids if you want to protect " iron horse"From wear and leaks. If desired, change the oil of the car owner should drain the liquid that it uses and pour a new one. When there is no experience, it is better to contact the car service. If the owner of the car driving is not the first year, it can independently replace the transmission fluid.

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How is the replacement of lubricants in Mitsubishi?

To replace the oil, the car must be put on a flat surface.

1. Park the car on the flat site. It is desirable to choose a solid coating for this purpose. Place the car on parking brake. To have access to the car, use the jack or put the machine on watching pit or overpass.
2. Carefully wipe the top of the crankcase.
3. Remove the bolt to remove the fastening plate and remove the drive assembly for the speedometer. Check in what condition is the sealing ring of the assembly. If there are damage, it will be necessary to replace it.
4. Wipe the surface of the base of the crankcase near drain plug. Under the drain hole, place the container that will serve as a reception room. After that, carefully pull the cork.
5. Wait until the oil fails to the drain container. If the motor was heated, then take all precautions not to burn your hands. Wipe the drain plug. It is necessary to remove small metal sawdust from the magnetic insert. Prepare a new puck.
6. When the oil stops flowing into drain capacity, Clean the thread from the drain plug and the crankcase holes. Install a new sealing puck. Spin the plug well, tightening it at the end.
7. Fill the transmission oil into the crankcase hole. Control the amount of fluid flowing. It should not exceed the amount specified by the manufacturer. Check the oil level in the car. If necessary, apply. Different liquid or pump out over. Set back speedometer drive. Perform a short trip by car during which the fresh oil will be distributed on the components of the transmission. Check again the oil level.

The road happens unexpected situations. If you are on the way, and the oil level dropped to critical, then it is necessary to add lubricant.

An experienced driver always carries a canister with oil.

And what to do, when there is no additional lubrication in the car? You can stay near the auto shop and buy the desired lubricant. When there are no ATF SP3 on sale, take ATF 3309.

This highly efficient fluid is used for automatic transmissions. It is recommended for use in Mitsubishi. Lubrication will provide excellent lubricability, silent operation, decreased vibrations, ensuring excellent auto manageability and smooth gear shift.

Disposable wear decreases, and the life of the transmission increases.

Oils for automatic transmission (ATF) Along with brake fluids And liquids for hydraulic steering wheels are the most specific products of auto chemicals. If the engine oil is drained from the engine, it will start and will even work for some time, and if it will remove the working fluid from the automatic transmission, it will instantly become a suitable set of complex mechanisms. ATF has higher viscosity requirements, antifriction, antioxidative, anti-wear and anti-oxide properties than to petroleum products for other aggregates.

Since automatic transmissions include several completely different nodes - a torque converter, a gear gearbox, a complex control system - the range of oil functions is very large: it lubricates, cools, protects against corrosion and wear, transmits torque and provides friction clutch. The average temperature of the oil in the automatic transmission crankcase is 80-90 s, and in hot weather, under the city cycle, up to 150 s may rise.

The design of the automatic transmission is such that if the power is removed the power is large than need to overcome the road resistance, its excess is spent on the internal friction of the oil, which is even more heated. The high speed of oil movement in the hydrotransformer and the temperature cause intense aeration, leading to foaming, which creates favorable conditions for oxidation of oil and corrosion of metals. The variety of materials in friction pairs (steel, bronze, metal-ceramics, friction pads, elastomers) makes it difficult to selection of antifriction additives, and also creates electrochemical pairs, in which the corrosive wear is activated in the presence of oxygen and water.

Under such conditions, the oil must maintain not only its operational properties, but also as a transmitting torque of the medium to ensure high transmission efficiency.

Main specifications

Historically, the "legislator mod" in the field of standards for oils for automatic transmissions is "General Motors" (GM) and "Ford" (Table 1) corporations. European manufacturers, both automotive equipment and transmission oils, do not have their own specifications and are guided by lists of oils approved by them. The Japanese car concerns are also received in the same way. In the "machine guns" used conventional engine oils that had to change frequently. In this case, the quality of switching gear was extremely low.

In 1949, General Motors has developed a special fluid for automatic transmissions - ATF-A, which was used in all automatic transmission produced in the world. In 1957, the specification was revised and received the name Type A Suffix A (ATF TASA). One of the components in the production of these liquids was the product of animal origin, obtained as a result of the processing of whales. Due to the increased volumes of oil consumption and ban hunting for whales, ATF was developed completely on mineral, and later on the synthetic bases.

At the end of 1967, General Motors introduced a new DEXRON V specification, later Dexron II, Dexron III and Dexron IV. Dexron III and Dexron IV are created taking into account the requirements for oils for an electronic controlled adhesion of the autotransformer. General Motors also developed and implemented the Allison C-4 specification (Allison - Section of General Motors for the production of transmissions), which defines the requirements for oils working in severe operating conditions in trucks and off-road techniques. Ford has not had its own ATF-specification, and Ford engineers used the ATF-A standard. Only in 1959 the company developed and implemented the branded standard M2C33-A / B. The ESW-M2C33-F (ATF-F) standard liquid (ATF-F) was obtained.

In 1961. year Ford. Published the M2C33-D specification, which takes into account new requirements for friction properties, and in the 80s - the Mercon specification. The oils corresponding to the Mercon specifications are as close as possible to the oils of Dexron II, III and are compatible with them. The main differences between the specification of GENERAL MOTORS and FORD companies are different requirements for the frictional characteristics of the oils (General Motors in the first place is the smoothness of switching gear, Ford is the speed of their switching). Typical characteristics of oils for automatic controls in Table. 2.

Table. one. Development of oil specifications

Oils of obsolete specifications are still used in many European cars, and very often as oils for mechanical boxes Transmissions.

In automatic transmission, most manufacturers modern cars Recommended oils that meet the requirements of DEXRON II, III and MERCON (Ford Mercon) specifications, which are usually interchangeable and compatible. Oils that meet the requirements of the latest specifications, such as Dexron III, can be used to draw or replace in the mechanisms where oils were previously used in accordance with the DEXRON II specifications, and in some cases and ATF - A. The reverse replacement of oils is not allowed.

Table. 2. Typical Characteristics Oils for ABP

In our market, the assortment of oils for actuators are large and, with rare exception, is represented by imported oils (Table 3).

Table. 3. Oils for automatic gearboxes.

All oils, as a rule, passed tests for compliance with the specified specifications and have special tolerances from machinery manufacturers.

Although the operational level of ATF is determined by the specifications of automotive equipment manufacturers, a significant part of the oil produced is used in the applications other than the AIC, for example:
- in the power boxes of off-road construction, agricultural and mining techniques;
- in hydraulic systems of cars, industrial equipment, mobile equipment and ships;
- in the steering;
- in rotary screw compressors

The composition of the oils for automatic transmission is usually included antioxidants, foaming inhibitors, anti-wear additives, friction modifiers and swelling of seals. In order to identify and the speedy detection of oil leaks for an acupus in red.

Oils for PPC are a separate group of oils. Oil for automatic transmission has a higher viscosity, they use completely different additive packages, rather than in engine oil. Such oil is subject to higher requirements for its anti-wear, antifriction and antioxidant properties, since the service life of oil in the automatic transmission is from 30 - 40,000 km to the entire life of the car. Diverse tasks performed by oil in automatic transmission, make very high demands and restrictions on its properties. The oil cools, lubricates, provides friction clutch and transmits torque. The operating temperature range of oils in the automatic transmission is from 90 ° C to 150 ° C. Completely different materials used in steaming pairs of automatic transmission (steel - bronze, steel-metal ceramics, steel - steel, steel - composite materials) determine the use of different polyphricular additives in oils, not always compatible with each other. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent aeration, and as a result, foaming of oil into automatic transmission arising when the fluxes of hot oil under pressure. The result of aeration and foaming of oil becomes oxidation of oil and corrosion of materials from which the automatic transmission is made. The automatic transmission is a highly loaded unit, when the energy transformed into the translational movement is carried out, is spent on the inner friction of the oil, which leads to its significant heating. As a result, the requirements for viscosity of the oil in the automatic transmission are opposite to: to reduce the inner friction of oil during the operation of the torque converter, the oil must have a low relative viscosity, and to ensure gear lubrication, on the contrary, the oil must have a sufficiently high viscosity.

Types of oil for automatic transmission.

The automatic transmission oil uses three main types: DEXRON, MERCON and MV. This is due to the historically established specification for oil for automatic transmission. The first oil specification was formulated in 1949 GM Corporation. At the turn of 1990. The requirements of different specifications have become almost the same so that all oils for the CAT became interchangeable. DEXRON IV class oils are designed for use in automatic transformer electronically controlled clutch.

Oil Specifications ACPP GM (General Motors)

GM The first faced with the need to develop and formulate separate specifications for classifying liquids for automatic transmissions (Automatic Transmission Fluids - ATF, one more name for automatic transmission).

ATF Type A denotes such a type of transmission oil, which is suitable for automatic transmission of passenger cars. Oils, tested, received AQ qualification numbers. AQ qualification numbers were assigned by agreement with GM Research Center "Amour Research" in Amour Qualification N. Specifications have lost their relevance.

DEXRON (B) - current and currently specifications for liquids for automatic transmission (oils for automatic transmission) GM. Many manufacturers or buyers of such automatic transparents also use these specifications. The tolerance is made under the so-called type "B".

Dexron II, III, IV are the latest oil specifications (automatic liquids) GM. They are tightened by the requirements for liquids for automatic transmissions. Includes and exceed all previous specifications, meet enhanced environmental safety requirements. Allice fluids: Specifications "Type C1" and "Type C2" are replaced technical Conditions DEXRON II; "Type SZ" - MIL-L-2104D.

Ford specification

Fluids for the "type F" automatic transmission, according to the latest Ford M2C33F and M2C33G specifications, according to some parameters (for example, by the friction coefficient) differ significantly from dexron oils. The main difference is in the friction coefficient, which in the case of Ford increases with a decrease in slip speed, while General Motors, on the contrary, requires a decrease in the friction coefficient in the same case.

Liquids for automatic transmissions of the ATF type according to the specification of the Ford M2C138-CJ and M2C166H can be partially replaced by DEXRON II liquids, however, the most preferably the total oil change in the automatic transmission.

Liquids for ATF DEXRON II series, Plus Dexron III and ATF-A series, are designed for transmissions operating under high mechanical and thermal loads, can be used in transmissions of cars of any automakers, hydraulic steering amplifiers and clutch units. ATF Group automatic transmission fluids are produced under two stamps: ATF II D Plus and Dexron III. ATF II D PLUS is designed to work in highly loaded transmissions, refers to the category Extrimal Pressure (extreme pressure). A balanced high-tech additive package provides high anti-corrosion properties. In its parameters, this automatic transmission oil meets the requirements of most leading automotive companies in the world. Dexron III is used in passenger car automatic transmission, easy commercial vehicles and minivans.

Other specifications.

In addition to the General Motors and Ford Specification for automatic transmission, the factory specifications of Chrysler, Man, Toyota, Allison, Renk, Voith, ZF are used. For vehicles sold on the territory of Europe and having an automatic transmission of ZF, oils for automatic transmission are selected by GM specifications. IN ACP Audi., BMW and Mercedes recent years release fills only synthetic oil For automatic transmission!

Replacing oil in automatic transmission.

Replacing oil in automatic transmission should be carried out in strict accordance with the instruction manual of your car! The violation of oil change intervals, as a rule, leads to a sharp deterioration in the functionality of the automatic transmission and reduce its service life. With difficult conditions of operation of the car (movement with full loading, movement with a trailer, frequent braking engine, the use of cars on the roads with soil, sandy and snow coating, high or low temperature ambient, Slipping wheels, the use of a car in Start Start mode (urban traffic jams), sharp acceleration from the place - all automakers are recommended to reduce oil replacement intervals in the checkpoint twice. In practice, this leads to a reduction in the interservice interval for automatic transmission oil in Moscow to 30, a maximum of 40,000 km! Change the oil more often - your automatic transmission will last longer!

Mixing oil automatic transmission of different types when replacing them.

Mixing is possible, well, it is better to avoid it. To quickly identify the oil filled into the automatic transmission, the dye is added to the oil, the addition of which does not lead to a change in oil properties. However, under conditions when you clearly cannot identify the oil-filled earlier, it is strongly recommended to fully replace the automatic transmission oil. The cost is even itself small repair Automatic transmission ten times more cost full replacement Oils in automatic transmission.

Neoriginal oil for the automatic transmission of your car.

When replacing oil in automatic transmission, some automakers, such as Honda and Mitsubishi, require the use of specialized oils under their brands. It is necessary to understand that neither Honda nor Mitsubishi produce oil independently, but order its production from leading petrochemical corporations (Exxonmobil, BP, Chevron, Petrocanada and so on). In addition, recently in the press there was information that automakers began to place orders for motor and transmission oils, fill in the engine units on the conveyor, on private plants in Europe (Ravenol, Addinol, and so on) in their specifications. At the same time, transmission and motor oils manufactured by Ravenol under their brand for use in cars, let's say, Hundai and Kia, for the most part of their indicators exceed oil production of the same Ravenol, but distributed in packaging and under the Hundai brand - the automaker saves money and is not interested So that the car worked without breakdowns and after the expiration of the warranty period. Therefore, according to experts, the use of oils produced by private European plants directly for use in the automatic transmission of a car of a car manufacturer is best option For those car owners, warranty period For cars that have already ended.

Oils for automatic transmissions (ATF) along with brake fluids and liquids for hydraulic steering wheels are the most specific products of auto chemicals. If the engine oil is drained from the engine, it will start and will even work for a while, and if you remove the working fluid from the automatic transmission (automatic transmission), it will instantly become a suitable set of complex mechanisms. ATF has higher viscosity requirements, antifriction, antioxidative, anti-wear and anti-oxide properties than to petroleum products for other aggregates.

Since automatic transmissions include several completely different nodes - a torque converter, a gear gearbox, a complex control system - the range of oil functions is very large: it lubricates, cools, protects against corrosion and wear, transmits torque and provides friction clutch. The average oil temperature in the automatic transmission crankcase is 80-90 0 s, and in hot weather with a city cycle of motion can rise to 150 0 C.

The design of the automatic box is such that if the motor is removed, the power is large than necessary to overcome the road resistance, its excess is spent on the inner friction of the oil, which is even more heated. The high speed of oil movement in the hydrotransformer and the temperature cause intense aeration, leading to foaming, which creates favorable conditions for oxidation of oil and corrosion of metals. The variety of materials in friction pairs (steel, bronze, metal-ceramics, friction pads, elastomers) makes it difficult to selection of antifriction additives, and also creates electrochemical pairs, in which the corrosive wear is activated in the presence of oxygen and water.

Under such conditions, the oil must maintain not only its operational properties, but also as a transmitting torque of the medium to ensure high transmission efficiency.

Main specifications

Historically, the "legislator mod" in the field of standards for oils for automatic transmissions is "General Motors" (GM) and "Ford" (Table 1) corporations. European manufacturers, both automotive equipment and transmission oils, do not have their own specifications and are guided by lists of oils approved by them. The Japanese car concerns are also received in the same way. In the "machine guns" used conventional engine oils that had to change frequently. In this case, the quality of switching gear was extremely low.

In 1949, General Motors has developed a special fluid for automatic transmissions - ATF-A, which was used in all ACPs manufactured in the world. In 1957, the specification was revised and received the name Type A Suffix A (ATF TASA). One of the components in the production of these liquids was the product of animal origin, obtained as a result of the processing of whales. Due to the increased volumes of oil consumption and ban hunting for whales, ATF was developed completely on mineral, and later on the synthetic bases.

At the end of 1967, General Motors introduced a new DEXRON V specification, later Dexron II, Dexron III and Dexron IV. Dexron III and Dexron IV are created taking into account the requirements for oils for an electronic controlled adhesion of the autotransformer. General Motors also developed and implemented the Allison C-4 specification (Allison - Section General Motors for the production of transmissions), which determines the requirements for oils working in difficult operating conditions in trucks and off-road equipment. Ford has no one's own ATF Specifications, and Ford Engineers used the ATF-A standard. Only in 1959 the company developed and implemented the branded standard M2C33-A / B. The ESW-M2C33-F (ATF-F) standard liquid (ATF-F) was obtained.

In 1961, Ford issued the M2C33-D specification, which takes into account new frictional properties requirements, and in the 80s - the MerCon specification. The oils corresponding to the Mercon specifications are as close as possible to the oils of Dexron II, III and are compatible with them. The main differences between the specification of the GENERAL MOTORS and FORD companies are different requirements for frictional characteristics of oils (General Motors in the first place smooth shifting gear, in Ford - the speed of their switching). Typical characteristics of oils for ACP are shown in Table. 2.

Table. one. Development of oil specifications

Oils of outdated specifications are still used in many European cars, and very often as oils for mechanical gearboxes.

In automatic transmission, most manufacturers of modern cars are recommended oils that meet the requirements of the DEXRON II, III and MERCON (Ford Mercon) specifications, which are usually interchangeable and compatible. Oils that meet the requirements of the latest specifications, such as Dexron III, can be used to draw or replace in the mechanisms where oils were previously used in accordance with the DEXRON II specifications, and in some cases and ATF - A. The reverse replacement of oils is not allowed.

Table. 2. Typical Characteristics Oils for ABP

On the russian market The assortment of oils for the ACP is quite large and, with rare exception, is represented by imported oils (Table 3).

Table. 3. Oils for automatic transmission

All oils, as a rule, passed tests for compliance with the specified specifications and have special tolerances from machinery manufacturers.

Although the operational level of ATF is determined by the specifications of automotive equipment manufacturers, a significant part of the oil produced is used in the applications other than the AIC, for example:
- in the power boxes of off-road construction, agricultural and mining techniques;
- in hydraulic systems of cars, industrial equipment, mobile equipment and ships;
- in the steering;
- in rotary screw compressors

The composition of the oils for the ACP usually includes antioxidants, foaming inhibitors, anti-wear additives, friction and swelling modifiers. In order to identify and the speedy detection of leaks of oil for the AKP, it is possible to red color.

Do I need to change the liquid in the automatic box?

If you believe the operating instructions, then in the case of the new car "AUTOMA" does not require any maintenance up to a run of 100 thousand kilometers. True, skeptics-male workers are frozen: they say, to 40-50 thousand it would be nice to pour fresh liquid ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) suitable for a particular machine. But along with specialized liquids, both the so-called "cartoons" are popular - ATF with the beautiful name Multi-Vehicle (Malty-Vikl, that is, for different cars), which can be pouring hardly in any ACP, without bothering himself searching for corporate oil.

It would seem why they are needed if you can buy a native liquid? The answer is simple: for renewers. They take them on those who are already on the second circle of the odometer ride on the "machine" and the concept does not have that and when it was poured into it. In addition, not every warehouse or the store holds a bottle in the covers, knowingly appropriate to your AT. Supply of fluid under the order can go long - and "cartoons" correspond to many tolerances. So the question is not here at all in the price ("Cartoons" is not cheaper), namely in the speed of solving the problem.

In general, for the test we took eight liquids with a Multi-Vehicle designation. Verification of "cartoon" seemed very interesting to us, because from a technical point of view, it was very difficult to create a similar product. It is clear that to evaluate their versatility in full the task is unbearable: the number of requirements, tolerances and specifications for ATF will overflow over a hundred (try both car manufacturers and manufacturers of gearboxes). Therefore, we combined all sorts of criteria for groups, closer and understandable to the consumer.

This is what parameters we will check them.

1. Thrust losses in the gearbox. I wonder if the driver will feel the difference or not?

2. Effect of fluid on the efficiency of power flow from the engine to the transmission. Dynamics and fuel consumption depend on it.

3. Cold Start.

4. Protective properties liquids. According to the pair of depreciation pairs, we estimate the proximity of the repair or, God forbid, the replacement of the box.

As check

The main physico-chemical indicators are viscosity and viscosity index, flare and frozen temperature - we measured in a certified laboratory. Thrust and wear losses were estimated by friction machine - a device that simulates the working conditions of various friction pairs. Tests were performed in two stages. The first investigated a model similar to a gearing gearing. At the second stage, the working conditions in the bearings were simulated. At the same time, friction coefficients, oil heating, friction pairs are measured. The wear was determined by the exact weighing of the details before and after the test cycle, and for the bearing model - also by the method of the well. This is when to tests on the working surface of the sample, in the zone most susceptible to wear, a fixed-size well is cut, and at the end of the test, a change in its diameter is recorded. The more important it increases, the higher the wear.

Tests for each liquid at one and other stages continued long: one hundred thousand loading cycles for the bearing model and fifty thousand - for model of gearing gear.

Distribution of gingerbread

So, we look at what happened. Immediately struck the eye that the influence of the liquid brand on the friction coefficient was very ambiguous. For the model of the gear, all the differences were laid at the measurement error. A little better than others, the Dutch NGN Universal ATF looks. But for the bearing model, everything is different - the breakdown of the measured parameter is quite large. The best indicators are here - the Motul Multi ATF liquids and Castrol ATF MULTIVEHICLE.

How criticized the difference in this parameter? In scale of everything power aggregate (Engine and gearbox) The share of friction losses in the box is not so large (if you do not take into account the losses in the torque converter). But heating oil from friction when working on of different liquids It differs much more important: averaged cumulative difference for gear and bearing models is approximately 17%. From the point of view of the temperature effect, this difference is very sensible - up to 10-15 degrees, which give a change in the efficiency of the hydrotransformer to noticeable percent units. The synthetics of Motul looks better here. Only a little inferior to her NGN Universal and Totachi Multi-Vehicle ATF liquid.

Heating fluid affects its viscosity: the greater the heating, the lower. And with a drop of viscosity decreases the efficiency of the hydrotransformer. Many in memory of the problems with "automata" are not very young "French", when due to the increase in fluid temperature (especially in the summer in traffic jams), they generally refused to work!

Go ahead. It is very important that the dependence of viscosity from temperature was the maximum canopy. One of the main criteria for this flight is the viscosity index: the higher it is better. Here are the leaders - liquids Mobil Multi-Vehicle ATF, Motul Multi ATF and Formula Shell Multi-Vehicle ATF. Not much lagging behind them "cartoon" brand NGN.

Let's see how much the viscosity of the fluid in the working area of \u200b\u200bthe box, taking into account its heating. The difference is tangible! For kinematic viscosity, it comes to 26%. And the efficiency of "automata" (especially old structures) is quite small and is largely determined by the efficiency of the hydrotransformer - which just suffers from a decrease in viscosity working fluid.

The smallest viscosity drop was found at Motul Multi ATF oils, Formula Shell Multi-Vehicle and NGN Universal ATF. The largest - at Totachi Multi-Vehicle ATF. This, of course, comparative results, direct transfer to the effectiveness of the box can not be done. But for forced engines in which the load on the units of the automatic box is higher, it is preferable to have a liquid with a more stable characteristic.

Low-temperature properties were evaluated by the combination of several parameters. Obviously, all fluids, and ATF, including, thick in the cold. So, with a fairious minus, overboard, the excessive viscosity will interfere with turn the motor at the start, since the clutch pedal is not provided on machines with automatic machine. Therefore, we determined the kinematic viscosity of each sample at three fixed negative temperatures. In addition, the temperature was estimated at which the kinematic viscosity of the oil reaches a certain fixed value, conditionally adopted for the limit, in which it is still possible to "turn" the gearbox.

At the same time determined the freezing temperature: this parameter enters all descriptions of ATF and indirectly indicates that the basis of which the founder is made of synthetic or semi-synthetic.

In this nomination, synthetics with high viscosity index were again defeated: Motul Multi ATF, Mobil Multi-Vehicle ATF, NGN Universal ATF, Formula Shell Multi-Vehicle. They also recorded the lowest frosted temperatures. Finally, the protective functions of liquids, that is, their ability to prevent wear. We investigated the wear of two models - gear engagement and sliding bearing, because in the real box the conditions of these nodes differ significantly. Consequently, the properties of ATF, providing a decrease in wear, must be different and linked to the operation of the hydrotransformer. And here we discovered the scatter of the results. The leader in minimizing the wear of gearboxes - Mobil Multi-Vehicle ATF, and in contests on sliding bearings with a large margin won the Motul Multi ATF and Totachi Multi-Vehicle ATF.

TOTAL

If, with traditional experts of gasoline and motor oils, we, as a rule, identified only minor differences between one sample from the other, then the situation is different here. By key parameters, different ATFs are essential. And if we consider that the degree of influence of this difficult fluid and the power, and the fuel consumption, and the box life is very noticeable, then it should be thought about it. Good synthetics with high viscosity index is the best choicewhich will protect your nerves at the winter launch on a fair frost, and will not create problems after a long standing in a traffic jam under a sultry sun.

The degree of compliance Multi will leave their name on the conscience of their developers. At the very beginning, we noted that in practice every ATF in all "automata" listed on their labels is unrealistic. By the way, in descriptions (for a low exception), the tolerances either directly, or by default are denoted by the word Meets, that is, "corresponds." This means that the fluid properties guarantees its manufacturer, but there is no conformity of the manufacturer of the car or the box. In conclusion, let's notify that if the planned service life of the new car does not exceed 50-70 thousand kilometers (then it is planned to be replaced), then the article you read in vain - you do not have to change the "liquid clutch". And in other cases, the information we searched should be useful. Having folded the results scored in all tests, we found out that the best products were Motul and Mobil products, from which Formula Shell liquid fell behind.

Our comments for each drug - in signatures for photos.

What should be ATF liquid?

In the car transmission there is no more complex and controversial device than the automatic box. It combines two aggregates - a hydrotransformer that ensures the continuity of the energy flow from the engine to the wheels, and the planetary mechanism of change of transmission.

The hydrotransformer is, in fact, two coaxial wheels: pumping and turbine. There is no direct contact between them: the connection is carried out by the flow of fluid. The efficiency of this device will depend on the mass of the parameters - the design of the wheels, gaps between them, leaks ... and of course, from the properties of the liquid between the wheels. It serves as a kind of liquid clutch.

What should be its viscosity? Too much increases friction loss in the box - a fair amount of power will be eaten, the fuel consumption will increase. In addition, the car will become noticeably shoved in the cold. Small viscosity sharply reduce energy transmission efficiency in the hydrotransformer, increase the leakage, which also reduces the efficiency of the unit. In addition, the viscosity of the fluid in the frost is growing greatly, and with increasing temperature drops - the difference can be two orders of magnitude! And the liquid can foam and promote corrosion of box parts. It is desirable that the liquid retains its properties for a long time: then you can not look into the box for years.

That's not all. The same liquid is obliged to work in the hydrotransformer, and in the planetary mechanism, and in the box bearings, although tasks, and the working conditions in these mechanisms differ sharply. In the gearing gear, it is necessary to prevent the bulk and wear, effectively lubricating bearings and at the same time do not interfere with its excessive viscosity to work: after all, friction losses grow with increasing viscosity. But the effectiveness of the hydrotransformer also grows on more viscous fluids.

How many parameters! Therefore, a complex compromise of properties is required, which should combine ATF fluid.

ATF - liquid or oil?

Classification relates ATF to transmission oilsBut her appointment is much wider. After all, the lubricant of the elements of the transmission - gear wheels and bearings - here is not the only (although important) function. The main thing is that ATF acts as a working fluid of the hydrotransformer. It is she who transfers the power flow from the engine to the transmission, because the properties of this fluid are very important for the efficiency of the ACP.

In passports on ATF, the indicators of its viscosity are normalized (at operating temperatures and under negative), as well as the outflow temperature and frozen, the ability to form during operation of the foam. After all, it is viscosity that provides lubrication and, it became, the efficiency of gear wheels and bearings, the effectiveness of torque transmission from the motor to the transmission.

What are the problems?

ATF liquids are very capricious. Not always modern ATF can come up with the old automatic machine of the same brand. The same applies to interchangeability: say, "Machine" from the "Japanese" of 2006 on a specialized ATF, addressed to the modern "German", can become bad ... lubricate the gears and bearings such a atheeff will, but the torque converter can be offended and declare a strike. Therefore, each manufacturer of the ACP is looking for a solution to the problem. And the more difficult it is to make a universal, suitable for all "cartoon".