Carburetor adjustment gas 3307 to 135. Carburetors for medium-duty trucks schemes, adjustment parameters and maintenance recommendations

01.04.2021

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In order for the K-135 carburetor to serve for many years, you need to monitor it, that is, regularly clean and adjust it.

In general, this carburetor does not need much adjustment, since for the most part the quality of the air-fuel mixture depends on the jets. That is why it is their car owners who are trying to reduce or increase by eye so that the engine runs more economically. But such adjustment often does not end well.

So if you decide to disassemble the carburetor, try not to confuse the jets with different ratings and locations. Don't forget to keep clean during disassembly/assembly.

They clean the carburetor to 135 from dirt first from the outside in order to prevent it from getting inside during disassembly. Then the carburetor is carefully washed with acetone or a special wash. It is most convenient to clean the channels with a syringe: the flushing liquid is drawn into the syringe and forced into the channels under pressure. So all carburetor components are guaranteed to be washed. As a result, each channel is purged with a vacuum cleaner or air from a compressor.

Step-by-step check and adjustment of the K-135 carburetor.

First, the carburetor is removed from the engine, for which they remove, disconnect and unscrew many different other elements. Then it is disassembled and proceed to inspection and adjustment.

Set up in K-135 carburetors mainly 3 elements:

Looking through a special viewing window float chamber, after stopping the car on a flat area and pumping up fuel with the lever for manually pumping the fuel pump, we check the fuel level so that there is no overflow or underfilling;
The acceleration dynamics of the car depends on the accelerator pump, that is, if the pump is made larger, the amount of fuel supplied will increase, and therefore the car will be able to accelerate faster;
Inspection of idling occurs by inspecting two screws on the hull, where one shows the quantity and the other the quality of the mixture.

The tightness of the float is checked as follows: the float is lowered into hot water and watched for half a minute to see if bubbles come out of it. If the air does not come out, then the float is not broken, and if bubbles are found, the float, having removed the remaining fuel and water from it, is soldered. In this case, the weight of the float should not exceed 14 grams. Then again check with hot water for leaks.

But it is better if the adjustment of the K-135 carburetor is carried out by professionals in a car service or it will be carried out by the car owner under the supervision of specialists, because the adjustment is a very delicate, long and responsible process. The master, on the other hand, will perform all the necessary actions much faster and make the carburetor work more efficient.

If you act on your own, without special knowledge and experience in adjusting the carburetor, instead of improving it, you can ruin it without a chance of recovery.

With a ZMZ-5231.10 gasoline engine, it is 19.6 liters at a speed of 60 km / h, at a speed of 80 km / h, the consumption increases to 26.4 liters. But such indicators are almost impossible to achieve on a loaded car, especially in urban areas.

An example of a classic GAZ 3307 truck

A very important part of the fuel system is the carburetor. With the help of a carburetor, a combustible mixture is formed, which is ignited by a spark in each of the engine cylinders, so the behavior of the car largely depends on the correct setting of the carburetor.

It should be noted that carburetors are currently being actively replaced injection systems injection, in which the regulation of the proportion of gasoline / air is carried out automatically, but, nevertheless, there are still a lot of cars that use the traditional carburetor system. They include and.

The K-135 carburetor is installed. It is a modification of the K-126, having almost the same device, differing only in the diameter of the jets and in some versions of the diffusers.

The principle of operation of K-135

Carburetor models K135 and K135MU

Since the GAZ 3307 car was produced at the time when it was moving to the unification of parts and assemblies, in this car a K135 or K135MU carburetor is used, which is also used in some other cars.

An example of a K135 carburetor for GAZ 3307

This carburetor largely repeats its predecessor, the K126 model, differing from it in a number of technical points - jet sections, a vacuum extraction system, as well as much less adjustment options.

However, the K135 is more common on cars seen today, so most mechanics have dealt with it.

Device K-135

The carburetor has a standard device - it has two chambers and, accordingly, two chokes. They are adjustable with two screws, which allows you to adjust the quality of the mixture in the carburetor (and hence the idle speed) individually for each of the chambers. However, incorrect installation throttle plates can cause uneven operation of each of the groups of cylinders served by the carburetor, which means unstable idling of the engine.

diagram of the K135 carburetor device

The situation is saved only by the fact that the operating time in this mode for trucks is small. The flow in these carburetors is falling, which virtually eliminates the possibility of flooding the engine and facilitates starting in difficult conditions. In each of the carburetor chambers, the mixture is sprayed twice, the float chamber is balanced.

As already indicated at the beginning of the article, it is possible to install two carburetor models on the GAZ 3307 - K135 and its modification K135MU.

The difference between these two carburetors, first of all, is the presence of a fitting for the engine exhaust gas recirculation system. Naturally, it is not worth overpaying for an unnecessary function, in the event that, of course, your engine is not equipped with such a system.

It looks like a K135MU carburetor model

The K-135 carburetor is a two-chamber type, each chamber provides four cylinders of an 8-cylinder V-shaped engine with a fuel mixture. The device includes the following basic body parts:

Aluminum throttle body (bottom);
Main body (in which the float chamber is located);
Upper part of the carburetor (cover);
Limiter body.

The carburetor is a rather complex mechanism; in the K-135, several systems work for preparing the fuel-air mixture:

Main dosing system (main in the carburetor);
float chamber;
Economizer system;
Accelerator pump;
Starting device;
idle system;
mixing chamber;
Crankshaft speed limiter .

Scheme of the carburetor device for Gas 3302

Purpose of carburetor systems:

Malfunctions affecting fuel consumption

signs

Carburetor malfunctions adversely affect the operation of the motor. Signs of problems with the carburetor:

Unstable operation of the internal combustion engine at idle, or the engine regularly stalls at these speeds;
Dips at medium speeds;
With a sharp press on the accelerator pedal, the engine twitches and chokes;
ICE does not develop high speed;
Black smoke is coming out of the muffler pipe;
From the carburetor or from exhaust pipe claps and shots are heard;
The engine runs only with a half-closed air damper;
The motor "troit" and fills the candles;
The engine is difficult to start, and only when the gas pedal is pressed.

It should be noted that almost any carburetor malfunction is accompanied by increased fuel consumption.
There can be no question of an acceptable rate here, and at such an expense, the arrow of the fuel level sensor in the passenger compartment is rapidly approaching zero even at a speed of 60 km / h on a flat road.

Possible malfunctions

In general, there can be many different causes of malfunctions in a carburetor, it is better to entrust the repair of such a difficult device to a good competent specialist.

Carburetor adjustment K-135

Adjusting the K-135 is of great importance and fuel consumption depends on it.

In the GAZ-3307 carburetor, only idling and the number of revolutions are regulated from the outside, there are no other settings without intervention in the carburetor itself.

There are two quality screws on the back of the throttle body for adjustment, each one controls the quality composition fuel mixture four cylinders.

On the side, the throttle actuator has a quantity screw that controls the idle speed.

With the engine off, tighten the quality screws to the end, then unscrew each one three turns;
Start and warm up the internal combustion engine to operating temperature;
With the quantity screw, set the engine speed to about 600 rpm;
Tighten the screw of one of the chambers before the appearance of interruptions in the operation of the internal combustion engine;
Then, about one-eighth of a turn, release the screw (until stability appears);
Repeat the same procedure with another camera;
Set the required idle speed with the quantity screw.

If the engine stalls on regassing, you need to loosen the quality faults a little more and raise the number of revolutions with the number screw (but not more than 650 rpm).

Replacing and adjusting the carburetor with your own hands is only possible if you understand what you are doing. Incorrect setup and installation can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Price

You can buy a new carburetor in stores, the retail price is from two and a half to three thousand rubles, installation and tuning will cost about another thousand rubles, but this will at least give a guarantee that the car will function normally and is guaranteed to go.

» Carburetor K-126 and K-135 of the GAZ-53 car: device and diagram

The two-chamber, emulsion carburetor K-126 (K-135) of the GAZ-53 car with a balanced float chamber and simultaneous opening of the throttle valves is used to prepare a combustible mixture from both air and fuel. The K-135 model differs from the K-126 carburetor only in adjustment parameters and began to be installed on a car after the introduction of cylinder heads with screw inlet channels to the engine. It is not allowed to use the K-135 carburetor on early engines without changing the adjustment parameters.

From each chamber of the carburetor, the combustible mixture flows independently through the intake pipe to the corresponding row of cylinders: the right chamber of the carburetor supplies the combustible mixture to cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the left chamber to cylinders 5, 6, 7 and 8.

1 - accelerator pump; 2 - float chamber cover; 3 - air jet of the main system; 4 - small diffuser; 5 - idle fuel jet; 6 - air damper; 7 - accelerator pump sprayer; 8 - calibrated economizer atomizer; 9 - discharge valve; 10 - idle air jet; 11 - fuel supply valve; 12 - mesh filter; 13 - float; 14 - sensor valve; 15 - spring; 16 - sensor rotor; 17 - adjusting screw; 18 - viewing window; 19 - cork; 20 - diaphragm; 21 - limiter spring; 22 - throttle valve axis; 23 - vacuum restrictor jet; 24 - gasket; 25 - restrictor air jet; 26 - cuff; 27 - main jet; 28 - emulsion tube; 29 - throttle valve; 30 - idle adjustment screw; 31 - body of mixing chambers; 32 - bearings; 33 - throttle actuator lever; 34 - check valve of the accelerator pump; 35 - body of the float chamber; 36 - economizer valve.

Carburetor device

In the cover of the float chamber there is an air damper equipped with two automatic valves. The air damper drive mechanism is connected to the throttle valve axis by means of linkages and levers, which, during cold engine start, open the dampers to the angle necessary to ensure the optimum starting speed of the engine crankshaft. This system consists of an air damper drive lever, acting with one shoulder on the damper axis lever, and with the other shoulder on the accelerator pump drive lever, which is connected to the throttle lever by means of a rod.

The main components of the carburetor function on the principle of air (pneumatic) braking of gasoline. The economizer works without braking as a simple carburetor. The main dosing system and the idle system are present in each chamber of the carburetor.

The cold start system and the accelerator pump are common to both carburetor chambers. The economizer has an economizer valve common to two chambers and different atomizers with an outlet to each chamber.

The idling system of both chambers of the carburetor consists of fuel and air jets, and also has two holes in the mixing chamber: lower and upper. The lower hole is equipped with a screw designed to adjust the composition of the combustible mixture. To prevent air from being sucked in by the idle screw, a rubber o-ring is used. The screw head is knurled for the possibility of mounting a screw rotation limiter, which ensures regular quality of the combustible mixture composition. The air jet provides emulsification of gasoline.

Adjusting the opening angle of the throttle valves when the air damper is closed (starting a cold engine): 1 - throttle lever; 2 - thrust; 3 - adjusting bar; 4 - accelerator pump drive lever; 5 - air damper drive lever; 6 - axis of the air damper.

The main dosing system consists of a small and large diffuser, main air and fuel jets and an emulsion tube. The main dosing system and the idle system provide the necessary fuel consumption by the GAZ-53 car in all main engine operating modes. The economizer includes details both common to both chambers and individual for each. The former include an economizer valve with a jet and a drive mechanism, and the latter include jets located in the atomizer block (one per chamber).

Accelerating pump carburetor K-126

The accelerator pump, equipped with a mechanical drive, consists of a drive mechanism, a piston, pressure and check valves and nozzles in the block. Atomizers are brought to each chamber of the carburetor and are combined with atomizers and economizer jets into a separate unit. The accelerator pump and the economizer are jointly driven by the throttle valve axis.

The cold start system includes a choke with a lever system and two automatic valves connecting the throttle and choke.

Carburetor operation when starting a cold engine

When starting a cold engine, it is necessary that the combustible mixture is enriched and this is achieved by closing the air damper of the carburetor, this creates a serious vacuum at the nozzles of the main metering systems in small diffusers and at the outlets of the idle system in the mixing chamber. Under the influence of rarefaction, gasoline is supplied from the float chamber through the main fuel jets to the emulsion tube and idle jets. Air enters the channels through holes in the emulsion tubes, air jets of the idle system and through the air jets of the main metering system, while simultaneously mixing with air, forming an emulsion. The emulsion is fed through the outlets of the idle systems and small diffuser nozzles into the mixing chambers of the carburetor and then into the engine intake pipe.

To prevent re-enrichment of the combustible mixture after the engine starts, automatic air valves are used, which, when opened, supply additional air, thereby depleting the combustible mixture to the required rate. The subsequent depletion of the mixture is carried out by opening the air damper from the driver's cab. When the air damper is fully closed, the throttle valves are automatically opened at an angle of 12º.

1 - pedal pad; 2 - axis of the pedal lever; 3 - bolt (two) fastening the pedal bracket; 4 - plastic bushings; 5 - pedal bracket; 6 - gasket; 7 - rubber traction bushing; 8 - pedal; 9, 10, 11 - rods with articulated tips; 12 - spring; 13 - bracket of the retractable spring; 14 - adjusting screw; 15 - cracker; 16 - draft air damper; 17 - screw; 18 - seal pad; 19 - rod seal; 20 - tip; 21 - ball pin; 22 - thrust compensator; 23 - nut; 24 - compensator spring; 25 - compensator body; 26 - compensator thrust lever; 27, 37 - bolts; 28 - screw for clamping the manual gas thrust; 29 - bracket for clamping the thrust shell manual control carburetor; 30 - shell clamp; 31 - manual control rod of the carburetor; 32 - thrust clamp screw; 33 - finger; 34 - growl manual control of the carburetor; 35 - roller sleeve; 36 - drive shaft bracket; 38 - drive roller.

Carburetor operation at low crankshaft speed in engine idle mode

At low speeds of the crankshaft in idle mode, the throttle valves are ajar at an angle of 1-2º, while the air damper is fully open. The vacuum behind the throttle valves increases to 61.5-64.1 kPa. This vacuum, passing through the holes covered by the idle system and adjusting screws, is fed through the channels to the fuel jets of the idle system. Under the influence of vacuum, gasoline from the float chamber, bypassing the main jets, through the fuel jets of the idle system is fed into the mixing chamber, while mixing with the air that enters through the air jets of the idle system. In the low speed mode of the crankshaft, air is also supplied through the upper vias of the idle system.

After leaving the idle holes, the emulsion is additionally sprayed with air in the mixing chamber, which passes at high speed through a narrow gap created by the throttle valves and the wall of the mixing chamber. The combustible mixture created in this way is fed into the intake pipe of the engine. In this mode, the vacuum at the nozzles of the main dosing system in small diffusers is not serious, so the main dosing systems do not function.

Carburetor operation at partial engine loads

At low loads on the engine, the composition of the combustible mixture is formed only with the help of the idling system, and at partial loads - by joint efforts with the idling system and the main metering systems.

The work of the K-126 carburetor at full engine load

In order to get maximum engine power, the carburetor throttles must be fully open. 5-7º before the full opening of the throttle valves, the economizer valve opens and the combustible mixture is enriched with an additional amount of gasoline supplied through the system. The economizer works on the principle of a simple carburetor.

During operation, gasoline is supplied from the float chamber to the power jet located in the economizer valve body, and then to a separately placed atomizer block with jets, bypassing the atomizer of the main metering system.

A separate output of the economizer ensures the timely entry into operation of this system, which is necessary for a stable course of the external speed characteristic of the engine. The main dosing system also continues to operate. In full load mode, a small amount of fuel is supplied to the engine through the idling system.

During the acceleration of the GAZ-53, the operation of the carburetor is carried out by injecting an additional amount of fuel into the air stream. Injection is carried out by an accelerator pump using sprayers. With a sharp opening of the throttle valves, the piston of the accelerator pump tends to go down. The non-return valve closes under the pressure of gasoline, and the discharge valve opens and an additional portion of gasoline is injected into the air stream through sprayers.

With a slow opening of the throttle valves, the fuel has time to flow from the under-piston cavity into the float chamber through the gap between the walls of the accelerator pump cylinder and the piston. Only a small part of the fuel, by opening the discharge valve, mixes with the air flow.

The valve and air passing through the openings to remove vacuum from the sprayer block the suction of gasoline through the accelerator pump system during engine operation at high speed crankshaft.

Carburetor control (gas pedal)

The carburetor is controlled by a pedal equipped with a rubber pad, which is mounted on the cab floor, as well as by a system of levers and drive levers. Additionally, a manual throttle control link and a manual choke control link are provided.

Hello dear friends! Today we will talk about the K-135 carburetor, which is installed on Gas trucks, with a ZmZ-511 gasoline engine and modifications. Carburetor - as practice shows, an extremely important part of the entire fuel system in engines that use gasoline as fuel. It is the carburetor that creates the fuel mixture that enters directly into the combustion chambers.

Therefore, if the carburetor has not been properly adjusted, the fuel mixture entering the engine will cause significant damage to it and lead to excessive fuel consumption. Modern devices, such as injectors, can automatically adjust the quality of the fuel supplied, however, adjusting the GAZ 3307 carburetor is still a hot topic for most people.

On trucks of the Gaz brand, carburetors of the K-135 brand are installed. All carburetors since the creation of the K-135 were created according to a single system. The carburetor consists of two chambers and throttle valves connected to them, one per chamber. The chambers are supplemented with screws, by turning them you can adjust the quality of the fuel mixture formed in the carburetor. In carburetors, the fuel mixture is supplied in such a way that the engine is not subjected to filling with gasoline, but to start it in difficult conditions, such as cold time, it was easier, such as the accelerator system.

Adjusting the K-135 GAZ 3307 carburetor is a relatively simple process, but you can only start it if you have at least a basic understanding of the design and principles of carburetor tuning. For example, it makes no sense to limit the fuel supply to the carburetor without lowering the air supply level. Yes, there is no need to limit the supply of fuel and air at all, since, as practice shows, this does not lead to anything good. Maybe you will save some amount of money, but this will lead to premature wear of the engine, as a result of expensive repairs, so there is nothing to limit, the manufacturer has set the norm, let it stay that way.

Let's start cleaning and adjusting the K-135 carburetor. I repeat, if you don’t have at least a basic understanding of the design and principles of setting up a carburetor, it’s better not to interfere, but if you are sure that you can handle it, then we will continue. Although if you follow the advice, then I think everything will work out for you.

First of all, of course, you need to remove the carburetor and completely disassemble it. When disassembling, it is easy to bring dirt into the carburetor or break worn-in connections or seals. Outdoor sink made with a brush using any liquid that dissolves oily deposits. It can be gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, their analogues, or special flushing fluids that are soluble in water. After washing, you can blow air over the carburetor, or simply blot lightly with a clean cloth to dry the surface. The need for this operation is small, and washing only for the sake of shine, on surfaces, is not necessary. To flush the internal cavities of the carburetor, you will need to at least remove the float chamber cover.

Removing the float chamber cover, you must begin by disconnecting the economizer drive rod and the accelerator pump. To do this, you need to unpin and remove the upper end of the rod 2 from the hole in the lever (see Fig. 1). Then, unscrew the seven screws securing the float chamber cover, and remove the cover without damaging the gasket. To make the cover easier to remove, press the choke lever with your finger. Pull the cover aside and only then turn it over the table so that seven screws fall out. Evaluate the quality of the gasket. A clear imprint of the body should be traced on it. By no means, do not put the carburetor cap on the table with the float down!

Fig.1

1 - throttle lever; 2 - thrust; 3 - adjusting bar; 4 - accelerator pump drive lever; 5 - air damper drive lever; 6-axis air damper.

Cleaning the float chamber is carried out in order to remove the sediment that forms at its bottom. At removed cover it is necessary to remove the bar with the piston of the accelerator pump and the economizer drive and remove the spring from the guide.

Next, clean the float chamber from sediment and rinse with gasoline. It is better not to scrape off the dirt that has already eaten in and stuck to the walls, it does not pose a danger. The likelihood of clogging of channels or jets, with improper cleaning, is much greater than during normal operation.

The source of debris in the float chamber is, of course, the gasoline itself. The reason for the entry of garbage with gasoline is clogged fuel filters. Check the condition of all filters, replace and clean if necessary. In addition to the fine filter, which is installed on the engine and has a mesh or paper filter element inside, there is another one on the carburetor itself. It is located, under the cork, near the gasoline supply fitting on the carburetor cover. Another one, a sump filter, stands near the gas tank and is attached to the frame, it also needs to be washed and cleaned.

After you have finished cleaning, you will need to remove all the jets. Better try not to confuse the jets, so instead of one jet you will not be able to spin the other, but still put it where you took it from.

Main fuel jets.
The main air jets, under them in the wells there are emulsion tubes.
Ecostat valve.
Idle fuel jets.
Idle air jets. They are unscrewed by touch with a slotted screwdriver after the fuel ones are removed.

Most importantly: after removing all the jets, do not forget to get the needle valve that is in the accelerator pump channel, otherwise there is a high probability of losing it. (Some don't even know it exists). To do this, carefully turn the carburetor over the table and the valve will fall out by itself. It is made of the same material as the jets, that is, brass. In the photo, with a commentary, you can see where it is installed.

After removing the jets, flush all channels. To do this, there are special cans of liquid for washing the carburetor. They are sold in auto parts, so it will not be difficult to buy. It is necessary to spray liquid into all channels of the carburetor with this can and leave it for a while (there is an instruction on the can). After a while, you need to blow, with compressed air, all the channels of the carburetor. It is necessary to blow gently so that the remaining liquid does not get into the eyes. After blowing, everything must be wiped with a dry cloth and dried. Also, do not forget to clean and blow out all the jets. Just do not clean the jets with metal wire.

Also check the condition of the accelerator pump, pay attention to the rubber cuff on the piston and the installation of the piston in the housing. The cuff must, firstly, seal the injection cavity and, secondly, move easily along the walls. To do this, its working edge should not have large scratches (folds) and it should not swell in gasoline. Otherwise, friction against the walls may become so difficult that the piston may not move at all. When you press the pedal, you act on the bar that carries the piston through the rod, the bar moves down, compressing the spring, and the piston remains in place. And there will be no fuel injection.

Now everything needs to be assembled in reverse order. After assembly, you will need to correctly set the fuel level in the float chamber. In old-style carburetors, it is convenient to have a window, set exactly half of the window and that's it. The level is adjusted by bending or bending a special float mustache. But in the carburetors of the new sample there is no window, you will have to use some kind of tool. (See Fig. 2.) And once again I want to say, in no case do not try to save money by lowering the fuel level in the float chamber, this will not lead to anything good. But costly repairs will be inevitable.

Rice. 2. Scheme for checking the fuel level in the float chamber:

1 - fitting; 2 - rubber tube; 3 - glass tube.

idle adjustment.

The minimum engine speed, at which it works most stably, is adjusted using a screw that changes the composition of the combustible mixture, as well as a stop screw that limits the extreme position of the damper. (See Fig. 3.) Idle speed is adjusted on the engine warmed up to operating temperature (80°C). In addition, all parts of the ignition system must be in good condition, and the gaps must comply with the passport data.

First, it is necessary to tighten the two screws for adjusting the quality of the mixture to failure, and then unscrew them by 2.5-3 turns. Start the engine and use the stop screw to set the average speed of the crankshaft. After that, using quality screws, it is necessary to bring the speed to 600 rpm. If the carburetor is adjusted correctly, then with a sharp opening of the damper, the engine should not stall, there should not be any dips and should quickly gain maximum speed.

Fig.3.

1- quantity screw; 2- quality screws; 3- safety caps.

On this, I believe, we can end the article. If suddenly, you didn’t find something, or you simply don’t have time to search, then I recommend that you read the articles in the categories " GAS repair". I'm sure you will find the answer to your question, and if not, write in the comments the question you are interested in, I will definitely answer.

Today on the agenda is tuning the K-135 carburetor and that's it possible problems that may be encountered during its implementation.
Many owners carry out the installation and tuning of carburetors in special tuning shops, but we want to discuss all the operations that should be performed to correct installation and do-it-yourself improvements.
Of course, if you are far from car repair and don’t know what jumpers are for on small part diffusers, you’d better not take on such car repairs, but if you already had experience in carrying out operations to improve your iron horse, then you must cope with all the ongoing work.

Installation of spare parts on the engine.

Before removing the part from the car engine, you will need to dismantle the air filter from the new part, and then disconnect the following items:

throttle and air damper drive

fuel supply hose

suction hose to vacuum corrector

the same hose to the thermal vacuum switch of the EGR system

suction and discharge hose

Many car enthusiasts may ask if the baffle on the carburetor diffuser can be removed, but we assure you that such a procedure is not required.
A new spare part should be installed on the flange at the intake type engine pipeline. Procedures are carried out through the gasket, and the new product is fixed with the help of four nuts. Spring type washers are installed under the same nuts in the process. You can also replace the gasket, but this procedure should be carried out if the old part is worn out and requires it.

Nut tightening sequence.

The procedure for tightening the nuts also has its own sequence, which looks exactly like this:

we wrap the first one until the moment when the spring washer is not fully compressed

the second should be screwed in so that it is located diagonally to the flange

now the first nut should be tightened until the washer is fully compressed

tighten the rest of the elements like the third paragraph

After following these procedures, the damper actuators and hoses listed above can be attached.

We prepare the part for proper functioning.

In order to carry out the initial tuning of a new part that we have already installed, you need to do the following:

Adjustment of control drives. Control actuators are dampers. You need to fully depress the pedal, after which the dampers should be fully open. In this case, the bend of the throttle lever should be in the position rested against the stop screw. In order to be sure that the adjustment was successful, you need to achieve a gap of 1-3 millimeters between the cable sheath holder and the end of the button on the dashboard of the car.

Now you need to pump fuel into the float-type chamber. The operation is carried out five to seven times using a manual drive of the fuel pump. At the same time, inspect for fuel leaks. It may be in the place where the fuel supply hose is attached or in seals and plugs.

Starting the engine after tuning the carburetor.

Before starting a cold engine, close the choke. Further, as the car engine warms up, it is necessary to gradually open the damper, while maintaining the most optimal and stable state of engine operation.
When you perform a hot and warm start of the engine, the damper should be in the fully open position.

Adjusting and optimizing.

Model K135 carburetors require adjustment of systems that directly affect the minimum engine speed during idling.
This adjustment also has its own order:

quality screws are screwed in until they stop, after which they are turned off 3 turns

the engine is started, warming up to a temperature indicator of the coolant of 80 degrees

the stop screw is set to the crankshaft speed of the minimum stable indicator

in. the quality must be scrolled until a certain instability appears in the functioning of the motor, after which it turns away 1/8 of a turn.

a similar procedure is performed with the second c. quality

in. stop is used to set the speed in the range between the coefficients 550-650

Finally, it remains for you to check the stability of the engine. Make sure it doesn't stall when you re-gas.

Carburetor adjustment GAZ-53

The GAZ 53 carburetor has a two-chamber system, each of them works on 4 cylinders. The throttle valve is equipped with a drive to both chambers at once, so the fuel is dosed synchronously to all cylinders. For rational fuel consumption in different engine modes, the carburetor has several systems for regulating the composition of the fuel mixture (TC).

It looks like a carburetor installed on a GAZ 53

The GAZ-53 has a K-135 carburetor. The carburetor has a balanced float chamber. It is able to simultaneously open the throttle valves.

The carburetor originally had the K126B brand, its subsequent modification K135 (K135M). Fundamentally, the models are almost the same, only the control scheme of the device has changed, and on latest releases a convenient viewing window was removed from the float chamber. Now it became impossible to see the level of gasoline.

K-135 is emulsified, with two chambers and a falling stream.

Two chambers are independent of each other, through them the combustible mixture is supplied to the cylinders through the intake pipe. One chamber serves from the 1st to the 4th cylinders, and the other all the rest.

The air damper is located inside the float chamber and is equipped with two automatic valves. The main systems that are used in the carburetor operate on the principle of gasoline air braking, except for the economizer.

In addition, each chamber has its own idle system, main dosing system and sprayers. The two chambers of the carburetor have in common only a cold engine start system, an accelerator pump, a partially economizer, which has one valve for two chambers, as well as a drive mechanism. Separately, jets are installed on them, located in the spray unit, and related to the economizer.

Each idle system includes fuel and air jets, and two holes each in the mixing chamber. A screw with a rubber ring is installed on the bottom hole. The screw is designed to regulate the composition of the combustible mixture. A rubber seal prevents air from penetrating through the screw hole.

The air jet, in turn, plays the role of emulsifying gasoline.

The idling system cannot provide the required fuel consumption in all engine operating modes, therefore, in addition to it, the main metering system is installed on the carburetor, which consists of diffusers: large and small, fuel and air jets and an emulsified tube.

Main dosing system

The basis of the carburetor is the main dosing system (abbreviated GDS). It provides a constant composition of the vehicle and does not allow it to become depleted or enriched at medium engine speeds. internal combustion(ICE). One fuel jet and one air jet are installed on each of the chambers in the system.

Idle system

The idle system is designed to ensure stable operation of the engine on idling ICE. The throttle valve of the carburetor should always be slightly ajar, and the gasoline mixture at idle (XX) enters the intake tract bypassing the GDS. The position of the throttle axis is set by the quantity screw, and the quality screws (one for each chamber) allow you to enrich or lean the mixture at idle. The fuel consumption of the car largely depends on the adjustment.

float chamber

The float chamber is located in the main body and maintains the level of gasoline in the carburetor, which is necessary for the normal operation of the engine power system. The main elements in it are a float and a locking mechanism consisting of a needle with a membrane and a valve seat.

Economizer

The economizer system enriches the vehicle at high engine speeds with increasing load. The economizer has a valve that, when the throttle valves are opened to the maximum, allows a portion of additional fuel through the channels bypassing the GDS.

accelerator pump

In the K126 (K135) carburetor, the accelerator is a piston with a cuff that operates in a cylindrical channel. At the moment of sharp pressing the accelerator (gas) pedal, the throttle actuator, mechanically connected to the accelerator system, causes the piston to move rapidly along the channel.

Scheme of the K126 carburetor device with the name of all elements

Fuel through a special atomizer is injected from the channel into the diffusers of the carburetor, and the vehicle is enriched. The accelerator pump allows you to smoothly move from idle to high speed and move the car without jerks and failures.

Speed limiter

The system does not allow exceeding a certain number of revolutions of the crankshaft due to incomplete opening of the throttle. The operation is based on pneumatics, due to rarefaction, the diaphragm in the pneumatic valve of the device moves, turning the throttle axis mechanically connected to the limiter assembly.

Launch system

The starting system ensures stable operation of a cold engine. The system consists of pneumatic valves located in the air damper and a system of levers that connect the throttle and air damper. When the suction cable is pulled out, the air damper closes, the rods pull the throttle behind them and open it slightly.

When starting a cold engine, the valves in the air damper open under vacuum and add air to the carburetor, preventing the engine from stalling on a too rich mixture.

Carburetor malfunctions

There can be many different malfunctions in the carburetor of a GAZ 53 car, but all of them are associated with increased fuel consumption, regardless of whether the mixture is enriched or lean enters the cylinders. Apart from increased consumption fuel is characterized by the following symptoms of malfunctions:

There is black smoke coming from the exhaust pipe. It is especially noticeable with a sharp increase in engine speed. In this case, shots can be heard in the silencer;
The engine is unstable at idle, it can also stall at idle;
The motor does not develop speed, chokes, there are pops during intake manifold;
With a sharp acceleration in the operation of the internal combustion engine, a failure occurs;
Sluggish acceleration of the car, but at high speeds the car drives normally;
Lack of power, the engine does not develop speed;
Jerks when driving, especially noticeable when accelerating.

Carburetor repair for GAZ 53 truck

Any of the carburetor systems can be faulty, but the following most often occurs:

Carburetor repair primarily involves flushing and purging all systems. To do this, the carburetor is removed and disassembled to clean all the jets.

Adjustment

The K126B carburetor (also the K135 carburetor) has several adjustments:

idle move;
the level of gasoline in the float chamber;
stroke of the accelerator pump piston;
moment when the economizer system is switched on.

Only one adjustment is made without dismantling the carburetor itself - this is the engine idling. This procedure is performed most often, it can be performed by any driver. It is better to entrust the rest of the adjustments to specialists, but there are often craftsmen who make any settings with their own hands.
For correct adjustment XX engine must be technically sound, all cylinders must work without interruption.

Idle adjustment:

with the engine turned off, tighten the quality screws of both cameras to the end, then unscrew each one by about 3 turns;
start the engine and warm up to working condition;
set the number of revolutions XX to approximately 600 with the quantity screw. There is no tachometer in the GAZ 53 car, so the revolutions are set by ear - they should not be too low or high;
we tighten one of the screws of quality and moment until there are interruptions in the operation of the internal combustion engine, then we take the screw back by about one eighth of a turn (until the motor runs steadily);
we also do with the second camera;
set the desired number of revolutions with the quantity screw;
if necessary, increase the speed with the quality screw if the engine stalls when the gas pedal is reset.

A.N.Tikhomirov CARBURETTORS K-126, K-135 GAZ PAZ CARS

A.N.Tikhomirov

CARBURETTORS K-126, K-135 GAZ PAZ CARS

The power of internal combustion engines is determined by the energy that is contained in the fuel and released during combustion. To achieve more or less power, it is necessary, respectively, to supply more or less fuel to the engine. At the same time, an oxidizing agent, air, is necessary for the combustion of fuel. It is the air that is actually sucked in by the engine pistons during the intake strokes. With the “gas” pedal connected to the throttle valves of the carburetor, the driver can only limit the air supply to the engine or, on the contrary, allow the engine to fill up to the limit. The carburetor, in turn, must automatically monitor the flow of air entering the engine and supply a proportional amount of gasoline.

Thus, the throttle valves located at the outlet of the carburetor regulate the amount of the prepared mixture of air and fuel, and hence the engine load. Full load corresponds to the maximum throttle openings and is characterized by the highest flow of the combustible mixture into the cylinders. At "full" throttle, the engine develops the most power achievable at a given speed. For cars the share of full loads in real operation is small - about 10.15%. For trucks, on the contrary, full load modes take up to 50% of the operating time. The opposite of full load is idling. In the case of a car, this is the operation of the engine with the gearbox disengaged, no matter what the engine speed is. All intermediate conditions (from idle to full loads) fall under the definition of partial loads.

The car engine operates in a huge variety of operating modes caused by changing traffic conditions or the desire of the driver. Each mode of movement requires its own engine power, each mode of operation corresponds to a certain air flow and must correspond to a certain composition of the mixture. The composition of the mixture refers to the ratio between the amount of air and fuel entering the engine. Theoretically, the complete combustion of one kilogram of gasoline will occur if a little less than 15 kilograms of air is involved. This value is determined chemical reactions combustion and depends on the composition of the fuel itself. However, in real conditions it turns out to be more profitable to maintain the composition of the mixture, although close to the named value, but with deviations in one direction or another. A mixture in which there is less fuel than theoretically necessary is called lean; in which more - rich. For quantitative assessment, it is customary to use the excess air coefficient a, showing the excess air in the mixture:

Carburettors K-126 and K-135 of GAZ and PAZ cars

A.N.Tikhomirov

In this article you will find:

CARBURETORS K-126, K-135 CAR GAS PAZ

Hello friends, 2 years ago, back in 2012, I ran into this wonderful book, even then I wanted to publish it, but as usual, there was no time, then my family, and now, today I stumbled upon it again and could not remain indifferent, after a little searching on the net, I realized that there are a lot of sites that offer to download it, but I decided to do it for you and publish it for self-development, read for health and gain knowledge.

Cand. tech. Sciences A.N.Tikhomirov

From the author

K-126 series carburetors represent a whole generation of carburetors produced by the Leningrad carburetor plant "LENKARZ", which later became PECAR JSC (Petersburg carburetors), for almost forty years. They appeared in 1964 on legendary cars GAZ-53 and GAZ-66 simultaneously with the then new ZMZ-53 engine. These engines, from the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, replaced the famous GAZ-51, along with the single-chamber carburetor used on it.

A little later, since 1968, the Pavlovsk Bus Plant began producing PAZ-672 buses, in the seventies a modification of PAZ-3201 appeared, later PAZ-3205 and an engine made on the basis of the same one that was used on trucks, but with additional elements. The power system did not change, and the carburetor was also, respectively, of the K-126 family.

It should be remembered that the carburetor is only part of a complex complex called the engine. If, for example, the ignition system does not work properly, the compression in the cylinders is low, the intake tract is leaking, then lay responsibility for "failures" or high flow fuel only to the carburetor is at least illogical. It is necessary to distinguish between defects related specifically to the power system, their characteristic manifestations during movement, and nodes that may be responsible for this. To understand the processes occurring in a carburetor, the beginning of the book is given to a description of the theory of regulation of spark ICEs and carburation.

Currently, Pavlovsk buses are practically the only consumers of eight-cylinder ZMZ engines. Accordingly, carburetors of the K-126 family are less and less common in the practice of repair services. At the same time, the operation of carburetors continues to ask questions that need answers. Last section book dedicated to identifying possible faults carburetors and how to eliminate them. Do not expect, however, that you will find a universal "master key" to eliminate every possible defect. Assess the situation for yourself, read what is said in the first section, "attach" it to your specific problem. Carry out a full range of work on adjusting the carburetor components. The book is intended primarily for ordinary drivers and those who maintain or repair power systems in bus or car fleets. I hope that after reading the book they will not have any more questions regarding this family of carburetors.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE AND CARBURETTOR DEVICE

1. Operating modes, ideal carburetor performance.

Thus, the throttle valves located at the outlet of the carburetor regulate the amount of the prepared mixture of air and fuel, and hence the engine load. Full load corresponds to the maximum throttle openings and is characterized by the highest flow of the combustible mixture into the cylinders. At "full" throttle, the engine develops the most power achievable at a given speed. For passenger cars, the share of full loads in real operation is small - about 10 ... 15%. For trucks, on the contrary, full load modes take up to 50% of the operating time. The opposite of full load is idling. In the case of a car, this is the operation of the engine with the gearbox disengaged, no matter what the engine speed is. All intermediate conditions (from idle to full loads) fall under the definition of partial loads.

A change in the amount of mixture passing through the carburetor also occurs at a constant throttle position in the event of a change in engine speed (the number of operating cycles per unit time). In general, the load and speed determine the mode of operation of the engine.

The car engine operates in a huge variety of operating modes caused by changing traffic conditions or the desire of the driver. Each mode of movement requires its own engine power, each mode of operation corresponds to a certain air flow and must correspond to a certain composition of the mixture. The composition of the mixture refers to the ratio between the amount of air and fuel entering the engine. Theoretically, the complete combustion of one kilogram of gasoline will occur if a little less than 15 kilograms of air is involved. This value is determined by the chemical reactions of combustion and depends on the composition of the fuel itself. However, in real conditions it turns out to be more profitable to maintain the composition of the mixture, although close to the named value, but with deviations in one direction or another. A mixture in which there is less fuel than theoretically necessary is called lean; in which more - rich. For quantitative assessment, it is customary to use the excess air coefficient a, showing the excess air in the mixture:

Carburetor adjustment to 135 on gas 53

The main functions of the carburetor in the car is the preparation and dosage of the combustible mixture. On ZMZ-53 engines, on GAZ vehicles, a carburetor is installed to 135. The process implies a uniform distribution of the combustible mixture over the cylinders power unit car.

The device and purpose of the carburetor to 135

The gas-53 carburetor device consists of several parts. Fuel consumption is controlled by independent fuel mixture control systems. Characteristics of the carburetor gas 53 has a drive to two chambers, for the synchronous distribution of the combustible mixture. The modification and device of the carburetor to 135 is equipped with a balanced type float chamber, this makes it possible to simultaneously open the dampers.

Scheme of the K-135 carburetor and speed limiter sensor: 1 - accelerator pump: 2 - float chamber cover; 3 - air jet of the main system; 4 - small diffuser; 5 - idle fuel jet; 6 - air damper; 7 - accelerator pump sprayer; 8 - calibrated economizer atomizer; 9 - discharge valve; 10 - idle air jet; 11 - fuel supply valve; 12 mesh filter; 13 - float; 14 - sensor valve; 15 - spring; 16 - sensor rotor; 17 - adjusting wing; 18 - viewing window; 19 - cork; 20 - diaphragm; 21 - limiter spring; 22 - throttle valve axis; 23 - vacuum restrictor jet; 24 - gasket; 25 - air restrictor jet; 26 - cuff; 27 - main jet; 28 - emulsion tube; 29 - throttle valve; 30 - idle adjustment screw; 31 - housing of the mixing chambers; 32 - bearings; 33 - throttle actuator lever; 34 - check valve of the accelerator pump; 35 - body of the float chamber; 36 - economizer valve.

Thanks to the improved intake, it was possible to achieve a more homogeneous working mixture. New head cylinder block, paired with a manifold, with high-quality tuning, they are accompanied by a decrease in toxicity. The carburetor for 135 is equipped with helical channel walls, with an increased compression ratio, it saves up to 7% of fuel.