What is a car modification: we study the model range. Subdivision of vehicles into types and modifications Vehicle modification what
If you are forever young at heart or if you are really a young man who loves cars, then you probably had various thoughts that it would be nice to tune your own " iron horse"After the intervention, the car will have to accelerate faster, fly into corners more steeply, the car will stop faster. Life will become paradise, and from an ordinary car, a" swallow "will turn into a real sports car, besides, all this can be done for mere pennies!
As you can imagine, free or very cheap cheese can only be found in a mousetrap, so we provide our readers with a list of mods that are best avoided, because they are useless.
5. Insert instead of catalyst
If you are a zealous environmentalist picketing VW headquarters with homemade painted posters at the start of the diesel scandal, then you better skip this part of the article. It turns out that there are people who don't care about the emissions of their cars at all. For them, maximum engine performance is more important, everything else can be sacrificed for the sake of speed and dynamics.
What tricks they just do not go, it's scary to say. According to these tuners, there is a very cheap and simple way by which you can make the engine "breathe" better by increasing the throughput of the exhaust system. Mods of this type are the most common. A simple pipe that attaches in place of the removed catalyst.
THEORY: installation of a tie-in in place of the catalyst (catalytic converter-converter) of the hollow tube should increase the throughput exhaust gases, increase the blowdown of the cylinders and accordingly.
REALITY:
in fact, it (the catalyst) contains an element that "burns" the bad gases coming out of the engine (carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons unburned in the cylinders). Passing through the filter, and thus being cleaned, the exhaust gases become less harmful. The insert replaces this system with a direct flow tube, assuming that a more direct (unobstructed) flow of gases will increase the engine power.
This is partly true, but in relation to some old turbocharged and supercharged engines, where such a tie-in can be practical. Most exhaust systems on newer engines do not suffer from this, and most modern car computers will not notice the difference, so that something really changes in terms of power.
If you are concerned about bandwidth exhaust system, it is better to choose a high-quality high-performance catalytic converter with an increased pipe diameter. This way, you at least get some measurable benefits without any headaches.
4. Racing fuel (fuel for racing cars)
Another useless thing that our auto-intelligentsia is already beginning to dream about. Abroad, this elixir has been in use for a long time. And a certain small percentage of people who do not mind the engine of their car sometimes pour this specialized composition into their tanks. The advantages that the experimenters are guided by usually boil down to the fact that sports fuel creates an environment in which detonation (premature combustion of the fuel) is very unlikely, due to which it is possible to accelerate the work of the boost, set nitrous oxide, etc.
THEORY: racing fuel should add a lot of extra to the car Horse power and expand the possibilities of its tuning
REALITY:
in fact, filling in a sporty one is very harmful for an unprepared (ordinary) engine. The specific composition of the fuel will simply kill your engine.
Most racing fuels are leaded, as opposed to unleaded fuel, which you refuel on a daily basis, which means that this type of fuel is incompatible with the catalyst, within a short time its combustion products will simply clog it. The same will happen a little later with the oxygen sensor.
V racing car, specially configured for powering this type of fuel, it certainly makes sense to pour it in. In a normal car, it is categorically DON'T pour it! First, it is harmful. Secondly, it's useless.
3. Adjustable lowering springs
From the factory, cars come with a tuned suspension. Its setting is a compromise between handling and comfort. The more one you have, the more you lose of the other. This is why the most comfortable and comfortable ones are often not able to take turns as quickly as cars with a sports suspension do.
However, if you are willing to sacrifice the softness of the suspension for the sake of cornering speed, there are dozens or even hundreds of different options on the shelves of car dealerships that can, with varying degrees of efficiency, change the way your car's suspension works.
One of the best ways you can turn your sofa into a rigid car is by installing a good (really good) set of struts and springs, or a custom coilover suspension system.
They will make the car more rigid, but at the same time more controllable, the center of gravity will decrease, the roll will decrease, the car will become predictable.
THEORY: the suspension can work wonders in terms of handling. It doesn't matter which kit you install, the cheapest or the most expensive, they all work the same.
REALITY:
most often they put a set of adjustable universal springs, in the opinion of many, this is the most rational and simple way to make the car obedient. They're both cheap and seem to get the job done. The key words in this "sort of like".
In order for the car to handle well, the springs and struts must be well matched, which means every spring on every axle must be matched to the balance and weight of the car, depending on what settings and ride quality you want.
In addition, the struts or shock must be strong and durable in order to take the tougher impacts. With a cheap pseudo-universal system, you will not only have any intelligible designations of which springs are there (it will be unrealistic to pick them up for your car), but also on such a rigid and super-compressed suspension, your passengers and suspension elements will get hit by the road. levers, shock absorbers. Everything will fall into disrepair very quickly, and instead of the joy of handling, you will end up with the frustration of repairs.
Instead, purchase a set of struts and matched springs from a reputable manufacturer, or an adjustable coilover system that does not require assembly. Your passengers will be grateful to you.
2. Short Ram Air Intake
Physics is hard to outsmart. Even if they want to convince you otherwise. One example of what is better not to bet on a car if you do not want to degrade its performance is Short Ram Air Intake. Firstly, this system will not increase air intake into the cylinders, and secondly, it can even reduce engine power!
The problem is that in order for it to start operating at any reasonable efficiency, you must be able to drive very fast, creating serious oncoming airflow. And even this will not be enough, the shortened air intake system will not function normally.
Yes, her bends are minimal, and it seems that the air flow will pass faster without lingering, but the trouble is that all this anti-scientific beauty is under the hood, in a very hot box. And as we know from the course of school physics, heated air has a lower density than cold air, which means that it will enter the cylinders in a smaller volume, and it will be difficult to fix this fact, even by an increased rate of air supply to the combustion chamber.
Naturally aspirated versions of vehicles are particularly sensitive to these types of intake configurations. high temperatures v engine compartment able to permanently remove a fair amount of horsepower.
Better to buy a good one, or better yet, install a well-designed cold intake system that draws in air from outside the engine compartment.
1. Spark plugs
If anyone tries to sell you spark plugs with promises of horsepower, then one of two things: they are either fools or liars. All are designed for one- initiate the combustion cycle, with two possible operating modes: "on" and "off". As with an HDMI cable, either the signal goes through it or it doesn't. The only rational explanation for the replacement is the failure of the candle or.
Do not believe us, trust the experts of the largest manufacturer of spark plugs NGK:
A common misconception is that replacing spark plugs will result in a significant increase in power. In most cases, replacing even seriously worn spark plugs will result in only very modest power gains, typically around 1-2% of the total engine power. This figure may be even less for computer controlled Vehicle, primarily because most new cars have more powerful systems ignition, and the machine's computer can make adjustments so that the operating conditions of the vehicles will be smoother.
Many people think that it is enough to just give more spark and it will burn more fuel. They don't understand that most of the new car engines so efficient that they burn all available fuel. Simply adding spark voltage cannot burn more fuel, because there simply won't be any.
When the engine receives a new set of spark plugs, peak efficiency is restored. The increase in power is usually minimal.
The concept of car modification exists in two parallel dimensions, which we will talk about today. A modification is a special series of a specific machine model on which certain parts were installed. For example, in Chevrolet niva there is a modification of the FAM-1 with a more powerful and modern power unit, and the company has also released a special series "Tundra", which can be considered a modification. Unlike the main model line the modification often has certain design inconsistencies. For many overseas manufacturers, the modification of the car may differ in the type of hinges on the trunk lid.
But there is another way of thinking about the term car modification. If you ask a professional at a car service about this, they will tell you that a modification is changing certain functions of the car by reinstalling the software or performing aggregate changes. That is, it is the process of modifying certain capabilities of the machine. However, even changing the seats to a more comfortable option will be regarded as a modification. Let's figure out the basic concepts and features of this difficult term.
Why is it important to know the factory version of your car?
The factory often conducts various kinds of experiments that are designed to improve the quality and functionality of the car. In one year of release, your model may have one type of part, and the next - completely different. Such modifications allow the manufacturer to not only improve the car and carry out various design changes between releases of different generations.
An important task of such changes is the serious motivation of the owners to go for service and parts directly to the official stations. Only here they can qualitatively assess one or another modification of the car, offer the necessary spare parts and normally produce necessary repairs... The company can also diversify the production of spare parts and achieve other benefits:
- integration of quality elements from other manufacturers into the machine system (for example, Bosch candles or filters);
- changing recommendations for car maintenance, which reduces the efficiency of unofficial service centers;
- production of a wide range of spare parts, increasing the required assortment for car stores;
- unloading of production, the use of free or not so busy production lines for parts;
- additional offers of services at official stations in the form of specialized services;
- testing and checking the performance of various technologies in practice through their implementation.
We do not always know about all the intricacies of the engine that is installed in our car. Its modification is necessarily indicated in the marking, but you must agree that when buying, you will not study the meaning of each digit and letter of this long code. Manufacturers often test their new technologies by producing prototype engines for serial production. Especially budgetary equipment manufacturers sin with such systems of work.
Therefore, the modification is quite important, because taking this factor into account, you can buy a proven car with a good power unit. It is also necessary to know the modification of the car in order to purchase the engine. Often in car stores we are offered the service of selecting spare parts by model and year of manufacture. This is a very crude approach, as the modification includes features such as type and series. power unit, codes of all main nodes, and even the name of the designer who made one or another edit to the originally existing technique.
Car modification - independent change of car parameters
Manufacturers strongly do not recommend unauthorized changes in the parameters of cars, to be introduced into the operation of units and to install optional equipment... Even the installation of such a popular subwoofer into the music system in the car can be considered a modification and affects the real quality of the machine's electrical circuit. Also, such changes affect the operation of the generator, forcing it to perform its functions under constant pressure.
The tightening of the operating conditions of the main units is an important change in the operation of certain machine units. Nevertheless, this opportunity is not neglected by many car owners. Thanks to reasonable modification, it is possible to significantly increase maximum speed and machine power, to achieve more functional operation of some important components. The most important options for unauthorized modification are as follows:
- change of programs for computer control of car systems - installation of new firmware;
- supplementing the car with certain comfort elements that consume electricity;
- change of interior details to obtain more expressive ride comfort;
- installation of wheels of larger diameter, change of brake discs and pads in order to visually highlight them;
Integration of struts and shock absorbers with other settings that differ from factory standards; - engine change or its overhaul with the expansion of the diameter of the cylinders and pistons;
- installation of gas equipment in order to save money on fuel consumption.
It must be admitted that manufacturing companies are extremely negative about any type of modification. If you decide to carry out a similar process on your machine, be prepared to discard the warranty and other important features. Also, after the modification, it is better not to come to the official service. Through important arguments, you will be persuaded to return factory parts, which will be incredibly expensive.
Given the lack of manufacturer's recommendations for modifying the car, you do this process solely at your own peril and risk. Therefore, you need to choose more quality details, as well as use the services of specialists who will suggest the best ways to solve any complex problems. This approach will help to achieve good results self-modification.
How not to modify your car?
Many new buyers quality cars immediately after acquisition, they seek to make certain modifications. Replacing discs, installing new seats, sports wheel and gas equipment - this is a serious list of popular modifications, but it is not recommended to make all additions and changes at once. The most optimal solution for any modification of your car will be the choice of the following sequence:
- running the car on factory wheels without any special changes in the design of the car, so as not to lose the warranty;
- using only factory parts for repairs in the first 10-15 thousand kilometers of run;
- regular contact to the official service in case of factory defects in the car;
- only after a confident break-in can you think about carrying out any modifications;
- after making changes in the main structural features, you also need to carry out a careful run-in;
- should not be introduced into the work of such important devices like engine, gearbox, as well as braking and steering systems;
- it is also not recommended to change the settings of the main equipment.
The manufacturer gives many important and correct recommendations for the operation of vehicles. If you have domestic car, modifications can really help you in a more economical and better operation. But make changes after buying a quality European or japanese car not worth it. Enjoy factory settings and don't make your transport less reliable. We offer you to watch a video about the modification of domestic transport, more precisely, about what can come of it:
Summing up
The use of fairly simple and well-known technologies will allow you to carry out the modification quickly and easily. But the consequences of this process can make you unpleasantly surprised. Remember that almost any idea of modifying a car that came into your mind has already crossed the mind of other car owners. For the harmless implementation of such a change, you can find the owner of the car who has already done this process.
Reading reviews and talking to experienced car service professionals will help you get more quality information. With this approach, you can only ensure successful modifications to your vehicle. Remember that modern technology is quite delicate and doesn't like experimenting with factory settings. Have you ever made your own car modifications?
We come across the word "modification" quite often and roughly understand what it is about. But there are a huge number of meanings of this term, united by a universal definition. This article will consider the phenomenon of modification from the point of view of various spheres of human life and activity, and also examples of the manifestation of this concept in science and everyday life will be given. So, modification is a change of some object with the simultaneous acquisition of new functions or properties by it.
Reasons for modifications
The reasons for the modifications can be as follows:
- Human intervention. An example of a modification in this case is, for example, lubricating the door, which makes it stop squeaking when opened. This is a common example. If we take more scientific types of modification, then this may be a change in the genetic code of the embryo, as a result of which the organism that has grown from it acquires new characteristics.
- Natural processes. Modification can also occur naturally. For example, water tends to freeze, as a result of which it acquires new properties - it becomes hard, cold and, falling in the form of hail, can ruin the crop grown by the farmer with incredible efforts.
- Pathological processes that do not depend on a person. Modification by a virus or cancer can lead to disease. Even one small cell, if it is not controlled by the body, begins to perform another function, working for the virus, multiplying it. The same applies, for example, to the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation on living organisms.
Modification in technology
In technology, modification is the creation of an improved version of a device on the basis of an old version of a device. It could be mobile phone, computer or any other device. For example, all versions of the iPhone are in fact modifications of the very first version of this smartphone. But most often this concept is meant not so much updated version devices that came out a year later, as a model with slightly different characteristics. In this case, an example of a modification is the Gsmart Roma R2 + phone, which has improved characteristics against the background of the model without the "plus" sign.
This process occurs due to the impact of human factors on the object. Modification of polymers is a set of actions aimed at changing certain properties of these materials, due to which they are given special physical and mechanical characteristics. One of the most popular ways to make this change is by chlorination, which can make polymers resistant to light, heat, or chemical attack.
Modification in biology and breeding
In these areas, modification is a purposeful or spontaneous change in the characteristics of a living being, not associated with a genetic mutation of the DNA code. It can be provoked both through natural mechanisms and under the direct influence of human factors. Simply put, modification is a change in the characteristics of an organism that improves its ability to adapt to the conditions of the surrounding world.
These characteristics generally depend on the conditions, and each trait associated with the genotype can, at different temperatures, air composition, manifest itself in the phenotype (appearance, in other words) in different ways. It turns out a certain modification of the body in the form that the scientist wants to get, or the body modifies itself for a faster adaptation to the environment.
1. For the purposes of conformity assessment in the type approval form, vehicles are of the same type if, taking into account the category, they do not differ with respect to the manufacturer and the criteria set out in this annex.
1.1.1. Significant design features:
1.1.1.1. Chassis (obvious and fundamental differences);
1.1.1.2. Power point(engine internal combustion or combined unit (hybrid vehicle) / electric motor).
1.2.2. Significant design features:
1.2.2.1. Chassis / structural body, single / double deck, single / articulated (obvious and fundamental differences);
1.2.2.2. Number of axles;
1.2.2.3. Powerplant (combustion engine or combination (hybrid vehicle) / electric motor).
1.3.2. Significant design features:
1.3.2.1. Chassis / structural base structure (obvious and fundamental differences);
1.3.2.2. Number of axles;
1.3.2.3. Powerplant (combustion engine or combination (hybrid vehicle) / electric motor).
1.4.2. Significant design features:
1.4.3. Chassis / structural body base (obvious and fundamental differences);
1.4.3.1. Number of axles;
1.4.3.2. Drawbar trailer / semi-trailer / center axle trailer;
1.4.3.3. A type brake system(e.g. unbraked trailer / overrun brake / externally energized braking system).
1.5.2. Chassis, frame, supporting base or structure on which the main units and assemblies are fixed;
1.5.3. Powerplant (combustion engine or combination (hybrid vehicle) / electric motor).
2. Vehicles of the same type are assigned to the same modification if they do not differ in respect of the following specified criteria:
2.1.1. Environmental class;
2.1.2. Body type;
2.1.3. Power point:
2.1.3.1. The working principle of the internal combustion engine (positive ignition / compression ignition, four-stroke / two-stroke);
2.1.3.2. The number and arrangement of cylinders of the internal combustion engine;
2.1.3.3. Maximum power (difference in power is not more than 30%);
2.1.3.4. The working volume of the internal combustion engine (the difference is not more than 20%);
2.1.4. Driving axles (number, location, connection);
2.1.5. Steering axes (number, location).
2.2.1. Environmental class;
2.2.2. Vehicle class (paragraph 2.2 of Table 1 of Appendix No. 1 to this technical regulations) - only for complete vehicles;
2.2.3. Completion degree (complete / unfinished);
2.2.4. Power point:
2.2.4.1. The working principle of the internal combustion engine (positive ignition / compression ignition, four-stroke / two-stroke);
2.2.4.2. The number and arrangement of cylinders of the internal combustion engine;
2.2.4.3. Maximum power (the difference is not more than 50%);
2.2.4.4. The working volume of the internal combustion engine (the difference is not more than 50%);
2.2.4.5. Location (front, middle, back);
2.2.5. Technically acceptable maximum mass(the difference is not more than 20%);
2.2.6. Driving axles (number, location, connection);
2.2.7. Steering axes (number, location).
2.3.1. Environmental class;
2.3.2. Body type / loading space design (for example, on-board platform, van, tipper body, fifth wheel coupling, tank, insulated body, specialized equipment) - only for complete vehicle;
2.3.3. Completion degree (complete / unfinished);
2.3.4. Power point:
2.3.4.1. The working principle of the internal combustion engine (positive ignition / compression ignition, four-stroke / two-stroke);
2.3.4.2. The number and arrangement of cylinders of the internal combustion engine;
2.3.4.3. Maximum power (the difference is not more than 50%);
2.3.4.4. The working volume of the internal combustion engine (the difference is not more than 50%);
2.3.5. Technically permissible maximum weight (difference no more than 20%);
2.3.6. Driving axles (number, location, connection);
2.3.7. Steering axes (number, location).
2.4.1. Completion degree (for example: complete / unfinished);
2.4.2. Body type / loading space design (for example, on-board platform, van, caravan, tipper body, insulated body, tank, specialized equipment);
2.4.3. Technically permissible maximum weight (difference no more than 20%);
2.4.4. Steering axes (number, location).
2.5.1. Body shape, body (basic characteristics);
2.5.2. The mass of the vehicle in running order (the difference is not more than 20%);
2.5.3. Technically permissible maximum weight (difference no more than 20%);
2.5.4. The working volume of the internal combustion engine (the difference is not more than 30%);
2.5.5. Frame design (obvious and fundamental differences);
2.5.6. Power plant (internal combustion engine / electric motor / others);
2.5.7. The number and arrangement of cylinders of the internal combustion engine;
2.5.8. Maximum engine power (difference no more than 30%);
2.5.9. Transmission type (with manual control, automatic).
3. Modifications of vehicles can be subdivided by the manufacturer into versions (configurations), consisting of combinations of parameters permitted by the manufacturer, from the number contained in the general technical description the type of vehicle attached to the documents certifying compliance with the requirements of this technical regulation.
Wherein:
For each version, there can be only one value for each of the following parameters:
3.1.1. Technically permissible maximum mass;
3.1.2. Internal combustion engine displacement;
3.1.3. Maximum engine power;
3.1.4. The type of gearbox and the number of its stages;
3.1.5. The number of seats.
The variable values of the following parameters cannot be combined within the same version:
3.2.1. Vehicle curb weight;
3.2.2. Technically permissible maximum mass;
3.2.3. Power plant power;
3.2.4. The working volume of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.
The make and model of a car cannot be attributed to the identical concepts, as some suggest. If you look closely, you can find huge differences between them. One car make can have quite a few models.
Car brand belongs to the basic concept. Otherwise it can be called like a brand or trademark. A completely extraneous example can be cited: Nokia N8. This phrase lets us know that this is a Nokia phone, model N8. The same goes for cars: make, and the model can be Octavia or Yeti. But, more often than not, they try to determine by the brand of the car its belonging to any auto concern. For example, a VAZ car. The VAZ brand indicates that this car was made at the AvtoVAZ plant.
Almost a car of any brand has a model, and more than one. The model tells about the type of vehicle (what type of body), produced under a certain brand. An example would be the lineup Subaru brands- Forester, Outback, Impreza, DRZ, Legacy, Tribeca or WRX. To make it clearer what the model range of a car brand represents, I will give an example: the Petrov family consists of Masha, Petit, Katya, Stepan. Everyone bears the surname Petrov, but their names are different. The same can be said about the Suzuki family - these are Swift, SX4, Vitara. 
What does the name of the car model say?
The brand name can have different origins. It can be in the form of an abbreviation - BMW (translated from German it will sound like "Bavarian Motor Plants"). And "" proudly bears its name thanks to the daughter of the head of the concern, representative office in France. If we consider the Mercedes models in more detail, then you pay attention that each model contains a letter and a number in its name. The letter speaks of belonging to the class, and the number - of the volume of the engine (this applies light transport) - E320 or A180. This suggests that the car body belongs to class E, and its engine volume is 3.2 liters. Another example can be deciphered in the same way: body A with an engine volume of 1.8 liters. Thus, we can conclude that the representative class of Mercedes cars have the designation S, and the letter A belongs to the budget series.
And if you want to find and buy a car from your mobile, you can use the Yandex Auto application for Android. You can download it here - link .
Digital car secrets
Some car brands in which the model name has only a set of numbers. This mainly concerns the Chinese manufacturer. Some models have such a large set of numbers, and the name itself is ready to be remembered only by the salon manager himself. By some car manufacturers, the brand name contains a set of numbers that indicate the sequence of production. That is Toyota Land cruiser 80, 100,200.
On cars that have stickers like 4WD or AWD, or 4 * 4 indicates the type of four-wheel drive transmission. But since most of the concerns strive for their own individuality, some abbreviations can already be seen on their trunk lids - TDSi (Ford) or JTD (Fiat), which indicates that these cars are equipped with diesel engines.
Variety of cars
There is a huge variety of car brands emblems in the world. Each of them indicates the quality of the car, produced by a particular automaker. Not every car enthusiast is given the opportunity to identify the brand of a car by its badge.
The image of the sign has a very deep history. The formation of each of them took place for a long time, since not every enterprise was given the opportunity to work in the field of vehicle production. Over time, the icons have been regularly improved.
It should be noted right away that the number of emblems existing in the world corresponds to the number of car brands. It is impossible to make an accurate estimate of the number of all car brands in the world. No source contains such information.
