Reagent granulated anti ice: features and properties. What antifungal reagents work better? Comparative analysis reagents for melting of snow and ice

11.08.2020

In the city, antifungal reagents are the embodiment of the real evil itself: cars rust from them, goes out of construction, pets are sick, lawns and trees dry out. Therefore, in a country life, I want to do without them. Well, or at least, apply the safest and eco house near your home. How to choose them?

The safest

Let's start with the fact that the existence of safe and eco-friendly antifungal reagents, which are used in civilized Europe - no more than the myth. Three substances are used to combat snow and ice, three substances are used - sodium chloride (salt), magnesium chloride (bishofite) and calcium chloride. Specific preferences are determined by the proximity of cities to one or another field: the salt is far from being taken. Therefore, Bishofit is especially popular in the US, and in Europe - sodium chloride (Galit). All these substances are approximately the same effect on people, and on plants.

The case in quantities that are used and the method of spraying. For example, in Berlin, a total of 20 g of sodium chloride on a square meter is recommended before the expected freezer. To understand how little it is - try to evenly distribute the tablespoon of salt on the meter size per meter. Just so, without special devices will not work. Therefore, the reagents need a seeder-dispensers!

By the way, contrary to the common opinion, the salts used as antifungal reagents should be purified from different mechanical and chemical impurities. So, the sodium chloride used to combat ice, cleanly can be compared only with the Classic Salt Class "Extra". Tatyana Alekseeva, Technologist GK Ronov suggests that pedestrian zones, paving tracks are prohibited from processing chemicals. To combat the ice, the sand is used here - this is the most a budget option, as well as granite or marble crumb.

The result of the ideal winter content is the absence of snow and sleep, dry clean asphalt, which can be comfortable to move both drivers and pedestrians.

Where, what and how much?

Many people think that you can buy a bag of safe, eco-friendly reagent and calm down. Alas, the universal reagent does not happen.

Bogdan Vodopyan, SHELTERLOGIC Business Development Director (manufacturer of Rockmelt's reagents line) told in what cases which reagent is useful.

The track peeled from snow. Up to -7 o C can be used any reagent. The smaller his particle is the better. Maximum dose - 70 g / m2 (three tablespoons).

If the temperature drops, the salty salt stops working. In the presence of special equipment that allows you to wet the wetting slices at the time of spraying, you can work with sodium chloride and further. Well, and near your own home is better to use a reagent consisting of sodium chloride with the addition of calcium chloride. The latter absorbs moisture from the air and the salt continues to "work".

Track with rolled. Here, on the contrary, salts are needed in the form of large granules. They literally "burly ice." But if the temperature dropped below -10 ° C, remove the ice from the tracks is no longer recommended. It is better to use abrasive materials - marble or granite crumb, sand. Each of them has their own advantages and disadvantages. Marble, crumbling, gives white packing traces. But it (if, of course, a little) in the summer you can not clean. He gradually decompose in the soil.

Granite crumb does not pack the floor in the house, but at the end of winter it is necessary to assemble it from the tracks. Otherwise, it can be slipped on it and will be lit.

Sand is an excellent abrasive, especially if there is no danger that he will score storms. But they bring it often dirty, with an admixture of clay - with all the ensuing consequences (and with the ice struggles badly, and the dirt is spread).

Porch, open veranda. The optimal reagent is magnesium chloride (bishofit). The fact is that this salt with numerous temperature fluctuations is least destroyed by flooring (tile, terraced board, etc.)

Oblaged gate. Long January thaw led to the appearance of a huge amount of puddles. When frost hit, many could not open the gate to the plot or doors of garages. To cope with the thick ice crust, it is useless to pour a small salt - you just get salty puddles. Use major salt granules. Distribute them evenly in problem place And after 6-10 hours, get perforated ice, which will easily break the shovel.

Walkway from a bath. If you love after the steambar dipped into the hole or simply sow in the snow, treat the path from the bath of the cooking salt (coarse abrasives do not fit here - you can hurt).

By the way, the salty salt will be best selectionIf you have pets. Just do not overdo it with quantity.

Choosing management companies

Many companies serving the territories of country villages take into account the dislike Muscovites to reagents and are trying without them. This is happening in the village of Townhouses "Little Scotland" and in various villages Villagio Estate, where the emphasis is on timely clearing of the territory from snow. With ice fight, sprinkling the paths with sand. Antonina Zelinskaya, director of the Ekoservis Obninsk management organization, says that in the residential complex "Ecodolie Belkin" they use a sandy-salt mixture and sand.

The largest assortment of antifungal materials have in the residential complex "Dubrovka". Depending on weather conditions, the calcium chloride (Icemelt) is used here, calcium and sodium chloride mixture (Ratmix) and specially prepared granite crumb. The policy of the management company is to make a treatment for mechanical cleaning of the territory, apply the reagents minimally.

By the way, the duties of management companies are usually maintained in the appropriate form of access roads, playgrounds, pleasure zones. For individual households, care for an additional fee. Someone from the inhabitants ask him to be cleared a parking place, and someone orders and clearing the tracks on the site.

In order to quickly get rid of ice on the roads, power lines, and so on, there are specially designed tools. Such means are called antifungal reagents. These mixtures are used to clean the snow and ice, and, probably, every person has ever watched the roads and sidewalks. The reagents have long been an integral part of the life of modern people, so you want this or not, but you have to get along with their shortcomings.

But you see, white divorces on the shoes that can be erased at any time, not so terrible. But the sand that will crumble with the soles and spread with the hallway throughout the house, much worse. And the salt, which is added to the sand, strongly destroys the asphalt and thus spoils the roads. Naturally, it is much better and more convenient to use modern new generation reagents against ice, in addition, they have many additives that reduce the influence on the flora and fauna of cities.

Which antifungal reagent is better to use

If you need a mixture to remove snow and ice, then when choosing a reagent you need to pay attention to some details. So, there are three types of mixtures this type: sodium, calcium and magnesium. Anticoloring magnesium-based reagents are most effective, because they bring the minimum damage to shoes, cars, plants, and so on, and also have a longer duration of the action than the remaining mixtures. Such reagents are in their composition natural material - bischofit.

This material is a crystalline salt obtained from the evaporated ancient sea. It is very profitable to use such an antifungal reagent, because its consumption is only seventy grams per square meter. And in the package of such a mixture of twenty or twenty five kilograms. The reagent is effective at a temperature of fifteen to thirty degrees below zero. It depends on the composition of the mixture, as well as its prices. Naturally, reagents are more expensive will be more resistant to low temperature.

Where antifungal reagents are used

Rockmelt's reagent is often used to combat icy, which has a crystalline bishofite salt in its composition, due to which it has a high speed of action. Rockmelt acts instantly, immediately when entering ice or snow. This is a big advantage of the mixture, because there are emergency situationsin which the road is every second.

Tools are used to sprinkle high-speed highways, trails, as well as parking in front of shops, sidewalks and other sites, which may occur dangerous to the life and health of people situations. The use of antifungal reagents does not require special knowledge. It is enough to simply lightly sprinkle the necessary segment with a mixture from the package and after a few minutes will be seen the result.

For several years, the authorities of various cities of Russia are trying to determine the most effective tool against icing Travel parts, pedestrian walkways, runways, etc. To the reagents necessary to perform this task, the following requirements are presented: safety for people, environment and road surface, efficiency and high speed. And at the moment the place of the leader in all these characteristics takes formic acid.
All funds used against icing are divided into natural and artificial. The first group includes sand, small granite / marble crumb, etc. And to the second one can attribute reagents obtained in chemical laboratories: calcium chloride, sodium, magnesium and others. It can also include formic acid. Despite the difference in the reagents in composition, as well as chemical properties, they all possess one property: decrease in the melting point of snow.

What are the main differences formic acid From other means of dealing with snow and wilderness?

Earlier in various cities of the Russian Federation, mixtures of sand and technical salts were used for the sprinkling of roads and sidewalks (in a ratio of 92 by 8%). However, the first component with the onset of spring littered the drains, streets, lawns, etc. A second component of a mixture, characterized by high efficiency and constant action, was characterized by the ability to destroy the wheels and body of cars, shoes of local residents, etc. Green plant sites.

All this led to the authorities of the capital of Russia decided to use environmentally prosperous reagents to fight ovetercited, such as magnesium chloride. However, over time, it turned out that with overall efficiency in the fight against ice cake, these substances are unsafe for motorists and pedestrians. They create an oily film on the roadbed, significantly increasing braking distances vehicle. In addition, a tendency to accumulate magnesium anion in water bodies and soils was revealed. At the same time, calcium chloride solution, environmentally friendly and capable of serving a fertilizer for soil, causes allergic reactions in people, feeding the body of cars.

Compared to all listed reagents, formic acid (or rather its salt) is absolutely safe. It has the ability to biological decomposition under conditions of low-temperature regime (with minimal oxygen spending). The specified substance is not able to harm the person or environment. Moreover, it has minimal corrosion activity. According to experts, in addition to all of the above, formic acid is able to strengthen the actions of any other reagents.

Despite the fact that the cost of the substance under consideration is somewhat superior to the same indicator that distinguishes the natural means of combating ice (for example, such as granite / marble crumb), its use is much more profitable. After all, solid bulk substances are able to apply tremendous damage. In particular, the granite crumb in the subway is extremely quickly leading to a breakdown of escalators. And the marble fraction lies in dust enters light children and adults, causing a wide variety of diseases.

One of the main problems of municipal services is always considered to clean the snow and land, and despite the constant introduction of new ways to rescue from ice, salt is still in the go. The Village gathered 5 technologies for cleaning the streets in those countries where the snow falls in the winter, he learned about their advantages and minuses and took comments from ecologists, shoe masters and ordinary residents.

Salt (NaCl)

Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev

Cheapness

Harm. Salt is chloride, very active substance. For example, several years ago she led to the accident on the southern substation (Petersburg), the wire connector laid underground. Salt leads to corrosion of pipes, bridges, cars, causes allergies, harms shoes, clothes, animal legs and historical monuments. Not to mention the environment, as it gets into groundwater, soil and river.

Sidewalks sprinkle with technical salt or salt mixes based on it
Snow cleaning in Kiev

MOSCOW

In cleaning the territories the capital has advanced the rest of the regions. Moscow road builders are proud of their system of preventive measures: even before the snow dropping road is treated with liquid reagents - 28% solution of calcium chloride and sodium chloride (food salt). Processing is made based on the data of the meteorological service and radar systems capable of predicting the amount of precipitation with an accuracy of 1 mm of water or 1 cm snow. Moscow utilities love reagents - this year they first decided to sprinkle their yards and sharply increased the volume of purchases of solid chemicals.

270,000 tons of salt are covered with an area of \u200b\u200b88 million square meters. m. Winter for the cleaning of Moscow roads takes 2.1 billion rubles monthly.

KIEV

Petersburg

Also on the streets you can find sand and traces of the action of a special mixture "Bionord", which are cleared sidewalks. It includes three types of salts: calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and sodium chloride. For the winter, the city purchased 92,000 tons of "Bionor". For snow porridge, which results in salt action, even there is a special name - Shuga. Salt can melt the ice up to a temperature of minus 21 ° C, however, when lowering the thermometer, the thermometer is lowered below the minus 9-10 ° C, its efficiency drops sharply. In Finland, salt cease to use as soon as the temperature drops down below the minus 5 ° C. Finnish meteorologists argue that roads become less slippery at very low temperatures.

Opinion: Chemical Reagents on Roads

Eugene, Wizard of the Shoe Repair "VIP-Master":"The strongest salt eats the thread. Therefore, flashing shoes suffers most. In addition last years The quality of shoes fell: the manufacturing technology has changed, the factory marriage has become worse, the materials have become worse. Therefore, the footwear from salt suffers very much. If we talk about the leather shoes of high quality, then with everyday care for it, the drying of special harm does not cause salt. During the years with a small amount of snow, on the contrary, the shoes are more erased, significantly increasing the reservoir and spans. "

Friction method:
Sand and stone crumb

Austria, Finland, Germany, Sweden and others

ecology, reuse

loaded on the roadway no more than half an hour:
it demolines wind, wheels of cars and legs of pedestrians.

In Helsinki, snow is tamped and sprinkled with stone crumb

After long samples, errors and scientific research Europe almost completely refused the use of chemical reagents for melting snow and ice. In Berlin, for example, the law allows the use of salt only on dangerous areas of roads. Chemicals are too obvious harm to the environment and urban economy. Small sand - also not the best way. It is dust falls into the lungs and is not suitable for secondary use. While gravel and stone crumb - eco-friendly and economical, although initially and cost more than salt.

In the spring, the crumb is collected by special devices resembling a vacuum cleaner, wash and used again next year.

The method of spreading sand and other abrasive (solid and fine-grained) materials are called friction: the ice is not completely eliminated in this way, but the clutch with the road improves. The main condition for using this technology is the road to be cleaned almost to the asphalt immediately after the snowfall or during it. In some cities in Europe, even there are special boxes with gravel placed for pedestrians so that residents can scatter the sand yourself, if very rall. By the way, such drawers can sometimes be found in St. Petersburg, for example, at the Big Sampwehonian Avenue and near the "Old Village" subway.

In 2010, 22 million euros were allocated for the maintenance of roads in winter in Finland, however, due to heavy snowfall, the budget was exceeded by 17 million.

Aurora Ramo, resident of Helsinki:"When the snow goes at night, it is usually cleaned before people wake up and go to work. But if there is a lot of snow, then you do not have time to clean it, and then everything stops! Three days ago I was waiting for a bus 45 minutes: they just don't go anywhere, although they usually go every 10 minutes. Sometimes passengers even have to push the bus from the snow. As for ice - I do not know how often the sidewalk sprinkle with a crumb, but I never slipped this winter, even very drunk. And with shoes everything is in order. It concerns the streets, and in the courtyards no one is responsible for spreading gravel, my grandmother recently fell on ice. But in Berlin in the winter is very slippery. Last year I felt as if I came to the rink without skates. "

Torgeir Vaa method

SWEDEN

efficiency, environmental friendliness, long-term result

need a special expensive technique

The method invented by Tourgeir WAA is introduced in Sweden in experimental order

In 2004, in Sweden introduced a new method of dealing with ice, which came up with Swedish scientist Torgeir Vaa. The fine sand in the proportion of 7 to 3 is mixed with hot water of 90-95 ° C and spray on the streets. Hot sand is wetted in the snow and makes the surface rough. This processing is enough for 3-7 days with daily traffic of about 1,500 cars. Or until a new snowfall passes.

Alternative chemicals

USA, Canada, New Zealand

Chloride Magnesium

high efficiency

more expensive than technical salt and causes
even stronger corrosion of metals

Great Salt Lakes in Utah

Americans and Canadians for cleaning streets and sidewalks are used mainly of magnesium chloride, which is mined on great salt lakes in Utah. MgCl2 contains less chlorine than other chlorides, and its effectiveness with less consumption is significantly higher. In the winter of 2010, Maryland spent $ 50 million for cleaning roads, Virginia is $ 79 million. In Canada, 1 billion dollars allocate on the maintenance of roads in winter.

Calcium-magnesium acetate
and calcium chloride

ecology

high cost, you can not use at low temperatures

Snowfall in Wellington

Calcium-magnesium acetate is used in most cities in New Zealand. For metals, it is not more harming the water, and environment It has a slight impact by the absence of a chlorine ion. However, this chemical is used only to minus 7 ° C. Popular tool is also calcium chloride. By the way, its 10% solution is sold in pharmacies, and in the household conditions CaCl2 is used to prepare cottage cheese.

Urea

environmentally friendly

7 times more expensive salt, inffective

Suspended bridge, which is cleaned of snow with urea

From organic means is most often used urea. Due to low corrosion activity, it is usually used to remove ice with hanging bridges. Urea is non-toxic, but not enough effective for use in large cities.

No means

Japan and the remaining 230 countries

After the snowfall in the aomori prefecture

In the mountains of Japan in the winter dropping up to several meters of snow, and in the cities - 15-20 cm per night. As a result, by the end of winter, the sidewalks and long-distance roads turn into narrow snow canyons with walls height in 2 human growth and higher. However, the roads in Japan do not proceed, only feel snow. Therefore, in the cities, the ice is not such a rare phenomenon. At the same time, studded tires are prohibited in the country. By the way, the snow cleaning near the houses and on the sidewalks is the task of the residents themselves.

Opinion Ecologist

Semen Gordyshevsky, Chairman of the Board of the NP "St. Petersburg Ecological Union":"The best way is to remove snow on time and even on time. Finns and Swedes with this easily cope. Finland adopted the most secure environmental regulations that approve the minimum use of salt. In St. Petersburg, they are waiting for the snow to be drowning up to sleep, and then fall asleep her salt. Few people think about where the salt is moving from the streets. And she either falls into sewage stocks from sidewalks and snowfavior installations and then filtered on the sewage treatment plants, or flows with water into the channels and is taken into the bay. And, oddly enough, the first option is worse. The precipitate formed in the sewage treatment facilities is burned. A chlorine contained in salt, during combustion, it distinguishes very hazardous substances - dioxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other connections. In St. Petersburg, there are 3 plants such a precipitate. And all burnt household chemicals, detergents And the salt in the form of dangerous connections is spread from them by the wind in the city. "

One of the main tasks of the state is to ensure the safety of citizens, including in winter time. This requires antifungal reagents - solid (bulk), liquid or combined chemicals that can melt snow, ice and snow-ice formations, as well as reduce the freezing temperature of the brine consisting of melting water and reagent. Most often, the following types of salts are used as reagents: chlorides, acetates, carbamides, formates, nitrates.

These substances are different working temperature, melting ability (the ability of 1 gram of matter to melt a certain amount of ice), corrosion activity for metal and concrete, price, impact on shoes, animals, soil, on human health.

Let us give a consolidated table in which we analyze the basic properties and characteristics of funds intended for the fight against the ice.

We will compare according to the following indicators: working temperature, melting ability, corrosion activity, cost, environmental impact, urban infrastructure and human health.

Reagent name	Working temperature	Melting ability	Corrosion activity	Price	Impact on humans and the environment	Output
Pescosolanse mix	before 12 ° C (judging by sodium chloride (the only melting substance in the composition))	practically zero melting ability, as the proportion of salt in the mixture is insignificant (about 5%) - it is mainly added to prevent sand	high in relation to metal structures and cement concrete	about 1 200 rubles per ton	according to WHO, it causes oncological, allergic and cardiovascular diseases. Leads to exacerbation of diseases of the respiratory system	Ineffective in the fight against the ice. Does not increase the clutch, calls "secondary" ice. Leads to dusting of air, which has a negative impact on the human body. Leads to clogging of stormwater, the cleaning of which is a very expensive event. High distribution costs and subsequent cleaning.
Sodium chloride (technical salt, Galit)	before 12 ° C.	at temperatures below -10 ° C - melting capacity is very low	0.8 mg / cm 2 · Available - pretty high	about 3500 r per ton, at a low price has a high consumption rate - 150-200 g / m2	sodium chloride promotes soil salinization, aggressive in relation to shoes and fur	Sodium chloride has a relatively low price, but at the same time a high rate of consumption, negatively affects the soil, has high corrosion activity. It works efficiently only to -12 ° C. Application in settlements is prohibited.
Calcium chloride	34 O S.	massive ability lower than that of sodium chloride	possesses one of the most high levels Corrosion activity - 1.02 mg / cm2 · day	price - from 15 000 r per ton, but at the same time a small consumption - 50-70 gr / m2	negative impact on shoes, annoying skin	The largest plus of this substance is a low operating temperature. Otherwise, almost one minuses are high corrosion activity, an impressive price, a negative impact on the health of people and their property.
Magnesium Chloride (Bishofit)	18 O C (Solution)	have 2.0-2.5 times lower melting ability than anti-rolling materials based on other salts. This is due to the fact that the active substance in the solid bishophyte is not more than 48%. The rest is crystalline moisture	solid bishofit may be 1.1 mg / cm2 * SUT (when exposed to steel brand 3) with a valid value of 0.8.	the cost of bishophyte is about 20,000 rubles per ton	Bishofit contains compounds of potentially toxic elements (first and second hazard classes): heavy metals - selenium, fluorine, bromine. That is, in high concentrations, this substance is dangerous for plants and animals, as well as for humans. Bishofit adversely affects plants, in agriculture it is used as a desicant	In 2004, the use of magnesium chloride as antifungal material on the territory of Moscow was prohibited. Bishophytic antifungal reagent threatens people's health and harm the surrounding medium.
Chloride potassium	4 ° C.	melting ability of low		about 18 000 rubles per ton	beneficially affects the soil, is a fertilizer, low toxic	Due to its low conscious ability, this salt is used mainly as a component of other antifungal reagents, as well as on specialized territories - kindergartens and so
Nitrate	30 O S.	high melting ability		from 60 000 rubles per ton	nitrates are destructive for nature, poorly affect the soil. In Moscow, the use of nitrates was prohibited in 2010 after experimental winter	the use of nitrates in settlements is extremely limited: bridges, overpasses
Acetata	up to -50 ° C	high melting ability	low corrosion impact	90 000 rubles per ton	application in settlements is prohibited due to the smell of vinegar. In some cases, he causes people suffocations, nausea and dizziness	Acetate-based antifungal reagents are used only on well-ventilated areas (bridges, overpass, or airfields). In the cities it is impossible to use them.
Formates	up to -19 ° C	high melting ability at -5 ° C and -10c	0.14 mg / cm 2 * Sut - in sodium formate Corrosion activity compared to sodium chloride and calcium chloride is 8-10 times lower	from 30 000 r per ton	do not adversely affect shoes and fur, decompose in soils. Formates - organic salts that do not harm human and animal health, is part of some medicines, used as feeding for animals (in particular, rabbits) so that food is better absorbed	The class of danger in formates is 4th - low hazard substances. Given that sodium formate is able to significantly reduce the negative properties of chlorides, at the moment this substance is widely used as a component in salt mixtures, which makes it possible to achieve the ratio of "efficiency and economic feasibility". In its pure form, sodium formate is used at airfields, as well as in park and forest zones and in specially protected areas. The use of sodium formate in its pure form in cities is impossible due to its high price, but are recommended for the use of multicomponent antifungal reagents with this substance as part of
Urea	up to -4 about with	low melting ability	does not have a negative effect on metals	from 8000 rubles per ton	does not affect the shoes and fur, positive to plants and soils (is a fertilizer), low toxic. But at the same time its use is not recommended near reservoirs.	used as a component for multicomponent antifungal reagents.
Multicomponent reagents with formats (type "Bionord")	up to -25 o with	high melting ability	low corrosion activity	from 15 000 rubles per ton	allergies are not caused, decomposed in soils, safe for human, for animals.	Due to the average price and low cost of 50-70 GR / m2, the use of multicomponent reagents is profitable. The addition of sodium formate minimizes the negative impact on metal and concrete. Do not pollute the soil, are derived from it for 72 hours, decaying carbon dioxide and water. Multicomponent anti-flame reagents of the Bionord type combine the high melting ability of chlorides and environmental friendliness of formates.

We conclude that almost all melting ice substances, if they are used as one-component anti-gear reagents, have their drawbacks. Therefore, in terms of the combination of efficiency, environmental friendliness and favorable prices, multicomponent anti-rolling reagents with sodium formate are most suitable for use in the urban environment.

An example is the Bionord tool, which manufactures the Urals plant of antifungal materials (UZPM). This is a reagent based on several chloride salts and formates. In Moscow, the antifungal reagents of the Bionord type are used for more than 4 years, during this time the number of injuries among pedestrians has become less than 2.5 times, the number of accidents due to the unsatisfactory state of the roads decreased by 30%, despite the growth of the fleet . Also, the percentage of soil salinization decreased by 2 times. The compositions of this type are considered the most secure chloride-based antifungal materials in Russia.

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