ZMZ 514 diesel engine reviews from owners. Middle age crisis

The ZMZ 514 diesel engine is produced at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, and is the only diesel representative of the entire line of engines of this type. Initially, the power unit was intended for trucks produced by the GAZ group of companies, but the bulk of the engines are purchased by UAZ for installation on their cars.

Specifications

Diesel ZMZ 514 was initially developed specifically for GAZ cars, but later became preferred for cars of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. During the development process, the motor became more reliable and increased power characteristics.

Let's consider the ZMZ 514 diesel and its technical characteristics:

The main part is installed on vehicles manufactured by Ulyanovsk automobile plant, namely: UAZ Patriot (Diesel), Hunter, Pickup and Cargo.

Powerplant modifications

The ZMZ 514 motor has become quite widespread and has a wide range of modifications. This is done to adapt the power unit to the vehicle. The ZMZ-514.10 engine family is 4-cylinder 16-valve diesel engines with a displacement of 2.24 liters

Power unit maintenance

Maintenance of the 514th internal combustion engine is carried out as is typical for all domestic diesel vehicles. The service interval is 12,000 km, but most experts and car enthusiasts agree that to preserve and increase the service life, it is necessary to reduce this figure to 10,000 km.

When conducting Maintenance are changing Consumables and oil. The first point includes coarse and fine oil filters, as well as fuel filters. Depending on operating conditions, it is also recommended to check the air filter, which may become clogged after 15-20 km.

When carrying out maintenance, especially if you do it yourself, special attention should be paid to the condition of the injectors, glow plugs, as well as the condition fuel pump high pressure.

Untimely repair of the latter can lead to more serious damage to the plunger pair, which will entail additional capital investments.

Conclusion

The ZMZ 514 diesel engine has gained quite wide popularity in vehicles produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. The simplicity of the design, characteristic of all motors produced by the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, makes it quite simple and easy to repair the motor yourself. The power unit is serviced every 12,000 km.

What is a “rogue” without a diesel engine? Misunderstanding. Crawling through mud or sand, making your way through the forest with a gasoline engine is awkward. The manufacturer has been looking for a worthy UAZ for many years power plant. But everything is somehow awkward. Another thing .

GRANT'S CHILDREN

First there was the Polish supercharged diesel Andoria: 2.4 liters, 86 horsepower - remember? Not a bad engine, based on an English one, but expensive. They would buy it if there were spare parts for it. It was replaced in 2005 by our miracle - the diesel ZMZ-514. There are spare parts everywhere, inexpensive generators, starters, clutches, power unit mounts, injectors, and also a well-developed network of stations. Great! But the trouble is, the diesel engine broke down in the hands of the “collective farmers”.

It overheated a little and the head went away. Once a week I didn’t look under the bottom - I said goodbye to the power unit supports, held high revs- broke the belt, bent the valves... God forbid pulling the trailer and loading it more tightly: the diesel engine will crush the liners!

I don’t blame the designers: they solved the task handed down from above to build from gasoline engine ZMZ‑406 diesel. But it is impossible to do this efficiently. Let's say, to get the same characteristics as a gasoline engine, crankshaft you will have to load one and a half times more. This means that you need to increase the diameter and length of the necks, otherwise the liners will flatten. It would also be nice to increase the radius of the crank, because a diesel engine is a torque engine. But where? The block is already there, the “knee” too. Get ZMZ-514 - a complete compromise.

Such an engine would suit a light car, for example a Niva, but the guys from Togliatti are looking for a pair with pedigree. Therefore, experienced jeepers who own the 514 treat it extremely gently. They even remove the iron roof and seats to make life easier for the Trans-Volga diesel engine.

NEIGHBORHOOD

However, off-road people are not used to moaning and began to look for an alternative to diesel. The Ulyanovsk company Dartech sent messengers to neighboring China, where there is a large enterprise: it ships externally and domestic markets 500 thousand licensed diesel engines, including Isuzu.

We ordered a sample - a 92-horsepower supercharged “four” F-Diesel 4JB1T. They disassembled, measured and found it suitable for installation on a UAZ. All engine sensors have been adapted to work with control devices, adjusted the power unit mounts and handed over the drawings to the Chinese to make an adapter plate for our gearbox and clutch.

The diesel passed the tests confidently. They tested both in everyday life and in very harsh conditions - “based on” the popular trophy raids in the Ulyanovsk province, in which you have to drive fast, but up to your ears in mud and with a winch. At the finish line, the time was no worse than that of the combat vehicles.

After Dartech, he launched a small series of UAZs - from the "loaf" to the "Patriot" - with such engines.

SLOWLY BUT SURELY

I tested the car while driving. The work history of a hard-working diesel engine cannot be hidden. You need to operate the gearbox lever quickly and feel the edge of the thrust at each step. But you get used to it right away. The pace in the city is at a level that is not inferior to passenger cars in the capital of the province. In fifth gear I can move without strain at sixty, and accelerate to one hundred and twenty without squinting. Pulls! The clutch is a little tight, but it works smoothly, you can forget about easing the throttle. Therefore, maneuvering in a parking lot with this diesel engine is as easy as with an automatic transmission.

In the forest distances, the UAZ is like an elk. He breaks through the thicket and rides where it’s scary to tread.

We got into the forest at the beginning of winter and ran into a rut that had not yet frozen. “Turn it down and you don’t even have to gas,” my companion, a company engineer, advised me. It’s scary: if we rush in without accelerating, we’ll get up and drown. Climbing behind a winch cable into a dirty slurry of snow and ice is not a pleasant prospect: your feet are wearing boots with thin soles. There’s nowhere to go - I plunge into the swamp. The heart skips a beat, but quickly goes away. The engine, snoring richly at two thousand, pulls confidently. The wheels break the ice, manage to catch something in the mud, and the car crawls along the ruts as if nothing had happened. The shoes remained clean... This would not have worked with gasoline.

IS IT WORTH IT?

During the year, Dartech produced more than two dozen cars with F-Diesel engines. There were no complaints from the owners. They say that even in Japan, in Hokkaido, such a car is being driven and the owner is quite pleased with himself. The price of a UAZ-Hunter with a Chinese engine is 650 thousand rubles. Expensive? Perhaps. After all, the factory UAZ with gasoline engine costs only 400 thousand, with a diesel engine - 450 thousand. With a diesel fuel consumption of 8 liters per hundred, the savings on fuel will pay off the overpayment of 250 thousand rubles only after 90 thousand kilometers. But with a gasoline engine you cannot get the off-road qualities that a diesel engine provides.

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Diesel engine ZMZ-514.10 and its modifications ZMZ-5143.10-50, ZMZ-5143.10-50. Design. Service. Repair.

The main task of this album is to ensure the system is “developer-manufacturer-user of all forms” technical information, which allows everyone interested to receive comprehensive answers to all questions related to ensuring the performance of the ZMZ-514.10 diesel engine and its modifications at different stages of operation.

— Technical data of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine and its systems.
— Design and design of the engine. Cross section.
- Maintenance. Types and content of work.
— Recommendations for maintenance.
— Engine assembly - step by step.
— Subassembly of components and assemblies.
— Location of marks and holes for pins for replacing the injection pump drive belt. Diagram of the fuel supply and removal system on the UAZ-315148 vehicle.
— Connection diagram of the engine control system.
— Dimensions, tolerances and fits of mating engine parts.
— Methodology for checking and adjusting valve timing.
— Turbocharger.
— Tightening torques for main threaded connections.

The ZMZ-514.10 diesel engine is high-speed, 4-cylinder, with VE type fuel equipment with a mechanical regulator, an adjustable turbocharging system and an exhaust gas recirculation system.

The ZMZ-5143.10 engine uses:

— 4-valve gas distribution mechanism design with two screw inlet ports per cylinder;
— central location of the nozzle and combustion chamber in the cooled piston;
— steel cylinder head gasket;
— forged, alloy steel, nitrided crankshaft;
— anti-friction, wear-resistant coatings for the working surfaces of valves, pistons and piston rings.

Designed for installation on cars middle class, light trucks, minibuses, SUVs with a total weight of up to 3.5 tons.

The frequency of the first and second maintenance of the ZMZ-514.10 diesel engine and its modifications ZMZ-5143.10-50, ZMZ-5143.10-50 is established depending on the categories of vehicle operating conditions.

ZMZ 514 is an economical and easy-to-use diesel engine installed on UAZ Patriot cars and a number of other car models from the UAZ automaker.

This power unit was developed in 2002 and is produced today with minor changes.

Specifications

The modification of the ZMZ 514 engine has the following characteristics:

The engine is installed on UAZ Patriot, Cargo, Hunter, Pickup and.

Description

The development of the ZMZ 514 diesel engine began at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant in 2002, which is still being produced.

But back in 1978 it was planned to produce a diesel engine with a power of 90 Horse power, intended for installation on UAZ vehicles.

The development of the engine lasted 15 years, during which several prototypes were produced that did not provide adequate reliability and did not have acceptable performance. fuel efficiency.

In 1993, it was decided to intensify development diesel engine, and the promising gasoline engine was taken as the basis. As a result, just two years later the first prototype was released, which received the index 406D.10. This two-liter 105 horsepower engine became the basis for the creation of the power unit of the ZMZ 514 family.

The design of the new power unit was carried out by specialists with the involvement of English motorists from the Ricardo company. Tests carried out in England showed the imperfection of the cylinder block; as a result, it was decided to use stronger and lighter aluminum rather than cast iron for the manufacture of the cylinder head. The ZMZ 514 cylinder block is made of cast iron using injection molding technology.

Modifications

The first batch was collected in 2002 diesel engines ZMZ 514, which were installed on Gazelle. However, already in the first year of operation it became clear that there were difficulties with servicing the engines of this series, and two years later production was stopped.

ZMZ engineers began work on the engine, which lasted for a year and a half. As a result of the modification, the design of the connecting rods, cylinder block and timing chain was changed.

• In November 2005, production of the second generation of this power unit was resumed, which received the ZMZ index 5143. This engine has proven itself to be the best. It was distinguished by its efficiency, ease of maintenance and reliability. New engine installed on UAZ Hunter vehicles.
• In 2012, production of a modernized version of the power unit began, which received the ZMZ index 51432.10 CRS. This version of the engine was equipped with Common Rail and fully complied with the rigid environmental requirements Euro 4 standard. The engine of the series was installed on UAZ Patriot, Pickup, Hunter and Cargo vehicles.

The use of a direct fuel injection system on the ZMZ 51432 Common Rail has significantly improved fuel efficiency. Compared to the previous generation of this engine, the ZMZ 514 consumed 10 percent less diesel fuel and at the same time provided better engine response at low revs.

At the same time, it must be said that the use of this electronic system direct fuel injection led to a more complex design of the ZMZ 514 power unit, and, consequently, reliability decreased.

Design

• Diesel motor ZMZ The 514 is distinguished by its simplicity of design, and thanks to the extensive use of aluminum, it was possible to reduce the weight of the power unit to 220 kilograms.
• Factory to manufacture installed on this model engine, increased service mileage, which made it significantly easier to operate the vehicle. The engine turned out to be undemanding in terms of oil quality, and a well-thought-out cooling system prevented engine failure due to overheating.
• This power unit used a chain drive for the timing belt, which eliminated the need for difficult work for replacing or adjusting the timing chain.
• A characteristic feature of the modernized ZMZ 514 was the use of a combined lubrication system, which simultaneously sprayed oil and lubricated the moving elements of the engine under pressure.
• The service interval for oil changes is 15 thousand kilometers. However, car owners themselves recommend constantly checking the oil level. Blackened oil indicates the need to replace it and carry out other service procedures on the engine.
• The engine pistons are cast from reinforced aluminum alloy, which ensures their maximum possible resource. The piston skirt is made with a special barrel-shaped shape and has an anti-friction coating. This coating does not burn through even after 200 thousand kilometers.
• It must be said that the power part of the ZMZ 514 motor has proven itself to be quite reliable and durable. Piston burnout or crankshaft failure are extremely rare and are caused by improper engine operation. Such breakdowns are often caused by prolonged operation under load and the use of low-quality fuel.
• The updated ZMZ 51432 engine has four valves for each cylinder, and the intercooler is responsible for cooling the air entering the cylinders, the use of which has significantly increased the power of the ZMZ 51432 engine and improved its behavior at low speeds.
• The turbine used, although it has a turbo lag characteristic of inflatable motors, is at the same time reliable and does not require any significant repairs. Its resource is equal to the resource of the entire power unit.
• The engine has a power supply system from the German company BOSCH, which eliminated existing problems with the operation of glow plugs. The engine life is stated at 250 thousand kilometers. Major renovation may be required for a mileage of 300 thousand kilometers or more.

Malfunctions

Tuning

The ZMZ 514 diesel engine has a significant margin of reliability, which allows you to increase engine power through the use of reconfigured control programs and through major engineering tuning.

When increasing the power of this power unit, you should remember that the car owner carries out all work solely at his own peril and risk.

1. The simplest and relatively reliable way to increase the power of the ZMZ 514 is the so-called chip tuning, which involves installing a new control unit. This allows you to get an increase of about twenty horsepower. Certain chip tuning options require removal particulate filter, which leads to deterioration of emission standards and reduces engine life.
2. Installing a lightweight crankshaft and bored cylinders on the ZMZ 514 allows you to get an additional 10 to 15 horsepower.
3. Many car owners install a lightweight flywheel, which also increases engine power by 5-8 horsepower.
4. Extreme tuning options involve replacing the turbine with sports model with high blood pressure. However, in this case, the engine life may be significantly reduced.
5. Replacing the standard one exhaust system The ZMZ 514 engine will also improve the power performance of the power unit. Depending on the sports exhaust model used, the car can gain from 8 to 10 additional horsepower.
6. Replacing the standard one will add another 2-3 horses air filter to a sports version with zero resistance.

In total, the work carried out to increase the power of the ZMZ 514 will allow us to obtain an additional 40 to 60 horsepower. You just need to remember that when performing tuning, you need to contact professionals, which will allow you to carry out all the work technically competently, and if the service life of your engine deteriorates, it will be insignificant.

The domestic diesel ZMZ-514, reviews of which we will consider further, is a family of four-cylinder engines with 16 valves and a four-stroke operating mode. The volume of the power unit is 2.24 liters. Initially, the engines were planned to be installed on passenger and commercial vehicles produced by GAZ, but they were widely used on UAZ vehicles. Let's consider its characteristics, features and responses from owners.

History of creation

As confirmed by reviews, the ZMZ-514 diesel engine began to be developed in the early 80s of the last century. The designers created new motor based on a standard carburetor analogue for the Volga. A prototype was constructed in 1984, after which it underwent technical and field testing. This modification received a volume of 2.4 liters, the compression level was 20.5 units.

The design included an aluminum cylinder block, pistons made of the appropriate alloy with a special relief, barrel-shaped skirts, an oil filter clogging indicator, a pre-heating plug, and jet cooling of the piston group. This model did not go into wide production.

Already in the early 90s, the designers of the Zavolzhsky plant returned to the development of a new generation diesel engine. The main task set for the engineers is to create not just a motor based on a carburetor analogue, but to produce a unit that is as unified as possible with the basic prototype.

Peculiarities

Taking into account the errors in the initial developments and the desire to ensure maximum unification with the 406.10 variation, the diameter of the ZMZ-514 (diesel) engine was limited to 86 millimeters. Dry material was introduced into the design thin-walled sleeve in a cast iron monolithic block. At the same time, the dimensions of the bearings, both main and connecting rod, have not changed. As a result, the designers achieved maximum unification in terms of crankshaft and cylinder block. The presence of a turbine supercharger with cooling of air flows in the engine was originally planned.

The pilot model under the symbol 406.10 was released at the end of 1995. A special small-sized nozzle for this “engine” was made to order at the Yaroslavl YaZDA plant. In addition, they decided to make the cylinder head from aluminum rather than cast iron.

At the end of 1999, an experimental batch of ZMZ-514 diesel engines was produced. UAZ is not the first car on which it appeared. At first, the engines were tested on Gazelles. Unfortunately, after just a year of operation it became clear that the units were not competitive and were difficult to maintain.

According to experts, the equipment available at the plant at that time was simply not enough technical capabilities to release the engine with high quality characteristics. In addition, the component parts also caused mistrust, since they were supplied from different manufacturers. As a result, serial production was curtailed without actually starting it.

Modernization

Despite the difficulties, the refinement and improvement of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine continued. The configuration of the BC and cylinder heads was modified, while simultaneously increasing their rigidity. To ensure adequate sealing of the gas seam, a multi-level foreign-made metal gasket was installed. The piston group was completed by specialists from the German company Mahle. Timing chains, connecting rods and many minor parts were also modified.

As a result, serial production of the updated ZMZ-514 diesel engines began. The UAZ Hunter is the first vehicle on which these engines began to be installed en masse since 2006. Since 2007, modifications with elements from Bosch and Common Rail have appeared. The upgraded specimens consumed ten percent less diesel fuel and showed best indicator throttle response at low speeds.

About the design of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine

“Hunter” received a four-stroke engine with an in-line L-shaped arrangement of cylinders and a piston group. With a pair of camshafts located at the top, rotation was provided by one crankshaft. Power unit equipped with a closed forced liquid cooling circuit. Parts were lubricated using a combined method (pressure supply and splashing). The updated engine had four valves installed on each cylinder, while the air was cooled through an intercooler. The turbine is not ideal, but is practical and easy to maintain.

“Bosch” injectors are made in a double-spring design, making it possible to provide a preliminary supply of fuel. Among other details:

Crank assembly

Reviews of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine indicate that the cylinder block is made of special cast iron in the form of a monolithic structure. The crankcase part is lowered below the axis of the crankshaft. For refrigerant, flow-through slots are provided between the cylinders. Below are five main bearing supports. The crankcase is equipped with nozzles for oil cooling of the pistons.

The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy by casting. At the top of the cylinder head there is a corresponding mechanism consisting of drive levers, camshafts, hydraulic bearings, intake and exhaust valves. Also in this part there are flanges for connecting the intake pipe and manifold, a thermostat, a cover, glow plugs, cooling and lubrication elements.

Pistons and liners

The pistons are made of a special aluminum alloy, with a combustion compartment built in the head. The barrel-shaped skirt is equipped with anti-friction coating. Each element has a pair of compression rings and one oil scraper analogue.

The steel connecting rod is made by forging, its cover is processed as an assembly, so it is not allowed to replace them with each other. The damper is bolted, and a sleeve made of a mixture of steel and bronze is pressed into the piston head. The crankshaft is forged steel, has five bearings and eight counterweights. The journals are protected from wear by gas nitriding or high-frequency hardening.

The bearing shells are made of an alloy of steel and aluminum, the upper elements have channels and holes, the lower counterparts are smooth, without any recesses. The flywheel is attached to the rear crankshaft flange with eight bolts.

Lubrication and cooling

Reviews of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine on the UAZ Hunter note that the engine lubrication system is combined and multifunctional. All bearings, drive parts, lever supports, tensioners are lubricated under pressure. Other rubbing parts of the engine are treated using the spray method. The pistons are cooled by a jet of oil. Hydraulic supports and tensioners are brought into working condition by supplying oil under pressure. A single-section gear pump is mounted between the BC and the filter.

Cooling is closed liquid type with forced circulation. The refrigerant is supplied to the cylinder block and processed in a solid-fill type thermostat. The system contains a centrifugal pump with one valve, V-belt, serving to transfer energy from the crankshaft pulley.

Timing

The distribution elements (shafts) are made of low carbon alloy steel. They are immersed stably to a depth of 1.3-1.8 millimeters and have previously been hardened. The system has a pair of camshafts (designed to drive the intake and exhaust valves). Cams of different profiles are located asymmetrically relative to their axis. Each shaft is equipped with five support journals and rotates in supports located in an aluminum head. The parts are closed with special covers. In motion camshafts are driven using a two-stage chain drive.

Characteristics in numbers

Before studying the reviews about the ZMZ-514 diesel engine, let’s consider its main technical specifications:

• working volume (l) - 2.23;
• rated power (hp) - 114;
• speed (rpm) - 3500;
• maximum torque (Nm)—216;
• cylinder diameter (mm) - 87;
• piston travel (mm) - 94;
• compression - 19.5;
• valve arrangement - a pair of intake and two exhaust elements;
• distance between the axes of adjacent cylinders (mm) - 106;
• diameter of connecting rod/main journals (mm) - 56/62;
• engine weight (kg) - 220.