Hydrokompensators are knocking: reasons and what to do. The easiest way to eliminate the knock of the hydraulic components
As follows from the name, the hydraulic component is a hydraulic mechanism in the car engine.
It is responsible for maintaining a permanent working gap in the valve mechanism of the DVS, since with increasing engine temperature, the size of its parts and gaps between them occurs.
The health of the hydraulic components guarantees trouble-free operation power aggregate Car, including with significant leaks of temperature.
It supports the gap of intake or exhaust valves in the same level, including in the occurrence of GDM and the valve mechanism as a whole.
Ideally, when working, the hydrocompensator should not make any extraneous noise - silk, grincping or knock.
Any such sounds indicate its malfunction and the need to diagnose the mechanism.
Ignoring the problem in the future can lead to the incorrect operation of the force aggregate, increased flow Gasoline, rapid wear of the valve mechanism and critical drop power drop.
With proper caringness and careful operation of the car, the hydrocomathers serve for a long time and do not require any special attention.
However, sometimes problems with this node are still happening.
For example, if the car already has a solid mileage, when natural wear of the hydraulic pairs of the hydrocomponnet occurs, error in service or a significant break in the operation of the vehicle, the system, and its partial delighting can occur.
It is manifested by such a defect on the heated engine with a small knock in the GRM drive.
Solve such a problem can be tried independently by pumping the hydrocomathers.
Insofar as working fluid Hydrocomathers serve motor oil DVS, then you need to trace so that the oil is fresh and its level is sufficient.
If everything is in order, then the car needs to start and raising turns up to 2 thousand. Give it to work for 2 minutes.
Then give the engine to work for about 3 minutes by changing the revolutions in the range from 1.5 to 3 thousand. After that, let go of the gas pedal and give the engine to work on idling Approximately 1 minute.
For the disappearance of the defect, one cycle of pumping is most often most often, but may also be repetition.
If after 2-3 pumping noise in the GDM drive is preserved, then it is necessary to look for a malfunction of the hydrocomathers by diagnosing and parsing the mechanism.
It should be noted that the knock is the most important external manifestation of the malfunction of the hydrocomathers.
It may arise for various reasons, the following are:
- . significant depreciation of the mechanism or the defect in the process of operation, up to jamming, hydrocomathers;
- . low-quality, unreasonable or lost factory properties engine oil;
- . Mud deposits in the inner parts of hydrocomathers or violations in the DVS lubrication system.
The ingress of dirt and deposits into the internal cavities of the hydrocomathers are associated, as a rule, with a poorly functioning oil filtration system in the engine, clogged with an oil filter, a long period of operation of the engine in an old oil.
Therefore, it is very important to strictly follow the requirements of the automaker and timely replacing the oil and oil filter in a timely manner, pour oil with an appropriate engine marking engine and viscosity.
Also, it should be replaced by oil and filter after all DVS faults, for example, after its overheating, since such problems may result in changing the chemical properties of engine oil.
With significant contamination of the hydrocompensators, a characteristic knock may appear both when the engine is cold started and after it is heated to normal temperatures.
Experts believe that the wall of the hydrocomathers arising on the cold engine, immediately after launch, is not a sign of their malfunction.
If, after warming up the engine, the knock disappears, then this can be attributed to the normal operation of the mechanism.
At the time of starting the engine, the oil in it does not have the desired viscosity hydraulic components, which leads to the appearance of the knock, then the oil is heated, the knock disappears.
"Cold" knock may also arise for the following reasons:
- Fault Valve of the hydraulic components.
During the engine idle time, the oil can flow from the hydrocompensator, which leads to a systematic recent mechanism. During heating or pumping, the pressure is normalized and the knock disappears; - Significant pollution of the oil channels of the hydrocompanator.
The higher the temperature of the oil, the less dense becomes the deposition of dirt in the channels, so that the knock will disappear. Here you need to keep in mind that over time, the channels can be shuffled tightly, it will finally eliminate the hydrocomponancetor, and it will constantly knock. In some cases, the situation can correct the use of cleaning additives of engine oil good quality from the proven manufacturer; - Incorrect operation of the oil filter.
If its functional ability to skip the oil is broken, then at the beginning of the operation of the engine, the hydrocompensators may experience oil starvation, when leaving the "working viscosity", the knock is disappeared, but the problem oil filter Nevertheless, it is better to replace.
Cutting hydrocomathers in the engine with a warm engineer, experts consider the most dangerous. It can be a permanent knock on a heated motor at idle and under the load in motion.
The fault diagnostics begins with the definition of the source of the knock in the engine, because parts that can knock when the engine occurs in the engine is abuse: pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and distribution shafts, etc.
The wall of the hydrocompanator is quite characteristic, ringing, metallic, in high tone and proceeds directly from under the valve cover.
In diagnostic purposes, car service specialists often use a stethoscope.
As a rule, if the hydrocompensator is knocking constantly, it speaks of his critical fault. It is necessary to dismantle the mechanism and determine its condition.
If the cause of the hydrocompanator's knock is in a heated motor in the pollution of the oil supply channels, it will be enough to disassemble and rinse. At the same time, it is recommended to conduct an audit of the lubricant system, replace the engine oil and an oil filter.
If the plungering pair has occurred, then such a hydrocompensator is immediately replaced.
When replacing one hydrocompensator due to its jam, it is better to replace the entire set so that in the future it did not have to open the engine to repair or defecting other hydrocomathers.
Only prepared hydrocomathers should be installed.
New "factory" hydrocompensators are filled with oil solution, it is not necessary to delete it, it will ensure the trouble-free start of the mechanism and in the future mixed with engine oil.
If the hydrocompensator is installed after disassembling and washing, it must first be filled with engine oil first to avoid bringing the mechanism and shock loads on the motor after its start.
Replacing the hydrocompensators has its own technical featuresassociated with the installation of the right working position of plunger pairs, so this work is better to entrust the professionals of the car service.
Moreover, the engine is the most expensive part of any car and experiments with its parts, as a rule, is expensive.
Look at our engine repair prices
How much does it cost? Prices for such work are quite loyal. Call us and see for yourself!
| Name | Engine | Domestic | Foreign cars | |
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| Cylinder block (boring) | from | 2700 | 2700 | |
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| Hydrocompensators (replacement) 8 valves | 8 valves | from | 1900 | regulatory |
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* Pricing are familiarizing, valid on 06/10/2018 and are subject to change without notice. Not a public offer.
Modern cars are becoming more perfect and smart. This also applies to the gas distribution mechanism. It is very important that the valve always opened and closed at the right time to ideally, there was no gaps between switchgear And the valve itself. This gives many advantages, such as an increase in power and reduce fuel consumption. Previously, the valve was carried out manually, then there were mechanical "wide" pushers (which, by the way, used to this day on many cars), but the vertex of the evolution was hydraulic compensators or simply "hydrocompensators". They have many positive moments, but also negative enough, in particular they can knock. Today I will try to tell a simple and understandable language about the device, as well as about some breakdowns, there will be a video version at the end ...
To begin with, definition:
Hydrocompensators - these are devices using oil pressure to automatically adjust the gaps between valves and distributive treals (or shaft). Thus, improving dynamic characteristics, reducing fuel consumption. It is worth noting that the acoustic comfort is improved, the engine is trivially running quieter.
But before the appearance of hydrocompensators, mechanical valve regulators were installed on cars ...
A bit of history
Hydraulic compensators replaced less effective mechanical regulators of gas distribution mechanisms. As a rule, the usual engine valve, let's say on the classical engine VAZ 2105 - 2107, does not have a hydrocomathence agent so it was often adjusted, on average 10,000 kilometers. Valve adjustment on, VAZ 2105 - 2107, was performed manually, that is, it was necessary to remove the valve cover and exhibit the gaps, with the help of a special probe, which differed in thickness, which means you could pick up for your run.
If the adjustment does not produce, then the engine of the car, started to make noise, the dynamic characteristics decreased, and the fuel consumption increased. After 40 - 50,000 kilometers, the valve should be changed in general. That is, the mechanical adjustment of the valve, "softly" say - I outlived myself, it was necessary to do something, so to be improved to improve the design.
So on the engines of the front-wheel drive VAZ, the mechanical pushers be installed in front of the valve. If you extend, then a large "hat" was simply dressed up on top, it has a large diameter (than in the old design), and therefore the wear has decreased much, because the larger diameter is much more complicated than small. But the adjustment still remained, of course not every 10,000 kilometers, much less often, but it is still recommended to do it. This usually occurred by lining the repair "washers", increased height. It is worth noting that "such" mechanical adjustments are quite effective and are used by some manufacturers so far, the adjustment of the washers is recommended no earlier than 40 - 50,000 kilometers (if we talk about our VAZ) on some foreign cars pushers go even longer. Big pluses are simplicity of construction, unpretentiousness (you can pour semi-synthetic oils), as well as relative cheap design. The minuses can be noted that when the "washers" is developed on top of the engine, the engine began to work noise, dynamic characteristics fell and consumption increased. We needed a design that automatically regulated the gap.
And at the change of mechanical adjustment of the valve, a completely new technology came. Everything is simple here - now you do not need to adjust the valve manually, all the hydrocomathers will be done for you. They themselves will place the desired gap of the engine valve, thereby increasing the engine resource, the power increases, the fuel consumption is reduced, and the mechanism goes for quite a long time 120 - 150,000 kilometers (with due service). In general, a step forward.
What are the types of hydrocomathers
These devices are widely used in the MRM systems. However, their analogues are used in the tension chains, the so-called "tensioner chains timing" At this time, only 4 designs apply.
- Hydraulicator. It is often used on modern cars for adjusting the gap between the valve and the switchgear
- HydroPraof
- Hydropar for installation in levers and rockers. Mainly applied on old timing mechanisms
- Roller hydrotrotel
All 4 types have places to be on various structures, although the "hydroopor" was often used earlier in engines. Now more and more manufacturers go to "hydrotroders". With types, it is a little clear, now in more detail how they work.
Principle of operation of the hydrocompensator
To begin with, I want to disassemble the components of the hydrotherapler:
- Camshaft cams
- Pelo in the body of the hydrocompensator
- Plunger sleeve
- Plunger
- Spring Valve Plunger
- Spring GRM
- Clearance between the hydraulic components and camshaft camshaft
- Ball (valve)
- Oil canal in the body of the hydrocompensator
- Oil canal in the head of the cylinder block
- Spring Plunger
- Valve TRM
Hydrocompensator This is the intermediate between the valve and the distribution shaft of the gas distribution mechanism. When the shaft fist (1) does not press the hydraulic compensator, the valve (12) is in a closed state, by exposure to the spring (6).
The spring of the plunger (11) presses on the plunger pair (3 and 4) due to this housing of the hydrocompanator moves to the shaft, until it flips into it, thereby sharing the clearance is minimal.
The pressure inside the plunger is performed using the oil pressure, it moves from the motor through the channel (10) and then into the channel of the compensator itself (9). Next, through the groove (2) it comes inside, where the valve (8) rejects and passes by creating pressure.
Then the camshaft camshaft goes down, creating pressure on the hydraulic compensator. The oil that went inside the plated pair creates pressure on the valve (8) actually sparking it. As we know, the oil is practically not compressed, so after locking the compensator protrudes as a rigid element that presses the timing valve, opening it.
It is worth noting that this is a highly efficient device, an oil from a plunger pair is slightly extruded before the ball-shaped valve (8) of its ban inside. Thus, a small gap may be formed, which will be removed from the next pumping of oil through the channels (9 and 10) and the hydrocompensator will be rigid.
Thus, despite the engine temperature, thermal expansion, the maximum possible gap will always be installed. This mechanism does not need to regulate the entire service life, even despite the production, because it will always be effectively "pressed" to the distribution shaft.
Pros and Cons Hydraulic compensator
There are many positive sides of such a mechanism:
- It is not fully maintained, it works automatically
- Increased resource of the timing system
- Maximum clamp, which gives good craving
- Minimum fuel consumption
- The engine is always quiet
Well, despite the whole advanced design, there is a sufficiently large number of minuses.
- Since all work is based on oil pressure, you need to pour only high-quality lubricants. Synthetic is desirable
- Need to change the oil more often
- Design more complex
- Expensive repair
- Over time, it can be clogged, which worsens the operation of the engine (consumption and thrust), as well as the timing starts to make noise
The biggest minuses, this is what the design is expensive and complex, and very demanding about the quality of the oil. If you pour "do not understand that" will quickly fail and require substitutions. For example, ordinary mechanical pushers, much easier and less demanding of lubricant quality.
WHY CHURCOME HYDROCOMPENSATORS
To begin with, I would like to note if compensators are knocking, it says not to the right work, most likely they failed, or something wrong with the engine lubricant.
Actually the main reason lies in the quality and level of oil, although there is a bunch of mechanical faults.
- Not enough oil. This also happens, it does not effectively pumped into the channels and therefore does not pump inside the plunger pair, that is, it does not create the desired pressure inside
- Channels are clogged in the head head or the hydrocomator itself. It happens because undime replacement Oils, it burns and on the walls are formed on the walls that clog the channels, the oil cannot effectively pass into the compensator.
- Plunger pair failed, often it is just clinical
- Plunger ball valve failed
- Nagar on the plunger housing outside. He physically does not give him to rise and compensate for the gaps
Of course it happens because there is a Nagar in the system, then you just need to remove them and rinse, performance can be restored. But for large runsThey are broken (development is manifested), require replacement.
Details of the gas distribution mechanism of the engine in the process of work are experiencing heavy loads and high temperature. From heating, they expand unevenly, as made from different alloys. To ensure the normal operation of the valves in the design, a special thermal gap between them and camshaft camshafts should be provided, which closes during the operation of the motor.
The gap should always remain under the limits envisaged, so the valves need periodic adjustment, that is, in the selection of pushers or washers of the desired size. Get rid of the need to adjust the thermal gap, and reduce the noise on impact engine The hydrocompensators are allowed, sometimes they are called simply "hydrics" or hydraulic drivers.
Device of hydrocompensator
Hydrocompensators automatically adjust the changing thermal gap. The "Hydro" prefix implies the effect of some kind of fluid in the work of the part. This liquid is the oil, which is supplied to pressure hydrocompensators. A complex and accurate springs system inside adjusts the gap.
Various types of hydrocompensators
The use of hydrocompensators involves the presence of the following advantages:
- lack of need to periodically adjust valves;
- proper;
- noise reduction during motor operation;
- an increase in the resource of the parts of the gas distribution mechanism.
The main components of the hydraulic components are:
Principle of operation
Details work can be described in several stages:
- The camshaft camshaft does not put pressure on the compensator and turn to it with the back side, while there is a small gap between them. Plunger spring inside the hydrocompensator pushes the sleeve plug. At this time, a cavity is formed under the plunger, which is filled with oil under pressure through the combined canal and the hole in the housing. Oil volume is recruited to the desired level and the ball valve closes under the action of the spring. The pusher rests on the cam, the plunger movement stops, and the oil canal overlaps. In this case, the clearance disappears.
- When the cam begins to rotate, it presses to the hydrocompensator, moving it down. By the volume of the oil volume, the plunger pair becomes rigid and passes the force on the valve. The valve under pressure opens and the fuel and air mixture enters the combustion chamber.
- During movement down, a little oil leaks out of the cavity under the plunger. After the cam will be the active phase of exposure, the work cycle is repeated again.
Work of the hydrocompensator The hydrocompensator also regulates the gap that occurs due to the natural wear of the MRM details. This is simple, but at the same time complex mechanism with an accurate fitting detail.
The correct operation of hydraulic compensators largely depends on the oil pressure in the system and on the degree of its viscosity. Too viscous and cold oil will not be able to necessary quantity Enroll through the channels into the body of the pusher. Weak pressure and leakage also reduce the efficiency of the mechanism.
Types of hydrocompensators
Depending on the arrangement of the timing and installation location, there are four main types of hydrocompensators:
- hydrotherapists;
- roller hydrotherapists;
- hydroopor;
- hydrooporas that are installed under the rocker or levers.
Types of hydrocompensators All sorts are somewhat different in design, but have the same principle of operation. The greatest spread of B. modern cars Received conventional hydrotroders with a flat support for camshaft camshaft. These mechanisms are installed directly on the valve terminal. The camshaft cam actor actively affects the hydrotherapist.
At the lower arrangement of the camshaft, hydrophopores for levers and rockers are installed. In this position, the cam pushes the mechanism is already below, and the valve force is transmitted through the lever or rocker.
Location options According to the same principle, roller hydrophoporas work. For a smaller effect of friction, rollers are used, which are in contact with cams. Roller hydroopors are used mainly on Japanese production engines.
Advantages and disadvantages
Hydraulic compensators allow you to avoid multiple technical problems When operating the engine. There is no need to adjust the heat gap, for example, using the washers. Also, the hydrotherapists reduce the noise level and shock loads. Smooth and correct work reduces the wear of the timelines.
There are also its drawbacks among the benefits. Engines in which hydrocompensators are used, have their own features of operation. The most clear of them is uneven operation of a cold engine at the time of launch. The characteristic knocks appear, which, when reaching the temperature and pressure, disappear. This is due to the fact that when the oil is launched insufficient. It does not go to compensators, so the knock appears.
Another disadvantage can be called the cost of details and maintenance. If you need a replacement, then it should be entrusted to the master. Also, the hydrocomathers are demanding demanding to the quality of the oil and the operation of the entire lubrication system. If you pour down low-quality oil, then this can directly affect their work.
Main faults, possible causes and replacement
The knocking knock speaks about faults in the gas distribution mechanism. If there are hydrocomathers, then the reason may be in them:
- Malfunction of the hydrotherapists themselves: failure of a plunger pair or plunger jamming, shaking ball valve, natural wear.
- Low oil pressure in the system.
- Clogging of oil canals in the cylinder head;
- Air enter.
Determine the faulty gap compensator to the usual car enthusiast is quite difficult. For this, for example, you can use a car stethoscope. It is enough to listen to each hydrocompanator to determine the faulty on a characteristic knock.
Also, the performance of hydrocompensators can be checked if it is possible to remove them from the engine. In the filled state, they should not shrink. Some species can be disassembled and determine the degree of wear of the internal parts.
Embossed oil leads to clogging of oil canals. It is possible to correct this by replacing the oil itself, the oil filter and washing the hydraulic components. Rinse can be done special fluids, acetone or high-octane gasoline. If it's in oil, then it should help eliminate knock.
When replacing hydraulic clearance compensators, some nuances must be observed:
- New hydrotherapists are already filled with oil composition. It is not necessary to remove this oil. The oil is mixed in the lubrication system, and the air does not enter the system.
- You can not put "empty" compensators (without oil) after washing or disassembly. So the air falls into the system.
- After installing new hydraulic components, it is recommended to check several times crankshaft. This is done so that the plunger pairs come to the working condition and increases the pressure.
- After replacing the hydrotherapists, it is recommended to change the oil and filter.
So that the hydrocomathers are delivered as few problems as possible during operation, you need to use high-quality engine oil, which is recommended in the car operation manual. It is also necessary to comply with the regulations for the replacement of oil and filter. Observing these rules, hydraulic compensators will last long.
The most common malfunction modern engines - knock of hydrocomathers. The reasons are many, in their most people they are associated with the quality of oil. What to do with this malfunction and how to deal with it will tell this material.
What is the hydrocompensator and how the hydrocompensator works
Hydrocompensator is a simple device for automatic adjustment of the gap in the valve drive, eliminating the need to disassemble the engine when it maintenance. The hydrocompensator, in the surrounding "hydrika" is a miniature hydraulic cylinder, changing its length when the engine oil is injected.
Oil volume compensates for the gap between the valve stem and the camshaft camshaft. The oil in the cavity of the hydraulic components is hung through the valve with a very small hole, and it turns out through the natural gaps of the valve pair. How well works "hydrik" depends on the oil flow and on the state of the plunger pair, the lack of wear or jamming.
How to understand that the hydrocompensator is knocking
The faulty hydrocompensator makes a sharp knock, shock, with a frequency of twice the speed of the engine.
The hydrocompensator is considered to be faulty, which knocks more pairs of minutes after starting the engine or knocks after full engine warming up. A knock is listening on top of the engine and can be silent from the car's interior.
Why the hydrocommovensector is knocking
The reasons for the cooke of the hydrocomponancetor "on the cold" (with an immentable motor):
- Too dense oil , on an immentable engine, poorly enters the cavity of the hydrocommovensector. It takes time so that the cavity is filled with oil
- Clogged with pollution oil highway or valve hydraulic components. Pollution appears with low quality or under protracted shifts of motor oil, and can also be the wear products of some engine parts.
- Wear or jamming the plunger of the hydraulic components. It happens from natural wear or from the ingress of abrasive contaminants in engine oil.
The reasons for the cooke of the hydrocomponancetor "on the hot" (on a heated motor):
- Enclosing a plunger pair of the hydraulic compartmentdue to natural wear or pollution. The plunger's jackets block its movement and the hydrocompensator completely loses its performance. The clearance is not selected and the hydrocompensator is knocking.
- Too low viscosity of the heated oilThe oil flows through the plunger gaps faster than the pump is supplied. Poor-quality oil or too liquid for this engine The oil is strongly diluted when heating and easily flows through the technological gaps.
3. Elevated level Oils in the engine, foaming oil due to mixing crankshaft Or because of the water from entering the engine. You should check the oil level in the engine, as well as use only high-quality engine oils.
The easiest way to eliminate the knock of the hydraulic components
The easiest and most effective way to help in most cases, additive to the oil of a special additive Liqui Moly. . The additive is washed with oil channels, removes pollution and restores oil supply to hydrocomathers. In addition, the additive slightly thickens the oil, thereby compensating for their natural wear. The additive is added to the heated engine oil, the total action occurs after about 500 km of run.
How else can you eliminate the knock of the hydrocompensators
- Replacing hydrocompensators Advantages: Guaranteed Result. Disadvantages: expensive and long). It must be borne in mind that on some foreign cars, you first need to order details, wait until they come, and make an appointment in the service. On most engines, the replacement of hydrocompensators will require additional costs of disposable parts, such as laying or sealant.
- Careful washing of oil system with special flushing, for example: Liqui Moly. Advantages: relatively inexpensive. Disadvantages: The result is not guaranteed.
3. Perhaps in running cases, it will be necessary replacing the oil pump or cleaning of oil highwaysengine with its partial or complete disassembly.
What will happen if you do not fix the knock of the hydraulic components
If you do not engage in the removal of the vocabulary knock, then you can drive for quite a long time without any problems, but, with time, the engine will work louder, with vibrations, power will fall and the fuel consumption will increase.and then happen wear of the entire valve mechanism, It is part of the engine camshaft. His replacement is a very expensive event.
Outcome
If the knock of the hydrocompensators repeatedly arises, it makes no sense to wait down the situation. Additive additive will solve the problem and prevents the development of wear for a long time.
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Dimensions of the parts of the operating engine internal combustion Due to heating increase. So that it does not lead to breakdowns, accelerated wear, deterioration of the characteristics of power units, between some details at the design stage creates thermal gaps. When the motor is heated due to the expansion of the parts, they are "selected" (absorbed). Nevertheless, with the wear of parts, their heating is not enough to absorb the gaps, which adversely affects the characteristics of the engine.
The thermal gap in the valve drive mechanism directly affects the performance of the power unit. Since due to wear details, the valve gaps are constantly changing, even at the beginning of the last century, the mechanism of their regulation was introduced into the engine using conventional wrench keys. This should be done regularly, which means that the complexity of maintenance increased and its cost increased. Hydrocompensators (GC) allow you to avoid these problems. They must completely absorb the gaps between the working surfaces of the camshaft and rocker rockers, valves, rods - regardless of the temperature regime and the degree of wear of the parts.
Hydrocomathers can be installed on all types of gas distribution mechanisms (timing) - with ribs, levers, rods - and at any location of the camshaft (upper or lower, Fig. 1).
Depending on the GDM design, there are four basic types of hydrocompensators (see photo below): Hydraulic drivers; hydroopor; Hydrooporas intended for installation in levers or rockers; Roller hydrotherapists.
Design of hydrocomathers
The device and the principle of operation of the hydrocompenser will consider on the example of the hydrotroter installed in the head of the cylinder block. The remaining types of hydrocompensators, although they differ in design, but they work on the same principle. The hydrotrode is a housing inside which a movable plunger pair is installed with a ball valve. The housing is moving relative to the guide saddle made in the head of the cylinder block. If the GK is mounted in the valve drive levers (in rockers or rocker), its rolling part is only the plunger, the protruding part of which is made in the form of a ball support or support shoe.
The main part of the GK is plunger steam. The gap between the sleeve and the plunger is only 5-8 microns, which provides high tightness of the compound, while the mobility of parts is saved. At the bottom of the plunger, a hole is made for oil receipt, which is closed by spring-loaded reverse ball valve. Between the sleeve and plunger installed a fairly rigid return spring.
Principle of action of hydrocompensators
When the camshaft cam is located on the back side to the pusher housing (Fig. 2a), there is no external compressive load and there is a gap (H) between the housing and cam tube. The return spring pushes the plunger until this clearance is "selected" - reduced almost to zero. At the same time, the oil from the engine lubrication system through the ball valve and the bypass canal enters the inner cavity of the plunger and fills it.
As the shaft turns, the cam begins to put pressure on the housing of the pusher and moves it down, overlapping the oil channels - the engine lubrication systems and the bypass channel (Fig. 2b). The ball valve is closed at the same time, and the oil pressure under the plunger increases. Since the liquid is incompressible, the plunger pair begins to work as a rigid support, transmitting a fist force to the engine valve rod.
Although the clearance in the plunger pair is very small, some oil is still pushing through the technological gap between the plunger and the sleeve, so the pusher is lowered ("Sailing") by 10-50 microns. The magnitude of the "drawdown" depends on the revolutions of the rotation of the engine crankshaft. If they increase, due to a decrease in the time of pressing the body of the hydrotherapler, oil leaks are reduced from under the plunger.
The formation of the gap when the cam from the pusher is excluded due to the action of the plunger's return spring and the oil pressure in the engine lubrication system. Thus, the hydrocompensator ensures the absence of gaps - due to a constant rigid connection between the timing elements. Due to the engine heating, the length of the details of the hydrocompanator itself changes somewhat, but it automatically compensates for these changes.
Pluses and "Cons" using hydrocomathers in engines
The introduction of the CC made it possible to avoid adjusting the gaps of the valve mechanism and make its work more "soft"; reduce shock loads, that is, reduce wear of the MRM parts and eliminate the increased noise of the engine; More accurately observe the duration of the phases of gas distribution, which positively affects the safety of the engine, its power and fuel consumption.
With all its advantages, the hydrocompensators have disadvantages, and the engines equipped with them are some features of operation. One of the structural disadvantages of simple hydrocompensators is manifested in the poor quality of the cold engine in the first seconds of the start when the oil pressure in the lubrication system is missing or it is minimal. About the features of operation, repair and maintenance of engines with GK, read the following rooms "AC".
No consequences |
Intake and exhaust valves are heated to different temperatures, so the magnitudes of the thermal gaps are different for them: for intake valves - 0.15: 0.25 mm, and for graduation - 0.20: 0.35 mm and even more. If these values \u200b\u200bare not observed, the consequences can be the most different:
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Reverse side ... Supports
The main reasons for the failure of the hydrocompensator (GK) is pollution of the oil channels of the engine and wear of the operating surfaces of the check valve and the plunger pair made with a high degree of accuracy. Contamination provides the use of inappropriate oil, non-compliance with the timing of its replacement or a malfunction of an oily filter passing dirty oil through the bypass valve.
With an increase in the planting gap in a plunger pair, oil leakage rises from the chamber high pressure. The hydrocompanator loses the "rigidity", therefore the transmission efficiency of the fist for the timing rod is reduced. The same thing happens when the high pressure chamber check valve is wear. Engine lubrication system malfunctions slow down the filling of the GC with oil and do not allow absorbing gaps into the timing.
The internal volume of the CC should be filled with oil. Empty or partially filled ("delivered") the hydrocompensator does not fulfill its main purpose - eliminate the gaps in the MRM items. As a result, shock loads occur, which are manifested by a characteristic knock. This leads to an accelerated wear of timelines and deterioration of the engine. The breakdowns contribute to the hop with oil particles of worn items: the node can jam. Depending on which position it happened, large gaps will appear in the TRM, or the valves will be "clamping" (the load on the camshaft increases, power drops, etc.).
To avoid this, you need:
- control and maintain the internal purity of the engine - to change the oil and oil filter in the time limits recommended by the automaker, with a decrease in the coefficient of 0.6 - 0.9, which takes into account the operating conditions of the machine;
- wash the engine in front of the next change of oil using slowly active flushing "on the mileage". When contamination of the internal surfaces of the engine (which is found, for example, when removing the Mercus casing), the speeding means of washing is not recommended to be applied, since the detached pieces of mud with a flow of oil can get into the internal cavities of compensators and incorporate them.
It is necessary to know that small gaps between the moving elements of the hydrocompensator are caused by the use of high-quality low-quality oils in the engine of low-grade - synthetic or semi-synthetic (SAE 0W40, 5W40, 10W30, etc.). Use mineral oils (For example, SAE 15W40) due to their increased viscosity and inclinations to resinous sediments are not recommended.
Diagnosis and replacement of hydrocomathers
At the failure of one or several HC, a knock appears, similar to the valve. This sound propagates well in the metal, therefore, to determine the defective hydrocompensator, the phononendoscope is used. An analogue of this device can be made independently from a steel rod with a length of about 700 mm and a diameter of 5-6 mm. On one end of the rod fastens a tin can from under beer with a cropped riding, and on its middle - a wooden handle. Having attached ear to the bank and alternately admits the free end of the "Phontendoscope" to the head of the block in the zone of each compensator, the hearing is determined by the impaired stack. "Suspicious" GK should be dismantled and check.
You can remove the GC from the saddle using a magnet. If this fails (GK "Cuckitted" or jammed), it is removed by the puller, pre-welding to it with a hook. Some hydrocompensators are disassembered, which makes it possible to determine the degree of wear of the internal parts. Disassembly should be made with special accuracy so as not to damage the surfaces of the conjugate elements.
Hydroporas are sacrificed after removing the locking ring; The internal parts of the hydrotherapyer "shaken", gently tapping it with its housing about the metal surface. The contaminated compensator is washed in acetone or in another solvent.
The visual inspection allows you to detect the external damage to the end surface of the hydrocompensator exposed to the loads (potholes, scratches or bully). During operation, it may even deepen.
There is another simple and effective way to control the state of dismantled GK: after filling in the oil, it should not shrink when applied to the force of hands. Otherwise, it is faulty and is subject to replacement. The workable GK, compressed in a clamp, has a significant resistance and slightly reduces the length only after 20-30 seconds.
Secrets of the installation of hydrocompensators
For the normal operation of the TRG with hydrocompensators (after their replacement), specific rules should be followed:
- the new GK at the factory is filled with canning oil composition, which is not needed when installing. After starting the motor, this composition is mixed without any consequences with an oil from the engine lubrication system;
- it should not be installed in the timing of empty hydrocompensators, the "enforcement" of which was formed due to disassembly and washing. First, they need to fill with oil. Failure to comply with this rule can lead to the emergence of significant shock loads, especially when the engine is first started (while the lubrication system is "pumped");
- after installing the GK on the engine, it is recommended to be 5-7 times the crankshaft for the ratchet is key and before the first launch of the motor wait 10-15 minutes. This is necessary so that under the pressure of camshaft camshafts, plunger pairs of loaded compensators occupied the working position;
- when repairing and replacing the GK, rinse the oil system, replace the oil filter, pour fresh oil into the engine. Rotating the crankshaft, you can visually check the flow of oil through the oil channels to the installation saddles (with the extracted hydrocompensators);
- during the repair of the engine of the car with a mileage of over 150-200 thousand km of valve gaps, it is desirable to replace (with such a run, as a rule, they fail). The use of poor-quality oils and non-compliance with the timing of their replacement can halve the service life of the CC;
- if there are one or more faulty hydraulic components, it is desirable to change the entire set, otherwise you will soon have to re-open the timing to repair.
Pumping hydrocompensators
Under certain conditions of operation of the vehicle (long interruptions in the work, deposit of plunger pairs of HC), partial flowing of oil from hydrocompensators (convulsion) can occur. This is manifested by knocks in the drive of the GRM heated engine.
It is possible to remove air from compensators as follows: First, you should give the engine to work 2-3 minutes. With constant revisions (2-2.5 thousand rpm), then with variables (2-3 thousand rpm), and then 30-50 seconds at idle. Noises in the timing should disappear, but if they are saved, the whole cycle is repeated, sometimes - several times. If this does not help, you should look for faulty GK and the reason for their failure.
Rates
Replacing compensators - the pleasure is not cheap. The cost of one new GK, depending on its type - 27-109 UAH. Work on the replacement of a set of hydraulic components by one hundred will cost the owner in another 150-170 UAH. If the valves "tested" (due to the wear of the plunger pair), you can push the repair at the time, replacing the oil in the engine more viscous. Allowed to replace synthetic oil semi-synthetic, and in supported foreign cars - even mineral. Although in the latter case, as we previously mentioned, the appearance of other negative phenomena is possible.
The knock of the hydrocompensator is probable causes and their solution.
There are two reasons for the stuffing of the hydrocomponential - in its inner cavity there is no oil (or comes, but not enough), workers surfaces are worn out, which is why the oil from the filled compensator is extruded out. The oil may not flow into the hydrocompensator due to the ingress of metal chips (residues of production) in a very thin channel or due to its location when using poor-quality lubrication. Problems due to chips usually occur at the runningout stage or after it. If the knock in the valve drive began to appear after 20 thousand km, which most likely, thin oil canals were stuck.
In the latter case, the problem can decide the engine washing using the appropriate supplement to the oil. If after the mileage specified in the washing instructions, the knock on a heated and on the cold engine did not disappear, you will have to disassemble the hydrocommoventrator and rinse it (if it is collapsible), or replace the new one. The channel in the head of the block can be cleaned with the tuning brush. In the ZMZ-406 engines, which were installed on the modifications of "Gazelles", are found both collapsible and non-separable hydrocompensators.
If the knock disappeared after washing the engine, it is advisable to change the oil. And do not save, and pour into the engine good oil - The type and variety that is specified in the machine operating manual.
Vladimir Kornitsky
Photo by Yuri Nesterov
Video inspection of hydraulic components:
