Types of battery on the car. What are the types of batteries? Is it useful in the cold time before starting the engine "Improved" the battery with the inclusion of headlights

Electric battery - Special device accumulating electricity and providing autonomous equipment. When operating it, the transition of one type of energy in another, as well as the reversibility of the process described.

In most cases, an electrochemical method is used. Among the names of the electric battery is a secondary chemical current source, as it requires its charging.

Types of batteries

By type, the batteries are divided depending on their himsostav, which affects their operational properties.

• nickel Cadmium (NI-CD) - the oldest type of battery packs, is distinguished by the need to comply with the cycle " full of discharge"-" Full charge "(have the effect of memory) and are sensitive to cold (poorly give energy in the cold), but can be stored as debated and differ in low self-discharge, are now used mainly in power tools
• nickel-metal-hydride (Ni-MH) - a very common type of simple and cheap compact batteries, the memory effect and cold sensitivity is somewhat lower than that of nickel-cadmium batteries, but they need to be stored charged and they have higher self-discharge, now they are now Used mainly in radiotelephones
• lithium-ionic (Li-Ion) - more modern type batteries, almost not subject to memory effect (reduction of capacity), which allows you to charge them at any time and optionally discharge to the end, the sensitivity to cold is, but not critical, you need to maintain a charge when stored, they are often used in cameras
• lithium-polymer (Li-POL) is a lightweight version of lithium-ion batteries, which has the same properties, but with a significantly less weight that has been applied in compact mobile devicesah and drones
• lead-acid (SLA) - large powerful batteries that can quickly give huge energy (current strength), which is used in engine starting installations (starters) and uninterruptible power sources, require periodic recharging during storage

Also, the batteries are distinguished by voltage in volts (B), a capacity in amps-hours (ACH) or milliamper-hours (mach) and physical size (sizes).

Classification of batteries

All batteries can be divided into several main groups to be divided into several main groups:

• household (rechargeable batteries)
• for radiotelephones
• for lanterns
• automotive
• for UPS
• industrial

Now consider them a little more detailed, including sizes and best manufacturers.

To ensure the normal functioning of the technique, batteries of different sizes are used. The main scope of their use is the power of small domestic devices.

Battery batteries are used for various devices - radio mice, keyboards, cameras, simple lanterns, hours, other fine electronics.

They have different sizes:

• AA (finger) is the most common format of round batteries 5 cm long, voltage 1.2 V and a capacity of 1000-3000 mAh
• AAA (mini-finger) is also widespread, have a length of 4.4 cm, the same voltage is 1.2 V, but less capacity 500-1500 mAh
• crown - a rare rectangular battery with a voltage of 9 V, is used in some electrical appliances (for example, multimeters)

There are other, more rare battery formats:

• CS (Sub C) - Short Round Battery
• C (R14) - Medium Round Battery
• D (R20) - Big Round Battery

They are not much distributed and used in some specific devices and old cameras.

You can attribute Panasonic, Varta, Ansmann, Sanyo to the best popular rehateable battery manufacturers. There are also many other famous brands, but they are more likely to fake.

This can be a monolithic battery or separate items. Such devices differ in a small size and insignificant weight. Batteries for radiotelephones are often convenient ready-made assemblies of ordinary Ni-MH batteries.

Also, some phones use non-standard branded batteries. From manufacturers you can recommend Panasonic and Robiton.

The batteries for the flashlight are presented on the market in a wide range and the selection depends on the specific model.

The greatest popularity is:

• AA (14500) - batteries for large lanterns (length 5 cm, diameter 1.4 cm)
• AAA - ordinary Ni-Mh elements with nominal voltage 1.2 V and capacity of 500-1100 mAh
• CR123A 16340.- Created for compact lanterns (length 3.4 cm)

There are also special batteries for powerful flashlights and electric strokes.

They have their own unique sizes that need to be selected depending on the lantern model:

• 10440
• 18650
• 26650

These batteries are characterized by physical dimensions and capacity. They are mainly lithium-polymeric, which makes them very light. From manufacturers, Panasonic, Robiton, Fenix \u200b\u200bhave proven well from manufacturers.

We will not tell about car batteries, we will not talk, we only touch the differences from all others you need to know.

These are large serviced acid-lead batteries with liquid electrolyte. They are able to quickly give a huge current, but it is necessary to monitor their charge and the level of electrolyte (to top up if necessary). Store the lead battery is impossible, since somewhere in half a year he fails.

Batteries for computer UPS are designed to provide unfinished equipment in the case of temporary turning off the electricity. They are also lead-acid, but unlike automotive maintenance-free, and the electrolyte in them is thickened in the form of a gel, which prevents leakage.

Otherwise, these batteries are similar to the car, they can quickly give a high current and require periodic recharging. In different UPSs, batteries with different voltage (12 or 24 V), of different tanks (7, 9, 12 Ah) and different physical size are used. There are also models in which several batteries connected together are installed.

Choose the battery of the same voltage and size as in your UPS, the container can be slightly larger (for example, 9 Ah instead of 7 Ah) - it will extend the work of the PC from the UPS. From manufacturers, you can recommend SCB, YUASA and DELTA.

Batteries in the UPS for a gas boiler and other responsible equipment are characterized by a greater capacity compared to models used when operating computer equipment. After all, they are designed to maintain the functioning of the heating devices over the day and more.

Such batteries are often external and connected to the UPS using special terminals, and the UPS themselves should produce a voltage in the form of pure sinusoids, which is important for the electric pumps used in heating systems and other sensitive to the form of voltage techniques.

Industrial batteries

Usually huge large capacity batteries. There may be different voltages, including high-voltage. We will not talk about anything else about them, as this is not the subject of our site.

Conclusion

In order for the battery well to hold the charge and served long enough, it should be from a reliable proven manufacturer and itself original, and not cheap fake. It is also important in what conditions and how long the batteries are stored.

Therefore, it is best to acquire batteries in specialized stores that pay special attention to their quality. High-quality batteries for various purposes from the best manufacturers can be purchased at https://voltacom.ru/catalog/power/akkum.

Xiaomi Mi Power Bank 2C 20000mAh Charger
Charger Xiaomi Mi Power Bank 2 10000mAh
Charger Xiaomi Mi Power Bank 5000mAh

Modern car market offers consumers a plurality of acb, differing among themselves by type, functional features and manufacturers. is one of the main sources of voltage necessary for normal launch of DVS and the nutrition of all consumers with a disabled motor. In this article we will tell you what batteries are for the car than they differ from each other and how to choose the battery.

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ACB device and functions

What is a battery and what are the battery? The battery for the car is a device used to ensure the power supply of all electrical appliances when the engine is turned off, as well as to start it. Today many modern cars equipped with all sorts of devices, gadgets and devices. When video recorder, stove, GPS navigator, optics and other equipment are used at the same time, the generator node may not cope with such a large load. Therefore, an additional power source is AKB.

The battery on the car has a pretty simple device.

All battery kit is included:

• hermetic case;
• covers with bay necks;
• positive and negative conclusions;
• separator device;
• positive and negative plates;
• interelectual compound;
• working fluid - electrolyte.

Types of automotive batteries

We now turn to the issue of varieties - what are the types of batteries:

1. Served. This species today has lost its popularity, since manufacturers began to provide consumers better-quality devices. The serves have many shortcomings, the most significant of them is a transition of a positive charge into a negative, which leads to an accelerated device discharge.
   In addition, the serviced batteries are less resistant to vibrations, so when regular operation cars for harsh russian roads Vibrations can cause electrolyte leakage. Accordingly, it will also lead to the discharge of the device. But such batteries also have advantages - they can be charged without any problems, and if the device starts fails, it can be restored.
2. Unqualified devices Do not have the minuses described above - this type includes helium batteries. In the course of operation, it does not need to add an eletterolite, since the body of such devices eliminates the likelihood of leakage of the working fluid. Accordingly, if necessary, such ankb can be installed in any position. Also, non-serviced devices include AGM type batteries - in this case, thick electrolyte is used, which is achieved through the use of fiberglass in the design.

Tester

In addition to the division into types, there are types of batteries that differ from each other by constructive features:

1. Malosurian. Such types rechargeable batteries Equipped with lead plates. In practice, they are fairly quickly discharged due to the bulging of the electrolyte.
2. Antimunny. Such types today are practically not used.
3. Hybrid devices. Hybrid batteries include lead, as well as lead calcium plates in their design. Currently, this species is considered one of the most popular among consumers. The hybrid rechargeable battery will be discharged longer, so the probability of a complete deep discharge will be too small.
4. Another type is calcium batteries, they are also popular among our compatriots. Calcium battery includes positive and negative plates in its design. If you compare with minor across the battery, then in calcium acid batteries, the probability of a deep discharge will be 70% lower. But if the battery still discharge completely, it will restore it problematic.
5. Gel and AGM. Devices that are produced by such technologies have an electrolyte in the associated form, due to which its fluidity is reduced.
6. Alkaline batteries. In this case, alkali protrudes, and not acid.
7. Lithium-ion devices. To date, this subspecies is considered one of the most promising as an additional voltage source. Such a battery uses lithium ions as a current media. It should also be noted that the material from which the electrodes are manufactured can be the most different, since the technology is regularly improved, and manufacturers are looking for better solutions.

Photo Gallery "Battery Operation"

Marking AKB

Now consider the question of marking. By buying ordinary or traction batteries, you need to get acquainted with the marking, because it will allow the basic data on the device. All batteries are marked with production.

Briefly on how to determine the characteristics of the labeling device:

1. The first symbol in marking is a digit, it determines the number of cells in the design of the battery, they can be 3 or 6. In the same way, the battery voltage can be determined - it can be six or twelve volts, two volts per can be determined.
2. Further, there are symbols of st, which indicate that acid and other types of batteries are starter.
3. After that, the marking is a digit, which determines the container of the structure calculated in the amp-hours.

Depending on the device, the marking may include other characters:

• And - suggests that the battery is equipped with a common lid for all cans;
• H is an acidic or alkaline battery originally flooded with electrolyte;
• T - indicates that the device is made in the thermoplastic case;
• E - the ebonite body of the product;
• P - polyethylene;
• M is a polyvinyl chloride case (author of the video about the restoration of the old battery - the channel transistor815).

Criterias of choice

To choose the usual or portable car battery, It is necessary to be guided by several criteria:

1. First, decide how much money you are ready to give. The issue of value is individual for each consumer. All batteries can be conditionally divided by an several classes at a price - economy options, medium price categoryas well as premium devices. The difference between them is for which technology battery was produced. As practice shows, the most optimal and advantageous for the consumer in terms of value ratio and quality is the Akb of the average price category.
   It should be borne in mind that the more expensive the device is, the higher the quality will be. The most expensive options are different from cheap in that there are more enlarged operation resource, a large guarantee, as well as a start-current parameter. It should be noted that the difference in terms of the service resource can be several years, the warranty may be more than one year, and the current level is higher at 30-120 amps.
2. Capacity is one of the main parameters of any battery, therefore, deciding with the price, it is necessary to be guided by the container. Moreover, the capacity level may differ depending on the model. vehicle. Capacity is the value of the amount of energy that the battery can accumulate when charging and preserved, it is calculated in amps clock. The maximum container parameter is always noted on the device case. For example, if 4T-70, the level of capacity will be no more than 70 amps of the clock.
3. Another criterion that should be considered when buying a product is the time at which a fully charged battery will be able to give a current with force 25 A at a temperature of 27 degrees of heat. For example, if the capacity of the product is about 55-60 amps of the clock, the value of the energy return time will be approximately 100 minutes. Contrary to the erroneous opinion of many motorists, acquire a product in which the amount of energy will be higher than is required by your vehicle, it makes no sense. You just throw away money to the wind.
4. Also, when purchasing a product, you should consider the size of the terminals, as well as the type of connection of them. In practice, the size of the terminals of modern cars has standard dimensions. But there are exceptions to the rules - and domestic roads can be found cars in which the batteries have many differences. In particular, we are talking about some Japanese vehicles, in this case the battery may have a non-standard, higher and narrower size.
   Also before buying, the polarity of the terminals should be studied, that is, their location. If you buy a device in which the negative output will be located on the other hand, that is, not where you need, then you simply cannot install it. All because the cable itself will be too short and can simply not be enough. Moreover, if you allow an error and still connect incorrectly plus and minus, that is, break the polarity, but it can lead to the failure of a new battery. In addition, it can also provoke and failure electrical equipmentlocated in the car.
5. By purchasing the product, you need to reverse the starting current. This parameter determines the probability of voltage intake on the starter node, which scrolls the crankshaft of the motor when it starts. As a rule, the starting current indicator is associated with the class of the purchased product, but despite this, this value must be checked anyway. This parameter plays a particularly important role in the event that the car will be operated in the northern regions, where low temperatures prevail. Also this value is quite important if force aggregate vehicle is already worn or used in it motor fluid Higher viscosity.
   It must be remembered that all standard batteries are intended for use at an average temperature of 27 degrees. In this case, the product will be able to work as efficiently as possible by posting 100%. But if the temperature on the street is negative and will be about -15 degrees, the starting current parameter will be reduced by as much as 60%. Accordingly, those 40 percent, which remained may not be enough to start the engine. So if the battery is used at low negative temperatures, the level of the container must be greater than at least twice (the author of the video is the channel Nizhny Novgorod battery).

Question price

Now we smoothly approached the issue of product costs. As you could have guess, the cost of the battery is determined by the set of factors, starting from the type of product, and ending it technical characteristics and manufacturer. The cheapest option that can be found is Varta AGM, its cost is about two thousand rubles. But it must be borne in mind that with such indicators that this product possesses, the normal operation of the vehicle will be impossible. The device will be discharged very quickly, especially if you use energy consumers when the engine is disconnected.

Among our compatriots who choose batteries on the principle of the most optimal ratio of quality and price, are popular with Varta Silver Dynamic D21, Moll MG 75R, Delkor 75R. The cost of such devices on average is about seven thousand rubles. But if your budget is not limited to purchase, you can find more expensive batteries, the cost of which will be above 20 thousand rubles.

Video "What you need to know about dried batteries?"

Detailed information about what is a dried accumulated battery and what you need to know about its operation is presented on the video below (the author of the roller is the battery channel).

The battery is a device in which energy is accumulated and stored. Most of these devices work due to conversion electrical Energy in chemical and vice versa. This process allows you to charge and discharge the device. In this case, the equipment can be used as a charger, power supply controlling or compensating installation.

Batteries are necessary for the operation of a variety of devices ranging from simple televisions for the TV and ending with nuclear energy and space industry. All these devices are divided, depending on different technological characteristics and features of use. The battery operation is characterized by a container, voltage, internal resistance, self-discharge current and service life.

What are the batteries? All existing devices can be divided into several types:

• electrochemical;
• magnetic;
• mechanical;
• thermal;
• light.

Electrochemical batteries

This type of equipment is divided into several large groups:

• electrical;
• gas;
• reversible fuel cells;
• alkaline;
• capacitors.

Electrical devices belong to the most common type of batteries. The paper uses lead, nickel, iron, zinc, silver and other types of plates made from alloys. Acids, magnesium solutions, salts and other elements are used as an electrolyte.

The device of such devices is easiest to explain on the example of lead-acid batteries. The equipment uses a reversible fluid interaction reaction (in this case acid) and metal - lead. Thanks to the reversibility of chemical processes, the possibility of reusable use of the battery through a discharge-charge appears. When the current is passed in the direction, the discharge process, the battery is charging if you connect the equipment to the other side, discharged.

Chemical reaction is followed by the following scheme:

• anode: PB + SO42_2E-⇄PBSO4;
• cathode: PB2 + SO42- + 4H ++ 2E-⇄PBSO4 + 2H2O.

How does this happen in reality? If you connect a light bulb to the plates, the electron movement will begin in the battery, that is, an electric current will occur, and a chemical reaction will go. Due to this, lead sulphate is formed on the plates. After connecting power sources, the reaction will go in the opposite direction. Acid will split, fall-down. Next, when the light is turned on, the process is back in the opposite direction.

Important! When charging the plates of the electrodes cannot be completely completely. Part of the raid will still remain on the surface. This leads to the fact that the capacity of the equipment is gradually decreasing.

All types of batteries and electrochemical batteries can be divided into three large groups:

1. Repair acceptable - differ from other batteries by what can be disassembled. On the other hand, these devices require constant checks of the electrolyte level. In addition, the models are more susceptible to depressurization, which, in turn, can lead to an increase in the concentration of acid vapor;
2. Unnwined - repair something in the design of this equipment or pour the electrolyte is impossible. If any problems occur with the work of the battery, the battery is subject to a complete replacement;
3. A low service - in the equipment is provided with access to the level of electrolyte and possibly adding it when the battery is dried.

There are certain varieties of lead-acid batteries:

• LEAD-ACID
• Valve Regulated LEAD-ACID (VRLA),
• Absorbent Glass Mat Valve Regulated LEAD-ACID (AGM VRLA)
• GEL VALVE REGULATED LEAD-ACID (GEL VRLA),
• OPZV.

In lithium-ion batteries, electrodes made of aluminum (cathode) and copper (anode) foils are used, which are impregnated with lithium electrolytes. Additionally, lithium-freecoxide and graphite are used. The charge is Lithium ion, which is charged positively and intercalated in the process. chemical reaction in crystal lattices. When working the battery, the ions overcome the separator barrier along the path to the electrode. For high-quality work, the separator separator is additionally used (usually paper). This element is necessary to prevent the movement of ions in an arbitrary order.

In modern lithium-ion batteries, the cathode and anodes are introduced additional elements. Therefore, in the abbreviation of titles, substances are mentioned in the chemical decomposition reaction:

• Licoo2 - lithium-cobalt batteries are distinguished by high specific energy, but have a small thermal resistance;
• Limn2O4, LMO - Lithium-manganese models are necessary for powerful power tools and vehicles. When working lithium-manganese batteries, the charge current increases significantly by the formation of three-dimensional spinel structures that improves the flow of ions. But the potential of these batteries is lower than that of lithium cobalt;
• LinimnCoalo2 or NCA - use in one battery immediately nickel, manganese and cobalt as part of the cathode helps to increase the specific power or energy. Due to this, optimal characteristics are provided for different operating modes. In addition, reduced cobalt content reduces cost without loss in quality;
• LIFEPO4 - phosphate is used here for the cathode. Lithium-iron-phosphate batteries are distinguished by a long service life and improved safety;
• Li4Ti5O12 - lithium-titanate battery has an increased resource and the ability to operate at temperatures to -300s;
• Li-POL, Li-Polymer, Lipo, Lip, Li-Poly - Polymer is used in these batteries as an electrolyte. Therefore, the designs of polymer batteries can be any form.

The following type is gas batteries are based on the use of electrochemical potential of gases. During the operation of the device on the electrodes, gas is distinguished, which is absorbed by the adsorbent. Most often for this use activated carbon. The design consists of a coal electrode, adsorbent and permeable membrane.

Reversible fuel cells are carbon nanotubes with catalysts that are immersed in the electrolyte. When charging, water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen, and during discharge there is a reverse reaction. Systems use high degree of cleaning hydrogen.

The figure shows three projections of the self-made gas battery model, where:

1. capacity;
2. electrolyte (in this case, it is distilled water with salt in proportion of 1 cup of water / 1 tablespoon of salt);
3. rods (suitable rod from batteries or pocket lamp);
4. bags;
5. activated coal inside bags.

One of the exits of the electrodes is marked to designate a positive charge. For charging, the power supply of 4.5 V is used, charging is carried out until the voltage is reached in 2.5 V.

The alkaline type of batteries (AKB) uses a zinc as an anode in a powdered state, a cathode - manganese dioxide, electrolyte - potassium hydroxide. The batteries of this species are a cylindrical building, in the middle of which is a brass rod. This rod removes the negative potential from the zinc powder impregnated with an alkaline electrolyte. All this paste is surrounded by a separator, also impregnated with electrolyte. Next is the active mass in the form of graphite or soot. The mass is mixed with manganese dioxide. Then there is a shell that protects the battery from a short circuit. A positive conclusion is a steel nickel-plated glass, and a negative is a steel circle. An important advantage of alkaline batteries is that the electrolyte is practically not spent.

The following type of electrical batteries are capacitors that have the ability to quickly discharge and charge. These elements have a constant or variable container. Capacitors are used to reduce interruptions in the voltage, isolating the variable or constant component, and, it means to obtain the necessary constant current values.

Mechanical batteries

This type of batteries can be divided into 3 large groups:

1. elastic, where the increase in potential energy occurs during elastic deformation;
2. inertial - work on kinetic energy;
3. gravitational - function due to the potential energy of the relative position.

The first group includes hydro, and pneumatic batteries, as well as rubbing, spring batteries and pressure batteries.

Inertial are flywheels and gyros.

Gravitational are large systems, for example, a hydroaccumulatory power plant.

Heat batteries

Despite the fact that these batteries received the name of thermal, main devices here are cooling elements for household and portable refrigerators, as well as the instruments used in the cold chain for the carriage of medical preparations, biological tissues.

The principle of operation is that the basic substance (usually take carboxymethylcellulose for this) is cooled to the desired temperature. Then the battery gradually gives the accumulated cold environment and subjects.

Light batteries

So-called solar batteries that have already become familiar, in which solar energy is converted into a constant electric current. The form and principle of building instruments depends on the required power of the equipment. Solar panels are necessary for portable electronics and creating systems of power supply of buildings.

Magnetic batteries

These devices are also called spin batteries, as a tunnel magnetic compound (TMS) is used in operation. The design consists of alternating magnetic and non-magnetic films in which Nanomagnets MNAS are built. Due to this alternation, TMS arises, which leads to the appearance electrical power. Thus, the quantum tunneling of electrons occurs, and magnetic energy goes into electrical directly. This type of equipment is just beginning to be embedded in production, therefore most spin batteries are separate laboratory samples or are released in small batches.

The needs for more powerful and specialized storage devices and energy accumulation are constantly growing. Therefore, modern production constantly offers new types of batteries and batteries.

Video

One of the most important components of electrical equipment and technology of any type is the battery, or, simply speaking, the battery. There are various types of batteries, and in this article we will talk about all types of such devices.

The very first battery was created over one and a half years ago in France by scientist Gastron Plante. With each subsequent attempts to improve the device, it was becoming better, but the principle of their functioning and the structure remained unchanged. Now there are a wide variety of types of batteries: Li-ion, Ni-MH, Ni-CD and many others. They are about the same, but everyone has their own features. It is worth telling about all these varieties in order.

Devices with reduced antimony content

Perhaps you should start a description from one of the most frequently used types of batteries. The battery with a content of less than 5% of the antimony was eliminated by the need for frequent addition of distilled water. Although it does not make batteries of this type maintenance-free due to the existing fluid flow.

Also, they have an extremely small degree of self-discharge of the battery and the portability of the electrical characteristics of the automotive onboard network, in contrast to their newest counterparts.

Antimunct batteries

This type of batteries is recognized as obsolete. He came to the replacement for more modern and improved types of acB with reduced antimony content. However, so far the batteries of this species are in their intended purpose in stationary current sources with unpretentious batteries.

Calcium alternatives

Calcium acb is good in that they reduce the intensity of electrolysis and reduce the level of electrolyte. In addition, calcium, replacing antimony, increased the voltage needed to start the electrolization, which reduced the criticalness of the effects of reloading.

But do not forget that, like all existing types Rechargeable batteries, calcium acb possess their weak parties. The main minus is an increased sensitivity to a powerful category leads to a sharp drop in capacity.

Alkaline Akb

They call such devices in which the electrolyte performs alkali, and not acid. Devices of this type occurring cars Not often, however, they can act as batteries, for example, for screwdrivers.

One of these devices is the Ni-CD battery - in fact it was recognized as obsolete, nevertheless he can still stand on a par with their newaries competitors at the expense of cheapness. However, the so-called "memory effect" and an increased self-discharge make the use of Ni-CD devices very problematic.

Its nickel-metal-hydride competitor, of course, higher in price, but at the same time it is significantly better in quality. Compared to NI-CD analogues, the "memory effect" is expressed to a lesser extent, although it is still present. Also enlarged capacity and the reduced self-discharge completely explain the high price.

Lithium-ion alternative

Perhaps, from all existing types of batteries for cars and not only the best Li-Ion can be called. It is much more expensive than its Ni-MH and Ni-CD analogs. This can be explained by the fact that batteries with lithium ions do not have those deficiencies that have previously discussed models. Although the adaptations of this type, as well as all existing devices, are still not deprived of their weak Parties, and really essential.

Among the main vulnerabilities can be allocated:

• excessive sensitivity to low temperatures, which reduces the current sent by the Li-Ion battery;
• reducing capacity every year;
• lithium-ion devices do not withstand total discharge and charging to the end - otherwise it ends with destruction and even an explosion of the instrument.

Models of this type are widely applicable as charger For mobile devices. If the technological progress comes to a sufficient level so that Li-Ion devices lose their vulnerabilities, they will be able to get on with acid batteries.

It is also worth noting that various lithium oxides were used in old models, which also contained Manganese or Cobalt. However, in newer models, these elements have ceased to be added, replacing them with alloys of lithium-phosphates due to their low-cost, reduced toxicity and simpler recycling opportunities.

Lithium polymer batteries

Lithium-ion polymer battery, also known as Li-Pol, Lipo, Li-Polymer, is an improved version of the standard lithium battery and finds use in many types of equipment. The electrolyte serves the polymer material here.

Such types lithium batteries It is good because they have a significant energy density per unit volume and mass, reduced self-discharge, are thin with thin elements (from only 1 mm), the possibility of flexibility, an extremely non-essential voltage drop in the process of discharge, a wide range of temperatures in which the device will continue its full work. And, moreover, Lipo has no memory effect.

Although it is not worth blinding that the batteries of such a plan can actually be called completely ideal. Even Li-Pol has its flaws. One of the most significant is the danger of fire in the case of recharging and excessive heat consumption. The disadvantage is also a relatively small number of working cycles - 800-900, as well as the aging of batteries, even if they lie aside without necessary.

Finally, even the charging itself very adversely affects the device: if the charging process reduces the capacity, then with a deep charge, the instrument can be safely sent to scrap metal.

AGM and GEL-Battery

How they are often called, performed as alternative optionSafe to use. The security problem was solved by moving the electrolyte into the associated state to ensure a decrease in the yield.

Other advantages of GEL battery steel:

• reduced shower of the active mass of the plates;
• reduced self-discharge;
• portability to vibration.

They can also be tilted by almost any convenient angle, they can be stored for quite a long time due to a slow self-discharge, and the recyclable is not "death" and does not cause any damage to the technique in the process.

But recharge the device of this type, on the contrary, it can be extremely negatively affected by it. Therefore, the GEL batteries still require a very neat and careful circulation.

For instance:

• despite the fact that they can be put out almost anything, they can not be kept inverted;
• work under reduced temperatures can dramatically reduce the functionality of the instruments;
• special precautions require special sensitivity to charging devices.

With reliable storage of the device, it will be able to serve up to ten years.

Hybrids

The name speaks for itself: the hybrid are those batteries, the structure of which includes unequal plates, that is, made of various materials. It is worth considering that positively charged plates include antimony components (its content does not exceed 5%), while negatively charged plates have calcium components in the composition.

New, almost a revolutionary method of manufacturing batteries was able to lead to the following:

• First, if you compare accumulators with a reduced content of antimony, the flow rate of the liquid is obviously reduced.
• Secondly, the battery has become more stable and enduring to voltage drops, even in cases of intensive charge and total discharge.

Of course, this does not mean that these batteries can be considered completely perfect "without a single flaw". They do not have any special advantages over all the above devices. But at the same time, according to the quality of the characteristics, they can be put right in the middle of this series.

Nickel-metal-hydride

Nickel-metal hydrides, or Ni-Mh, as they are denoted in the abbreviated version, are such types of batteries, where a hydrogen metal hydride electrode is treated as a negative ion, potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte, nickel - as a positive ion.

There is a considerable number of different types of Ni-MH batteries. For example, there is a long-storage battery LSD Nimh, which are not terrous and a long shelf life. They function with elevated discharge currents without breaking and not coming into disrepair due to excessive loads.

Therefore, for example, Nickel-metal hydrides of the size of AA can be applicable in various types of fine technique. So, AA with a large capacity of 1500-3000 mA / h can be placed in a music player, radio-controlled toys, a camera and many other devices where charging for relatively short time will be charged.

Aa-batteries with a reduced capacity are very good - such aa, where the container is only 300-1000 mA / h. AA of this type is applicable as a supply of non-automatic flashlights, controlled by the remote control of toys, racies and electronic devices with balanced power consumption.

I became the first invented battery, we saw the light and the widespread use in cars and a number of other technical devices.

The device obtained its name due to the lead-oked in water and sulfuric acid, performing the role of electrodes, although, over time, hydrogen in the device starts to be lost.

Popularity such devices were not accidental, and due to obvious advantages:

• lack of memory effect;
• availability of non-maintained instances;
• low price;
• uncomplicated design;
• reliable technology;
• reduced by the surcharge;
• the potential of increased current turnout.

Although, despite the considerable number of advantages, even these models have their weaknesses:

• the impossibility of storing discharged;
• excessive sensitivity to temperature changes affecting the duration of functionality and life;
• the limitations of transport and allowed entire discharge cycles;
• and, of course, the most obvious flaw is a detrimental effect of lead on an ecological environment.

Nickel Iron Analogs

Cheap and low-service Ni-Fes, they are nickel-iron batteries, have nickel oxido hydroxides used as positive plates. The role of negative plates are hydroxide oxides of Ferrum. The liquid electrolyte is presented in the form of corrosive potassium.

It is worth recognizing that this type The batteries are very reliable due to endurance to total discharge, frequent recharge. Unlike the same lead acid alternative, such batteries will not fail, being in an underwritten state.

Today you can meet gel, alkaline, hybrid car batteries, but combines one one - they are all responsible for the launch of the motor, without which our iron Horse Simply not shifted from the spot.

ACB device and functions

This very important element Performs three main functions thanks to which the start is carried out, as well as further movement. And it doesn't matter what "stuffing" has a battery installed on a car without it the motor does not start. In addition, the function of the battery is powered by some electrical devices During the non-working engine. Also modern carsYou can say that the most different devices, such as radio, autorentors, navigators, alarms, and quite often the generator may not cope with the load. In such a situation, an indispensable battery comes to the rescue.

The automotive battery device is quite simple, therefore it breaks very rarely, the situation occurs most often when there is a discharge due to excessive load. In essence, it is a galvanic element in which reverse chemical processes occur. Thus, if it is discharged, it is necessary to skip the electrical current in the opposite direction through it. Electricity is then converted to the chemical, and all the necessary active substances spent before will restore. And then he can feed the auto devices again.

Types of automotive batteries - modern variety

Today there are served and maintenance-free types of automotive batteries. The first are quite rare because of their drawbacks. First of all, their positive charge passes gradually into negative, which contributes to fast discharge. In addition, the electrolyte occurs during our non-ideal roads, which also contributes to the failure of the battery. At the same time, they have one dignity, they are easy not only to discharge, but also.

The second type Akb device does not have the above minuses. Such models include gel structures that do not need additional plot, as this substance is rather dense in its consistency and never seeps. Thus, it can be installed in any convenient position, it will not affect performance. AGM batteries also exist, in which acid thickening is achieved by using fiberglass.

Such ankb is very susceptible to the negative impact of the failed electrical equipment, so it is important to monitor its condition.

In addition, the following types of automotive batteries can also be distinguished:

• malosurian, as part of which only lead plates, they are very quickly discharged due to the booming of water in electrolyte;
• hybrid, consisting of minor positive plates and negative lead-calcium plates, such batteries are most common in the automotive industry and discharge much slower than their predecessors;
• calcium type of battery, in this case, and positive, and negative are only calcium plates, their self-discharge by as much as 70% less than that of minor, however, and they will be incredibly difficult to charge them.

Marking of automotive batteries - read ciphers

To know that we purchase, at every factory, the manufacturer is mandatory, the labeling of automotive batteries is carried out, it gives all necessary information about battery Thus, the first digit always indicates the number of battery cells, there may be 3 or 6. Depending on this, the rated voltage of the battery is 6 or 12.. Further goes the letters of art, decrypt as starter. The next number indicates the container and is indicated in amps clock.

In addition, the labeling of the battery contains and additional information. "A" says about the presence of a common cover, the letter "s" means that the battery is filled, if it is not in the designation, then this is a dried accumulator. The following letters provide information on the material from which the housing is made: "E" - EBONIT, "T" - thermoplastic. If you see "M", the separator is made of polyvinyl chloride, and "P" indicates the presence of this part of polyethylene.

How to choose car batteries?

After studying the counters on what car passenger and cargo batteries are (for trucks And for passenger cars), it becomes clear that when buying should be guided by the parameters of the vehicle. You can find them in the instruction manual. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the capacity of the battery, which displays the ability of the battery to feed electronic devices With a faulty generator.

The most popular is the car battery 90 a / h, but this is not a versatile parameter, so look into the documentation of the machine before going to the store. To exclude a long process of selection, purchases and, take the old unit with you to the store. It is still necessary to take into account the fact that now on the market is full of different fakes, therefore, buying AKB, it is necessary to ensure that the country of manufacturer, plant and date of manufacture are indicated.

In addition, among the components there should be a technical passport, and no defects are allowed on the housing. You can often meet the problem when the battery dimensions are not suitable for the socket, which is given to her under the hood. Therefore, it is better to specify a consultant when buying technical specifications Auto to find the battery model according to the catalog. But it does not always work, for some reason, the critical becomes literally a pair of millimeters, and the battery is no longer put in place. The optimal output is to bring the old battery to the store, but it is not always simple, because this unit has a very tangible mass.