Proper car battery charging with charger

Any motorist sooner or later faces the problem of charging the battery. From this not leave and you need to learn to charge the battery, if you still do not know how. Otherwise, the situation will come when you have a car with a dead battery, and you will not even know from what a side to come to him. On the Internet you can find many questions regarding the charging process. Does the battery remove from the car or not? What do you need to charge? How to charge? Here we will try to answer our today's material.

To charge the car battery you will need a charger (memory). This device is also called the rectifier, since the memory is transformed into a permanent. If you still do not have a memory, then read about. And here we will only briefly tell about choosing a charger for your rechargeable battery.

When choosing a memory for a car battery, you must consider the following points:

• modes for different types of battery. The most common wet batteries with a liquid electrolyte. There is still AGM, GEL. In the case of the last two you need a special memory or universal with the mode for these batteries. All devices are suitable for WET;
• output voltage. This parameter must be selected depending on the rated voltage of your battery. Some device models allow you to charge batteries with different voltages (6/12 / 24V). For distributed car batteries 12V The output voltage should be at least 16 volts. This will be enough to complete the battery;
• charging current. This value is selected depending on the rated capacity of the battery. It must be at least 0.1 from the rated capacity. It is better if there is a small stock so that the charger does not work at the limit of its capabilities.

As a rule, the charger is the diagram itself in the housing, the plug for connecting to the network 220V and the wires with crocodiles to connect to the battery.

Suppose you have purchased. Now about how to charge the car battery charger. But first a few words on safety.

Security measures when charging the battery

Charging procedure should not be carried out in the apartment, especially if you have little children. The battery needs to be charged in a ventilated room. If there is no such possibility, do it on the balcony. The main danger lies in the release of hydrogen when charging the battery. Together with oxygen, it forms an explosive mixture. Therefore, there should be good ventilation in the room so that hydrogen is not accumulated.

Remember that near the battery standing on the charge, you can not wait for something, smoke, cut the metal with the formation of sparks, etc.

In addition, it is important to remember that the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. This caustic substance is dangerous to human health. When working with electrolyte, gloves and safety glasses should be applied so that it does not hit the skin or in the eye. Ideally, you need to hold a 10% food soda solution to neutralize the acid.

How to charge the battery

To start the answer to the question, is it necessary to remove the battery from the car when charging? In principle, it is optional. You can turn off the terminals and charge it right by car. But to properly charge the car battery better to remove it. All work will be significantly more convenient and do not have to pull the wires to the car to include the charger in the network.

Attention! Should not be charged in a room with high humidity. The battery and the charger must be dry.

In the simplest case, charging the battery will look like this. Twisting cork on battery banks, cover the holes so that the electrolyte does not occur. Connect the crocodiles to the outputs of the battery with the observance of polarity (red on plus, black for minus). Include a charger on the machine and leave so night. For standard batteries with a capacity of 55─60 Ah Charging 8─10 hours will continue. In the "Automatic" mode, the device itself will deactivate the charging when the battery reaches the required parameters.

At the end of charging, tighten the plugs and wipe the surface of the battery with a solution of food soda in water to neutralize acid and dirt residues. This will reduce the battery self-discharge.
Now, when how to properly charge the car battery in general, let's talk about various charging modes.

There are two charging modes of the battery:

• constant current;
• with constant voltage.

Charging battery constant

How to charge the car battery with a charger using a constant current? The idea here is that charging is divided into several stages. Each of them supports a certain value of the current. The value of the current force must be constantly monitored and adjusted if necessary. Here you will need a multimeter to control the voltage at the battery outputs.

The process of charging the DC is divided into several stages:

• first stage. First we set the current equal to 0.1 from the rated capacity of the battery. For a battery 55 A-h, this will be 5.5 amps. In this mode, we charge to the voltage at the conclusions of the battery 14.4 volts;
• second phase. At a voltage of 14.4 volts in the battery, the water electrolysis process sharply activates and hydrogen isolation begins. Therefore, we reduce the charge current twice (up to 2.5 amps) to reduce the boiling intensity and continue charging;
• third stage. When the voltage is reached at 15 volts, the charge current is reduced twice (up to 1.2 amps) and continue to charge. Take the voltage and current every two hours. If their values \u200b\u200bdo not change, the battery is fully charged.

The advantages of this method include the fact that the battery receives a full charge and restores its capacity for almost 100 percent. The disadvantage is that the process must be constantly monitored.

Charging a battery with constant voltage

The idea of \u200b\u200bthis method is that the voltage at the outputs of the battery will strive to align with the voltage at the outputs of the charger. The degree of charging of the battery will depend on the value of the supplied voltage. The battery will be fully charged when the current is dropped to 200 mA, and the charging process will be stopped. This process does not require control by human. In this mode, there are almost all chargers in automatic charging mode.

As for the charging time of the battery at constant voltage, the values \u200b\u200bhere are approximately following:

• Voltage 14.4 volts. After a day, the battery charge (rating of 12 volts) will be about 80 percent;
• Voltage 15 volts. For the same 24 hours, the charge will be about 90 percent;
• 16 volts voltage. During the same time, the battery will be charged almost 100 percent.

Accelerated charging AKB

Accelerated battery charging is performed in cases where the battery needs to return a part of the tank very quickly. For example, you need to go to work, and the battery sat down. Then the accelerated charging is useful.

Now many chargers have boost charging mode. In this mode, an enlarged current is immediately given and in 20 minutes the battery is gaining a container sufficient to start the engine. In principle, it is not necessary to have a Boost regime in the memory. The main thing is to have the ability to adjust the current. Then you can manually set the desired value.
Remember that it is impossible to put more than 30 percent of the standard charging current. If in normal mode you charge the battery for 6 amps, then in the accelerated mode, do not put more than 8 amps. It causes fast wear Plates and reducing the service life of the battery.

Use the accelerated charging mode only in emergency casesWhen it is really necessary. If there is no such need, then charge the battery in normal mode. If you constantly charge the battery in Boost mode, it very soon exhausted its resource.

Effective Battery Charge and Electrolyte Density

Basically, the end of the charging of the battery, we determine the testimony of the memory or voltage at the conclusions of the AKB. But on them it will not be possible to determine the exact degree of charging the battery. To find out how the battery is charged, you need to measure the electrolyte density. To do this, there is such a device as a carometer. It is inexpensive and for sale in any car store. We advise you to have it in the farm.

Measure the density of the electrolyte should be in all banks. Read more about the measurement of density and in general about the electrolyte, read in the article "". In a fully charged battery, the electrolyte has a density of 1.28─1.3 gr. / Cm 3. In a fully discharged battery, the density value is about 1.1 gr. / Cm 3.

Below you can see the Table of Electrolyte density dependence on the degree of charging AKB:

			Account degree,%
Electrolyte density, g / cm. cube (+15 gr. Celsius)	Voltage, in (in the absence of load)	Voltage, in (with a load of 100 a)	Account degree,%	Frozening temperature of electrolyte, gr. Celsius
1,11	11,7	8,4	0	-7
1,12	11,76	8,54	6	-8
1,13	11,82	8,68	12,56	-9
1,14	11,88	8,84	19	-11
1,15	11,94	9	25	-13
1,16	12	9,14	31	-14
1,17	12,06	9,3	37,5	-16
1,18	12,12	9,46	44	-18
1,19	12,18	9,6	50	-24
1,2	12,24	9,74	56	-27
1,21	12,3	9,9	62,5	-32
1,22	12,36	10,06	69	-37
1,23	12,42	10,2	75	-42
1,24	12,48	10,34	81	-46
1,25	12,54	10,5	87,5	-50
1,26	12,6	10,66	94	-55
1,27	12,66	10,8	100	-60

For these values, after measuring the density, you can find out to know how much the battery is charged.

In general, everything I wanted to say how to properly charge the car battery. It remains only to recall the safety of safety. Before you independently charge the battery, it makes sense to ask for advice from more experienced motorists. Charger and the area meter should have their own. It is not so expensive and they will always be useful during the operation of the car.

If you have questions or additions to the article, write them in the comments below. Closer to the end of the autumn, motorists often occur the question of high-quality battery charging. How to do this to achieve the best result?

Lead batteries are charged from the source of "straightened" (permanent) current. To do this, any device is suitable for adjusting the current or charging voltage, provided that it provides an increase in the charging voltage to 16.0-16.5 volts. Otherwise, to charge the modern 12-volt battery completely, up to 100 percent of its container will not be possible.

To charge, the positive output of the charger is connected to the battery terminal (+), and the negative conclusion with the terminal (-).

There are two charging modes: current invariating mode and voltage immutability mode. In its influence on the life expectancy of the battery, these modes are equivalent.

Charging in current invariating mode.

The battery is charged at a current, the force of which is one tenth of the nominal capacity at a twenty-hour discharge. That is, for a battery having a capacity of 60 a / h (ampere per hour), you need a charging current 6a. The disadvantage of this charging mode is necessary to be repeated (every 1-2 hours) monitoring the values \u200b\u200bof the current and its regulation, as well as the strong separation of gases at the end of the process.

In order to reduce gas evolving and ensure more complete battery charges, it is useful to apply a gradual reduction in current strength as the charge voltage increases. When the voltage reaches the value of 14.4 volts, the charge current must be reduced halfway to 3 amps (for a battery, with a capacity of 60 a / h) and continue charging until gasmaking begins.

In modern batteries that are not equipped with holes for taking water, after increasing the charging voltage to 15 volts, it is useful to once again reduce the charging current by half - to 1.5 amps (for a battery, with a capacity of 60 a / h).

At the so-called non-servant batteries The state of complete charge occurs when the voltage value is 16.3-16.4 volts (the difference depends on the quality of the electrolyte and the composition of alloys, of which lattices are made).

Charging in voltage unchanged mode.

When using this method, the battery charge rate at the end of the process depends on the value of the charging voltage issued by the charger. So after a continuous 24-hour charging at a voltage value of 14.4 volts, a 12-volt battery will be charged to 75-85% of its container, with a voltage value of 15 volts - up to 85-90%, and at 16 volts - up to 95-97 %. Fully for 20-24 hours. The battery is charging when the voltages are 16.3-16.4 volts.

Depending on the capacity and internal resistance of the battery at the time of the start of charging, the force passing through it can exceed 50 amps. Therefore, in order to avoid its failure, the maximum current limit is provided in charge devices to 20-25 amps.

In the process of charging, the voltage on the battery terminals gradually reaches the voltage value of the charger, and the charge current is reduced almost to zero (provided that the charging voltage is less than the voltage at which gases begins). Thus, charging can be carried out without constant attention of a person. An indicator of the end of charging here is the increase in the voltage at the battery terminals to 14.3-14.5 volts. At this time, a green light signal is turned on, showing the moment of achieving the required voltage and the end of the charging process.

In practice for normal charging (up to 90-95% capacity) of non-servant batteries with modern chargers with a maximum voltage of 14.4-14,5 volts, it is usually required for more than 24 hours.

Charging the battery on the car.

On the car, the battery is recharged in the constant voltage mode during engine operation. By agreement with battery manufacturers, automakers are installed in the generators, charging voltage 13.8-14.3 volts - less than the voltage at which there is an intensive gas form.

When the air temperature decreases, the internal resistance of the battery increases, which is why the effectiveness of its charging in the voltage unchanged mode is reduced. For this reason, the battery on the car can not be charged completely not always, and in winter, at a voltage on terminals, 13.9-14.3 volts and the included long-mounted lights charges, the battery does not exceed 70-75%. In connection with this winter, under conditions of low temperatures, small distances of the car's mileage and frequent cold engine launches, it is useful at least once a month to charge the battery indoor using a charger.

Electrolyte density control.

In the just charged battery, the electrolyte density rate in each bank should be within 1.27-1.29 g / cm 3. As the charge consumes, the density is gradually decreasing in the battery discharged by half, is 1.19-1.21 g / cm 3. With full discharge, the electrolyte density reaches 1.09-1.11 g / cm 3.

In a normal charged battery that does not have internal short circuits, the electrolyte density indicator in all banks is about the same with the discrepancy of not more than 0.02 g / cm 3. In the occurrence of internal closure in any of the cans the electrolyte density in it will be lower than in The rest, by 0.10-0.15 g / cm 3.

The density of the electrolyte and other liquids is measured by the device called the areometer. For various liquids, the areaometer has interchangeable densitometers (from the Latin word Densum - density, density, viscosity).

During the measurement of the density of the area, if possible, it is necessary to keep so that the float does not touch the wall of the tube. Along with this, the temperature of the electrolyte is measured, and the density is calculated from the calculation that its cellper is + 25 ° C. To do this, the accusation of the area increases or decreases to the value, which is taken from the table, driven in the corresponding special pattern.

Climate and season when measuring Electrolyte density		Density (g / cm 3)
		Battle. charged	Battle. Descessable
			25%	by 50%
Very cold (temperature in January from -50 ° C to -30 ° C)	WINTER	1,30	1,26	1,22
	SUMMER	1,28	1,24	1,20
Cold (temperature in January from -30 ° C to -15 ° C)		1,28	1,24	1,20
Moderate (temperature in January from -15 ° C to -8 ° C)		1,28	1,24	1,20
Warm wet (Temperature in January from 0 ° C to + 4 ° C)		1,23	1,19	1,15
Hot dry (temperature in January from -15 ° C to + 4 ° C)		1,23	1,19	1,15

If the operating cycle voltage on the battery is less than 12.6 volts, and the electrolyte density is less than 1.24 g / cm 3, check the voltage on the terminals when the engine is running and put the battery for charging.

Regularly performing these uncomplicated actions, you can achieve a long-term and trouble-free operation of the battery at any time of the year.

For each car owner it is very important that its auto power supply was reliable. For this purpose, a special device is an acb that needs periodic recharging. Those who do not know how to charge the battery independently, it is necessary to listen to the advice of professionals. If you visit the battery shop, you will receive a consultation of specialists. You will learn the principle of operation of this unit, is it sufficient for its capacity for your car, whether it has a long service life.

The main features of the charging process

Would you like to learn how to charge the battery without assistance? Then you need to follow some parameters, the execution of which is necessary.

First determine the nominal energy intensity of the device. The optimal current of the current should be no more than 10% of the value of the nominal. On the charging terminals, the allowable voltage level is the value of + 10% of the nominal indicator of the AKB.

If you want to charge the battery at an accelerated pace, refuse this solution, since the device is damaged. This process is performed by high values \u200b\u200bof 20-30 A.

Gel batteries should be charged without exceeding critical indicator Voltages for AKB of this type - 14,2 V.

These criteria are essential for efficient charging of the car battery.

Cycle of preparatory action

First make sure that the battery is really discharged. Discharge can occur due to errors in operation or damage to the case. If the integrity of the device is impaired, the electrolyte deposition, and chemical reaction Will not happen. It is impossible to use a damaged battery. Therefore, before charging the battery, it is removed from the niche, purified, carefully inspect.

A color indicator is installed on the lid. They determine whether the resource is really developed. Next to this determinant there is a sticker with an explanation, which indicate colors in the picture.

The battery status can also be checked by measuring the voltage at the terminals by the usual tester. On the discharge of AKB will indicate the voltage indicator with the value below the nominal.

It is also necessary to check the state of the electrolyte, its quantity. The liquid must be clean and transparent. Its level should be slightly above the plates. If it is lower, you need to add dastallates.

The vent hole on the battery lid should be clean, otherwise evaporation will not be able to go out.

Perform charging right

Before charging the battery, remember the harmful evaporation of the electrolyte. In the residential premises, these works are not recommended.

At first, charging is connected to the battery, and then to the network. It is necessary to do it correctly, otherwise the stuffers will come out.

Charging procedure is performed by 2 ways. When you first work, it is done with a constant indicator 14-16 V. But since the current of the current is the value variable, then at the beginning of the process it can be at the mark of 25-30 V, and then gradually drop.

The second option is a bit more complicated. It is performed with a changing voltage with a constant current, the device that works by the method of constant voltage.

The current strength of 10% of the energy intensity of the battery is set by a regulator. An arrow on an ammeter in the "0" position will be a signal on the full restoration of the battery. This operation will require about 13 hours.

The process of recharging such a device requires special attention: with the specified parameters of the battery, the batteries must be charged to the value of 14 V, then the current strength is reduced by 2 times. After that, the charge level should be 15 V, and the current is still half. Hold the pointer on the indicator scale at one level about 1 hour, indicates the completion of the process.

Having mastered the information how to charge the battery, it is also necessary to understand that the full charge of the battery can be checked by the load fork on terminals. If there is no this device, install the battery for the car. Starter must start cheerfully power installation.

Each battery shop in Minsk, find which just with the tam.by catalog will be glad to offer you a wide selection of acb and charger.

The battery is one of the main power sources of the electrical on-board network of the car and it lies an important function - to start the power installation, after which the generator will take on the power of the on-board electrical appliances.

Acb itself electric energy It does not produce, he only keeps it in himself and gives it in need.

After launch power aggregate The generator restores the energy spent (charging the AKB).

In this case, it is not always a generator to fully charge the battery, usually it happens in winter.

Frequent causes of discharge serviceable battery

To start it cold EngineThe starter consumes much more energy than in the summer. In addition, low temperatures lead to an increase in resistance inside the battery.

After launch, the driver wants to provide comfortable conditions in the cabin, as well as traffic safety, includes a number of electromotors - the salon heater, the heating of mirrors, seats, glasses, lighting devices.

And all this is powered by the generator, which already delivers energy to the ignition and nutrition systems.

As a result, the total load on the generator increases so much that at best, it simply does not work out enough energy to recharging the battery, and at worst - the on-board network will still begin to focus from the battery.

Ultimately, the permanent submractive from the generator will lead to the fact that the battery is discharged and the motor will not be able to launch.

Naturally, this will not happen immediately. The battery, if in a normal condition, may well "survive" the winter season, but at its end the degree of charging will be 50-60%.

And since in the future the load on the on-board network decrease, in the end, the generator will be able to restore the charge, although not completely. But all this, provided that the battery will be prepared for the winter.

How often charging car battery

One of the types of service AKB is to recharge it from an external power source.

Changing operating conditions lead to the fact that the generator cannot restore the battery charge by 100%, but it can be done by a charger (memory).

The frequency of such a battery service directly depends on the degree of its wear and features of operation.

For a new battery, just once a year before in winter to carry out CTC and recharging from the memory. But gradually the number of charging will have to increase.

In the end, the battery exhausted its resource completely and it will have to be changed.

Main ways of recharging

If approaching a professional side, then there are several ways to charge the battery that have its advantages and disadvantages.

To such methods include:

• charging at constant current;
• forced way;
• training cycle (CTC);
• charging at constant voltage of current;
• impulse current;
• asymmetric current;
• according to the rule of amper-hours (Woodbridge rule).

We will definitely consider all these ways in the following articles.

Causes of full battery discharge

Frequent reasons Full discharge battery can be:

• Electricity consumers included for a long time when the engine is turned off, and also if the engine works on idlingthat car owners usually do not pay attention;
• Circuit in the car's power grid, thanks to which it is gradually in inconspicuous mode;
• Different malfunctions in the car power grid, due to which the charging voltage from the generator during a movement of less than 13.8 W.
• Installation and connection to the electrical network of the car of external additional consumers current, which are not provided with a car package;
• Long-term parking of your car for 10 or more days with a connected negative terminal;
• Long-term accumulatory battery without recharging. Usually in the summer it is 60 days, in winter 30.

One of the important points is the constant voltage control, which gives the generator to recharging the battery.

Voltage issued by the generator at rotation frequency crankshaft From 2000 to 2500 rpm should be between 13.8 to 14.5 volts (12-volt AKB) and from 27.4 to 30.2 volts 24-volt batteries.

Much depends on the health of the regulator relay. You can control this voltage in real time with special devices that are inserted into the car cigarette room.

They are electronic and LED.

It is also necessary to monitor the degree of tension of the car generator drive belt.

If the tension is weak, then the torque on the generator is not completely transmitted, as a result of which the voltage drops.

If the belt is tormented, they can quickly fail the pulley bearings through which the generator belt passes. Therefore, you need to follow this.

At what cases you need to charge the battery

The main indicator is electrolyte, or rather its density. This indicator should be no less than 1.25 g / cm3 and not higher than 1.29 g / cm3. It is measured by a special device - a carometer.

For certain climatic conditions, these numbers need to be specified.

Therefore, it is desirable that the device is always at hand to use it easily and special preparation will not need.

Below are situations when you need to recharge the battery:

• when the battery is discharged after a long car parking;
• with long, in several attempts, but unsuccessful car factory, which led to the battery discharge.
• due to other situations that led to the discharge of a power source or its failure.

Charging the battery charger

Security measures.

Charging is only one of the battery service points, and there is still a set of measures before performing it, and with compliance with certain safety rules, since inside the battery there is an aggressive fluid capable of inflecting chemical burns.

In addition, violation of safety equipment when servicing acb can cause its explosion.

• In a room where the battery is charged, good air ventilation must be present, since the mixture of oxygen and hydrogen is released during charging, which is explosive.
• From the first point, the warning itself suggests itself, not approach while charging to the battery with a cigarette or other sources of open fire.
• do not leave the battery unattended if you do not charge it automatic memory.

Basic service rules and battery charging:

• Before charging, the visual inspection of the battery and cleaning the case is first carried out. To do this, it should be removed from the car, and well inspect the housing for damage. Dirt existing on it should be removed;
• Often on the housing you can see traces of flops. In no case should it be touched, because it can be an electrolyte (so that no overpressure is inside, in the case there is a drainage hole through which the electrolyte can spill). It is possible to remove them by carefully wiping the housing with a rag moistened in an aqueous solution of soda (it neutralizes acid);
• If the battery is served, then the next step is to check the state of the electrolyte. To do this, unscrew all the plugs, and we estimate the level (the electrolyte must cover the plate packet), as well as its transparency (darkening, the presence of "flakes" indicates damage);
• Then the electrolyte density is checked. To do this, you need a carometer. Moreover, this operation is made simply to compare indicators in all banks of the battery (the difference in readings should not exceed 0.01), and not to detect density. Everything is simple - in a fully charged state, the density should be 1.27, but as the charge will decline. It turns out that measurement on the partially discharged acb of the actual density of the electrolyte will not give (for this it should be replaced with 100% of the battery charge). But a significant difference in the testimony at different banks will signal the closure of the plates. In this case, the battery is considered unsuitable for operation.

After all these measures, you can proceed to charging. This operation should be carried out in a well-ventilated room at a temperature of 18-20 degrees. FROM.

One of the most important conditions is the preventation of the "surveillance", that is, when connecting to the battery of wires from the memory, it should be monitored so that the "plus" and "minus" cables can be connected to the corresponding terminals on the battery.

And only after that you can enable the charger (it is impossible to turn on the network to the network, and after connecting it to the battery).

Preparation.

1. It is advisable to charge the battery from the car, but if you didn't do it, disconnect all the terminals and open the plug-in necks.
2. Connect the first plus wire of the charger to plus Terminal Akb, and only then negative to a similar one. This will prevent the appearance of sparks. Since charging takes constant current, it is impossible to be mistaken here.

Only after executing item 2, you can connect the charger to the network.

Now there are a lot of different charging devices. If you charge a simple motorist and the battery is not so often, then you are not expensive, working in automatic mode, it does not need to adjust anything in it, but simply wait when the device turns off by performing your work.

Then turn off the network charger, remove the negative terminal, and then positive.

If the charger allows you to perform manual adjustments and settings, then you need to have some training and knowledge.

Typically, these are expensive and they use prepared car owners.

In this situation, you need to conduct some settings. Suppose if you have a battery capacity of 55 A-h, then the recommended charging current in this case will be 5.5 A, i.e. 1/10 from its container. In no case do not charge the battery with high currents.

Also, in no case cannot leave the place of charging. It is necessary to constantly monitor such indications as the electrolyte density (if possible) and the most important temperature.

If you feel that the battery housing is very hot, or the electrolyte temperature reached 45 degrees, then immediately reduce the power charging Tok. 2 times or generally temporarily suspend charging.

If the battery voltage and the electrolyte density do not change within two hours, then it is considered charged.

The electrolyte density adjustment occurs when real indicators differ from the manufacturer recommended by the plant by 0.01 g / cm3. But in any case, they should not be less than 1.25 g / cm3 and more than 1.29 g / cm3.

Read more about the basic charging parameters, let's talk below.

What voltage and strength of the current charge the car battery

The main parameters when charging the battery is the supplied voltage and the current.

Moreover, one of these parameters in the existing memory is adjustable, therefore the devices are divided by means of charging - permanent or voltage or current.

Also recently appeared so-called combined memory, which use both of these methods.

Voltage

Let's go through what voltage should be charged the battery. This indicator in the battery varying in the range from 11.7 (the minimum value indicating full discharge) to 12.7 (charge - 100%).

But the electric current can "push" the power and the battery accepted it, the voltage should be higher than that of the battery itself.

The optimal is the figure of 14.2-14.4 V (the generator controller is configured to such voltage).

This value is not simply chosen, the fact is that such a stress is the threshold of the beginning of intensive gas release.

In devices operating according to the charging method by constant voltage, this parameter is also set at 14.2-14.4 V.

But the current is changing, and depending on the internal resistance of the battery and the degree of its discharge.

Thus, at the very beginning of the recharging, the current strength is very high - about 40-50 A. But since such values \u200b\u200bcan harm the acB, the current strength is limited (usually at 20-25 A).

As the voltage is charged in the battery rises, which leads to a decrease in the current current.

When equalizing the voltage on the terminals of the battery and the outputs, the strength of the current drops almost to zero and it is a charge recovery signal.

Tok Power

With the above method, this parameter is uncontrollable and sets it by itself, based on the resistance of the AKB.

In the devices using the DC method, this parameter has to be set manually, the voltage will be adjusted independently.

As already noted above, the optimal charge rate is considered to be a current equal to 1/10 from the rated capacity of the battery (for AKB by 55 Ah, it is 5.5 A, by 60 Ah - 6.0 a, etc.). With such a current strength, the fully discharged battery is charged to recover in 10 hours.

But the partially discharged battery is often charged. And in this case, the charging time should be calculated. It is possible to do this by voltage on the battery terminals.

As noted, the battery voltage range from the degree of discharge varies in the range of 11.7-12.7 V. That is, the difference in voltage at the discharged and charged battery is only 1.0 V.

If, for example, a voltmeter shows a voltage of 12.2 V, then this means that the battery lost half of its charge. Fully discharged batteries in 1/10 from a capacity charges 10 hours, and in our case it is discharged only by 50%, so it will take 5 hours to restore the total charge.

It turns out that such a current for 1 hour is possible to restore 0.1 V, so knowing the voltage, you can easily calculate the recharging time.

As the intensity of chemical processes accompanied by gas division and temperature increases, will increase.

To reduce them, at the last stage of charging, the current strength should be doubled. If necessary, after a certain time it can be reduced again. Full charge signal is not changing over 1-2 hours voltage on terminals.

Note that current at 1/10 from the capacity is the optimal value to provide a relatively high-quality and high-speed charging of the battery without negative consequences.

If you submit a current of a larger value, recharge faster, but such intensity will not benefit. But currents of small values \u200b\u200b- 5% of the container provides a qualitative charge, but the time for obtaining a 100% filling of the battery will be twice as much.

It happens that the battery fully consumed its energy. Usually it happens by inattention (the driver forgot to turn off for the night of some of the consumers).

In this case, it is possible to restore the charge only using currents of small values \u200b\u200b(5% of the tank), at the same time it is necessary to charge at least 1 day.

It is worth noting that even the charging with small currents will not provide 100% of the reduction of the container, since the deep discharge becomes the cause of irreversible processes inside the battery.

In the future, for such a battery, it is necessary to monitor more carefully, since the re-deep discharge can be completely output.

What to do if there is no charger

Situations often occur when the battery is discharged, and there is no charger at hand. Many at the same time try to adapt other devices for this - charging from mobile phones, laptops, etc.

But such devices do not meet the required parameters. Thus, the charging of the phone at the exit provides 5 V, and the laptop is often 9 in, which is clearly not enough.

Even if you succeed in charging 12 V, apply it to the car battery fail, because in order for it to receive the charge, you need 14,2 V.. In addition, there are no current adjustments in such charger.

In general, attempts to apply unpredictable to recharging a car battery can turn into the most different unpleasant consequences.

Better to recover the charge to use the car itself, or rather its generator.

To do this, you only need to start it by "" or "from the tug".

Under such conditions, half an hour will succeed quite well (but not completely) to restore the charge.

Estimation of the degree of car battery charge

As noted, maintenance The battery must be exposed often. What you can not say about checking the degree of his charge.

In addition, this will allow you to reveal a significant loss of battery energy and restore it in a timely manner, not allowing a deep discharge.

You can check in several ways:

• Measure the voltage on the terminals (it was considered above). That is, we take a voltmeter and make measurements. A fully charged battery on terminals should be 12.7 V. Reduction every 0.1V will indicate a loss of 10% degree of charge. An indicator at 11.7V signals a complete discharge. Using this method, the battery needs to be completely disconnected from the onboard network, as well as wait for the parameters to be stabilized;
  
• Many batteries are equipped with viewing windows with color indication. But this method of checking is very inaccurate, because it shows only two values \u200b\u200b- the battery is charged and discharged. But the intermediate value to identify will not succeed;
  
• Use a load fork. One of the most accurate ways to check the battery charge degree. It is a plug device equipped with a voltmeter. Due to its own resistance (0.018-0.02 Ohms) it creates a load on the battery (mimics the connection of a powerful consumer of energy). It is very easy to do this for measurements - we connect it to the terminals, and look at the testimony of a voltmeter. In a fully charged battery, the voltage should be 10.5 V, the figure in 9.9V signals a shortage of 25% charge, 9.3 V - the battery is low. If the plug showed 8.1 V and below, then the battery in the deep discharge;
  
• The following method implies a voltage measurement with a voltmeter, but with a load created (the principle of the loader). But in this case, we give the load with onboard electrical devices, for example, turn on far light. This will provide a load of 10 A, the voltage drop will be observed. The charged battery has to decrease to 11.2.

Note that a special difference, which method (except indicator) is used - no.

Here, an important criterion is the accuracy of instruments used to check, because even a minor error may pour out a fairly serious discrepancy between the testimony with valid values.

How to make a charger with your own hands

Adjust charging from a laptop to recharge a car battery fail. But no one says that only the purchased charger needs.

It is quite possible to make independently from the remedies, and with its own task they will cope not worse than the factory products.

How to charge a new battery

Often the question arises regarding the charging of new batteries. In general, new AKB is now available on sale ready-to-use without prior service. That is, you don't need to do anything - bought and immediately put on the car.

But there is one enough an important nuance. From the moment when the battery was the manufacturer is refilled and charged, and before he falls to the buyer, it can pass time, and a lot. And in the battery there is a self-discharge effect, that is, even when stored it is gradually discharged.

If the degree of discharge is small, then there is nothing critical in it, but the battery should be recharged a little before installing on the car.

Therefore, when buying must be necessary:

1. Check the date of manufacture (if the battery is more than 6 months, it is better not to acquire it);
2. Conduct a detailed inspection external view (if there are corks, then you can estimate the electrolyte state, check its density);
3. Voltmeter measure the voltage (if the battery is new, and the voltage drop is significant, then the likelihood of internal damage) is high).

In general, recharging may be required even a new battery, but if it is noted that it is completely discharged, it is better not to acquire it.

Lower the density of electrolyte

Distilled water is used to reduce the electrolyte density, to increase the electrolyte.

If you decide to "bring to mind" the density of the electrolyte, then it is necessary after adjusting the battery to put approximately 40 minutes for the charge at the same time the voltage should be 15-16 volts. This is necessary for complete mixing of electrolyte.

In any case, the action described at the very end concerns specialists in the field of charging acb.

And those who constantly charges using automatic chargers, at least once every six months, especially before the winter period of operation, contact specialists who fully check the battery will make all the necessary procedures, will improve a qualitative state and extend its service life.

And I will also do everything so that the battery does not fail at the most appropriate moment.

How to charge the battery without removing from the car

Finally, we will analyze such a question as charging the battery without removing it from the car.

If this is done in the preliminary shutdown of the on-board network, you can recharge without any concerns, the main thing is to ensure a steady position of the memory and ventilation (that is, charge when the hood is open).

But many are interested, whether it is possible to do it without disconnecting from the on-board network. Such attempts may have negative consequences.

On a number of electrical appliances, the voltage is served constantly. For example, even when the ignition is completely turned off, the power is entered on the security system, the audio system (it is in standby) and so on.

If you try to charge the connected battery, the voltage jumps (up to 16 V) or current (up to 50 A) may lead to the fuses (at best) or the equipment itself.

Therefore, it is better not to experiment with the charging of the battery, not disconnected from the on-board network.

As for such a question, as charging in conditions of reduced temperatures (in winter in the unheated garage), it is quite possible.

In the process of charging in the battery, chemical processes are undergoing with heat release, so it herself hesitate.

If you have a target to periodically recharge the battery periodically, it is enough to use the automatic charger without any additional adjustments and the charging process itself will be completely unclear.

But if you fully hold quality service The power source, then it is best to contact a specialist who has special devices, chargers and equipment for work in this area of \u200b\u200bactivity.

Thanks to this periodic maintenance, the battery will last much longer.

The basis of the engine launch of any car is the battery (AKB). If the carburetor internal engine required a little energy to start, then for modern injector machines, a constantly powerful, charged battery is required. This is due to the activation of the electric junction, on-board computer etc.

Ways Charging AKB

There are several ways, battery charging methods. Sealed differently, there are its own rules. You can do this correctly in 3 ways:

1. Charge a constant current. it fast way, Used for equalizing and forced battery charging.
2. Charge a constant voltage, 2 types of such a method: 1) a slightly changing voltage (initially the voltage is submitted less); 2) at constant voltage.
3. Charge and current, and voltage (combined). It is used in 2 stages: 1) the constant strength of the current value of 1/10 from the nominal capacity of the AKB is supplied. When the battery reaches a voltage ranging from 14.4 to 14.8 volts, a constant voltage is turned on. 2) In the second stage, the voltage is submitted constant, and the current is reduced due to an increase in the internal resistance of the battery.

The third way is the best. After charging this method, that is, no speed, gas formation and hydrolysis does not occur due to the supply of high voltage.

Consider in more detail the first way of charging

When using the first charging method, when a constant current strength is used, the voltage is not higher than 16.2 volts.

For example, if a capacity of 50 A-h (amp * o'clock__, then, if you charge the first method for 20 hours, it turns out that a constant current of 2.5 amp (50 A * h / 20 h \u003d 2.5 A) was supplied. Also well charged, but in 10 hours, then it is necessary to ensure the flow of current of 5 amps (50/10).

Plus 1 method - the battery becomes fully charged. Minus 1 of the method - gases from fluid during heating are distinguished.

If we decided to use the method of constant current of the current, then it is recommended to first supply the current 1/10 from the battery tank. Then, when the voltage of one bank becomes 2.4 volts, reduce the current by 2 times.

To better purchase a good charger, which provides a stable constant supply of electricity, without interruptions.

Consider in more detail the second way of charging.

Method of supplying constant voltage, car battery You can charge up to 90%. The strength of the current during charging will change due to the emerging resistance.

Pluses of the second method:

• fast;
• at first, the energy is spent on the restoration of the plates, then charging.

The minus of the second method is a strong heating of electrolyte. The equalizing charging is used to eliminate the result of deep discharges. The increasing sulfate of the electrodes is well eliminated.

Forced method

The forced method is used to quickly renovate the battery. Do not allow an increase in current to 70% more than half an hour from the value of the nominal container. Next, for 45 minutes it is necessary to reduce the current to be two times less than the value of the nominal container. Next should be charged with a current equal to 30% of the nominal container within 1.5 hours. With this method, charging must be controlled by the electrolyte temperature. If the electrolyte temperature is exceeded, over 45 degrees, charging must be stopped.

The minus of the forced way is that it reduces the life of the automotive battery.

How to charge the battery

If the starter began to turn badly or does not twist at all, then this can be a batch battery, and there may be other reasons.
Check the state of the battery. To measure the density you need to drown out the engine. A good battery battery has a liquid density from 1.27 to 1.29 g / cm3. After that, we measure the voltage voltage or multimeter in the Voltage mode, a well-charged battery has a voltage on terminals from 12.3 to 12.9 volts.

Half-level automotive battery will have 1.16 - 1.18 g / cm3, and the voltage will have 11.8 - 12 V.

On 1/3 of the nashest Akb, as a rule, has a liquid density (sulfuric acid + distilled water) in the range of 1.23 - 1.25 g / cm3, and the voltage will be 12.0 - 12.1 volts.

If the battery is completely discharged, the density of its fluid will be in the range of 1.11 - 1.13 g / cm3, and the voltage will be below 11 volts.

Now, after determined the status of the battery, you should prepare it, select the desired mode and put it on charging.

Battery charging sequence at home:

1. DVS drown out, disconnect terminals and.
2. Clean the lid from dust and electrolyte traces. You can simply, first with a damp cloth, then dry. It is possible and a solution of sodium soda, diluted in a glass of water. Soda neutralizes electrolyte.
3. Clear lead terminals from oxides, plaque. The sandpaper with large abrasive substances is well suitable.
4. Next, when the lid is clean, it is necessary to unscrew the capacles of the battery capacity.
5. Now it is necessary to determine the level of fluid in the compartments. Some acb on the case have electrolyte levels. If the MIN mark below ( minimum level), then add it to a bit above this level. If there are no marks on the case, then make the liquid slightly cover the lead plates.
6. Next, you need to connect the charger terminals to the battery terminal. Observe the polarity, the red terminal to the plus, black to minus.
7. Turn on the battery charger. If there is an automatic mode, then put on it if not, then you specify the necessary parameters themselves.

How to charge the battery on the road

If the car is stalled on the road, and the starter barely twists and can not start the motor, or does not twist at all, it will have to use one of the ways of breeding in DVS on the road is to "see". But for this it will be necessary to stop past the passing machine. Maybe lucky, and the neighbor will stop on the way. But, not everyone is ready to cut the car, as they fear that the electronics will damage. In order not to risk, they remove their battery and put on your car, create, and then remove. When the engine was brought, it is no longer unavailable until you reach the destination.

Well, and the second way to make a car with a served battery - it's from a pusher. This method is suitable for carburetor engine.

Recommendation. If the car does not plan to use more than a month, for example, you need to leave for a watch, to work, then it is better to disconnect the terminals, even if you have reliable Russian. And if it is in winter, then it is desirable, to put the battery to the warm room.

Is it possible to recharge the battery

Few people think about whether it is possible to recharge the battery and, that will be if the battery is reloaded. As mentioned, the normal density of the electrolyte is 1.27 g / cm3. If the density increases, the liquid begins to be separated for acid and water.

Separated water in the battery can lead to an explosion of a hermetic battery, as water boils quickly.

Also, a car battery can be blown down because of the "cigarette" from another machine.

Video

In this video, it is described how long to charge the car battery and how to do it correctly to not damage the battery.

In this video, the "main road" explains the reasons for the explosion of the Akb car.