ESP stabilization system. What is ESP? Installation with your own hands

Course stabilization system or abbreviated ESP is one of the elements. active security A car that allows you to significantly reduce the chance of a car drift, increasing management security vehicle. The ESP system has numerous hidden functions that we will talk about in this article.

ESP is a separate system from various devices that provide an improvement in the safety of the vehicle, preventing the vehicle and slip the car. Such systems appeared at the end of the last century and today are popular, establishing both on expensive representative sedans and budget city cars.

This system includes numerous sensors, which in real time analyzed the vehicle speed, the position of the steering and gas pedal, the degree of intensity of pressing the brake and a number of other indicators. All data flock into the car control unit, where the decision to activate this system is made, after which the wheels are inserted into the car, which prevents the occurrence of uncontrolled drift.

Many cars today are equipped with a so-called braking assistant, which allows you to increase the efficiency of braking, warning the accident with ahead of moving cars. The ESP system works in conjunction with such a braking assistant, determining the degree of production of brake discs, and with an increase in their temperature, the central control unit slightly presses brake pads, and the driver does not feel any difference in braking efficiency. Whereas without joint eSP work And the braking assistant would have to have a slight slowdown in almost half of the floor to press the brake pedal during preheated brakes.

Rain and ESP Sensor

In the event that the vehicle is equipped with a rain sensor, the course stabilization system will receive data from the respective sensors and, if necessary, pressure in the brake system will be increased. Periodic ESP will join the pads to the disks, which will allow them to clean them from the water film. This ensures braking efficiency even in wet weather.

ESP functioning on SUVs

On many all-wheel drive SUVs, the ESP course stabilization system is configured in a different way, which allows you to completely block the wheels when moving along a broken road. Thus, the braking path on the dirt road is reduced, ensuring the maximum fast deceleration of the car. And the system receives information from various sensors, analyzes the current vehicle speed and is able to determine whether the machine is moving along asphalt and country road. At high speed and movement on the asphalt, the locking of the wheels during braking is completely excluded, but at low speeds of the wheel with a completely pressed brake pedal can be blocked, which slightly reduces the brake path of the car.

Experienced drivers know that whatever electronic systems have not equipped with a car and how neatly they did not control the machine, yet completely eliminate the likelihood of the appearance of the drift will be impossible. There will be no electronic system to defeat the laws of physics. If, when you enter the speed at a speed of 40 degrees, the automation can still load the wheels and completely suppresses the skid, then it is worth trying to enter the turn at high speed, as even when working ESP and other security systems, the car will put, right up to the full loss of control over car.

ESP system Even if she does not manage to warn such a car drift, it will still help the driver to straighten the situation or reduce the depth of the car's sliding. Automation estimates the situation in real time and sends signals to the electric power steering. The electronic brain of the car will learn to what angle should turn the steering wheel to resume control over the car. That is, in fact, the driver does not control the driver during the drift, and the electronics enters the case, which, on the basis of data on the corner accelerations of the car, will make a decision to slower wheels and rotate the steering wheel to the desired angle.

Numerous studies have shown that the work of such automation and ESP when driving will be much more efficient than the action of even an experienced driver. That is why today many cars are equipped with a course stabilization system that fully assumes control when driving a car.

ESP can constantly monitor tire pressure

Many modern cars are equipped with air pressure sensors in tires, and the ESP system gets the necessary data on tire pressure, and, if necessary, make adjustments to the efficiency of control and braking of the car. In critical situations, when the tire pressure fell to a minimum, the automation will give the appropriate warning to the driver who needs to stop and replace the punctured wheel or pump the lowered tire.

ESP works in conjunction with the steering, and when determining the low pressure in the tires will send the corresponding signals to the electric powerlier, which will rotate the wheel to a larger angle. Thus, the deterioration of the car manageability is completely leveled when used enough tires.

Conclusion

The ESP system in modern cars is integrated into the overall safety of the vehicle, works closely with other automatic blocks and systems, receiving data from different sensors. All this allows you to provide a car with the necessary safety, the electronic brain of the car can correctly control the vehicle, warning the slip, drifts and accidents cars.

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) - the most common name that has received the system currency stability car. Also you can meet the following abbreviations: DSC (Dynamic Stability Control), VSA (Electronic Stability Control), VSC (VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL).

The name depends on the manufacturer. For its basis, all the specified systems have a single principle.

Role in motion

Developed in 1959 Mercedes-Benz and first established 1995, ESP has become a logical continuation of the development of active security systems. Electronic stability control would be impossible without TCS (the system of preventing the protrusion of the master axis). The latter used adjacent sensors and actuators.

The ESP innovation was controlled by the corner of the car around its axis. In other words, the electronics was able to recognize the demolition and drift of the car. The system of course stability helps the driver to return control over the car.

Components

ESP includes the following components:

• speed \u200b\u200bsensors of rotation of each of the wheels. Normal for all modern cars ABS sensors, the principle of operation of which is based on the Hall effect;
• speed \u200b\u200bsensor and angle of rotation of the car around its axis. Modern systems Conduct an angle sensor around the axis and the acceleration controller of this very rotation in one case;
• the hydraulic block of the brake force control system, which, if necessary, can clamp / let the brake discs of a particular wheel.
• steering wheel corner controller;
• electronic control unit that processes the resulting signals and controls the actuators.

The stabilization system interacts with many other assistants:

• ABS - preventing wheel blocking when braking;
• EBD - control of the distribution of brake force, evaluating the coupling properties of the coating of each of the wheels;
• EDS - forced blocking of differential with electronic control;
• ASR - control of traction effort. Allows you to avoid slipping the wheels of the master axis.

For a more visual example, we offer watch a video.

Operating principle

All of the above components help electronics understand when the car is started, as well as correct the behavior of the car, depending on the manipulations made by the driver.

Deviation of the position of the auto controls from the actual parameters of the car movement, provokes the immediate intervention of Electronic Stability Program. For example, the angle of rotation of the wheels is small, but the transverse acceleration rate and the angle of rotation around the axis significantly exceed the indicators that are characteristic of the safe hawking of the car at the specified steering parameters. In such a simplified way, you can describe how the ESP determines the development of the drift.

The system of course stability will slow down certain wheels or weakens the braking force if the driver, frightened, presses the brake pedal to the floor; It affects the operation of the engine, without giving the leading axis to aggravate the situation.

The main vocation of the ESP is to prevent the start or exacerbation of the car drift. All these manipulations help straighten the trajectory and save control over the machine.

Specific example

Consider how the system works, on the example of a situation in which electronic stability control helps stabilize cars.

Parameters for excess turning (drift):

• the rear axle seeks to overtake the front wheels. The rear axle slides towards the external arc of the turn;
• slip speed big.

Stabilization occurs due to braking front wheel external radius.

Insufficient rotation parameters (demolition):

• the front axle slides towards the external turnover arc;
• rush speed is low;

Stabilization occurs due to braking rear wheelpassing through the inner radius.

Of course, the described algorithm is too simplified. The electronic control unit receives information from different sensors for several tens times per second, immediately reacts to signals to actuators, constantly focusing on changing conditions of movement.

Video operation of the car stability system will help evaluate all the use of the assistant.

Oligation

Auto EU countries issued from the second half of 2014 are obliged to have an ESP in a minimum configuration. Domestic legislation implies a similar rule only in the case of certification of the release of a new car. Extension of oligation does not oblige into introducing innovations. Therefore, for most machines, such a useful assistant is available only for an additional fee.

Installation with your own hands

You can independently retain your ESP car. Required components Consider on the example Opel Astra. J 1.6T 2010 in.

You will need:

• aBS / ESP control unit, mounting bracket for installation on a regular place;
• Sim module;
• rusk sensor (one more name of the transverse acceleration controller and axial rotation), fastener;
• plug.

If you know the location of all elements and know how to pump the brake system, the installation does not seem like a challenge to you. Note that such a change must be prescribed software. This requires a scanner and special software. This is perhaps the most difficult point in the entire installation process.

Characteristic malfunctions

The ESP breakdown in your car will signal the appropriate control pointer to dashboard. The reasons for which ESP does not work may be several:

• circuit breaking (most characteristic of speed sensors);
• malfunction of the control unit;
• brake force sensor;
• eSP block brushes and others.

First of all, it is necessary to carry out computer diagnostics.

Enemy or assistant

It is worth recognizing that in some situations, Electronic Stability Program can harm. But the percentage of such cases is so small that this is in no way detract from the merits of the ESP.

Some drivers call the system is not an assistant, but an electronic "collar". Since the system will strongly stop any attempts by "hooliganism" driving. In many machines, the control of the course stability cannot be turned off (except that only the lack of a fuse, but we did not say that!).

Sometimes it prevents the complete realization of the car's power on slippery off-road coatings, but in some ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM machines helps to implement electronic imitation of locks, which has a positive effect on overcoming obstacles with diagonal hanging.

Everyone new carsold in Europe from 2014 should be equipped with an electronic stabilization system, but not all car owners know what the ESP and ESC differ in, and also what the selected option is affected.

ESC (or ESP) is considered by many as one of the greatest achievements in the field of automotive security and motor racing in particular. The principal difference of the stabilization system from such traditional elements passive security Like belts and pillows lies in the fact that they are intended to save lives, as well as the preservation of the health of the driver and the passenger at an accident, but ESC (or ESP) are used.

For reference, ESC is decrypted as Electronic Stability Control ( Electronic control Sustainability), and ESP - Electronic Stability Program (electronic stabilization program). In fact, the goals of both coincide, and research and verification is clearly proven by their effectiveness. According to British specialists who were based on statistical data, ESP equipment helps reduce the risks of a serious transport accident by 25%. At the same time, Swedish researchers tend to believe that this system of active safety helps 35% reduce the likelihood of a fatal accident in bad weather conditions.

This is a gloomy perspective, which, nevertheless, must be undergoing thorough analysis, which is why in Europe at the legislative level consolidated the mandatory equipment of all new ESP cars. Such an initiative was implemented in 2014, until this point, such an important system was only in the list. additional equipmentAvailable sufficiently expensive models. At the same time, the prototype of this electronic system was patented in 1959, and implement it on the mass serial model It was possible only by 1994.

How to work ESP and ESC

With such a number of electronic systems installed in the car, each of which has its own abbreviation, many car owners do not understand completely, in which it is a fundamental difference between them. Even more complicates the situation that various names are used to designate as close to the appointment of actuate security, which in most cases are determined by the manufacturer.

So, ESP (Electronic Stability Program) can be known as ESC (Electronic Stability Control), VSC (Car Stability or Stability System), VSA (VEHICLE STABILITY ASSIST - Currency Stabilization System) or DSC (Dynamic Stability Control - Dynamic Control System Sustainability). Some automakers use their own "brands" to promote ESP, so you may encounter, for example, with DSTC (Dynamic Stability and Traction Control) from or PMS (Porsche Stability Management) from.

So now we decided on possible options titles, let's see how ESP works.

Adding a third security element to ABS and anti-test system

In order to appear the possibility of equipping your car by the ESP system, it must be equipped with ABS (anti-lock brake system) and TCS (Traction Control System - antiscolic system) In the simplest case, the two of these elements of active safety are designed to improve controllability and predictability, as well as maintain control over the car during braking and acceleration, respectively, so their intervention in the management process is reduced only to the control of linear acceleration.

ESP complements them and makes a third controlled measurement, since it is responsible for moving the vehicle in the perpendicular trajectory of the direction of movement, in which such phenomena arise as insufficient or excess turning - skid. In more advanced versions, it is in constant interaction and with electronic block Engine management to maximize the efficiency of its work.

According to statistical data, ESP can prevent up to 80% of banks, which is an excellent indicator, especially against the background of the fact that about 40% of accidents occur due to this phenomenon. Nevertheless, it is worth remembering the words of Scotti from the film Startrel: "You can change the laws of physics!". Of course, the possibilities of active safety systems are not limitless and do not forget about it. If the driver oversteps the border when the loss of control over the car is inevitable, none of the existing systems will prevent serious consequences.

Additional resistance when turning with ESC

Since ESP provides additional safety along with ABS and TCS, you are unlikely to surprise the fact that it uses most of the equipment from these systems to work. Using sensors for measuring the speed of individual wheels, as well as information from the lateral acceleration sensors and transverse speed sensors, the ESP control unit constantly controls the lateral movement of the car and compares them with the steering position. If the machine does not respond to the steering movement, as it is programmed, or the specified angle of rotation, as well as the speed too large, the ESP will begin to slow down the wheels, trying to maintain a straight trajectory of motion. At the same time, braking is carried out with active interaction with, which eliminates the blocking of one of the wheels. The very essence of the work under consideration is to begin to actively promote the process of managing the machine even until the driver understands what begins to lose control.

The system works constantly, regardless of the ride mode, and even when driving. And the mechanism of its influence is completely dependent on the situation and constructive features car. For example, if the beginning of slippage is fixed in a sharp turn rear axis, the electronics begins to smoothly reduce the amount of fuel supplied to the engine, ensuring a decrease in its revolutions. If this is not enough, then the gradual shocking of the front wheels begins. If the car is equipped with automatic transmissionThe ESP allows forcibly activating the winter mode of operation, providing the possibility of transition to reduced transmission.

Additional advantages ESC

Since the ESC is able to slow down the wheels of the car, regardless of the pedal press, it opens up a huge potential for the implementation and introduction of other different security technologies. These include and well-known Brake Assist, designed to reduce brake pathwhich recognizes the situation emergency braking and provides the necessary assistance to the driver. And also Hill Hold Control, the essence of which lies in the help when moving up the mountain by braking the wheels for a couple of seconds after letting the pedal to prevent rolling back. All this is still a few steps near the moment when the electronics completely replaces the driver.

Quite often, the lucky owners of new and modern cars raises the question - what is ESP, why do you need and do you need at all? With this it is necessary to figure out in detail that, in fact, and make further.

Contrary to the common opinion, the car management is not always simple. In particular, this statement is relevant for situations where the trajectory of motion is hampered by various external factors - Whether it is complex road bends or difficult weather conditions. And often both in a closer. The main danger in such cases is a skid, which can cause difficulties with control, and in some points even uncontrolled and unpredictable vehicle movement capable of leading to the accident. And the difficulties may arise from newbies, and already have enough experienced drivers. A special system indicated by the ESP abbreviation is intended to cope with such a problem.

Logo eSP systems

ESP or Electronic Stability Program is the name in the Russian-language version means an electronic system of dynamic stabilization of the car or a different course stability system. In other words, ESP is a component active system Security, which is capable of computer to control the moment of force of one or even simultaneously multiple wheels, thereby eliminating the lateral movement and aligning the position of the car.

Similar electronic devices Released by different companies, but the largest and recognized ESP manufacturer (and precisely under this brand) is the Robert Bosch GmbH concern.

ESP abbreviation is the most common and generally accepted for most European and american carsBut not the only one. W. different carswhere the system of course stability is established, its designations may differ, but the essence and principle of operation does not change.

Example ESP analogs for certain machine brands:

• ESC (Electronic Stability Control) - for Hyundai, Kia, Honda;
• DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) - for Rover, Jaguar, BMW;
• DTSC (Dynamic Stability Traction Control) - for Volvo;
• VSA (VEHICLE STABILITY ASSIST) - for acura and honda;
• VSC (VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL) - for Toyota;
• VDC (Vehicle Dynamic Control) - for Subaru, Nissan and Infiniti.

Surprisingly, the ESP received wide fame did not receive when it was created, but a little later. Yes, even thanks to the scandal in 1997, related to serious shortcomings developed then Mercedes-Benz A-Class. This compact car For the sake of improving comfort, a fairly high body was received, but at the same time high Center severity. Because of this, the car has a tendency to serious rolls, and also underwent risk of overturning when performing a "Perestrovka" maneuver. The issue was resolved on the compact models of the Mercedes system of the course stability. So ESP gained fame.

How the ESP system is arranged

Systems providing security

It consists of a special control unit, external measuring instruments tracking various parameters, and the executing mechanism (hydroblock). If you consider directly the ESP device, it can only perform its functions only in combination with other components of the active car safety system, such as:

• Block preventing systems for braking (ABS);
• Brake force distribution systems (EBD);
• Electronic Differential Blocking System (EDS);
• Anti Personal System (ASR).

Purpose of external sensors Track measurement of the angle of rotation of the steering wheel, braking systems, the position of the accelerator (in fact, the driver's behavior by the wheel) and the features of the car movement. The data obtained is read and arrive at the control unit, which, if necessary, use the executing mechanism associated with other elements of the active security system.

In addition, the control stability system control unit is associated with the engine and automatic transmission and is able to influence their operation when emerging emerging situations.

How ESP works

Car trajectory without ESP

The ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM system constantly analyzes the receiving data on the driver's actions and compares them with real movement car. If ESP will consider that the driver loses control over the machine, then interferes with the control.

Correction of the car course can be achieved:

• With the help of braking certain wheels;
• By changing the engine speed.

What wheels to slow down determines the control unit depending on the situation. For example, when driving a vehicle ESP can slow down the outer front wheel and at the same time changing the engine speed. The latter is achieved by adjusting fuel supply.

Video about ESP

Driver ratio to ESP

Shutdown button ESP

It is not always unambiguous. Many experienced drivers Unhappy with the fact that in some situations, contrary to the desire of a person, the gas is not triggered by the gas pedal. ESP cannot evaluate the qualification of the driver or his desire to "strive", its prerogative to ensure the safe movement of the car in certain situations.

For such drivers, manufacturers usually provide for the ability to disconnect the ESP system, moreover, under certain conditions, they even recommend it to disconnect (for example, on the bulk soil).

In other cases, this system is really needed. And not just novice drivers. In winter, it is not easy without it. And given the fact that, thanks to the spread of this system, the accident rate decreased by about 30%, its "need" is no doubt. However, it is impossible to forget that no matter how effective there was such assistance, 100% of protection it will not provide.