The drive is all! How the SUBARU Subaru is the complete drive characteristic of the full drive.

"Tell about work full drive Subaru, namely - about the distribution of the torque of 60x40. How does he work?"

It's good that the author of the question indicated the ratio (60/40), although it would be better if he also clarified the model, as well as the years of its release. After all, despite the general brand name Symmetrical AWD, on cars stamps Subaru. Depending on the model, the year of production and the market, completely different all-wheel drive transmissions are used!

In order not to confuse readers and do not overload the answer by transfer and describing all possible variations, briefly might basic schemes A full drive used on modern Subaru, and a little more in more detail on the one that seems to us, are interested in the author of the question.

Version S. mechanical box The gears have "honest" permanent four-wheel drive. As a rule, this is a CDG scheme with a symmetrical inter-axis differential, which is blocked using the Viscounts. Consider clean mechanics supplemented by hydraulics without any electronic control. Some models, in particular Forester, also set the rear inter-wheeled differential, which is blocked by the Viscounts. In addition, a number of models uses a lower transmission.

But "charged" WRX STI equipped with an asymmetric differential, which ensures the redistribution of torque in favor of the rear wheels. The ratio depends on the generation of "poems", but is at 41:59 - 35:65. In this case, the "center" has a variable (forcibly or automatically) degree of blocking using an electromagnetic coupling. This system is known called Driver Controlled Center Differential (DCCD). On the rear axisIn addition, the "self-block" is installed.

For "charged" versions of Subaru with automatic transmission (the same Impreza WRX. STI, as well as the Forester S-Edition and Legacy GT) at one time a scheme was proposed, called Variable Torque Distribution AWD (VTD). It uses an asymmetrical planetary differential (45:55 in favor of the rear wheels), which is blocked using an electronically controlled multi-handed clutch. As an option in the rear intercole differential, the Viscounts can also be installed.

Finally, Subaru with automatic transmissions and Lineatronic variators are equipped with a full drive system with an active Active Torque Split AWD (ACT) torque distribution. Apparently, it is about her who asks our reader. Depending on the generation and year of issue, there are certain constructive differencesBut the principle of action ACT remains unchanged.

In contrast to the above-mentioned circuits of the inter-axis differential, there is no, the electronic-controlled coupling is responsible for the transmission of torque to the rear wheels. Well, most importantly - Such Subaru have more "front-wheel drive" character on how many coatings, since the ratio under normal conditions here 60:40 in favor of the front wheels!

At the same time, the redistribution of thrust depends on a number of parameters (the selected box mode, the speed of rotation of the front and rear wheels, the position of the "gas" pedal, etc.), on the basis of which the control unit and "decides", how hard the clutches and how many points Throw on the rear axle. Therefore, the ratio varies in real time and may vary from 90:10 - 60:40 in favor of the front axle. By the way, the rear inter-wheeled differential on a number of models can also be equipped with an ussociation as an automatic lock.

To say that Subaru with ACT has a "unreal" four-wheel drive: unlike many models of other brands with a plug-in rear axis, it always comes to the rear wheels. But before the "equal" ratio of 50:50 still does not reach, in general on slippery coatings such cars are managed somewhat differently than the version with a mechanical differential. However, all these features are disclosed in far from standard modes of movement, and in "civil" even experienced driver It is unlikely to determine which of Symmetrical AWD variations is used.

Ivan Krishkevich
website

You have questions? We have to have answers. The topics you are interested in qualifying or specialists, or our authors - the result you will see the site on the site.

Quick transition to sections

The world premiere of the Subaru XV crossover, created on the basis of the Subarovsk Impreza model, took place in 2011 and today this car firmly settled in the ranks of urban SUVs.

The road lumen does not happen much, especially in our conditions.

Therefore, it is worth getting acquainted with the crossover, but who has this very road lumen at the maximum. This is a new subaru XV, which has a clearance of 220 mm. This car, as well as Subaru Forester., Built on the platform of the new Impreza. He is a little less "forester", but ground clearance He has exactly the same. Plus a mandatory four-wheel drive. After all, it is Subaru!

Why does the car have such an impressive distance between the road and the body? Ask it for those who live outside the city and overcoming kilometers every day is not the most best roads. Also on this question will be answered by those who live in the city, but on those street where there is no asphalt.

Alternative option

However, the ground clearance is not the only criterion when choosing universal car. After all, if it were so, there was no alternative to an alternative to an SUV, but there is such an alternative. Subaru XV on off-road abilities can give odds to many frames, and as for behavior on the asphalt and fuel consumption, then almost any comparison will be in favor of the crosser.

In order to be better understood by the dimensions of Subaru XV, we give the data "Forester". XV 15 cm in short and 12 cm below, but they have almost the same wheel base. In fact, no one will feel the difference of 5 mm in practice, and therefore, the Subaru XV salon is almost the same spacious as Forester.

Specifications

• Length: 4450 mm
• Width: 1780 mm
• Height: 1615 mm
• Wheel base: 2635 mm
• Curb weight: 1415 kg
• Clearance: 22 cm
• Trunk volume: 310/1210 liters

The difference in length is noticeable only in the volume of the trunk. If the Forester is 505 liters, then the Subaru XVI has only 310. On the other hand, for most compact five-dimensional, quite a normal indicator. Of course, the trunk can be enlarged four times, if folded rear seats. For a car with a full drive, there is always an overall kidding with which you need to make an excursion to nature.

Yes, the backs of the rear sofa are not regulated here on the corner of the tilt. But the landing here is more adven, than on Forester and this makes it possible to move with greater confidence on asphalt. This subaru is able to take turns at such a speed that is worthy of the best passenger representatives of premium brands.

The fact that the car is a road lumen at 22 cm is absolutely not felt. And it is clear why. The opposite engine traditionally allows you to make the center of gravity lower than that of other cars. Plus a permanent four-wheel drive and a very competent customized system currency stability.

As for engines, we have subaru XV available with two engines, both gasoline. The volume of the base unit is 1600 "cubes". In it 114 hp

But much more interesting, of course, a two-liter engine, in which one and a half hundreds of autoskakunov. With him, overclocking from place to first hundreds takes 10.5 sec., Yes, and fuel consumption in a mixed cycle less than 8 liters per 100 km. And this is what's interesting: this indicator at the version with an automatic transmission is better than that of the machine with a 6-speed mechanic.

Engines:

• 1.6-liter gasoline
• Power 114 hp
• Torque: 150 nm
• Maximum speed: 179 km / h
• Overclocking time up to 100 km / h: 13.1 s

• 2-liter petrol
• Power 150 hp
• Torque: 198 nm
• Maximum speed: 187 km / h
• Overclocking time up to 100 km / h: 10.7 s
• Middle fuel consumption: 6.5 l per 100 km

Features of the variator

The reason is simple: here, as well as on the Forester of a new generation, not a classic machine, but a variator LineArtronic. That is, switching gear, as such, there is no, but there is a constantly unreavent thrust in almost the entire revolutions. Some, characteristic of the variator, suction is available, but it is sinking in a specific pleasant sound. opposite Engine. Especially if this motor is twisted.

By the way, if desired, the variator provides the ability to switch transmissions and in manual mode, and not only the selector, but also with submissive petals. Although, honestly, the variator copes perfectly and without driver tips.

According to the standards of the class at Subaru XV, a fairly spacious interior. Especially if you compare with competitors crossovers. It immediately feels the advantage of the fact that the car is built on the basis passenger car. And the landing is more convenient, and the controls are all at hand.

The interior, of course, is not as elegant as the "Forster", but the quality of finishing materials is also at the height. Front panel of soft plastic. Seats, although they seem ordinary, actually very tenaciously hold the driver and passengers in turns.

Audio system, climate control, electric windows - all this is already "in the database". But there is non-invoice access to the salon, the engine start button, leather seat upholstery, rain and light sensors, as well as two-zone climate controls believe only top equipment. It also will also take a lot of functional color, the same as on Forester, with a dynamic picture and a connected rear view chamber.

Complete drive system

Subaru XV is only all-wheel drive. True, the "four four" scheme here can be different. It all depends on the engine and transmission. The most off-road, oddly enough, version with an engine of 1.6 liters and mechanical transmission. It has an inter-axis self-locking differential and reduced transmission. So, if you plan more or less regular adoption of real mud baths, it is better to stop your choice on this version.

In the machines with the variator its diagram of a symmetric full drive, with the active distribution of torque. By default, 60% of the thrust is transmitted to the wheels of the front axle, and 40% - to the rear. But for better clutch wheels with expensive and better handling, this ratio can vary almost instantly and very flexible. This is the reason for the feeling of confidence that each driver appears, which has been driving Subaru.

Mandatory for all versions XV is a system of course stability. By the way, in all equipment, except for the basic, Subaru XV is equipped with front side and curtain aerobags. On the european tests This crossover received the highest rating - five stars. Moreover, it was this car that was called "the safest for children of passengers."

Subaru XV really universal machinewhich is equally well to cope with almost all the tasks faced by cars in operation in our conditions. It is comfortable in the city, ruling gorgeous on the track and is not afraid of moderate off-road.

To date, a variety of car drive systems are known. Consider the two most common versions on the example of Subaru cars, because some of them have a common name and designation. There are several different versions of the full SUBARU AWD drive.

All similar models (except for the SUBARU BRZ rear-wheel drive compartment) have a standard symmetrical all-wheel drive AWD. The name is general, but four of its modifications of all-wheel drive systems are used.

Standard System of Complete Drive Based on Inter-Self-Claimed Differential and Viscounts (CDG)

Most people believe that this category of systems is associated with a full drive. It is very common in the machines of a similar brand, which has a manual transmission. This model It is a symmetric configuration of the full drive, under normal conditions, the torque is in the ratio of the front and rear axle 50 to 50.

When the car is slipped, the differential, which is located between the axes, is able to send to 80% of the torque to the front axle, such a function provides good grip Tires with road web. The Viscounts are used by a similar differential in order to be able to respond to a mechanical difference in tire clutch with an expensive without computer participation.

You can see the type of full CDG drive to be seen by the Subaru Forester car having a six-speed gearbox.

This drive is used for a long time, and the appearance new version Next year means only that it disappears far from soon. The model is a reliable and simple full drive system that can provide quite safe Rugging When using accessible thrust.

It should be noted that the type of CDG full drive can be seen on cars Subaru Impreza. 2014 with a two-liter engine, as well as on XV Crosstrek having a five-speed mechanical transmission, on Ouback and Forester, having a six-speed gearbox.

Full drive system with variable torque distribution for vehicles with automatic transmission (VTD)

It is very important to note that the SUBARU concern began to translate most of his vehicle With the standard automatic on a stepless transmission (CVT). At the same time, you can still meet cars with such a system.

The symmetric four-wheel drive, which implies the use of variable torque distribution, each can detect on TRIBECA (with an engine 3.6i and possessing 6 cylinders, as well as a 5-speed gearbox), Outback and Legacy. Here is the shift of torque in the direction of the rear axle in the proportion of 45 to 55. Instead of an inter-axis differential with a Viscounts, a multi-discovery will be applied here. hydraulic clutchwhich will be combined with the differential of the planetary version.

When slipping is detected, signals from sensors, which are set to measure the wheelchair, as well as the brake force and the position of the flap located near the throttle. In this case, the torque will be located along the axes evenly (50 to 50) to ensure the maximum clutch of the wheels with the surface of the asphalt.

Fully mechanical viscous food is much easier and more flexible. The VTD system has an advantage in the fact that it has an active, and not a reactive component, this achieves a high speed of torque movement between the axes, the mechanical system cannot boast.

Full drive system with active torque distribution (ACT)

New SUBARU models already use the third version of the full drive systems. In particular, it has many similarities with previous version - also implies the use of an electronic-managed multi-disc system in relation to 60 to 40 with a torque displacement on the front axle.

Type of full actuator ACT apply on models Subaru Legacy. 2014

Also, this AWD B has an active distribution of torque, called ACT. Thanks to the original multidiscory coupling of such a moment with control using electronics, the distribution of the torque between the axes in the real flow mode corresponds to the vehicle movement conditions.

Such a full drive system allows you to increase both stability and economy of the machine. The type of full actuator ACT is used on SUBARU XV Crosstrek, Legacy 2014, Outback 2014, WRX and WRX STI 2015 models.

Complete Drive System with Multi-Memorial Differential (DCCD)

In addition to the full drive systems described above, other variants of a symmetric full drive, which are no longer used on SUBARU vehicles, which are no longer applied now. But the last system that we mention today is a system that is used on the WRX STI.

This system uses two inter-line differentials. One is controlled electronicly and provides on-board computer Subaru good Control over the distribution of torque between axes. The other is a mechanical device that can more quickly respond to external influences than its electronic "colleague". The benefit of the driver, ideally, here in the use of the best of the electronic proactive and mechanical reacting "world".

Speaking in general, these differentials naturally use their differences - being harmoniously combined by the planetary transmission - but the driver can shift the system towards any of the inter-sieve differentials with electronic system DRIVER CONTROLLED CENTER DIFFERENTIAL (DCCD) - "Retail Differential, driver-driven".

The distribution of the torque for DCCD systems is 41:59 with offset towards the rear axle. This full drive system focused on ensuring maximum sound characteristicsFor serious sports.

Torque distribution on the sides

While we found out how modern Subaru distribute the torque between the front and rear axles, but as about the distribution of the moment between the wheels, between the left and the right side? Both on the front and on the rear axle you, as a rule, detect the standard open type differential (i.e. not subject to blocking). More powerful models (such as WRX and LEGACY 3.6R models) are often supplied with high friction differential on the rear axle to improve the grip of the wheels on the rear axle when turning.

WRX STI is also supplied with high friction differential on the front axle, for the maximum clutch of all wheels with the surface. The latest WRX 2015 and WRX STI 2015 also use the torque-based torque-based distribution systems, which slow down the inner wheel when turning to provide power to the outdoor side when turning and reduce the rotation radius.

After the previous materials were considered quite detailed 4WD schemes used on Toyota It was found that the information vacuum is still felt with other brands. Let's first take the full drive of Subaru cars, which many call "the most real, advanced and correct."

Mechanical boxes of us, according to tradition, are interested in little. Especially with them, everything is rather transparently - from the second half of the 90s Subaru on mechanics have an honest four-wheel drive with three differentials (the inter-axis is blocked by a closed ukivatte). Of negative Parties It is worth mentioning too complicated design, resulting from the combination of longitudinally installed engine And the initial front drive. As well as the refusal of subarovets from the further mass use of this undoubtedly useful thing as a lower transmission. On single "sports" versions, there is a strongly advanced manual transmission with "electron-controlled" inter-axis differential, where the driver can change the degree of blocking the degree of its lock on the go ...

But we will not be distracted. IN automatic transmissions The currently used subaru uses two main types of 4WD.

1. Active awd.

This option has long been installed on the overwhelming majority of Subaru (with TZ1 type automatic transmission). In fact, this "full" drive is the same "honest", like Toyotovski V-Flex or ATC - the same connected rear wheels And the same principle of Tod (Torque on Demand). There is no inter-axis differential, and the rear drive turns on the hydromechanical clutch in the distribution - backwards from ~ 10% of the effort under normal conditions (if you do not attract it to the inner friction in the coupling) to almost 50% in the limit state.

Although the Subarovsk scheme has some advantages in the working algorithm in front of other types of 4WD connected. Let it be small, but the moment when working A-AWD (unless the system is disabled forced) is still transmitted backwards constantly, and not only when the front wheels slip is more useful and more efficient. Thanks to the hydromechanic, redistribute the effort (although it is said too loudly to "redistribute" - it is possible to simply select part) it is possible more accurate than in an electromechanical ATC - A-AWD is able to work slightly and in turns, and when accelerating-braking, and it will be constructively. The likelihood of a sharp spontaneous "appearance" of the rear drive in turn with the subsequent uncontrollable "flight" is reduced (there is such a danger of machines with the windows of the rear wheels).

To improve the "oscillate" qualities, Subaru often sets in the rear differential of models with A-AWD automatic locking mechanism ( viscous clutch, "cam differential" - see about him below).

2. VTD AWD.

VTD diagram (VARIABLE TORQUE DISTRIBUTION) applies to less mass versions with automatic boxes Type TV1 (and TZ102Y, in the case of Impreza WRX GF8) - as a rule, the most powerful in the gamma. Here with "honesty" everything is in order - a complete drive is really constant, with an inter-axis differential (blocked by a hydromechanical clutch). By the way, according to the same principle, I also worked from the mid-80s to Toyotovsky 4WD on the boxes A241H and A540H, but now, alas, it remained only on source-rear-wheel drive models (four-wheel drive like FullTime-H or I-Four).

In each Avenue dedicated to VTD, it is indicated that "the moment is divided between the front and rear wheels in the 45/55 ratio. And it is necessary, many in fact begin to believe that the rear-wheel drive leads to 55% on the highway. It should be understood that these numbers are an abstract indicator. When the machine moves in a straight line and all the wheels rotate at the same speed, then inter-seed differentialNaturally, it does not work out, and the moment is clearly divided between the axes in half. And what do 45 and 55 mean? Just only the transfer numbers in the planetary row of differential. If the front wheels are fully stopped to fully stop, then the driver also stops, and the gear ratio between the rear drive shaft and the input shaft of the disperse will be the same 55/100, that is, 55% of the moment developed by the engine will go back (differential will work as a higher transmission. ). If the rear wheels are frosted, then a 45% of the moment will go through the drill of the differential. Of course, the presence of blocking is not taken into account, and in general ... in reality, the distribution of moments is the magnitude of constantly floating and far from unambiguous.

VTD Subaru usually makes a fairly advanced VDC system (Vehicle Dynamic Control), in our opinion - a system of course stability. When you start, its integral part, TCS (Traction Control System), slows down the axle wheel and slightly encourages the engine (first, the ignition advance angle, secondly, even by disconnecting the part of the nozzles). On the go works classic dynamic stabilization. Well, thanks to the ability to arbitrarily slow down any of the wheels, VDC emulates (mimics) the blocking of the intercole differential. Of course, this is great, but it is not necessary to seriously rely on the possibility of such a system - so far no one of the automakers succeeds even closer to the "electronic lock" to traditional mechanics for reliability and, most importantly, efficiency.

3. "V-FLEX"
It is probably worth mentioning about 4WD used on small models with variator boxes (like Vivio and Pleo). Here the scheme is even easier - permanent front-wheel drive And the "connected" viscous coupling when the front wheels slip the rear axle.

About cam differential

1 - separator, 2 - guide cams,
3 - Thrust Bearing, 4 - Differential Case, 5 - washer, 6 - hub

We have already said that english language Under the notion of LSD, all self-locking differentials fall, but in our tradition so usually referred to as the system with the Viscounts. Frequently used on Subaru rear LSD differential is built in different - it can be called "friction, cam type". The tough connection between the leading gear differential and the semi-axes here is actually no difference in angular speed The rotation is provided by slipping one semi-axis relative to the other, and the "blocking" is laid in the principle of operation itself.

The separator rotates with the differential housing. Mounted on the "swords" separator can move in the transverse direction. The protrusions and depressions of the cams (let's call them) together with the swords form the transmission of rotation, like the chain.

If the resistance on the wheels is equally, the keys do not slip and both semi-axis rotate at the same speed. If the resistance on one wheel is significantly more, then the knaps begin to slide along the depression and protrusions of the corresponding cam, yet trying to turn it towards the separator rotation. In contrast to the differential of the planetary type, the speed of rotation of the second halfway does not increase (that is, if one wheel is still motionless, the second will not twice faster than the differential body).

It will be possible or the machine with such a differential "leave on one wheel" - is determined by the current balance between the resistance to the semi-axis, the speed of rotation of the body, the amount of force being transmitted back and friction in the pair of a sponge cam. However, this design is not obviously "outside" -ward.