Find out what a brief combination of letters in the name of the car. German diploma: What do BMW index mean bonus indexes

By asking the question: "Abbreviation is what?" Is worth paying attention to the interpretations given in the dictionaries. The term is literally understood as a reduction, but in writing it occupies a certain place, namely, it is the formation of a single inseparable lexical design from the capital letters or the first syllables of the word group. As a rule, it concerns the names of organizations, regulatory designations of documentation (including legal), but there are also conducive expressions. The latter are often slangious expressions or professionalism, which are characteristic of a small environment, and therefore are not applied officially.

The emergence of the term

The word "abbreviation" is (which relates to morphology) "Reduction". The term originates in Latin (Brevis - briefly), but the usual sound he acquired in Italian. In modern literature, all abbreviated words include this concept, however, they should traditionally consider exceptionally comprehensive groups of words. Thus, the abbreviation is something publicly available and widely applicable. Private cases of formation of morphological construction, adopted in individual editions or articles, are necessarily explained by the text to eliminate the distortion of meaning and confusion.

History of application

Abbreviations are found even in the most ancient written sources. A bright example can be reductions found in the documents of the ancient Romans and Greeks. It is known that they were alone of the first elements used in the methods of cursor. Another example of using abbreviations began the inscriptions on coins.

After a wide distribution in the Middle Ages, the first abbreviated expressions that were used in everyday life appeared in the Middle Ages. The contracture method, in other words, to reduce individual words with the help of initial letters and ending, was used in Greece to write sacred names. This system subsequently borrowed the Romans to denote various concepts. To understand, it is necessary to determine the context of its application.

Usal scope

Usually in domestic situations are used by usable simple contractions. They are formed from short phrases or abbreviated words. The essence of the first lies in the passing of irrelevant speech members, which are easily reproduced, based on context and communication with the auxiliary verbs, parts of speech, etc.

In the letter, they are used only if necessary, because in specific papers, which are intended for use by third parties, especially when it comes to print publications, readers may not know what the abbreviation means. Separate cases can act as exceptions. Scientific works, as well as quotes, technicians, bibliographic instructions, etc. must contain a minimum of abbreviations. Separate cases of application in sciences are an urgent need.

Decoding abbreviation

In fact, the same set of letters can designate completely different phrases. For example, how to decipher ASK abbreviation? First, it can be a reduction in one word. In particular, a scientific term is suitable, denoting a bag for the spioning of mushrooms. In this case, the full option is the Greek word ASCOS (ASKOS), which is literally translated as a "bag".

Secondly, the word may be a reduction applicable in a particular medium as a slang expression. "Askorutin" and Asket can also be designated as a medical preparation and hermit in a wide range, but groups of people who come across the need to often use these words can deliberately reduce them to speed up communicative interaction with oral communication or for skitting when it comes to private notes. .

Thirdly, ASK can be decrypted as:

• architectural and construction college;
• agricultural gardening cooperative;
• abstineent syndrome in a smokers.

As you can see, in the latter case, "y" is descended when drawing up reduction. So for different concepts One in the form of an abbreviation is responsible. This applies to the most common cases, but in private versions, the abbreviation may contain complex words and highly specialized terms.

BMW serially issued with rare exceptions have always had digital-letter names. Suffixes in the form of letters and words after numbers not only give more complete characteristic The engine, but also carry information about the type of actuator, body, the length of the base ... Here are the most relevant of these characters:

A (abolished) \u003d automatic transmission,

C (abolished) \u003d body "coupe",

C \u003d convertible,

D \u003d diesel engine,

E \u003d car with wide use of energy saving technologies,

EDRIVE \u003d rechargeable hybrid car using gasoline and electric engines,

EfficientDynamics Edition - a car with a wide use of energy saving technologies,

G \u003d Engine operating on a compressed natural gas,

Hydrogen - hydrogen engine,

BMW 2002 Automatic.

I \u003d. injector system Fuel supply,

L \u003d elongated wheeled base

S (abolished) \u003d sport car (also used to denote the 2-door body BMW 3rd series E36),

Sdrive \u003d drive to rear wheels

T / TURBO \u003d turbocharging,

T / Touring \u003d Universal,

Ti (abolished) \u003d 3-door hatchback designation BMW E36 Compact,

X / xDrive \u003d four-wheel drive.

Letters

The Active Hybrid line model is a mansion ( hybrid carsusing gasoline and electric motors). It includes Active Hybrid 3, Active Hybrid 5 and Active Hybrid 7, relating to the corresponding BMW series.

BMW ActiveHybrid 7.

There is also a prefix in the form of the letter M, meaning that the car has the components created by the BMW M GmbH division. It should not be confused by full-f-models and machines that have options in the form of styling, modified suspension, brakes and other parts that were developed in M \u200b\u200bGmbH.

The M-models in the name have only the letter M and the number following it, denoting the belonging to the series, for example, M3, M5, M6. Exception - M-versions of the Z3 and Z3 Coupe machines called BMW M Roadster and BMW M Coupe, as well as 1m Coupe, built on the basis of "units" BMW E82. Cars with M-accessories are characterized by the prefix M before the usual digital name: M 550D XDrive, M550i.

BMW M5.

Numbers

With numbers in the name everything is not easy. As mentioned, the reflection of the approximate volume of the engine in liters in the names of the machines was fixed only in the late 50s - early 60s. Thus, the "isetta" 250 was content with a modest 250-cubic motor, BMW 3200 cs had a 3.2-liter 6-cylinder engine, and BMW 1600 - 1.6-liter 4-cylinder. The machines on the attacks below the BMW 1600-2 class (subsequently BMW 1602) and the BMW 2002 were equipped with 1.6-liter and 2-liter motors, respectively, and the number 2 at the end meant the presence of two doors.

As expanding model Row It became clear that such a system does not allow to distinguish the classes of machines when using the same volume engines. Then the new "five" with the E12 index introduced new standard Of the three digits: the first denotes the internal corporate class of the machine, the latter, as before, is the approximate volume of the engine in liters. Now the "five" with an engine of 1,990 cubic centimeters was called BMW 520i, and the motor in 2,788 "cubes" belonged to BMW 528i.

BMW 520i

The slender system, as in the case of C, violated the emergence of a turbocharger. But if Stuttgarters faced problems only at the very end of the twentieth century, then Bavarians - for a couple of decades earlier.

A pair of modifications "Seven" E23 1979 was called 732i (6-cylinder engine with a volume of 3,210 cubic centimeters) and 735i (3,430 "cubes" rounded for some reason, but the eyes can be closed on this inaccuracy).

In 1980 he began bMW release 745i. Do you think she was equipped with a 4.5-liter engine? As if not like this: it was a motor from 732i with a turbocharger. Nevertheless, to underline greater performance and high-cost cars new version The representative sedan was deliberately assigned the "wrong", the highlightest index. By the way, in 1983 she had an engine from 735i with a turbocharger, but the index remained the same, 745i.

BMW 735i

However, an understatement of the real volume of the engine happened. So, the BMW E30 316I from 1982 to 1987 was produced with a motor volume of 1,766 cubic centimeters, and the status coupe of the 8th series was constantly modest: BMW 840ci C 1995 to 1999 was offered with 4.4-liter engine, 850ci was driven by 5.4-liter Motor, and flagship 850csi - as 5.6-liter.

Nevertheless, last years 10 cases of "fraud" with indexes frequent. Consider several examples. "Unit" BMW 130i was produced from 2005 to 2013, 125i - from 2008 to 2013. It would be possible to assume that at least 125i had a smaller engine than in 130i, but in reality the same Motor N52B30 was used in different degrees of force - 218 hp. For 125i and 265 (258 C 2009) for 130i. Of course, from the point of view of marketing, the owner of 130i had to please and demonstrate the superiority of a more powerful version of "units" over a less powerful in the form of a sign on the trunk lid. For the same reason, the indices of the current F20 114i, 116i, 120i are separated, which are aggregated with a 1.6-liter turbocharged engine N13B16.

BMW 125i

BMW E63 among a number of modifications had 635D and 630i. The latter was cheapest (if this word is generally applicable to the premium Coupe of the Grand Trampamo class) among all versions of the 6th series, its engine volume was 2,996 cubic centimeters. At the most expensive 635D motor volume of 2,993 "Cube", i.e. formally less than 630i, but diesel power even after updating gasoline motor It remained more on the symbolic 14 hp I think you do not need to explain why the index of the diesel version is greater than that of gasoline ...

There are completely curious cases. You can guess that the BMW F30 320i and 328i are equipped with different variants of the same 2-liter gasoline engine. In addition, there are 320D and 328d. The nuance is that the engines in these machines are identical, but 328d is sold in the American market, under the tastes of buyers whose and "sharpen" name. After all, residents of the states do not complain cars with small motors ...

What is the result?

Unconditionally trust the numbers in the designation of the models now it is impossible. They turned into rather abstract values \u200b\u200bpointing only to the fact that within one series of a model with a smaller number in the index is less powerful than with large. Fortunately, in the letter prefix and suffixes, the truth is still true ...

I got a student who is engaged in science. And in science without abbreviations nowhere. Yes, and in ordinary written speech, including fiction, not to mention specialized, contractions like E.G., I.E. or all familiar etc. Darkness. Some of them came from Latin, but most are just abbreviations in English words. I offer you a list of the most frequently used abbreviations (places with examples and notes):

A.d. (Anno Domini) - year of our era
B.C. (Before Christ) - year BC
Please note that AD is placed in front of the date (AD64), BC after (300bc); When specifying the century and the other comes after Numenual (Second Century AD, Fourth Century BC)

approx. (Approximately / Approximate) - approximately approximately approximate

aVG. (Average) - medium, on average

cA. (Circa - /? s3? k? /) - approximately approximately: e.G. "People First Came to the Area CA 1700."

cENT. (Century, Centuries) - Century, century

cF. (Confer, Compare) - see also, Wed, link, often found in books

cO. (column) - column

cONT (D). (Continued) - continued. This reduction can have a different value depending on the context, for example, Contained, Contents, Contraction, Continent etc.

cTR. (center) - center, central d. (DIED, DIED IN) - Died: e.G. "The Dean Of The University At That Time Was Sir James Stone (D. 1965)."

eD. (edited, Edition) - ed., Edition, published

e.G. (Exempli Gratia - for example) - for example. Please note that this cut is read exactly as "for example"! No unauthorized "and ji": e.G. "You can Use Different Adjectives to Describe It, E.G. Wonderful, Beautiful, Amazing or Splendid."

eSP. (Especially) - especially: e.G. "I Like Ice-Cream, ESP. Pistachio-Flavoured Ice-Cream."

eST (D). (Established / estimate) - based; Calculated, Evaluation: e.G. "He worked in td McGuire Est. 1987"; "HE Received Est. $ 10mln."

et al. (et alii) - and others (in the bibliography "with co-authors")

incl. (including) - including: E.G. "They Put Everything in One Box, Incl. Books on Chaucer."

hr. (Hours) - hour, hours: E.G. "This car canravert 230 km / hr."

max., min. (Maximum, Minimum) - maximum minimum

misc. (Miscellaneous) - Other: e.G. "The Shelf Was Full of Misc. Objects."

n.A.: 1) Not Applicable - not applicable to this case, does not apply: e.G. "This Formula Shows The General Law (N.A. in Acid Environment)";
2) not available, non-available - not available, no data

NB. (Nota Bene - Note Particularly) - note Ben, mark "Note Good, take note"

No. (Number) - number: E.G. "I GAVE HIM A MUG WITH THE TEXT" I Am Dad No.1 "."

pREV. (Previous) - Previous: e.G. "See prev. Page for more information."

pt. (Part) - Part: e.G. "You can Look it up in Quantum Physics Pt. II."

qt. (Quantity / Quart) - quantity; quart

rESP. (Respectively) - respectively: E.G. "Basic Earnings Increased 40% and 39% to $ 0.55 and $ 0.54 Resp."

sTD. (Standard) - Standard, Standard

vs. (Versus) - against: e.G. "We Went To See Alien vs. Predator"

w / (WITH) - C: e.G. "Add Sugar W / Cinnamon to The Batter."

w / O. (WITHOUT) - without: e.G. "There You Can Order Sandwiches W / O Mayo."

Perhaps, many modern motorists do not drive in a dead end, which denotes the abbreviation V6 or DOHC in the name of the car. But in addition, there are still a number of abbreviations that are less common, however, we believe that information on a brief designation of the type of engine, body, drive, etc. will be useful to you and interesting.

• 4motion. - Four-wheel drive through a multid-wide Haldex coupling (on Volkswagen)
• 4matic. - Permanent four-wheel drive on Mercedes
• quattro. - all-wheel drive (on Audi)
• AMG - German Tuniga Atelier. Currently, the world's famous division of Mercedes-Benz on finishing, preparation for sports competitions and tuning of models of German auto giant.
• biturbo. - Turboculant system consisting of two consistently included turbines. In such a system, 2 turbines are used, one small size is another large.
• TDI - turbocharged diesel
• SDI - Atmospheric diesel (Volkswagen)
• CDI -Common Diesel Injection
• Twinturbo. - In this system, in contrast to the bi-turbo system, two identical turbines are used. Accordingly, the performance of such a system is 2 times more than a system consisting of one turbine, with the use of 2 small turbines that will be equal to one large, then the effect of lowering the lag can be achieved when identical performance.
• CRDI - Comon Rail Deisel Injection. The first version of Mersa, the second of Hydaya, denote direct injection diesel fuel. This is an injector for diesel.
• FSI So denotes folks engines with direct injection Fuel
• GTI - Gran Turismo Injection, GTI - initially modification of the golf. There was meant "granturizmo, injector" (second - at the time cool). Today is the class of compact high-speed cars, as a rule, also well-equipped. In short, convenient compact machines for active premunion, including over long distances.
• Kompressor. - This is Mercedes-Benz technology, and translated into Russian literally, it refers to a compressor (or compressor in English). This is an option installed on a series of models, and is a turbine resulting in motion of the power of the engine. Accordingly, the designation, for example, C180 Kompressor is equipped with a turbocharger.
• RS. Many of many manufacturers are decrypted as RallySport, Audi Rennsport.
• V6. - These are engines with an angle of collapse between the rows of more than 15 degrees
• VR6. - These are engines at the same time and V-sample and rank, the corner of the collapse of 15 degrees
• R6. - Inline engine. On BMW-Li is a surprised version (only on 7ki)
• Dohc. - Double Overhead Camshaft - abbreviation, indicating the quantity and location of the camshafts.
• Vtec. - Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control - Hondovskaya Phase Change System
  Timing distribution.
• GTI-R. - All-wheel drive turbocharged hatch Nissan Pulsar / Sunny of the first half of the 90s.
• GT-Four. - Toyotovsky cars with fully drive (Four) and (GT) at the same time; An example is the old rally Selik.
• GSI. - Sport modifications of Opels.
• OPC. - Sports modifications of Opels, made lately in the OpelperFormansCentre department
• St. On New Fords - Sport Tecnologies, such as such a European division for the development and compensation of charged machines.
• RS. For Fordes - Product Ford Team RS (RallySport), European Ralone Department; This nameplate did not appear on the machines, not related to the rally, it is the privilege of machines such as Escort RS Cosworth, although in the future everything can change.
• R / T. - Road.

Bonus. English names of some car elements

1. ABSORBER - shock absorber
2. Accelerator - accelerator
3. Accumulator - Battery
4. Battery - battery
5. Blinker - Pointer of rotation
6. Body - Body
7. Bonnet - Hood
8. Boot - Trunk
9. Brake - Brake
10. Brake Light - Stop Signal
11. Bulbs - Lamps
12. Bumper - Bumper
13. CAB - Cab
14. Cabriolet - Convertible
15. Carburettor - Carburetor
16. Chassis - Chassis
17. Clutch - Clutch
18. COMPONENTS - DETAILS
19. Cooling System - Cooling System
20. CRANKSHAFT - crankshaft
21. Cylinder - Cylinder
22. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM - electrical system
23. Engine - Engine
24. Gas Tank - Petrol
25. Gear - Transfer
26. Gear Box - Transmission
27. Gear-Change SHIFT LEVER - gear shift lever
28. Handbrake - hand brake
29. Hatch-back - hatchback
30. Headlights - Front Lights
31. Horn - Signal
32. Ignition - Ignition
33. Inner Tube - Camera (wheels)
34. Jack - jack
35. Jeep - Jeep
36. Limousine - Limousine
37. Luggage Rack - Trunk
38. Motor - Engine
39. OIL - oil
40. Oil Pump - Oil Pump
41. Pedal - Pedal
42. Piston - Piston
43. PUMP - Pump
44. Quarter Light - Fortochka (in Auto)
45. Radiator - radiator
46. \u200b\u200bREAR WHEEL - rear wheel
47. Screwdriver - Dumping
48. Sedan - Sedan
49. Shock-absorber - shock absorber
50. Spare Parts - Spare Parts
51. Spark Plug - Ignition Candle
52. Speedometer - Speedometer
53. Spring - Spring
54. Starter - Starter
55. STEERING-WHEEL - steering wheel
56. Suspension - Suspension
57. Tail-Light - rear headlamp
58. Tire - Tire
59. Tool - Tool
60. Trailer - Trailer
61. TRANSMISSION - Gearbox
62. Trunk - Trunk
63. Turn Indicator - Running Index
64. TYRE - Tires
65. Universal - Universal
66. Van - van
67. Wheel - Wheel
68. Windscreen - Windshield
69. WINDSCREEN WIPER - Wiper, wipers
70. Windshield - Windshield