How to set up the ignition. Correct adjustment of the ignition system on VAZ cars How to set the ignition yourself

09.11.2019

On VAZ 2106 car models, the ignition system remained unchanged until 1980. Then, in the design of the VAZ 21065, a contactless transistor ignition interrupter circuit was implemented for the first time. However, practically on most model versions of the “six” a contact ignition system (CSI) was installed. Electromechanical system ignition with opening of distributor contacts is considered traditional for the classic VAZ 2106. It provides for opening contact group using the ignition distributor R-125B.

The invariability of the ignition system gives a lot of experience in its correct installation and adjustment. Photo: el-ab.ru

How the ignition system works on the VAZ 2106

The system consists of the following components:

ignition switch;
distributor;
coils;
high/low voltage wires;
4 candles.

Egnition lock VK347 in position “I” connects the battery to the ignition system; in key position “II” the engine starts from the starter.

Breaker-distributor (distributor)– connects 1-3-4-2 spark plugs to the coil in the order of cylinder operation. Creates an advanced ignition moment (in the compression stage) fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. Initially, the VAZ model was equipped with a R-125B with a mechanical octane corrector, but it had a small range of adjustments.

Since 1986, they began to install a breaker equipped with a vacuum ignition timing regulator model 30.3706.

Coil represents a step-up 2-winding transformer that creates high-voltage pulses with voltages over 10 kV. Typically, a B 117-A reel is used, equipped with an open-type magnetic circuit.

Wires transmit high/low voltage voltage to actuators and spark plug elements of the system.

Candles A17 DV or analogues create a spark (the gap between the electrodes is 0.5–0.6 mm) from the supplied impulse voltage in the combustion chamber.

Electric current flows through the ignition system circuit: plus (+) battery→ ignition switch → coil → distributor → spark plugs.

When ignition adjustment is required

Correctly setting the ignition of the VAZ 2106 improves the ease of starting the car engine, dynamics and service life power unit. IN mandatory it is carried out after:

overhaul of the engine or operations associated with partial disassembly of the engine;
camshaft reinstallation;
valve burnout;
replacing cylinder block gaskets, timing chain/belt.

What happens if there is no adjustment?

Contactless ignition is one of the most popular tuning methods domestic cars. Photo: vaz-remzona.ru

If the ignition is advanced, a metallic sound will appear when the engine is running, the engine will run unstably, the idle speed will “float”, the traction force will drop, and excessive fuel consumption will occur.

With late ignition, the engine's throttle response decreases, the engine becomes coked with carbon deposits, as a result of which it quickly heats up. To accelerate the car, you need to press the gas pedal hard.

The consequence of an incorrectly set ignition is premature wear of the cylinder-piston group, engine jamming due to overheating and failure of vehicle components.

How to properly adjust the ignition yourself

Ignition adjustment can be done in a repair shop using a strobe light or independently. Among the tools and equipment you will need a crankshaft wrench, a “13” wrench, and a 12 V test light, which can be replaced with a voltmeter. First, unfasten the latches and remove the distributor cap. At the first stage of work:

Disconnect the (–) battery terminal.
With the power unit not running, set the piston of the first cylinder to the position corresponding to the compression phase (spark jump) before top dead dot.
To do this, unscrew the spark plug of the first cylinder and plug the hole in the cylinder head with a finger.
Cranking crankshaft using a key, select a position in which the air will push the finger out of the hole.
We combine two marks: on the pulley and the timing cover. The latter has long (0°), medium (5°) and short (10°) marks, indicating different ignition timing. It is necessary to align the mark with the middle timing mark, which means setting the ignition timing to 5°.
Screw the spark plug back in and connect the high-voltage cable.

At the second stage of work, we determine the ignition timing:

Connect the (–) terminal of the battery.
Use a wrench to loosen the nut on “13” securing the distributor.
Using alligator clips, we connect one end of the control lamp to ground, and connect the other end to the low-voltage wire of the bobbin.
We connect the central wire of the breaker to ground.
Turn the ignition key to position “I”, the indicator light will light up.
Very slowly turn the distributor housing clockwise until the light turns off.
Turn the distributor slider counterclockwise until the lamp turns on.
Having fixed the position of the mechanism with one hand, tighten the distributor fastening nut with the other hand.

If you prefer visual instructions, check out this video:

A quick way to set the ignition “by ear” in emergency situations

In unforeseen circumstances, it may be necessary to adjust the ignition on the road. To do this, set the choke (carburetor air damper) to approximately 2000 rpm on a running internal combustion engine. engine. Loosen the distributor fastening and rotate the housing alternately in both directions. Listening to the sound of the engine, we select the optimal position of the distributor. The power unit must develop the maximum speed and operate without “failures”. We fix the distributor in the found position.

Checking the correct ignition settings

Checking along the way will help identify adjustment deficiencies; for this you should:

while traveling, accelerate the car on the road to 40–50 km/h and, switching to 4th gear, sharply press the gas pedal to the floor;
“fingers” will ring and detonation will occur, which should appear within 2–3 seconds ;
if detonation lasts longer (sometimes does not stop some time after the engine is turned off), it is necessary to delay the ignition, loosen the fastening and turn the distributor 1° clockwise;
in the absence of detonation and ringing of fingers, it is necessary to make the ignition earlier, it is necessary to turn the breaker body 1° counterclockwise;
After bringing the breaker body to the optimal position, tighten the fastening nut.

Conclusion

If the adjustment range is not enough to set the required parameters of the ignition system, you should pay attention to the serviceability of the system components. The CPS remains operational, but there are interruptions or does not work correctly? It is necessary to check the serviceability of the following functional elements:

breaker contacts, which often burn or melt;
distributor movable plate bearing;
textolite block or bushing of the breaker lever, they wear out over time;
bobbin windings for interturn short circuit, open circuit or flashing to ground;
armored wires/spark plug tips.

Correctly adjusted ignition timing is one of the determining factors for correct operation. gasoline engine internal combustion. Even minor violations of its adjustment lead to loss of power of the power unit, increased fuel consumption, overheating, and the occurrence of detonation processes.

In this article we will talk about what ignition marks are, why they are needed, and how to use them to set the correct moment of ignition of the combustible mixture using the example of eight- and sixteen-valve VAZ-2110 engines. In addition, we will look at the concept of lead angle and figure out how to adjust it.

Why is the moment so important?

Ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the chamber internal combustion engine combustion must occur clearly at the end of the compression stroke before the piston reaches top dead center. If ignition starts before this moment ( early ignition), gas pressure will oppose the movement of the piston, causing detonation. When a fire occurs at top dead center, the opposite occurs. Late ignition is characterized by ignition of the mixture with an increasing volume of the combustion chamber, which leads to a decrease in the power of the power unit.

What is ignition timing

Optimal ignition timing is achieved by adjusting its timing. This value is characterized by the angle of rotation of the crankshaft at which voltage is applied to the spark plug before the piston reaches top dead center. Naturally, it cannot be permanent.

In order to determine the required advance angle, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the fuel, since the combustion time of the mixture, as well as the number of engine revolutions, depends on it.

How is the advance angle adjusted?

IN injection cars VAZ-2110 ignition setting carried out electronic unit management. He gets necessary information from the crankshaft position sensor and based on it determines the moment when a spark needs to be supplied. But this only happens when the valve timing is set correctly. Otherwise, everything can happen exactly the opposite.

The advance angle in carburetor engines is also adjusted automatically. A vacuum corrector is used for this. The principle of its operation is to change the advance angle depending on the number of engine revolutions. This happens due to the difference in pressure arising under throttle valve carburetor, to which the corrector is connected by a tube.

In addition, the advance angle is also manually adjusted by rotating the ignition distributor cap in one direction or another. This is a kind of rough tuning that allows you to adjust the engine to the quality of the fuel.

What are tags and why are they needed?

For ease of adjustment of the gas distribution phases on each car engine there are corresponding ignition marks. They are applied to the drive elements of the gas distribution mechanism.

There is also a mark on the flywheel crown. It can be seen if you pull out the rubber cap covering the inspection window on the gearbox housing. When the ignition is set correctly, the mark on the crown must match the same mark on the gearbox.

Checking and adjusting the marks on the eight-valve injection valve

To adjust the ignition you will need the following tools:

jack;
wheel wrench;
key (head) 10;
key to 13;
key to 17;
key to 19;
large slotted screwdriver;
flashlight.

It is also advisable to involve an assistant.

Work order:

How to set the ignition on a sixteen-valve VAZ-2110 engine using the marks

To adjust the ignition on a “ten” sixteen-valve injection engine, you will need the same tools. The setup process is almost the same, however, it must be taken into account that this power unit has not one, but two camshafts. The work order is as follows:

We park the car on a level surface and block the wheels. Jack it up from the front right wheel. We remove the wheel.
IN engine compartment dismantle the decorative trim on the engine.
Using a 10mm wrench, unscrew the five bolts securing the front timing cover.
Using the method described above, we dismantle the crankshaft pulley.
First, we spin the wheel and match the marks on the camshaft gears with the marks on the top of the rear cover. When they match, check the position of the mark on the crankshaft pulley. If it corresponds to the position of the point on the oil pump cover, everything is in order with the ignition.
If they do not match, remove the timing belt and carry out the adjustment according to the algorithm described above for an eight-valve engine.

Features of ignition settings in a carburetor engine

Installing the ignition according to the marks carburetor engine is carried out in exactly the same way as with an eight-valve injection engine. The only difference is the need manual adjustment ignition angle. In a service station environment, this is done using a strobe light and tachometer.

But you can also make adjustments “by eye”. All that is required for such an adjustment is a 10-mm spanner. The algorithm is as follows:

Raise the hood and use a wrench to loosen the three nuts holding the ignition distributor cap to the body.
We scroll the lid so that the mark on it coincides with the “zero” mark on the housing scale.
We start the engine, warm it up to operating temperature.
Scroll the cap clockwise until the engine begins to produce the maximum number of revolutions. After that, turn it half a division to the left.
We get behind the wheel and accelerate the car to 60-70 km/h in 4th gear. We press the gas pedal sharply down and listen to the engine. If at the same time there is a stable detonation (fingers knocking) - we have too much early ignition. We stop and turn the lid a little more counterclockwise. With the ignition angle set correctly, when we press on the gas, detonation should last no more than 2 seconds, after which the engine, having picked up speed, continues to operate normally.
Having achieved the desired result, tighten the cover nuts.

Instructions

Adjust the angle of the closed state of the distributor contacts (UZSK). To do this, remove the cover of the breaker-distributor and clean its contacts with a file, removing all the formed oxide tubercles. After cleaning, make sure that the contacts are fully adjacent to each other. If necessary, adjust by slightly bending the fixed contact.

Turn the crankshaft to a position where the distance between the contacts of the distributor is greatest. Unscrew the screw fixing the contact group on the bearing plate and insert a 0.4 mm feeler gauge between the contacts. Select the position of the contact group at which the probe moves with force, and fix it by tightening the screw. Use 0.35 and 0.45 mm feeler gauges to check the gap size.

Use a special wrench to rotate the crankshaft. If it is missing, rotate it slowly, carefully pushing the car in fourth or fifth gear. Do not use the starter for this purpose. Having set the required gap, the required UZSK value is automatically set, but only in new distributors assembled without violating the technology and dimensions. Therefore, make additional adjustments.

Remove the central high-voltage wire from the breaker cover and place it against ground. Connect a light bulb to the wire going from the distributor to the ignition coil. Turn on the ignition: the light will light when the breaker contacts open and go out when they close. Begin to slowly rotate the engine crankshaft clockwise.

As soon as the light goes out, mark the position of the slider on the distributor body. Also note the position of the slider when the light bulb lights up. Measure the length of the circular arc along the breaker body. To calculate the UZSK, multiply pi (3.14) by 360 and the diameter of the distributor body, and then divide by the measured length of the arc between the marks. The resulting result will be the angle in degrees and minutes. Compare it with the recommended values in the instruction manual.

To adjust the ignition timing angle (IAF), turn the crankshaft so that the mark on its pulley coincides with the mark on the timing cover (see operating instructions). The distributor slider should be opposite high voltage wire 1 cylinder. Connect the light bulb with one wire to the wire going from the distributor to the ignition coil, and the other to ground. Remove the center wire from the breaker cover and place it against ground. Loosen the bolt securing the distributor housing. Turn on the ignition.

Start turning the distributor body clockwise until the light goes out. Then slowly rotate it reverse side until the light turns on. As soon as the light comes on, secure the breaker housing with a bolt in this position. After making all adjustments, check the result in motion.

Warm up the engine, accelerate to 40-50 km/h in 4th gear. At sharp pressing When the gas pedal is pressed, characteristic detonation knocks should appear and a confident increase in speed should begin. If there is no audible detonation, turn the distributor counterclockwise 1 notch on the scale at the base of the housing. If detonation knocks last more than 1-2 seconds, turn the distributor by the specified amount clockwise. Repeat the procedure until detonation is obtained, lasting 1-2 seconds.

From correct settings and uninterrupted operation directly depends on the stability of the engine, its power, fuel efficiency etc. Normal for four-stroke engines The fuel-air mixture must ignite at the end of the compression stroke, that is, just before the rise to top dead center. This ignition timing is due to the fact that the mixture requires a certain time to burn, after which the energy of the expanding gases pushes the piston down and the power stroke begins.

Late or early ignition should be understood as a delay or advance in the operation of the ignition system in relation to the position of the piston in the cylinder. In other words, a spark from the spark plug is formed and ignites the fuel-air mixture not at the optimal moment when the piston approaches TDC, but earlier or later than this moment. This phenomenon is called early or late ignition. For this reason, the owners Vehicle, in which the possibility is realized self-adjustment IAP (ignition timing) are often faced with the need to adjust the ignition.

Read in this article

How to understand that the ignition is late or early

Ignition of the working mixture of fuel and air in the cylinders with advance or delay leads to certain malfunctions in the operation of the engine. In the list of main signs by which one can identify incorrectly installed ignition, it should be highlighted:

difficulty starting the engine;
noticeable increase in fuel consumption;
the engine loses throttle response, power drops;
unstable operation in idle mode is noted;
responsiveness to pressing the gas pedal disappears;
engine overheating and detonation occur;

An incorrect ignition angle can manifest itself in the form of characteristic pops that are heard in the exhaust system, etc. It is quite obvious that further operation with a broken ignition timing can lead to more serious engine damage, especially if persistent detonation occurs.

Consequences of an incorrectly set ignition angle

Both late and early ignition negatively affects the operation and service life of the engine. It should be added that not only power and fuel consumption depend on the correct ignition timing. If a spark does not form ahead of schedule, then the pressure of the expanding gases begins to counteract the piston rising to TDC (pre-ignition). Ignition of the working mixture after the piston has begun to move down from TDC leads to the fact that the released fuel energy “catches up” with the piston and enters the exhaust, rather than doing useful work (late ignition).

In the case of early ignition, the rising piston requires a great deal of force to compress the resulting gases as a result of premature combustion of the mixture. The load on and under such conditions increases significantly.

Signs of early ignition appear in the form of the following symptoms:

the appearance of a metallic ringing sound during engine operation, which is localized in the area of the cylinder block;
idle speed fluctuates, the engine is unstable;
after pressing the “gas” there is a pause, the engine does not “pull” and overuses fuel;

Late ignition also causes significant damage to the engine. In this case, combustion of the mixture occurs under conditions of decreased pressure and increased volume in the internal combustion engine cylinder. The combustion process of the fuel-air mixture itself is disrupted, which burns out during the working stroke of the piston. As a result, signs of late ignition are:

the engine loses power, you need to press hard on the gas to accelerate;
there is a significant increase in fuel consumption;
the engine is heavily coked by deposits and carbon deposits;
improper combustion of the mixture leads to engine overheating;

Setting the ignition timing yourself

Correctly set ignition timing requires adjustment of the OZ. It is necessary to adjust the ignition angle at idle speed. It should be taken into account that the optimal idle speed is considered to be in the range of 850-900 rpm. The ignition timing angle is also within a certain range from -1 (negative) to +1 (positive) degrees. The degree indicated is the degree relative to TDC.

Most often, a strobe light is used to set the ignition timing. This decision allows for precision installation. If the device is not available, you can also use the control light.

The specified lamp is connected to positive terminal on the ignition distributor, and also connected to ground. Next, we will look at the main available methods for setting the ignition using the following example of a domestic “classic”:

Setting up strobe ignition

the engine must be warmed up until it reaches operating temperature;
The strobe light is connected to the on-board network;
unscrew the fixing nut of the distributor-ignition interrupter cover;
the alarm signal sensor is placed on the high-voltage wire of the first cylinder;
if there is a vacuum corrector hose, you will need to remove and plug the specified hose;
the strobe light is directed to the crankshaft pulley;
the engine starts and idles;
the distributor body is rotated;
the position of the body of the breaker-distributor is fixed so that the pulley mark coincides with the corresponding mark on;
after aligning the marks, the fixing nut is tightened;

Setting the OZ according to the control light

If you use the light bulb ignition method, then you need to turn the engine crankshaft so that the mark on the crankshaft pulley matches the mark on the timing cover. In this case, the slider on the ignition distributor should point to the spark plug wire of the first cylinder.

Next, the distributor lock nut is loosened, after which one wire from the light bulb is connected to the wire that goes to the ignition coil from the distributor. The second wire from the lamp is installed to ground. Then you need to turn on the ignition and rotate the distributor body clockwise until the control lamp stops lighting. After this, you should carefully turn the distributor body back, that is, counterclockwise. Having determined the position at which the light bulb lights up, it is necessary to fix the distributor body in this position. Fixation is done by tightening the distributor nut.

Other methods of setting up and checking the ignition on a car

You can also set the ignition to spark or independently select the angle when the engine will operate most stably and smoothly. The simplest and least accurate method is to install based on the operation of the motor. To set up, start the engine, after which the nut securing the distributor housing is loosened. Next, you will need to turn the distributor housing clockwise and counterclockwise, finding the position at which the engine runs smoothly and the XX speed is the highest. After this, you should turn the breaker body a couple of degrees clockwise and tighten the distributor nut.

When setting the spark ignition, you should align the marks on the crankshaft and timing pulley, and the mark on the slider should point to the wire of the first cylinder. Then the distributor housing nut is loosened, after which the central high-voltage wire should be removed from the distributor cover.

Then the wire contact should be placed close to ground (distance about 5 mm) and turn on the ignition. After this, the breaker body should be rotated 20 degrees clockwise. Now the housing needs to be rotated back until a spark appears between the ground and the wire contact. In this position, the distributor body must be secured with the breaker fastening nut.

Upon completion, it is necessary to check the correctness of the OZ in motion. With a warm engine, the car should be accelerated to 40-45 km/h, after which fourth gear is engaged and the gas pedal is fully pressed. Next, it is necessary to assess the degree of detonation. It is considered normal when, immediately after engaging 4th gear, detonation is briefly present (2-3 seconds), but disappears as the car accelerates. If detonation continues after acceleration, then the likelihood of pre-ignition is high. If there is no detonation when the 4th gear is engaged, then the ignition is delayed. In such cases, the SOP adjustment should be repeated to obtain an optimal result.