Seven cities where cars are prohibited. Look at how beautiful is the city without cars! In the Netherlands there is a city where there are no cars

Too depends on your car and wish to overcome your dependence? Or do you get tired of hearing a permanent roar of motors and breathe gasoline in a huge megalopolis? We offer a list of cities in which there are no cars at all!

Such cities possess a number of advantages: clean air, a calm atmosphere on the street, people go to their business on foot, and not on public transport.

Cities in which there are no cars:

Venice, Italy

Gondolas and water taxis - here is the main type of transport. Thanks to this method of movement, the city is considered the most unique in Europe.

Ilya Grandi, Brazil

Modern civilization has practically not affected by this tropical island, which has become a house for many of the endangered species of plants and animals. The population of the island is only about 2,000 inhabitants, the main occupation is ecotourism.

Times Square, New York

Times Square Square several years ago became a pedestrian zone. Every year, it is visited by about 250 thousand tourists.

Medina in Fez, Morocco

In the most old part of Fez, more than 150 thousand people live. This is the largest urban area in the world where there is no movement vehicle. True, for this there is a good reason - urban streets are so narrow that the car simply will not be able to drive.

Bhaktapur, Nepal

Bhaktapur in the fifteenth century was the capital of Nepal, and now is under the protection of UNESCO. This city is prohibited from the movement of cars through the streets, its inhabitants protect traditions and vintage customs. So it is possible to fairly consider this city is really historical.

Imagine children playing football on the streets of the city. Imagine tourists, carelessly be photographed in the middle of the road. Restaurants who set their tables right outside. And around - neither cars, no motorcycles, no buses. Approximately I remember Venice, the only city without a car that I saw. We were there with friends during the summer holidays at the university. We then moved in Italy on the travelers. Venice, of course, is unique in that it is built on small islands.

But still it was very nice - to be in the city where you can wander, without donating cars.

Over the past 100 years, cars have become dominant in the city landscape. Streets are specifically expanded so that they can be free and faster to drive to make more parking space. Private cars made a revolution in how we move, but at the same time brought with them a lot of problems - from contaminated air to traffic accidents. And today, the small, but the growing number of cities is trying to get rid of cars. In the past few years, Oslo and Madrid have repeatedly fell into the headlines of the media about the plans for their authorities prohibit car traffic in the center of these capitals. Plans, however, have not yet been fulfilled.

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However, these intentions are a broader tendency: the movement of large cities as possible. Here and London with his payment to the central regions of the city, and Mexico City with the initiative "Pico Y Placa" (when your right to ride on certain urban routes depends on whether the number of your car is even or an odd number), and several small cities solved To completely ban the car movement (for example, Pontevedra in Spain).

"Our main goal is to return the streets of people," says Hanna Marcussten, Deputy Mayor Oslo on urban development issues. - It is important to understand how we want to use our streets, and why they are at all. We believe that the streets are the place where you meet people, where you eat in the outdoor restaurants, where children are played, where artists are shown. "

To achieve this, the Oslo was completely closed for cars. Part of the streets in the city center, removed almost all parking spaces, replacing them with bodies, benches and miniature parks.

The capital of Norway Oslo has attached agreed efforts to remove cars from their central streets. / Getty Images

There is an aspect of the environment. Oslo was built in a geological hollow, because of which the city (especially in winter) suffers from severe air pollution. According to local authorities, over the past ten years, the degree of pollution has significantly decreased. Oslo inhabitants have become less likely to use a car for trips around the city (with 35% of trips in 2009 to 27% in 2018), and the number of people who use the bike, public transport or just moving on foot, has grown. H. Crawford - Perhaps the most famous representative of those who stand for the city without cars, he is the author of two books on this topic.

"In addition to the long-proved problems associated with environmental pollution and millions of deaths in car accidents, the most unpleasant consequences of the influence of cars on society should recognize incredible damage they apply to social space," he emphasizes.

The bottom line is that cars significantly reduce social interaction. "The most popular places in the cities in the cities are without cars," says Crawford. These are parks, squals or streets given to pedestrians. According to him, in such American cities as Houston and Dallas, up to 70% of urban lands are given under parking. "The current housing crisis is due to lack of land. Get rid of cars, and the problem will immediately decide. "

Completely without cars?

City in which there are no cars? Sounds attractive. But is it possible? And whether everyone wants? What about emergency rescue services? And what will people do who are hard to move on foot? And what will happen to the growing suburbs of megacities, with the so-called bedroom areas? Are we trying to impose an idea to all citizens, mostly mostly from representatives of the younger generation seeking to live and work in the city center?

"Most fast way Kill the city center - do not give people there to come, "says Hugh Bladen from the Association of British Drivers.

The guiding trade, business on the central streets of many British cities will not help restrictions in the automotive movement, he emphasizes, and centers of cities will quickly turn into a refuge of drug addicts and drunk. He agrees with the fact that many cities are too crowded with cars, but, in his opinion, this is due to poor planning. You just need more parking in the right places.

The city center will die if you do not allow people there to come there, but if you provide the right alternative in the form of public transport, everything will be fine. / Getty Images

Rensford Achipong, researcher of urban planning problems from the University of Manchester, says that the ban of cars will help make the air cleaner and improve people's health, but if you take a car, provide an alternative. Even in Europe, where public transport works quite well, for many life is not possible without a car. There is such a concept of the "last mile", "pedestrian shoulder" from the stop of transport to the house. This is the final part of our daily route, and if public transport does not make this part of the minimum, we will still ride on cars. And though the Vice Mayor of Oslo Marcussten gives himself a tribute to the argument about the invasion of human rights when he takes the opportunity to travel by car She emphasizes: "In many cases, not limit the car movement means limiting freedoms of other people. Machines prevent children to play on the streets, and older people - go on the road. "

"Oslo also has a problem with air pollution. It can be said that cars violate the rights of residents with asthma, forcing them to sit at home and do not go anywhere when the degree of pollution is especially high, "she says.

What do you need to free the city from cars?

In the General Plan of the Big City (the suburb of Chengdu, China) to anywhere you can walk on foot. There is no dead end, a lot of intersections, so it is nice to walk or ride a bike. The "vertical connection" is also provided: skyscrapers are connected by air bridges. The big city planned for the life of 100 thousand people, covers the area just one square kilometer. The maximum amount of time to spend when moving from one point to another is 10 minutes. What hurt the cities of the giants What should not be the society of the future - did Nine Soviets move to Earth?

Unfortunately, this suburb while remains in the plans. His Development of Power Chengdu was ordered back in 2012, the American architectural company Smithgill, but he was not built. Nevertheless, it is clear that this urban area is quite ready to do without cars.

"We wanted to go to the school there to go to school on foot, and adults did not need to overcome huge distances to the place of work," said Chris Drew's representative.

With the rest of the city areas, this suburb would connect two railway lines, so that there would be no need for the car.

Masdar City in Abu Dhabi at first did not provide for the use of cars. / Getty Images

There are also a couple of examples of new cities that were going to become more or less free from cars. Earlier, Drew worked on the Masdar City project (United Arab Emirates), which at first planned to completely get rid of cars, but now cars sometimes meet on its streets. SmithGill also helped work on the general plan of the World Fair in Dubai (2020), the territory of which intend to make a fully pedestrian and settle after the end of the World Expo. Many interrelated transplant nodes will help, in each of which there will be a tram stop or light railway, surrounded by shops, offices and residential buildings. Residents will need no more than five minutes to stop public transport.

In theory, in order to cross this new townMost more than half an hour.

These are all plans, but how to remake already existing cities in which most people live today? Hannah Marcussten so explains the approach of the Oslo authorities: "We started with trial projects so that people themselves see how everything will be, we introduced the changes very gradually."

"For example, one of the most beautiful areas of Oslo next to the city council used to be completely forced by machines," she says. - A year ago, we were banned there to be parking there, closed there entry, and at first it seemed strange to people. But now they already believe that it was strange that we allowed to ride cars there. "

Future - without cars?

"If you look into the future with optimism, this trend will only be strengthened," says Achipong. - Take a look at the statistics - apparently, we passed the peak of the popularity of owning our own cars and go now less. There is a big difference in habit between Millenniala and Bebibumen, between different generations. "

He believes that young people are increasingly refusing to hold a car. All this indicates that the dominance of cars in our cities will gradually go to no naturally.

Not all cities may be so free from cars as Venice, but if you give priority to the interests of pedestrians and cyclists, then something will turn out. / Getty images of the other side indicates, there is a growing request for new transport services - such as Uber or Lyft, or unmanned taxis. "But these are also cars," he emphasizes.

Achipong notes that in most developing countries, the popularity of ownership of the car is just experiencing a boom, and their governments take into account this, developing infrastructure, taking into account the interests of the car owners. It is on cars that most trips are made in municipal areas, distant from the center of the metropolis - take, for example, the London highway M25 or Beijing, where the whole seven ring roads.

It would be relatively easy for old European cities that have existed without them for centuries.

But the megalopolis grown simultaneously with motorways and large parking lots will make it much more difficult. It is still difficult to say how far this trend will lead us. In any case, I do not forget that the only way to leave free from Venice cars was to stand on the side of the road, vote and wait until some car stop ...

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Not so long ago, Oslo announced that 2019 will close the center for cars. The Norwegian capital replenished the long list of cities that are trying to fight with all the cars. The desire to get rid of car addiction to be easy to understand: every year 7 million people die with transportation in the world. Even more dies in road accidents. Let's see how suitable for solving this problem in different parts of the world.

Oslo

By 2019, the zone inside the central district road will be forbidden for cars. The administration also promised to build 60 km of bikes, remove part of the parking lots and introduce a cash collecting for those who drive on the car at the peak hours (in addition to the already valid plug tax). Norwegian pension funds will no longer invest in the company that are busy oil, gas and stone coal. Thanks to these measures by 2025, the city can generally refuse to use fossil fuels.

Helsinki
The city administration develops the concept of "mobility to order". Public transport system is going to bring to perfection by connecting it mobile appwhich will not only put routes in real time, but will allow you to pay for transport services. It is expected that "mobility to order" will be so effective that by 2025 the ownership of a private car in Helsinki will simply lose all meaning.

Paris


When this spring, the French capital was covered, the mayor of Ann Idalgo stopped the number of cars operating on diesel fuel, and limited their speed to 20 km / h. In total, the level of air pollution returned to the limits of the norm, and the tubes decreased by 40%. France is the leader among European countries by the number of diesel cars ( diesel fuel It is cheaper than gasoline), but Idalgo intends to completely ban them already by 2020. In parallel, pedestrian and cycling infrastructure is being developed. It is planned, an example, to double the total length of cycling and bring it up to 1,400 km. And so that the Parisians felt the taste for reassembly, in September, in the city there were a day without cars, when the streets of the city, including the Elysee fields, were temporarily given to the undivided power of pedestrians and cyclists.

Hamburg


The second largest city in Germany intends to close a part of the streets for cars and at the same time develops a "green network" - cycles, binding parks and recreational zones and covering 40% of its territory. The city authorities hope that by 2050 they will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80%.

Madrid


At the beginning of the year, the city administration has allocated 3.5 sqm in the center of the zone, where the entry of cars (except resident) is prohibited. Gradually, this zone will expand and by 2020 should cover the entire center. Alternatively, citizens will offer new pedestrian zones and an updated bus network. Madrid also became the first European city, which launched a full-fledged electric bicycle rental system. And also, following the example of Paris, in days when the level of emissions exceeds the norms, it will be forced to limit the number of diesel cars on the roads. Public transport on such days will work for free. About ban on diesel cars Think also in Dublin, London and Brussels.

Milan
Here invented a system that encourages the rejection of the car: left the car at home - get a free ticket on the subway.

Copenhagen


The city expects to become climatically neutral by 2025. An important role in this is the cycling network. In the suburbs of the Danish capital there are 26 so-called cycling highways, where the bike has a priority over the car. However, cars are far from complete disappearance. On the contrary, their popularity is growing, and the Lord Mayor Frank Jensen recently said that in his sense, the fair transport system looks like this: a third of the Copenhagents should ride a bike, a third of public transport and another third by car. And the task of the city administration is to provide "seamless communication" between different types transport. Not everyone likes this: some residents protest against the appearance in the city of new parking spaces.

Bogota


About the refusal of the machines were spoke here much earlier than in Europe - in 1974, when the event was held in the city under the name of Cyklovia, which turned it into a paradise for cyclists. Since then once a week, 120 km of roads in the Colombian capital are closed for cars and give pedestrians and cyclists. During the first Maritime Enrique Panylos in Bogota, more than 300 km of cycles were built. The mayor said that "a man on a bike for $ 30 is also important, like a car driver for 30 thousand dollars." Recently, Penalos was again chosen by the mayor.

Portland
The average American carries out in the automotive traffic jams 42 hours a year (in Los Angeles twice as many), but in Portland, they are going to change this situation. The local administration expects that by 2030 a quarter of all trips will be bikes. The symbol of the coming change began this year the Tilikum ledging bridge.

Hadarabad
Every Thursday the track leading to the local equivalent of the silicon valley is closed for cars. For the first time, a non-bulk day passed this summer, and local authorities are already thinking about to carry out the share not one, but three days a week. However, local IT officers show consciousness and without any prohibitions - many of them prefer a personal car of the Carpuling system.

Davis.


A small town in California is famous for love for bicycles - they account for 20% of all trips, while in the whole country - only 2%. It happened since the middle of the twentieth century, largely due to the presence in the city of the University. But not only students ride a bike, the bicycle infrastructure is in one way or another, the cycling infrastructure is on most of the streets of the city, and recently they began to build protected cycling junctions on the Danish sample.

Chengdu
Not far from this Chinese city, a new suburb is built, designed for 80 thousand inhabitants. The designers originally conceived him as a city without cars. They will replace the well-thought-out system of public transport.

Masdar
Another city of the future under construction from scratch, but this time is not far from Abu Dhabi. It is expected that the city will become climatically neutral, and its 100 thousand residents will be moved on foot, cycling or on electric vehicles. The rest of the cars travel to this oasis will be closed.

Today there are cities where riding a car is prohibited. What an alternative? Somewhere this is a golf kit, somewhere boats, and somewhere else is donkeys.

The most acceptable means of movement in the village of GiTHORN are plaquinity - electrobotics operating exclusively on electricity. They calmly swim under the horizontal bridges connecting the houses on different shores of the canal. Such a lifestyle is due to the geographic conditions of the village. Locals, having learned that their lands are rich in peat, digged him everywhere, where only possible. So the pits were formed, which were filled with water. Gradually, the lakes were connected by forming a chain of channels.

In the village, located in the Alpine Valley, there are no personal cars. They were banned, fearing air pollution. Even the police on the streets move on bikes, horses or on foot. Emergency and utilities still have motor vehicles, but it is only electric.

Idra, or Hydra, is a Greek island. It has the status of the reserve, so any kind of transport here is prohibition: no exhaust gasespolluting air. The only car is garbage truck.

All cars, including taxis, stop at the entrance to the city of Sviyazisk. This museum attractions occupies a perimeter of only 1.5 km away. It can be explored in an hour. Given such small distances, all architectural buildings are better inspecting in a hiking path, which looks out from the bus window.

Perhaps Venice refers to the most famous cities where water transport Other is inappropriate. A couple of years ago, the authorities were banned even bicycles. Violators of the order will have to pay a fine of 50 euros. In Venice, completely surrounded by water, cars, even if they wanted, could not drive through the narrow old streets and numerous bridges. The main means of movement - gondolas, boats, small boats.

The city of Makino Island occupies the same island on Lake Huron. There are two ways to get to it: a plane and boat. On Earth island, you should forget about motor transport. The banings for motorized TS residents accepted back in 1898. Perhaps the people standing in power were far-sighted politicians: they understood that the world will fill cars and "poison" environment. Movement on the island is possible only by bike, on horseback or on foot.

Mdina is called the city of silence. In order not to violate local prosperity, it is allowed to use cars here only those who live in the city. Neither tourists from other countries, nor even from neighboring settlements, can be sent by car in MDin.

By the way, in Vallette - the capital of Malta - too, you can not ride a car. But it is clear: on the streets built in the XVI century, it's hard to drive modern transportSince city roads were originally intended for the movement of riders and carriages.

Cars flooded the whole world. Everywhere on the streets lively movement and elevated level harmful emissions. In some cities, such as London, Rome and Seoul, are trying to solve this problem. These cities have areas (mainly this is a historical center), where the entrance to cars is prohibited. And in Venice, for example, there is no place for cars at all. According to magnificent channels, you can ride on the boat, on a boat or traditional local gondola. If you dream on vacation to get to the cities without cars - we offer you a list of 9 places where there are no cars at all.

1. GENT, Belgium.

This is the second largest area of \u200b\u200bBelgium, where there are no cars. In 1996, it was decided not to let cars in the city center. It helped solve the problem of eternal road congestion and polluted air. You can move here on foot, cycling or public transport.

2. Lama, Kenya.

Lama Island in Kenya is completely free from vehicles. You can move on it on foot, by bike, and on donkeh. The air here is so clean that the old town, founded in 1370, was perfectly preserved and entered into the UNESCO World Heritage List.

3. Fayer Island, New York.

One of the few places in the US, where there are no cars. The island has 41 km of the coastline and is a real pedestrian paradise. You can get acquainted with the island on foot, cycling or on board the electric Caddy.

4. Island of Idra, Greece.

In this beautiful place motor vehicles. The only exception is garbage trucks. To better consider the beauty of the island, you need to walk or take water taxis.

5. Fez El-Bali, Morocco.

Old Medina is one of the largest pedestrian zones in the world. Its medieval streets are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Although all the roads adjacent to the medina are not available for cars, in the old city, life boils.

6. Venice, Italy.

Probably, this is the most popular city in the world. It consists of 118 islands. The city is built in the lagoon, the depth of which is 15 meters. Venice can be waged on foot, drive around on a boat or on medieval gondola. Tourists will have to visit four hundred and sixteen bridges and one hundred seventy-seven canals. And there is something to admire what!

7. Githorn, Netherlands.

This small village in the Netherlands, in which about 2,600 inhabitants, is known as Northern Venice. The villages can admire the boat or on foot. It is one hundred seventy small wooden bridges. Here is the straw farm, which has been working since 1700, and is now decorated with beautiful flowers.

8. Dubrovnik, Croatia.

It is also called Ragusa. The old city is divided into two zones. On the one hand the wall is an intensive movement and noise. But on the other hand, you will discover the Old Town, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Because of its beauty, this place received the nickname "Pearl of Adriatic".

9. Island Sark, France.

The only engine whose noise hears the locals is a tractor. With the island you can find on foot or riding a horse. Even ambulance Here is a trailer that is attached to the tractor. If you want silence and rest away from Smog - this island for you!