What makes the car electro. Electric car with your own hands: how, why and how much it costs

07.03.2020

It is always interesting to observe the changing phenomena, especially if you are involved in creating these phenomena. Now we will collect the simplest (but really working) an electric motor consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of the wire, which we ourselves.

There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor; The secret that is simultaneously smart and amazingly simple. That's what we need:

1.5V battery or battery.

Holder with contacts for the battery.

Magnet.

1 meter wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

0.3 meters of uninsulated wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

We will start with winding the coil, that part of the electric motor that will rotate. To make the coil sufficiently smooth and round, we wock it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on a battery of AA sizes.

Leaving free 5 cm wires from each end, we wock 15-20 turns on the cylindrical frame.

Do not try especially tightly and smoothly wind the coil, a small degree of freedom will help the coil better to preserve its shape.

Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to keep the resulting form.

Then wrap several times the free ends of the wire around the turns to preserve the shape, observing the new bonding turns to be exactly opposite each other.

The coil should look like this:

Now the time is the secret, the features that will make the motor work. This is a secret, because it is an exquisite and non-obvious reception, and it is very difficult to detect when the motor works. Even people who know a lot about the operation of the engines can be surprised by the motor's ability to work until it detects this subtlety.

Holding the coil vertically, put one of the free ends of the coil on the edge of the table. Remove the upper half of the insulation, leaving the lower half in the enamel isolation.

Do also the same with the second end of the coil, observing the uninsulated ends of the wires to be directed up the two free ends of the coil.

What is the meaning of this reception? The coil will lie on two holders made of uninsulated wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery, so that the electrical current can pass from one holder through the coil to another holder. But it will only happen when uninsulated half of the wires are lowered down, touching holders.

Now it is necessary to make support for the coil. These are just turns of the wires that support the coil and allow it to rotate. They are made of uninsulated wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they should deliver to it electric current.

Just wrap every piece of uninsulated wire around a small nail - and get the desired part of our engine.

The basis of our first electric motor will be the battery holder. It will be a suitable base, because when the battery is installed, it will be difficult enough for the electric motor to be trembled.

Collect five parts together, as shown in the picture (at the beginning without a magnet). Put the magnet on top of the battery and carefully push the coil ...

If everything is done correctly, the coil will start to rotate quickly! We hope that you, as in our experiment, everything will work the first time.

If still the motor did not work, carefully check everything electrical connections. Does the coil rotate freely? Is it easy to closely located magnet (if not enough, install additional magnets or cut wire holders)?

When the motor earn, the only thing to pay attention to - so that the battery does not overheat, as the current is large enough. Just remove the coil - and the chain will be torn.
Let's find out exactly how our simple electric motor works. When electric current flows on the wire of any coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet. Electromagnet acts as an ordinary magnet. It has the North and South Pole and can attract and repel other magnets.

Our coil becomes an electromagnet when the non-insulated half of the protruding coil wires concerns the uninsulated holder. At that moment, the coil begins to flow the current, the coil arises the northern pole, which is attracted to the southern pole of a permanent magnet, and the South Pole, which is repelled from the southern pole of a permanent magnet.

We filmed isolation from the top of the wire, when the coil stood vertically, so the pole of the electromagnet will be directed to the right and left. And this means that the poles will come into motion to settle in one plane with poles of the lying magnet, pointing up and down. Therefore, the coil turns to the magnet. But at the same time, the isolated part of the coil wire is touched by the holder, the current will be interrupted, and the coil will no longer be an electromagnet. It will be checked on the inertia further, will again affect the uninsulated part of the holder and the process will repeat again and again until the current is running in the batteries.

How can the electric motor rotate faster?

One of the ways is to add another magnet from above.

Apply the magnet during the rotation of the coil, and one of two will happen: or the motor will stop, or start rotating faster. The choice of one of two options will depend on which pole of the new magnet will be sent to the coil. Just do not forget to hold the lower magnet, and then the magnets jum down to each other and destroy the fragile design!

Another way is to put small glass beads on the coil axis, which will reduce the friction of the coil of holders, and also better balanced the electric motor.

There are still many ways to improve this simple design, but the main goal is achieved - you have collected and fully understood how the simplest electric motor works.

The presence of a boat engine makes life easier for its owner. However, gasoline engines make a lot of noise and consume a large amount of resources. Alternative to this type of driving force - electric motors. These are quiet aggregates working on cheap electricity and slightly inferior gasoline boat engines In the efficiency of movement. This option of the engine will cost cheaper, especially since the electric motor can make a boat with their own hands.

In the title "Electromotor" lies the essence of the device, which is denoted by them. Under the electric motor for boats is meant an aggregate, which moves the swimming remedy by moving the blades. Its effect is based on physical laws. A feature of electric motors is the resource that they consume to perform their functions.

Today, worldwide engines running on fuel are common worldwide. The electric motor for the boat, unlike such aggregates, is working through the consumption of electricity, and not gasoline. Among some owners of the boat are the opinion about the low efficiency of such devices. However, it is wrong. With proper design, the electromotor is able to ensure the force of thrust sufficient to move the swimming agent on water at normal speed.

Moreover, homemade Engine It has a number of advantages, for example:

The end costs for creating such a device will be significantly lower. market value Factory gasoline engines and electric motors.
The legislation operating in the country, which protects nature, strictly regulates the use of electric motors for boats. On improval aggregates, these rules do not apply.
The device works, practically no noise. This feature will be especially useful to fishermen, because any loud sounds can sigh the potential catch.
Electricity is cheaper than fuel materials. In addition, devices equipped with engines internal combustion, consume incomparably more resources than self-made electric motors.
The owner of the boat has the ability to independently choose the power of the unit suitable for it. The basis homemade motor It is drill or other devices. It is from their power depending on the characteristics of the future engine. What device will choose the master, there will be indicators of the electric motor.

Create homemade electromotor is quite simple. It is clear enough to follow the instructions. However, certain materials and tools will be needed. There should be no problems with access to them. Most of required tools already available in stock from any owner. All materials can be found in free sale in retail outlets. It is easy to find and drawings necessary for work.

Materials and tools

When selecting equipment, you need to pay attention to two things: power and voltage. These parameters are fundamental, and the quality of the operation of the finished electric motor depends on them. Power depends on the chosen drill (as a basis, this tool is taken as the basis), so first of all it is necessary to choose this equipment.

When selecting a drill, it is necessary to focus on its power. This indicator must exceed one hundred fifty watts. You should not take a tool with smaller characteristics. In this case, the finished device will not effectively work in moving water (that is, it will not work with such an aggregate on the river). It is best to use a battery perforator.

The perforator is equipped with a reverse, has several modes of work. This circumstance is important for the motor that will move the swimming agent because it will allow in the future to control the speed of the electric motor.

The second important parameter is voltage. Do not use the batteries for eighteen volts. They are difficult to find and cost them expensive. The best choice will be a drill working under the tension of ten or twelve volt. Such a battery is relatively cheaper, and most importantly, it is much easier to find it on sale.

After selecting the optimal equipment, you can collect materials. To create the engine must be pre-acquired:

Electric drill that will perform the motor function.
Clamps, with which the drill will be attached.
Gearbox. You can use the element from the grinder if the motor installation is assumed on the boat translate.
Round tubes with a diameter of twenty millimeters.
Profiled pipes (20 * 20 millimeters).
Round metal rod. It will be used to create an electric motor shaft.
Sheet metal from which screws will be made.

We will also need some tools:

scissors for cutting metal;
apparatus for welding;
bulgarian;
electric drill with drill set;
self-tapping screwdriver if a tree is used when creating a motor.

After all the elements are collected, you can start creating a boat electric motor with your own hands. The whole procedure consists of several stages. Starting work follows from creating a lifting mechanism for impeller. In order for the future device to work normally, it is recommended to carefully follow the instructions provided below.

Creating an electric motor

As it was already said earlier, it is necessary to start making an electric motor with your own hands from creating a lifting mechanism for the impeller. It will allow you to raise this element over the water. To create it, it is necessary to weld the tube from the metal to pre-prepared clamps.

To this tube, it is necessary to first attach the base (frame, having a view of a pyramid directed by a smaller base in the direction of water). On a large base, the bed is fastened, another tube is welded to the lower edge. Bearing is installed on the bed. Through it and the tube, welded below, you need to skip the shaft.

As a shaft, you can use a tube or wire. However, the first option is more successful:

first, it will be possible to attach bearings on the tube (at both ends) that reduce the force of friction;
secondly, it is desirable that this shaft is thin, but strong. In the case of a wire, you will have to use a large diameter product.

After all actions are completed, you can go to the next step. The next step is to install the gearbox and propellers.

Reducer / propeller

On the sides of the shaft it is recommended to attach gearboxes. It is advisable to pre-create them yourself, focusing on the parameters of the electric motor. However, this process can take a lot of time. Therefore, you can buy a device or use gearboxes installed on the grinder.

Depending on the concrete Engine You may need one or two gearboxes. When choosing a device, it is desirable to focus on one basic rule - it is desirable that the transmitting number is small. Optimally, if the gearbox is capable of lowering the speed of 5 times. This will provide a normal course of the swimming agent.

The lower gear is required for horizontal screw mounting. If a gearbox is used from such a tool like a Bulgarian, it will sufficiently hold it in the cartridge from the drill. Elements of other devices can also be used as propeller. If there is no, you can make a homemade screw. For this you need:

Cut square (the length of one side is thirty centimeters).
Drill in his center hole.
Make slots diagonally (the distance between the slots should be at least five centimeters).
Formed blades, it is necessary to give a rounded view. It is important that the size of the blades is the same, otherwise the occurrence of third-party vibrations may occur.

Create a propeller on the shaft can be using a bolt and nut. It is for this purpose that a hole was made in the center of the metal sheet.

Recent modifications

Next, it is necessary to connect a gearbox with a motor, that is, with a drill. Make it just - enough to hold the gearbox in the cartridge drill, as has already been said earlier. If the base does not coincide with the drill size, it is necessary to use an additional tube.

Tube must wear tight on the shaft. So that the latter does not rotate in it, you need reliable fixation. You can provide it by doing through hole In the tube and shaft. Next, both elements must be fixed with a pin. Such fixation will prevent the rotational movements of the shaft.

After the device is ready, the homemade boat electric motor must be checked. It is enough to dial water into the bath and run the electric motor in it. If the pressure is felt by hand, the engine is working normally. It can be attached to the ship and check in the reservoir.

Motor Management and other constructive options for its creation

Although the electric motor is ready, but it is not yet able to carry out turns. In order not to rotate with the help of cheerful, it is necessary to make minor modifications to the design. It is enough to attach a bolt to the central part of the attachment, which is then to wear a pipe. This will make it possible to carry out turns by changing the position of the base and, accordingly, the electric motor.

To the database you can fight another handle, withdrawing a controller on it, which is responsible for the flow of current to the motor. It will be advisable to use a retail. However, in this case, you will have to change the drill to the self, connecting the motor located in its housing, with the rheostat. This will create a more functional design.

Screwdriver as a motor

There are several ways to make an electric motor. Instead of drill, it is permissible to use a screwdriver. By design, it is almost no different from the device with a drill. Distinctive feature Products are the lower cost of its maintenance. So, one battery for twelve volts will be enough for six-hour operation of the device. However, you will have to sacrifice the speed of movement due to lower power.

In order for the swimming vessel to move faster, you can use screws with a big step. In addition, as in the previous case, an electromotor based on a screwdriver can be equipped with handles that will facilitate control.

Electric motor from trime

Perfect for this purpose and trimer. The process of creating a motor when using this device will greatly ease. The only thing that will need to make the master is to shorten the length of the device and attach a screw to it. There is no need for the reduction of the gearbox.

You also do not need to refine the control and system that is responsible for the power of the motor. The only difficulty that can meet on the way is the problem of fixing the device to the boat. In particular to inflatable. But she is solved.

As an electric motor, the aggregates can be used, at the expense of the windows servants, or a simple electric motor. In the latter case, difficulties may occur, since standard motors operate due to alternating voltage in two hundred and twenty volts. The problem is solved by installing the inverter.

Thus, the owner of the flooded can create an electric motor for the boat with their own hands. Special skills for this do not need. One should only purchase the necessary materials and prepare some tools. As a motor, it is recommended to use a drill with a power of more than one hundred fifty watts. Such an indicator will allow you to move on the boat both when we stand and river.
In addition to the drill, you can use a trimer or a conventional electric motor. Another option is an electromotor based on a screwdriver. Such a device is cheaper in service, however, problems can occur at the speed of moving the swimming agent.

Cars familiar to us working on gasoline are gradually moving into the background. This is caused by the fact that electric cars are gaining increasing popularity in society. Indeed, machines operating from electricity are easier to make, use and manage them. In addition, the car of this type does not pollute the atmosphere of fuel combustion products, and therefore protects the environment. Given all the advantages of the electric vehicle, the problem of its independent production becomes relevant.

Make an electric vehicle - means creating a wonderful replacement of a gasoline machine . With the help of modern technologies, it is very easy to solve the problem of fuel costs. After all, once putting a round sum of money on the elements of your electric vehicle, in the future save significantly more on the fuel.

Today, many car giants produce electric vehicles or hybrid machines. But their cost is not available for wide masses, so the creation of a car operating on an electric engine is the ideal way out for everyone to buy it.

How to make an electric car? Where to begin?

So, you firmly decided to create a car with an electric engine with your own hands? Then it is necessary to acquire some components of the future mechanism. Firstly, car. A certain model that serves as the base of the future electric vehicle. That is, the creation of a machine running on electricity, with their own hands - re-equipment, and not making from scratch.

Secondly, electrical engine. Natural is that an electric vehicle cannot exist without a heart.

Thirdly, batteries of their charging and housing. Electric vehicle must be used. With this task, it will cope with the ease of batteries.

Fourth, voltage control and synchronizers. Your invention can only function on the electrical current of a certain voltage. His permanent drops can lead to short circuit and completely increasing the electric vehicle.

Fifth, Electro gas. Since the car and its work are built according to a different principle, a special pedal needs, which will move your final invention.

It will be advisable to consider each component of the future electric vehicle.

Model cars

The base of your future car can be almost any car. For this, small cars are best suited, because one of the characteristics of the electric car is ease. This property directly affect the size and material of the base car.

It is best for the role of the foundation for creating an electric vehicle, our VAZ, Zaporozhets, Oka and Slavuta, as well as foreign FIAT 126 and small ages, released until 2000.

You can create a specific body with your own hands, but consider that this is a time-consuming and expensive undertaking.

Heart of electric car

The electric motor must be purchased taking into account the dimensions of the machine and the way it is connected to the car.

If such an engine is connected to the gearbox, even the motor with a small power will come true. 5-7 Kilowatt is enough to move the car from the scene. If the connection of the electric motor is carried out through the main bridge, then you need a motor powerful. There is a pattern: the engine power directly depends on the dimensions and weight of the machine. The intimid electric motor on a small machine will provide the speed of movement not more than 75-80 km / h, when connected to the gearbox.

It is worth noting that electricity costs are independent of the power of the motor and the distance traveled. Dependence is only from the speed of the ride. The faster the car drives, the faster the battery is discharged. So feel free to choose a motor power.

Battery

When creating a new generation car with your own hands, stop your choice on lithium battery. It is this kind of power supply that can function without recharging at a speed of 80 km / h for 5 hours. Such batteries are quite alive - on average, 5 years can work. But, the energy of lithium filler is not cheap.

More economical option are lead batteries. They will serve less than two years, and function during the intensive movement of only about an hour.

To extend the battery life, you need to select them in the right volume. Small power supplies die before, due to severe wear, as quickly and completely discharged when the car moves. Therefore, it is more profitable to buy a large energy carrier with an extensive resource.

Heating

If, creating an electric vehicle with your own hands, you plan to use it in the cold seasons, it is worth thinking about the heating system.

Great electricity machine - expensive pleasure. In such conditions, the charged battery is not enough even for the implementation of one trip. Based on this, it is worth installing a heater running on gasoline or seats heating system. For electrical engineering it is better to buy a separate battery.

Power regulator

Power regulator is one of the main components of the electric vehicle that adjusts the engine thrust. The most reliable devices from American manufacturers. You can get a cheaper analogue from China.

The controller needs to be selected taking into account the power of the current. For daily travel, you can purchase a standard, 150 volt device.

In addition, in an electric vehicle, created by your own hands, you need to connect the converter with identical functions instead of the generator.

How to make an electric vehicle: instruction

To productively and quickly work, attract others to your vest. The help of acquaintances and friends will never hurt, and if they also have useful knowledge and skills, the result will exceed all the expectations! If you yourself have enough knowledge in the field of engineering, mechanics and can cope with everything, the process will go much faster with friends;

Make an algorithm and work plan, which should be accurately followed. And also create drawings and schemes of the future electric vehicle and prepare the necessary materials and tools;

Get out of cars gas engine And everything that is not a place in a car running from electricity;

Install the electric motor and connect the gearbox to it. Prepare a space for batteries, set power supplies in the back of the car and connect them. Create wiring and plug in instruments and a voltmeter;

Connect emergency brakes, vacuum pump, converter, control, etc. Power cables should be paved under the bottom of the car, so you will pre-make a few brackets;

Create a platform for power sources in front of the machine. Install the batteries, fill the oil into the transmission.

Check out the devices: 12 volts when igniting, vacuum pump, converter at 96 volt nutrition. Check the engine operation at a voltage of 12 volts. If everything works - the car succeed!

Children's electric vehicles

You can create your own electromashin for your own child, but is it necessary? Today there are many children's cars running from the battery. They are beautiful, bright, comfortable and practical in use.

Deciding, of course, you. But to buy a children's electric car is much more profitable than to make it.

Cost

Picture independent manufacture The electric vehicle will be incomplete without describing the cost of its production. If we take into account the cost of all components of the future electromashint, then it turns out 5000-8000 dollars. But all this amount pays off during the operation of the electric vehicle for 2 years.

Therefore, if you have appropriate skills, opportunities and desire, you can try to make electric vehicles with your own hands. After all, this is the future of all vehicles.

conclusions

If you are tired of unstable prices for fuel and expensive maintenance of the car, you can create electric vehicles with your own hands.

Electric vehicle - a machine operating from an electric motor that functions from batteries, in contrast to common gasoline cars. Movement machine is based on electricity. The essential advantage of such a car is that it can be charged from standard voltage using a normal outlet. So you can save, because electric Energy Today is much cheaper than fuel. It is easy to maintain an electric vehicle, as it is not necessary to monitor the level of oil and antifreeze and periodically replace them.

On such a car, it is very convenient to move around the city. The constant shift of the relief increases the fuel consumption, and the discontinuous movement does not affect the electric car.

The electric car gradually begins movement and sinks due to a small number of elements that move. Such a car does not pollute the atmosphere of fuel combustion products. This is the transport of the future!

Specifications: ➤ Speed \u200b\u200b50 km / h, reserve stroke 60-80 km km. ➤ Reverse Implemented by the controller. ➤ Weight 725 at the original, after removing unnecessary nodes of 575 kg. The final weight has not yet decided. ➤ Motor of the sequential excitation 48 volts, 150 amps, Altrax controller, 48 V, 450 A. ➤ Eight six-step stationary batteries with a capacity of 180 a * h weighing 30 kg from France. ➤ Converter from Taiwan. ➤ Charger European, smart, impulse, 56 V, 45 A. ➤ Reverse contactors, England. The car was assembled in the garage with his own hands. It is decided to establish a Golfkar motor for a 5 kW of rated power on the car. Voltage aboard while 48 volts. It is sharpened and installed on the motor flange flange with a bearing under the rotor shaft. Made a transition elastic clutch with slots at the ends and transitional plan-washer. Motor with a box are articulated. Installed on the car. Enter 220 volts made from the place of the filling neck. Through the familiar connector. Through the fuses, they brought under the hood, where there is a memory of 25 A (left). When using a full-fledged native gearbox and a 5-kilowatt electric motor, the overclocking dynamics is approximately the same as the 1000 cubes donor. Voltage drawdown is not marked. On the Altrax controller, a limit of 70% start and max currents is calibrated. Switching gear light, without jerks and side sounds. The brakes require some effort despite the cutting mass of cars in 900 kg + 100 kg of driver. In general, the dynamics and handling of the car are good. Before installing on the car replaced the oil in the checkpoint. Filled an automatic with a viscosity coefficient by SAE equal to 50 units. It is assumed that the efficiency of the mild gearbox is not lower than 94-95%. Losses are insignificant. Much smaller than due to the operation of the electric motor outside the nominal revolutions in case of refusal from the full transmission. The clutch is not installed on all cars. Excess node. Only reduce overclocking dynamics. The energy of the rotating rotor of the electric motor is negligible compared to the state of resting the car. After a five-minute intense check-in, the controller on the radiator and the electric motor is only slightly warm. As a positive result of moderate loads on the electrical part. By using the PPC. There is an opportunity to further increase the dynamics of overclocking, removing all restrictions from the controller. The wiring is made by a cable of 70 square meters. It wanders the thought of putting 8 Akb Minn-Cat, 100 a * h, 12 V. They are close to the current one. Will weigh 185 kg instead of 240 kg. And the energy intensity will provide about 10 kW * h. Now theoretically 9 kWh * h, in practice - less. They are not new. When placed on the machine of four 105 a * h and four 120 a * h, the Akb "Dec" can be obtained by almost 11 kW * h energy with a mass of batteries of only 205 kg. What will provide mileage on one charge at least 100 km at a speed of 60 km / h. At the price of a battery total 50.000. And resource up to 700 cycles at 60% discharge. On brakes. Perhaps a vacuum amplifier will be installed. There's a meaning. The kit is available. Heating salon will be. It is planned to stick a couple of dozen ceramic resistors of 25 W on the stove radiator. Other options are possible. Counting the cost of components: 1. The cost of the motor was 500 dollars, used the controller - about the same. 2. In case of refusal of the PPC, an electric motor with a MKP would be as minimally 4 times large. And the corresponding converter to it. At a summary price of at least 4500 dollars. Weighing 50 kg. Immediately there would be a need to acquire more powerful AKB. Put a different contactor. And much more.

In conclusion, it is not superfluous to report that a cheap electric car satisfying most of the requirements for the car is possible. We came to this conclusion from the following considerations: 1. The electric vehicle in the budget version can drive up to 100 km per day. 2. The main path of most people living and operating in the city from home to work and back does not exceed 50-60 kilometers, and this is the main daily route. And really, if you think, it becomes clear that this main route eats a lot of money on gasoline, despite the fact that half the time people stand in traffic. At the same time, gasoline continues to be consumed, and the electric vehicle at this point is not to consume any watt of energy. In addition, the property of batteries is such that, if simple, they are a bit self-painting. So that for electric vehicle it is profitable in double. 3. The electric car can please the owner of the cheap operation, dynamicity, the ability to move in those places where the downlock is prohibited. Ride occurs in complete silence. 4. In the world there is a process of electrification of transport. Automakers are developing serial electric cars. In the coming years, electric cars will begin to go from conveyors by a mass flow.

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The exhaustion of hydrocarbon fuel, deterioration of the environmental situation and a number of other reasons sooner or later will make manufacturers to develop models of electric vehicles that will be available for wide segments of the population. In the meantime, it remains only to wait or personally develop options for environmentally friendly equipment.

If you still prefer to search for solutions, and not wait for them from the side, then you will need knowledge about what engines for the electric vehicle have already invented what they differ and which one is the most promising.

Traction engine

If you decide to put an ordinary electric motor under the hood of your car, then, most likely, nothing will come out of this. And all because you need a traction electric motor (TED). It differs from conventional electric motors with greater power, the ability to produce a larger torque, in small dimensions and a small mass.

For nutrition traction electric motor Batteries are used. They can be recharged from external sources ("from the outlet"), from solar panels, from a generator installed in a car, or in recovery mode (self-compound charge).

Engines for electric vehicles most often work from lithium-ion batteries. The TED usually functions in two modes - motor and generator. In the latter case, it fills the spent supply of electricity during the transition to neutral speed.

Principle of operation

The standard electric motor consists of two elements - stator and rotor. The first component is fixed, has several coils, and the second performs rotational movements and transmits force to the shaft. On the coil of the stator with a certain periodicity, an alternating electric current is fed, which causes the appearance of a magnetic field that starts rotating the rotor.

The more often the coil "turns on-off", the faster the shaft rotates. Two types of rotor can be installed in engines for electric cars:

short-circuit on which the magnetic field occurs opposite to the field of the stator, due to which the rotation occurs;
phase - used to reduce the starting current and control of the rotational speed of the shaft, is the most common.

In addition, depending on the speed of rotation of the magnetic field and the rotor, the engines can be asynchronous and synchronous. This or that type must be chosen from the available tools and the tasks.

Synchronous Engine

The synchronous motor is a TED, in which the rotor speed coincides with the speed of rotation of the magnetic field. Such engines for electric vehicles are appropriately used only in cases where there is a source of high power - from 100 kW.

One of the varieties is the stator winding of such a setting is divided into several sections. At a certain point, the current is fed to a specific section, the magnetic field occurs, which rotates the rotor to a certain angle. Then the current is fed to the next section, and the process is repeated, the shaft begins to rotate.

Asynchronous electric motor

IN asynchronous engine The speed of rotation of the magnetic field does not coincide with the rotational speed of the rotor. The plus of such devices is maintainability - spare parts for electric vehicles equipped with these installations, finding very simple. Other benefits include:

Simple design.
Easy service and operation.
Low cost.
High reliability.

Depending on the presence of engines can be collective and blissful. The collector is a device that serves to convert alternating current to a permanent. Brushes serve to transmit electricity to the rotor.

Bediated engines for electric vehicles are characterized by a smaller mass, compact dimensions and higher efficiency. They are less likely overheat and consume less electricity. The only minus of such an engine is a high price for the electronic unitwhich serves as a manifold. In addition, find spare parts for electric vehicles equipped with a non-micolster engine, more complicated.

Motor manufacturers

Most homemade electric vehicles are designed using a collector engine. This is explained by affordable, low price and easy maintenance.

The German company Perm-Motor is prominent manufacturer of data line. Its products are capable of recuperative braking in the generator mode. It is actively used to equip scooters, motor boats, passenger cars, Electric lifting devices. If installed in each electric vehicle, their price would be significantly lower. Now they stand within 5-7 thousand euros.

The popular manufacturer is Etek, which is engaged in the production of brushless and brush collector engines. As a rule, these are three-phase motors operating on permanent magnets. Main advantages of installations:

control accuracy;
ease of recovery organization;
high reliability due to simple design.

Completes a list of manufacturers factory from US Advanced DC Motors, producing collector electromotors. Some models have an exceptional feature - they have a second spindle that can be used to connect an additional electrical equipment to the automobile-electric vehicle.

Which engine to choose

To buy you not disappointed, it is necessary to compare the characteristics of the acquired model with the requirements for the vehicle. When choosing an electric motor, first oriented on its type:

Synchronous installations have a complex device and expensive, but have an overloading ability, they are easier to manage, they are not afraid of voltage drops, are used at high loads. They are installed on the electric car Mercedes.
Asynchronous models are low cost, simple device. They are easy to maintain and operate, however, the power allocated by them is much less than the same synchronous installation.

The electric car the price will be significantly lower if the electric motor will work in a pair with an internal combustion engine. In the market, such combined installations are greater popularity, since their cost is about 4-4.5 thousand euros.

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