Determination of time standards for loading and unloading vehicles. Uniform standards for car downtime under loading - unloading operations of downtime under loading unloading

29.12.2020

Table 2 -The norms of time of downtime of onboard vehicles during loading and unloading of bulk goods by a mechanized method

Shipping Name	Method
Shipping Name	loading	unloading	over 1.5 to 3.0	over 3.0 to 5.0	over 5.0 to 7.0	over 7.0 to 10.0	over 10.0 to 15.0	over 15.0 to 20.0	over 20.0

Fertilizers, manure, etc.	Excavator up to 1 cubic meter. M.	Scrapers, grids
Fertilizers, manure, etc.	Excavator from 1 to 3 cubic meters. M.	Scrapers, grids
	Bunker, grain loader, conveyor	Car forward-loader
	From the bunker combine, loader	Car forward-loader

Table 3 -The norms of time of the downtime of onboard vehicles during loading and unloading with cranes, loaders and other similar cargo mechanisms packed and without packaging that do not require special devices for their attachment

Load capacity car, T.	Weight of cargo while improving the mechanism, t
	up to 1.0	over 1.0 to 3.0	over 3.0 to 5.0	over 5.0
	time rate, min.	time rate, min.	time rate, min.	time rate, min.
Over 1.5 to 3.0
Over 3.0 to 5.0
Over 5.0 to 7.0
Over 7.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 15.0
Over 15.0 to 20.0

Table 4 -Norms of time downtime for car dump trucks with mechanized loading of bulk goods, unloading them with a dump truck

Shipping Name

Method

loading

Capacity bucket, cube. M.

Car dump trucks, t

over 1.5 to 3.0

over 3.0 to 4.0

over 4.0 to 5.0

over 5.0 to 6.0

over 6.0 to 7.0

over 7.0 to 9.0

over 9.0 to 10.0

over 10.0 to 12.0

over 12.0 to 15.0

over 15.0 to 20.0

over 20.0 to 25.0

over 25.0.

On 1 tons of cargo. Dost time rate, min

Fertilizers, manure, etc.

Excavator

Construction and other goods, easily separated from car dump truck (sand, earth, crushed stone, gravel, natural stones, ceramzit, etc.)

Excavator

Over 1 to 3

Over 3 to 5

Viscous and semi-competitive loads (clay, raw breed, etc.), and also partially matched and staring soil

Excavator

Over 1 to 3

Over 3 to 5

Cereals (rye, barley, wheat, etc.)

Bunker, grain loader

Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.)

From bunker, combine

Gravel, crushed stone, natural stones, coal stone, etc.

Bunker, conveyor

Solutions, building masses (concrete, cement, asphalt, etc.)

Bunker

Mixer

Flour cereal and all technical

Bunker

Note. Downtime standards are also distributed on car tractors with dump trucks.

Table 5 -Time norms of downtime on loading cars under loading and unloading of goods in the packages with a mechanized manner

Car load capacity, t

On 1 tons of cargo. Dost time rate, min

autocran

gantry, bridge and other cranes

auto and electric loaders

Pallets weighing gross, t

Table 6 -Time norms of downtime onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, loaders and other similar mechanisms

Table 7 -Time norms of downtime of on-board cars and car vans during loading and unloading manually carbon goods, packed and without packaging

Time rate, min.	Car load capacity, t	Time rate, min.

font size

General rules for the carriage of goods by road (UTV- Maintainstotrans RSFSR 30-07-71) (2020) relevant in 2018

Time norms for loading or unloading cars (road trains)

1. Time norms for the fulfillment of loading and unloading work performed by means of railways with a centralized veneer (export) of goods at the railway station by road of general use, are shown in Table. 1, 2, 3.

Table 1

Time Norms for Mechanized Loading - Car Unloading

(in minutes)

	Loading		Unloading
			loads transported with the scoreboard (pcs.)	loads transported without bills (bulk)
Up to 1.5 inclusive	9	4	9	4
	10	5	10	5
"2.5 to 4"	12	6	12	6
"4 to 7"	15	7	15	7
"7 to 10"	20	8	20	8
"10 to 15"	25	10	25	10
"15 to 20"	30	15	30	15

Note. The mechanized loading or unloading is considered when laying the cargo in the car body or removing it from the car body is made by lifting - transport machines.

table 2

Time norms on non-mechanized loading and unloading cars

(in minutes)

Car load capacity (tons)	Loading		Unloading
Car load capacity (tons)	loads transported with the scoreboard (pcs.)	loads transported without bills (bulk)	loads transported with the scoreboard (pcs.)	loads transported without bills (bulk)
Up to 1.5 inclusive	19	14	13	8
Over 1.5 to 2.5 inclusive	20	15	15	10
"2.5 to 4"	24	18	18	12
"4 to 7"	29	21	22	14
"7 to 10"	37	25	28	16
"10 to 15"	45	30	34	19
"15 to 20"	52	37	40	25

Note. The non-comedian loading (unloading) is considered when laying of cargo in the car body or removing it from the car body is manually produced.

Table 3.

Time norms for loading (unloading) containers for cars

(in minutes)

2. Time norms specified in Table. 1 and 2, increase:

a) when weighing the cargo on automotive scales or recalculate freight places - for 4 minutes for each definition of weight of cargo or recalculation in every car or trailer, regardless of class of cargo and cargo capacity of the car and trailer;

b) when weighing and overweighting the cargo on decimal, mid-scales on a car (road tray) with a carrying capacity of up to 4 tons inclusive - for 9 minutes, with a carrying capacity of over 4 to 7 tons - for 13 minutes and for cars (road trains) with a carrying capacity of over 7 tons - by 18 minutes;

c) by 10% if the loading or unloading of goods is made from car vendor type;

d) by 25% - during loading and unloading of industrial and food cargo, requiring special caution (glass, porcelain and faience, liquid different in glass containers, musical instruments, televisions, radiostics, devices, furniture), as well as fine piece goods, Valval or in small packaging and requiring recalculation (underwear, shoes, hats, clothing, haberdashery, knitwear, cloths are different, writing accessories, books, toys, meat and meat products, dairy products).

3. On loading and unloading of large and heavy cargoes that require special devices for fastening, the time norms are established depending on the specific conditions by agreement of the parties.

4. When supplying cars to several sections of warehouses or individual warehouses by mutual agreement of the parties signing the contract for a centralized bridge (export) of cargo, the average comprehensive standards of car downtime (road transport) under loading or unloading and performing additional operations, taking into account established norms and actual number of additional operations performed.

5. The car downtime (road trip) under loading or unloading is calculated from the moment of supplying the car (road trip) to the place of loading or unloading and delivery of transport documents to the transportation documents to the transportation of goods until the end of loading or unloading and serving the shovel is properly executed transport documents.

6. In the norm of time indicated in Table. 1, 2, 3, included the time required for loading (unloading) of the cargo with a lift or the reaches of the cargo, to maneuvering the car (road trip), linking and unleashing the cargo, cargo coating with tarpauloscent and removal of tarpaulin, opening and closing the vehicles (doors) of the car and trailers, as well as the design of documents for the Transportation (export) of goods.

Appendix N 4.
to the rules of centralized delivery
(export) cargo car
common use by transport
at the railway station,
located
on the territory of the RSFSR

Flour cereal and all technical

Bunker

The norms of time of downtime of onboard vehicles during loading and unloading of bulk goods by a mechanized method (min. Per 1 ton)

Shipping Name	Method	Load capacity of onboard vehicles, t
loading	unloading	Over 1.5 to 3.0	Over 3 to 5	Over 5 to 7	Over 7 to 10	Over 10 to 15	Over 15 to 20
Fertilizers manure, etc.	Excavator up to 1 cubic meter. M.	Scrapers, grids
Excavator from 1 to 3 cubic meters. M.	Scrapers, grids
Cereals (rye, barley, wheat, etc.)	Bunker, grain loader, conveyor	Car forward-loader
Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.)	From the bunker combine, loader	Car-le unloaded

Time norms of the downtime of onboard vehicles during loading and unloading with cranes, loaders and other similar cargo mechanisms packed and without packaging that do not require special devices for their mounting (min.)

	Weight of cargo while improving the mechanism, t
	Up to 1.0	Over 1.0 to 3.0	Over 3.0 to 5.0	Over 5.0
Over 1.5 to 3.0
Over 3.0 to 5.0
Over 5.0 to 7.0
Over 7.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 15.0
Over 15.0 to 20.0
Over 20.0

The norms of time of downtime of onboard vehicles under loading and unloading of goods in the packages with a mechanized manner and piece rates (min. Per 1 ton)

Car load capacity

Pallets weighing gross, t

gantry, bridge and other cranes

auto and electric loaders

Time norms for downtime for car tanks at breathing and plum of bulk cargo

Operating volume of tank, cubic. m, thousand l
Self	Using pump	Pumped with pump, draining samothecom, and vice versa
	dark petroleum products	loads Food and Light Petroleum products	dark oil-product	loads Food and Light Petroleum products	dark petroleum products
Up to 1.5
Over 1.5 to 3.0
Over 3.0 to 5.0
Over 5.0 to 7.0
Over 7.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 15.0
Over 15.0 to 20.0
Over 20.0

Downtime rate of downtime for car tanks when loading through the upper hatches and unloading with gravitational and pneumatic methods

Operating volume of tanks, thousand l, cube. M.	The rate of time on the operational volume of the tank, min.
mathematically raw materials
Up to 3.0.
Over 3.0 to 5.0
Over 5.0 to 7.0
Over 7.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 15.0
Over 15.0 to 20.0
Over 20.0

Note. The norms take into account additional time to blame the tank and blowing the discharge hose.

Time norms of downtime onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, loaders and other similar mechanisms

Note. In the time of time, the time required for loading (unloading) of the cargo with a pick or the reaches of the cargo, to maneuvering the car (road trip), linking and unleashing the cargo, cargo coating with tarpaulom and removal of tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of the car and trailers, and Also registration of documents for the bridge (export) of goods. Specified idle time norms also extend to semi-trailers tractors.

Time norms of downtime of on-board cars and car vans during loading and unloading manually carbon goods, packed and without packaging

Time norms of downtime on the loading vehicles during loading or unloading of hand-made goods into the container without removing it from the car

Mass container, t	The rate of downtime of the car during loading or unloading of goods, min.
on the first container	on the second and each subsequent container in this ride
Up to 0.5
Over 0.5 to 1.25
Over 1.25 to 2.0
Over 2.0 to 3.0
Over 3.0 to 5.0
Over 5.0 to 10.0
Over 10.0 to 20.0
Over 20.0

Downtime rate of specialized rolling stock for container transportation of goods when loading or unloading containers using lifting equipment

Rolling stock	Data time rate when loading or unloading one container, min.
Mass of one container, t
up to 0.25.	from 0.25 to 0.45	from 0.45 to 0.625	2,5 (3,0)
Self-loading car with a lifting board (model TsPKTB A130)
Car Van with a lifting board (Model TsPKTB - A130F)
Car self-loader with crane installation 4030p
Car self-loader with a portal crane on the basis of the car ZIL-130 (NIIAT-A825 model)
Car self-loader with a portal crane (model NIIAT-P404)
Car self-loader with a portal crane based on KAMAZ-5320 car (model 5983)
Semi-trailer-self-loading loader HLS-200.78 TC

Note. The rate of idle time under loading or unloading the vehicle is determined by multiplying the time norm set to one container, by the number of containers.

Cars downtime rates when performing additional work in the process of loading or unloading goods

Name of works	Dost time rate, min.
1. Weighing cargo on automotive scales: 1.1. For each determination of weight of cargo in a car or in a trailer (weighing of the empty and loader or trailer), regardless of class of cargo and car load capacity
1.2. For each definition of weight of cargo in the auto-survey (weighing the empty and loader car with a trailer or semi-trailer), regardless of class of cargo and car carrying capacity
2. Weighing or outweight cargo on decimal or mid-scales per car (road tray) with a loading capacity, T: up to 4 inclusive Over 4 to 7 inclusive Over 7
3. Recalculation of cargo places for each car, semi-trailer or trailer, regardless of class of cargo and carrying capacity
4. Check in each intermediate point of loading or unloading, regardless of car carrying capacity (road trip)

Time norms for postpoint and hook of exchange semi-trailers

Table 7.13

Estimated range of trucks

Time norms per T-km n (BP) are calculated using the following formula:

60 N (BP) \u003d -------,
V xp x Q

where 60 is a translated coefficient of 1 hour per minute; V - the estimated range of the cargo car, km / h; P is the utility utilization coefficient, (3 \u003d 0.5; q - car carrying capacity, t.

a) when working outside the city:

b) when working in the city - regardless of the type of road surface for cars and road trains with a carrying capacity of up to 7 tons (tank trucks up to 6 thousand liters) - 25 km per hour, and for 7 tons (tank truck 6 thousand l) and above - 24 km at one o'clock.

During the operation of the driver of the car on the roads of various groups in one ride, the norm of time at one-time rides are installed on the prevailing group of roads.

The calculated rules of the flea of \u200b\u200btrucks can be reduced by the head of the enterprise:

when transporting goods requiring special caution (acid, flammable substances, liquids in glassware, glass products, musical instruments, televisions, radiostics, devices, etc., as well as goods in bulky high-boiling containers, lightweight cargo transported with linking in the height of loading over the established dimensions of the car, dusting (cargoes, explosives) - within up to 15%;

when working at a distance of 1 km, as well as in roads, in careers and in the hard-to-reach areas of the path (during the dissolve, in the absence of roads, etc.) - in the absence of up to 40% against the norms established for natural dirt roads;

when working at a distance of more than 1 to 3 km on the roads of groups A, B, B - within up to 20%.

When working with a semi-trailer of the time rate by 1 TKM, it is accepted with a coefficient of 1.2, and when operating, respectively, with a semi-trailer and trailer or two trailers - 1.0.

According to the loads of the 4th grade, providing a capacity utilization factor below 0.5 when the vehicle load is fully loaded with the use of expedited sides, it is allowed to set the time standards to the actual coefficient of using the car's carrying capacity.

In cases where, as a result of the use of extensive sides and other similar activities during the carriage of freights of 2-4th classes, the car carrying capacity is used completely, the correction coefficients to the time standards are not used.

Time norms per 1 t. Km When working on cars I group (onboard cars and automobiles of general purposes)

Car load capacity, t	Time rate, min.
In the town	Outside the city by road groups

Time standards and piece prices for 1 tons. Km When working on car II cars (specialized: dump trucks, vans, refrigerators, container shipments, etc.; Semi-tractors and ballast tractors with trailers)

Car load capacity, t	Time rate, min.
In the town	Outside the city by road groups

When using these rules of time, workers engaged in the organization of transportation, as well as those who are responsible for organizing the labor of drivers, it is necessary to take into account new inter-sectoral standards for loading, unloading cars, vehicles and warehouse work, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social development of the Russian Federation of 01.01.2001 N 76.

Table P 4.1.

Basic and additional rules of time to perform loading and unloading, min.

Car lifting capacity (road train), t	Main norms	Additional time
For bulk cargo	For other cargo
In loading points
Up to 1.5 inclusive

\u003e\u003e 2.5 to 4.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 4.0 to 7.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 7.0 to 10.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 10.0 to 15.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 15.0 to 20.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 20.0 to 30.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 30.0 to 40.0 \u003e\u003e
Over 40.0
In unloading points (except for car dump trucks)
Up to 1.5 inclusive
Over 1.5 to 2.5 inclusive
\u003e\u003e 2.5 to 4.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 4.0 to 7.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 7.0 to 10.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 10.0 to 15.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 15.0 to 20.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 20.0 to 30.0 \u003e\u003e
\u003e\u003e 30.0 to 40.0 \u003e\u003e
Over 40.0
In unloading points (for car dump trucks)
Up to 6.0 inclusive			–
Over 6.0 to 10.0 inclusive			–
"10.0			–

Note. Viscous and semi-competitive cargo are attributed to the bulk, with the exception of mortars, which are related to other goods. Other cargoes include loose goods (with transportation in cementoses and flour) and agricultural goods (when they loaded on the bunker).

The performance of loading and unloading works for car dump trucks engaged in the transportation of rock and minerals in open mountain works, as well as during the transport of mass bulk cargoes of industry and construction, special norms of idle time are established (see Table P.4.2).

Table P 4.2.

Time norms for carrying out loading and unloading for car dump trucks, occupied by careers and with mass traffic (min.)

In addition to the above basic and additional standards, special idle time norms have been established when filling out car tanks with bulk loads and drainage of these goods from tanks, as well as during loading and unloading of goods transported in containers (see Table. P 4.3 and P 4.4).

Table P 4.3.

Time norms for pouring and draining Self-commercial tanks (min.)

Table P 4.4.

Time standards for loading and unloading
with containers (min.)

The mass of gross container, t	Mechanized loading of one container on a car or unloading it from the car	Loading of goods to the container or unloading from it without removing from the car
On the first container	On the second and each subsequent in this ride



0,63
1,25
2,5. ...3,0
5,0
10,0
20,0
25,0			–
30.0			–

Appendix 5.
List of international highways passing through the territory of the Russian Federation and the CIS member states

E-18.	... Stockholm - Aland (ferry) - Turku - Helsinki - border of Finland - Vyborg (M-10) - St. Petersburg
E-20	... Stockholm (ferry) - Tallinn - estonian Border (M-11) - St. Petersburg
E-22.	... from Sweden (Norrchping ferry0 - Ventspils - Riga - Madona - Rezekne - latvia Border - Sebezh (M-9) - Pusta - Great Luke - Moscow - Vladimir (M-7) - Nizhny Novgorod
E-28	... from Szczecin - Gdansk (ferry) - Kaliningrad (A-229) - Chernyakhovsk - Nesterov - Lithuanian border - Marijampol - Vilnius - Minsk
E-30.	... London ... - Hague ... - Hannover ... - Berlin - Warsaw - Brest - Kobrin - Minsk - border of Belarus - Smolensk (M-1) - Moscow - Ryazan (M-5) - Penza - Syzran - Samara - Ufa - Chelyabinsk (M-51) - Kurgan - Makushino - Ishim - Omsk
E-38.	From E-101: Glukhov - border of Ukraine - Rylsk - Kursk - Potter (A-144) - Voronezh - Birisoglebsk - Balashov - Saratov - Engels - Ershov - Ozinki - Border of Kazakhstan - Uralsk - Aktyubinsk - Karabak - Aralsk - Kzyl-Horde
E-40	... Brussels ... - Cologne ... - Dresden - Wroclaw - Krakow - Przemysl - Mostisl - Lviv - Rivne - Zhytomyr Kiev - Poltava - Kharkov - Debaltsevo - Lugansk - border of Ukraine - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (M-21) - Morozovsk - Volgograd (M-6) - Astrakhan - Kotyaevka - Border of Kazakhstan - Atyrau - Baineu - Nukus - Bukhara - Navoi - Samarkand - Tashkent - Chimkent - Bishkek - Alma-Ata - Talda Kurgan - Ust-Kamenogorsk - Ayaguz - Georgievka - Leninogorsk
E-50	... Paris ... - Nyunberg ... - Prague - Brno - Zhilina - Kosice - Cherry German - Uzhgorod - Mukachevo - Stry - Ternopil - Khmelnitsky - Vinnitsa - Uman - Kirovograd - Dnepropetrovsk - Donetsk - Debaltsevo - border of Ukraine - Novoshakhtinsk (M-19) - Rostov-on-Don (M-4) - Pavlovskaya (M-29) - Armavir - Mineralnye Vody - Nalchik - Vladikavkaz - Grozny - Makhachkala
E-58.	Vienna - Bratislava - Zvolen - Kosice - Uzhgorod - Mukachevo - Halmeu (Romania) - Suceava - Iasi - Leuchens - Chisinau - Tiraspol - Odessa - Nikolaev - Kherson - Melitopol - Mariupol - border of Ukraine - Taganrog (M-23) - Rostov-on-Don
E-77.	Pskov (A-212) - Izborsk - Estonian Border - Apé - Riga - Siauliai - Taurage - lithuanian border - Soviet (A-216) - Tip - Kaliningrad (ferry) - Gdansk - Elblag - Olsztyn - Warsaw and Next to Budapest
E-95	St. Petersburg - Pskov (M-20) - Nevel - Border of Belarus - Vitebsk - Orsha - Mogilyov - Gomel - Chernigov - Kiev - White Church - Uman - Revov - Odessa - ferry to Turkey (Samsun)
E-97.	Kherson - Dzhanka - Feodosia - Kerch (ferry) - Kerch Strait (M-25) - Anapa - Novorossiysk (M-4) - Dzhubga (M-27) - Sochi - Georgian Border- Sukhumi - Poti - Batumi - Trabzon - Gyumyushhan - Ashkale (up to E-80)
E-101.	Moscow (M-3) - Kaluga - Bryansk - Border of Ukraine - Glukhov - Kiev (up to E-95)
E-105	Kirkenes (Norway) - Pechenga - Murmansk - Petrozavodsk (M-180 - New Ladoga - Saint-Nowburg (M-10) - Novgorod - Tver - Moscow (M-2) - Tula - Eagle - Kursk - Belgorod - Border of Ukraine - Kharkov - Dnepropetrovsk - Zaporizhia - Melitopol - Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta
E-115	Yaroslavl (M-8) - Moscow (M-4) - Kashira - Efremov - Voronezh - Pavlovsk - Rostov-on-Don -Krasnodar (A-146) - Verkhnebakansky - Novorossiysk
E-117.	Mineral waters (M-29) - Nalchik - Beslan - Vladikavkaz (A-301) - Nizhn. Lars - Georgian Border - Tbilisi - Yerevan - Goris - Megry
E-119.	Moscow (from Kashira) - Tambov (M-6) - Borisoglebsk - Volgograd - Astrakhan - Makhachkala - Border of Azerbaijan- Baku - Astara
E-121.	Samara - Big Chernigov - the border of Kazakhstan - Uralsk - Atyrau - Baineu - Shetpe - Bekdash - Turkmenbashi - Gyzilarbat - Iran's border
E-123.	Chelyabinsk - Troitsk - Border of Kazakhstan - Kustanay - Equil - Dervinsk - Arkalyk - Kzyl-Orda - Chimkent - Tashkent - Ayney - Dushanbe - N. Pyanj
E-127.	Omsk - Cherlak - Border of Kazakhstan - Pavlodar - Semipalatinsk - Georgievka - Zaisan - Maikapchigai - China Border
E-262.	Kaunas - Ukmerge - Daugavpils - Rezekne - Latvia Border - Island (to E-95)
E-381.	Eagle (from the cable on M-2) - Kalinovka (A-142 to E-101)
E-592.	Krasnodar (M-4) - Dzhubga

A-3.	Ulan-Ude (A-165) - Kyakhta - Mongolia border - Altanbulak - Suke Batar - Ulan Bator - Sainshand and Next to Beijing
A-4.	Novosibirsk (M-52) - Biysk - Tashanta - Border of Mongolia - Tsagagnur - Ulagay - Cobdo and further in China (Urumchi ...)
A-6.	... - Chhondin - border of the DPRK - Hassan - Vladivostok - Ussuriysk - Galenci - Border - Border of China - Suifyunhe - Mulle - Harbin - Cizzicar - Highlar - Manchuria - china Border - Zabaikalsk (A-166) - Chita - Ulan-Ude (M-55) - Irkutsk - Krasnoyarsk (M-53) - Kemerovo - Novosibirsk - Omsk (M-51) - Border of Kazakhstan - Petropavlovsk - border of Kazakhstan - Petukhovo - Kurgan - Chelyabinsk (M-5) - Ufa - Samara - Penza - Moscow (M-1) - Smolensk - Red - Border of Belarus
A-7.	Yekaterinburg - Chelyabinsk (M-36) - Troitsk - Border of Kazakhstan - Kustanai - Astana - Karaganda and then through Tashkent and Dushanbe to Afghanistan and Pakistan
A-8.	Border of Finland - Vyborg (M-10) - St. Petersburg - Tver - Moscow - Kashira (M-6) - Tambov - Volgograd - Astrakhan (A-215) - Kochubey - Kizilyurt - Khasavyurt - Makhachkala (M-29) - Derbent - Border of Azerbaijan - Samur - Cuba - Sumgait - Baku and then through Astara to Iran
A-30	Vladivostok (M-60) - Khabarovsk - Birobidzhan (Amur) - Tynda - Chita
A-31	Free - Blagoveshchensk - China Border - Heihe - Wayan and then in China
A-32	Nakhodka - Vladivostok - Hassan - Border of the DPRK - Unga - the border of China
A-60	Omsk (M-38) - Cherlak - Border of Kazakhstan - Pavlodar - Semipalatinsk - Georgievka - Talda Kurgan - Alma-Ata - Kaskelen - Chiganak (up to A-7)
A-61.	Kashgar (from A-4) - Pass Turugart - Naryn - Bishkek - Georgievka - Steppe - Merke- Dzhambul - Chimkent - Kzyl-Orda - Aralsk - Karabak - Aktyubinsk - Uralsk - border of Kazakhstan - Ozinki - Engels - Saratov - Borisoglebsk - Voronezh (A-144) - Kursk - Cane (A-142) - Kalinovka - Border of Ukraine
A-63.	Samara (M-32) - Big Chernigov - Border of Kazakhstan - Uralsk - Atyrau - Baineu - Nukus - Bukhara - Karshi - Guzar
A-64.	Barnaul (A-349) - Rubtsovsk - Border of Kazakhstan - Semipalatinsk - Pavlodar - Ekibastuz - Astana - Alekseevka - Kokchetav - Petropavlovsk
A-70	border of Ukraine - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky - Volgograd - Astrakhan - Kotyaevka - Border of Kazakhstan - Atyrau - Makat - Baineu - Aktau - Turkmenbashi - Nebit-Doug - Kizyl-Arvat - Goran - Sari and then Iran
A-81.	Aktau (ferry) - Baku - Alyat - Kazi-Magomed - Goradis - Megry - Julf - Nakhichevan - Yerevan - Tbilisi - Kazbegi - Border of Russia (Lower Lars)
A-82.	From Iran (from A-1) Julf - Nurdysu - Agrar - Megry - Cafe - Goris - Vaik - Vedi - Yerevan - Ashtarak - Talin - Gyumri - Agnots - Akhaltsikhe - Hashuri - Kutaisi - Senaki - Zugdidi - Sukhumi - Lestelidze - border of Russia (Adler)

Note: Italics is noted on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Appendix 5.
Ferry crossings

Below are information about the mode of operation (timetable) of ferry crossing and some specific requirements.

Baltic Sea

Russia - Germany

St. Petersburg - Zassnitz - Kiel

Schedule:

At Kil
Port of departure	Days of the week	The local time	Port of arrival	Days of the week	The local time
St. Petersburg	Wednesday	19:00	Zassnitz	Friday	18:00
	Saturday	19:00		Monday	18:00
Zassnitz	Friday	21:00	Keel	Saturday	9:00
	Monday	21:00		Tuesday	9:00
On St. Petersburg
Port of departure	Days of the week	The local time	Port of arrival	Days of the week	The local time
Keel	Wednesday	19:00	Zassnitz	Thursday	6:00
	Saturday	19:00		Sunday	6:00
Zassnitz	Thursday	9:00	St. Petersburg	Saturday	11:00
	Sunday	9:00		Tuesday	11:00

Booking places:

No later than three days before the expected date of waste

The arrival of motor vehicles no later than 12 hours before the ship's departure.

Kaliningrad - Teremünde

Works daily; Customers sending more than 2 vehicles with each flight are provided with discounts.

Finland - Germany

Helsinki - Lubeck

Departure - Daily:

From Helsinki 19.00 (Fr. - 20.00, Sat / Sun - 16.00);

From Lubeck 18.00 (Sun - 15.00).

Helsinki - Tallinn - Rostock

Schedule:

Finland - Germany - United Kingdom - Estonia

Turku - Bremenhaven - Harwich - Tsuhaven - Tallinn

Schedule:

Estonia - Denmark - Germany

Muuga - Copenhagen - Archus - Kiel

Schedule:

Muuga - Monday;

Copenhagen - Wednesday;

Arhus is Thursday;

Kiel - Friday.

Lithuania - Sweden

Klaipeda - Stockholm

Schedule:

Day of the week	Klaipeda	Stockholm
Arrival	Departure	Arrival	Departure
Pn.			09:30	17:30
W	10:00	16:00
Cf.			09:30	17:30
Thu.	10:00	16:00
Fri.			9:30
Sat				17:30
VSK.	10:00	16:00

Klaipeda - Ahus.

Schedule:

Day of the week	Klaipeda	Ahus
Arrival	Departure	Arrival	Departure
Pn.			11:00
W				17:00
Cf.	10:00	18:00
Thu.			11:00	17:00
Fri.	10:00	18:00
Sat			11:00	17:00
VSK.	10:00	18:00

Lithuania - Germany

Klaipeda - Mukran.

Schedule:

Day of the week	Klaipeda	Mukran.
Arrival	Departure	Arrival	Departure
Pn.	10:00		10:00
W				15:00
Cf.	10:00	15:00
Thu.			10:00	15:00
Fri.	10:00	15:00
Sat		15:00	10:00	15:00
VSK.	10:00	15:00	10:00	15:00

Klaipeda - Kiel

Schedule:

Day of the week	Klaipeda	Keel
Arrival	Departure	Arrival	Departure
Pn.		24:00	12:00
	06:00	18:00	07:00	16:00
W	18:00	24:00		16:00
Cf.	18:00	24:00	07:00 08:00	16:00
Thu.	18:00	24:00	07:00	18:00
Fri.	20:00		08:00	18:00
Sat	20:00		07:00	16:00
		24:00		17:00
VSK.		10:00	10:00	15:00
	18:00

Finland - Sweden

Helsinki - Stockholm

Schedule:

Turku - Stockholm

Schedule:

Latvia - Germany

Liepaja - Rostock (Germany) - Liepaja

Timetable:

From Liepaja - Tuesday, Thursday - 02.00

From Rostock - Wednesday, Saturday - 19.00

Time on the way is 26 hours.

Riga - Kiel - Riga

Timetable:

Every fifth day from Riga and Kiel according to the schedule (parking in Kiel - 24 hours).

Time on the way - 44 hours.

Riga - Lubeck - Riga

Timetable:

Every fifth day from Riga and Lubeck on schedule.

Time on the way is 36 hours.

Latvia - Sweden

Riga - Stockholm - Riga

Timetable:

From Riga - Monday and Friday - 18.00

From Stockholm - Sunday - 16.00

Wednesday - 19.00

Time in the way - 18 hours.

Ventspils - Westerwick - Ventspils

Timetable:

From Ventspils - Tuesday, Sunday - 20.00

Thursday - 09.00

From Westerwick - Monday - 23.00

Wednesday - 18.00

Saturday - 20.00

Time on the way - 12 hours.

Liepaja - Carlshamn - Liepaja

Timetable:

From Liepaja - Wednesday, Friday, Sunday - 18.30

From Karlshamna - Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday - 17.00

Time on the way is 16 hours.

Black Sea

Russia - Turkey

Novorossiysk - Samsun

Movement schedule: 1 waste after 2-3 days as the ferry fuses in Samsum. The duration of the flight is 14-16 hours.

Sochi - Trabzon

Movement schedule: 2 times a week.

Bulgaria - Georgia - Russia

Burgas - Poti - Novorossiysk - Burgas

Movement schedule: 1 time per week, on Fridays from Novorossiysk, on Mondays from Burgas, on Thursdays from Poti.

Ukraine - Turkey

Skadovsk - Zonguldak

Evpatoria - Zonguldak

Schedule: 1 time per week.

Russia Ukraine

Port of Crimea - Port Caucasus

(Kerch ferry crossing)

Schedule:

In the summer period 22 flights per day;

During the rest of the year, 18 flights per day.

Ukraine - Georgia

Ilyichevsk - Batumi / Poti

Schedule:

Ilyichevsk - Batumi / Poti - every Wednesday;

Ilyichevsk - Poti - every Saturday;

Batumi - Poti - every Saturday;

Poti - Ilyichevsk - every Sunday and Wednesday.

River Danube

Ukraine - Bulgaria

Reni - Ruse

Schedule:

from Ruse - on Saturdays;

from Reni - on Mondays.

Caspian Sea

Russia - Turkmenistan - Iran

Olya - Turkmenbashi - Anzali

The port of Olya is located 100 km below the Astrakhan along the Volga, the asphalt road from the M-6 motorway is supplied to the port.

Monthly schedule:

Azerbaijan - Turkmenistan

Baku - Turkmenbashi

Departure: Daily 2 waste from each port.

Time on the way is 14 hours.

List of used literature

1. Automobile roads: safety, environmental problems, economics. Russian-German experience (edited by V.N. Lukanin and K.-H. Lenza). - M .. Logos, 2002, 607 p.

2. Bachurin A.A. Analysis of production and economic activities of motor vehicles. Tutorial for universities - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2008, 320 p.

3. Bachurin A.A. Marketing in road transport. Tutorial for custody. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2005, 208 p.

4. Bychkov V.P. Business activities in road transport. - Peter, 2004, 445 s.

5. Foreign economic activity (edited by B.M. Smithnko and V.K. Pospelova). Tutorial for dazz. - M., "Mastery", 2002, 304 p.

6. Geronimus B.L, Tsarfin L.V. Economic and mathematical methods in planning on road transport. Tutorial for dazz. - M., Transport, 1988, 192 p.

7. Gorez A.E. Freight road transport. Tutorial for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2004, 284 p.

8. Gudjoyan O.P., Troitskaya N.A. Transportation of specific goods by road. - M., Transport, 2001, 160 p.

9. Road terminology. Directory (edited by M.I. Weitman). - M., Transport, 1985, 310 p.

10. Kovlakas K.N., Hominichy I.P. Basics of drawing up freight forwarding companies. - M., Publishing house "Sea to lead Russia", 2003, 84 p.

11. Kozhin A.P., Mezentsev V.N. Mathematical methods in planning and management of trucks. Textbook for universities. - M., Transport, 1994, 304 p.

12. Kokin A.S., Levikov G.A. International Transport Expedition. - M., "Case", 2005, 445 p.

13. Logistics transport and freight systems (edited by V.M. Nikishin). Textbook for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2003, 303 p.

14. International Forwarder. Tutorial. - St. Petersburg, "Partner of WED", 2002, 363 p.

15. Nazarenko V.M., Nazarenko K.S. Transport support for foreign economic activity. - M., Center for Economics and Marketing, 2000, 508 p.

16. Nerush Yu.M. Logistics. Textbook for universities. - M., Uniti, 2000, 389 p.

17. Olemesenko E.M., Gorez A.E. Fundamentals of trucks. Tutorial for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2005, 284 p.

18. Plugs K.I., Chuntomova Yu.A. Transport forwarding. Tutorial for transport universities. - M., Translit, 2006, 525 p.

19. Prokofiev M.V. Car vehicles. - M., Asmap, 2002, 155 p.

20. Savin V.I. Transportation of goods by road. Reference manual. - M., "Business and Service", 2002, 543 p.

21. Savin V.I. Warehouses. Reference manual. - M., "Case and Service", 2001, 544 p.

22. Sarafanova E.V., Yevseeva A.A. International transportation, main provisions. - M. - Rr., Publishing Center Mart, 2005, 236 p.

23. Service on transport (edited by V.M. Nikishin). Tutorial for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2004, 271 p.

24. Spirin I.V. Automotive law. Tutorial for dazz. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2005, 284 p.

25. SKANOVA S.E., Popova O.V., Gorez A.E. Transport and forwarding service. Tutorial for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2005, 430 p.

26. Customs support of international transport. - St. Petersburg, "Partner of the WED", 2001, 292 p.

27. Troitskaya N.A., Chubukov AB Unified Transport System Textbook for Dzuzov. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2003, 239 p.

28. Troitskaya N.A., Chubukuk A.B., Shilimov M.V., Multimodal transportation systems and intermodal technologies. Tutorial for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2009, 331 p.

29. Terms of transportation (conditions of international road transport № 1 - 6). Special releases of the magazine "Road Earl".

30. Khmelnitsky A.D. Economy and management on cargo car transport. Tutorial for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2003, 239 p.

31. Khodosh M.S. Freight road transport. Tutorial for dazz. - M., Transport, 1986, 208 p.

32. Khodosh M.S., Daskovsky B.A. Organization, economics and management of cargo transportation by road. - M., Transport, 1989, 287 p.

33. Shepelev A.F., Pechenezhskaya I.A. Transportation of commercial activities - Rr., Publishing Center Mart, 2001, 423 p.

34. Economy of road transport (edited by G.A. Kononova). Tutorial for universities. - M., Publishing Center "Academy", 2005, 320 p.

35. Economy and organization of foreign trade transportation. Textbook for universities (edited by K.V. Kholaopova). - M., lawyer, 2000, 682 p.

36. Magazines (2001 - 09 g.): "Automobile transport", "road transport", "Vendor of Transport", "Freight and Passenger Authority", "ASMAP Information Bulletin", "Logistics", "International Automobile Transportation (MAP ) "," International Forwarder ".

Marx K., Engels F. Ot., Ed. 2nd, t 24, p. 170.

Marx K., Engels F. Ot., Ed. 2nd, t 26, part 1, p. 422.

In the schemes of movement with a solid arrow ---- → Showing the movement of cargo (car with cargo), and dotted - - → - mileage of the vehicle without cargo. The arrows are located to the right of the road scheme in the movement of the vehicle.

The combination of pairs of letters shows the direction of movement of the car - from the point BUT to paragraph IN, and the child over them - moving the cargo from BUT in IN. No dash from above - mileage of the vehicle without cargo.

The Federal Law "On Mixed (Combined) Transportation of Passengers, Luggage and Cargo" is still under consideration in the State Duma of the Russian Federation

In brackets indicated the date of adoption (signing) of documents, which later contributed and continue to make various additions and changes

Similar information.

Purpose of work: Introduction to the methodological recommendations for the use of single time standards for loading and unloading vehicles, assimilation of the methods of methods for determining the time standards for mechanized and non-mechanized loading and unloading of various types of cargo.

Theoretical provisions. Methodical recommendations on the application of the time of time on the carriage of goods by road are established by the uniform rules for the transportation of goods by road.

Unified time standards for the carriage of goods by road are intended for calculating rates for the payment of services for the carriage of goods by road enterprises, rationing and remuneration of drivers.

These norms apply to the carriage of goods by almost all types of trucks: onboard vehicles and general-purpose cars, specialized vehicles - dump trucks, van, tanks, refrigerators, container friendlook, etc., as well as tractors with trailers and semi-trailers.

The basis for the development of unified standards of time is:

· Technical calculations and photochricultural observations;

· Technical characteristics of the rolling stock of automobile transport, loading and unloading machines and mechanisms, roads, etc., as well as the results of the analysis of the organization of labor and the event to improve it. Unified time standards are designed to:

· Rational organization of cargo transportation and production of loading and unloading;

· Applications of mechanization: excavators with different capacity of bucket, automotive, bridge, portal, gantry cranes, loaders (automotive, battery and tractor), conveyor, mechanical shovel and other loading and unloading machines and mechanisms;

· Features of transported cargo - types of their packaging, specific gravity, physical condition, etc.;

· Maximum use of carrying capacity and cargo capacity of the rolling stock of automobile transport and containers;

· Various road operating conditions for cars;

· Compliance with the rules of the road, safety regulations and the rules for the technical operation of the rolling stock of automobile transport.

Unified time standards provide a rational organization of the transport process, which provides:

Reducing the extensive time of time on simple cars under loading and unloading of goods due to: expansion of the front of loading and unloading works and the use of their integrated mechanization; compiling and strict compliance with car feed and work schedules; creating access routes and playgrounds for maneuvering cars, especially cars with trailers, multi-trailer tracts or semi-trailers; preliminary preparation of goods, etc.

Rational cargo laying, the use of removable shields, etc., allowing the maximum use of the carrying capacity and the capacity of rolling stock.

Proper placement of goods in the body, which contributes to the uniform distribution of the weight load on the driving part of the vehicle and facilitate the management of them.

Optimal modes of car movement (road trains) at the respective areas of the path, taking into account the state of the road surface, visibility, intensity of movement and other factors in strict compliance with the rules of the road, as well as knowledge of the main technical characteristics and the rules of operation of various brands of the rolling stock of road transport during transportation of the corresponding cargo. Transportation of goods should be carried out according to rationally constructed routes, taking into account the shortest distance, movement modes at each site of the path, with the provision of car boot in both directions.

Sealing the mode of operation of cars due to the organization of the brigade method of operation of drivers.

Unified time standards are set:

· With simple cars under loading and unloading of 1st class cargo (except containers, as well as bulk and dust cargoes in tank trucks, not having a class) - by one ton; for container containers; For bulk and dust-free cargo in tank trucks - on the full operational volume of the tank;

· When transporting cargo of the 1st grade - one tonne kilometer. For cargo 1, 2, 3 and 4th grades of time, it is used with the correction coefficients shown in Table No. 1:

Table number 1.

Note 1. The correction coefficients are calculated based on the correction coefficient of using the vehicle's carrying capacity in accordance with Table No. 2:

Table number 2.

Classes of goods when transporting on vehicles with standard onboard and dump trucks are determined in accordance with the range and classification of goods. When transported on vehicles with standard onboard and dump trucks, not provided for by the attached nomenclature and classification, as well as various goods on specialized cars (with special platforms), in vans, cattle rates, tanks, etc., correction coefficients are determined based on the average The actual coefficient of use of the lifting capacity of the on-board or specialized car, subject to the full load of its body using permissible dimensions (volume).

Note 2. The correction coefficient is determined by dividing the unit to the utility utilization factor.

In the same order, correction coefficients on the loads of the 4th grade, which ensures the coefficient of use of the vehicle's carrying capacity below is 0.5 with the full load of the vehicle with extensive sides using permissible dimensions (volume).

Note 3. The time standards specified in Tables 3 and 4 in this practical work increases:

a) by 10% if the loading or unloading of goods is made from car type cars;

b) by 25% - during loading and unloading of industrial and food cargo, requiring special caution (glass, porcelain and faience, liquid different in glass containers, musical instruments, televisions, radiostics, devices, furniture), as well as small cargo transported in bulk or in shallow packaging and requiring recalculation (linen, shoes, hats, clothes, haberdashery, knitwear, cloths are different, writing, books, toys, meat and meat products, dairy products).

On loading and unloading of large and heavy cargo, requiring special devices for fastening, the time rate is established depending on the specific conditions under the Agreement of the Parties.

When applying for cars to several sections of warehouses or individual warehouses by mutual agreement of the parties signing the contract for a centralized bridge (export) of cargo, the average integrated downtime of the car (road trip) under loading or unloading and completing additional operations, taking into account the established norms and the actual number of additional operations performed.

The time of downtime of the car (traveler) under loading or unloading is calculated from the moment of supplying the vehicle (road trip) to the place of loading or unloading and delivery of transport documents to the transportation documents to the transportation of goods until the end of loading or unloading and serving the shovel is properly executed transport documents.

The time of time, indicated in Tables 3 and 4, included the time required for loading (unloading) of the cargo with a fear or relaxation, to maneuvering the car (road trip), linking and unleashing the cargo, cargo coating with tarpaulin and removal of tarpaulin, opening and closing (Doors) of the car and trailers, as well as the design of documents for the Transport (export) of goods.

Employees of motor transport enterprises engaged in the organization of transportation, as well as those who are responsible for the organization of the labor of drivers, it is necessary to take into account the inter-sectoral standards of time for loading, unloading cars, vehicles and warehouse work.

The nomes of the time presented in Tables 3 and 4 contain data on loading and unloading wagons, vehicles and warehouse work performed by the mechanized manual, as well as manually without use or using the simplest devices to the following categories of goods: Tarn and packaging and piece, meat, Bakery products, heavy weights, metals and metal products, timber, refractory goods, bulk, grain and others.

These time standards include the following options for loading and unloading:

· Railway rolling stock - warehouse, warehouse - railway rolling stock;

· Railway rolling stock - motor vehicles, vehicles - railway rolling stock;

· Railway rolling stock - railway rolling stock;

· Autotransport - warehouse, warehouse - vehicles.

Table number 3. Time norms for mechanized loading and unloading of cars (road trains) (in minutes)

Note 4. The mechanized loading or unloading is considered when the laying of cargo in the car body or removing it from the car body is made by lifting machines.

Table number 4. Time norms for non-commercial loading and unloading of cars (in minutes)

Note 5. Nevertheless loading (unloading) is considered when laying a cargo in the car body or removing it from the car body is made manually.

The procedure for determining the time for loading and unloading of goods.

1. Determine the full load of the car:

where - car carrying capacity, t;

The boot ratio, which is determined, taking into account the utilization factor:

, (2)

2. In accordance with Table 1, we determine the correction coefficient K n to the total time spent on loading or unloading goods.

3. Taking into account the obtained value of the full load of the vehicle along Tables 3 and 4 and in accordance with the terms of loading and unloading, determine the time spent loading and unloading operations performed from the required carrying capacity.

4. The required number of vehicles for shipping delivery:

, (3)

where is the average daily shipping by one car, t;

, (4)

where - the number of days necessary for shipping, day.

5. The average daily number of travel by road during the shipping:

, (5)

where is the total number of travel by road transport for shipping.

An example of the calculation of practical work No. 1.

The task. Determine the required number of vehicles and the total time spent on the transportation of the 3rd class shipping (400 pieces of televisions), requiring a mechanized loading and non-mechanized unloading, special caution, by a distance of 56km by a car - a van, a lifting capacity of 6T and the useful volume of the van 12m 3.

1. Initially, we set the full load of the vehicle in accordance with the expression (1) and taking into account the correction coefficient K gr (2), we obtain:

T (6)

2. The total time spent on the delivery of the entire cargo is determined in accordance with the expression:

where ton - time spent on mechanized loading of one vehicle, determined taking into account the value of the correction coefficient, K n \u003d 1.66 for the 3rd class of cargo and taking into account notes 3 with a correction for the table 3, an hour:

where t m is the time of the mechanized loading, determined by table 3, t m \u200b\u200b\u003d 20 min \u003d 0.3 hours;

T Per - time spent at one trip by a car for a given distance, an hour, we determine from the expression, while we take the average velocity of the car equal to 60 km / h:

hour (9)

where T once - the time spent on the non-mechanized unloading of one vehicle, which is determined taking into account the value of the correction coefficient, K n \u003d 1.66 for the 3rd class of cargo and taking into account notes 3 with a correction for the table 4, an hour:

where T nm times - the time of the non-mechanized unloading, determined by table 4, T nm times \u003d 28 min \u003d 0.47 hours

3. Taking into account expressions (3), (4) and (5) we find the desired number of vehicles for shipping. At the same time, we accept the total number of travel by road transport for the transport of cargo to 2, and the number of days necessary for the transport of cargo to 3 days. By accepting these conditions, we get:

(11)

We accept the number of cars for the carriage of the cargo equal to 2.

4. Substituting the obtained values \u200b\u200bwhen calculating expressions (8), (9), (10) and (11) in the expression (7) we obtain the total time spent on the delivery of all the cargo:

Table number 5.

Options for performing independent work of students

No. Var-Ta

Unloading

Class of cargo

Rail, km

Cargo-t

Type av la

Special requirements.

Volume, cubic meters

Sight. Km / h

Number of days