It is necessary to charge a new car battery. How to charge the car battery charger? Battery operation rules

Car battery provides power supplies machine elements. During its movement, charging is charged using the generator. However, he will not be able to fully fill the energy. Therefore, it is periodically necessary to maintain the AKB. To do this, you should know how to properly charge the car battery charger At home.

Select charger

The determining parameters are the characteristics of the battery (6, 12 or 4 V), the type of battery (filled, dried, gel and child-acid). According to the last quality, it is recommended to choose universal models suitable for all types of batteries. Additionally, the nominal capacity of the capacity - Ah is taken into account.

The functionality of the memory is divided into two classes:

• Chargers. Designed only to restore the performance of the battery, it is possible to maintain the current charge at the required level.
• Start-charging. To start the car systems, a significant charge is required. If the battery for this time did not have time to charge - the commissioning device can replace it at this stage.

For beginners, it is recommended to buy simple models of the charger, without additional parameter adjustment functions. If the car enthusiast has a lot of experience - it will need a professional memory with an indication, the ability to adjust the current and voltage. Any model must have the protection option from overheating, incorrect connection.

How often do you need to charge the battery

Battery charging frequency determines its life. Ideally, he should connect to the memory no more than once a year. But actually it depends on the set external factors. With incorrectly selected periodicity and the absence of control over the current state of the battery, the opposite effect will be observed - a rapid decrease in capacity.

Facts that affect the frequency of charging the battery:

• Temperature overboard. It does not affect if the indicator is more than + 5C. Once there is a decrease - the battery capacity may fall 1.5-2 times.
• Possible malfunctions power plant. These include problems with compressions, incorrect operation of fuel equipment.
• Frequency of full battery load when the motor is turned off.

The minimum charge of the battery to start the power plant is individual. But usually it should not be less than 12.3 volts. If this value is less - the charge will not be enough, you will need to connect to the memory. On average, 70-75% of the maximum charge are enough to normal operation of the battery. Restore it up to 100% is recommended once a year, before the start of the winter period.

Car battery charging methods

There are two main ways to charge AKB - by changing direct current or voltage. The choice depends on the functionality of the memory, the need to control the process, its speed and degree of charging.

Before starting, it is necessary to fulfill such conditions:

• Preliminary check of the actual battery container.
• The correct connection of the terminals along the polarity is "plus" to the "plus", as well as "minus". Otherwise there will be a reverse process - discharge.
• The minimum cross-section of the wire conductors is 1 mm2. In the braid, the diameter should be about 1.3 mm.
• Cleaning the surface of the battery from the residues of acid, dirt.
• Unscrew the tubes of holes intended for the pouring of the acid.
• Check the level of electrolyte. If it is not enough - distilled water is added.

After that, you can proceed to the charging process. It is recommended to do it indoors with room temperature and good ventilation. In the process of increasing the charge, pairs of electrolyte will stand out.

DC adjustment

The essence of this method is to control the current value by regulating it depending on the current battery charge. For novice motorists, it is complicated, since changes in the indicator depend on the actual state of the ABB. It is recommended to apply if it is possible to continuously monitor the process.

The best essence of this method is to consider on the example of the battery, the capacity of which is 60a * h. Recommended procedure.

1. Set the current value in 6A, from the ratio of 0.1 to the nominal capacity.
2. After the start of excretion of electrolyte gases, it is necessary to reduce the indicator twice. When the charge of the battery is 14.4, the current should be 3 A.
3. As soon as the charge indicator reaches 15 V - current decreases to 1.5 A.

In this way, you can charge the battery to a level from 70% to 100%. In the latter case, it is necessary to control the value of the battery level and current strength. If the first remains unchanged for two hours is a sign of complete charge.

Changing a constant voltage

The optimal way, if there is no possibility to constantly monitor the process. It should be borne in mind that the value of the battery charge in this case is proportional to the supply voltage. To pre-calculate the time, the supplied voltage must be divided by 1.11.

Consider this process on the example of standard 12 in the battery, depending on the required degree of charging at a duration of 24 hours:

• 75-80%. In this case, the supplied voltage must be 14.4 V;
• 85-90%. The optimal value is 15 V;
• 100%. Voltage parameter must be at least 16.3 V.

Important - the charging current value should not exceed 25 A. For this, the memory must be equipped with a scheme that limits this parameter. It is in all factory models, if used homemade device - This moment you need to track down.

Checking battery charge level

In addition to the values \u200b\u200bof the parameters on the charger and terminals of the battery, it is recommended to additionally monitor the density of the electrolyte. This is done with the help of a special device - the areaometer.

For a standard battery, the following electrolyte density values \u200b\u200bare taken depending on the degree of charging:

• 100% - 1.28 g / m3;
• 75% - 1.25g / m3;
• 50% - 1.20 g / m3.

It is important to check this indicator in all banks. If for any reason, a closure occurred in one of them - the value of the electrolyte density will be significantly less than the rest. It is also necessary to take into account the accuracy of the areaometer, the degree of its suitability for calibration, the range of measured values. Additionally, this device can be used to control the condition of the coolant.

Alternative methods

A proven method for restoring the performance of the ACB without using a special device - "Cursting" from another battery. It is important that the values \u200b\u200bof the current force they have equally. Otherwise, fuses or part of the wiring of the car will fail.

You can perform this in the following algorithm.

1. Direct connection to the battery of another car with the observance of polarity, as when using the memory.
2. After starting the engine, you need to wait 3-5 minutes and only after that you can turn off the terminals. First, from the "donor" and then from the battery of your car.
3. Ride for 20-30 minutes. The best charging will be with the activation of elevated or reduced gears. The recommended number of crankshaft revolutions is from 2900 to 3200.

This method will be effective if the battery level is not lower than critical. Otherwise, the start of the engine and onboard systems will be impossible.

It is also not recommended to use homemade gland made on the basis of household charging blocks from a laptop or mobile phone. It is almost impossible to control the main values \u200b\u200bof the current and voltage during the charging process. This may lead to negative consequences. It is best to purchase a cheap, but reliable factory model of the memory.

When operating a car with a good electrical equipment, the problems associated with the battery of this car usually does not occur. Of course, if you do not leave the powerful electricity consumers for a long time with a car non-working engine. But it is necessary to overcome the fuse that protects the generator excitation chain, and the next attempt to start the engine of the car is not crowned with success. After that, before the owner of the car there will be an irrelevant question of: "How to charge the battery correctly?". With the availability of the charger, nothing difficult to charge the battery of the car at home does not represent. Charging the battery of the machine automatic charger is the most simple and in the control over the process does not need.

Car battery (AKB) is used to start the engine engine and as an auxiliary electricity source at a time when the car engine does not work.

Battery status assessment

The fact that the starter of the car "sluggish" is twist is not necessarily a consequence that the automotive chemical source of electricity is exhausted. Therefore, before dragging the car battery for charging, it is recommended to check it out.

Measurements are carried out when the motor does not work. The fully charged battery of the car has an electrolyte density from 1.27 to 1.29 g / cm 3 and voltage at terminals from 12.3 to 12.9 V. When it remains 70% of the charge, the density of its electrolyte will be from 1.23 to 1.25 g / cm 3, and voltage from 12.0 to 12.1 V. half the discharged current source will have an electrolyte density from 1.16 to 1.18 g / cm 3 and will show the voltage from 11.8 to 12, 0 V. Fully discharged it will have a density from 1.11 to 1.13 g / cm 3, and the voltage will fall below 11 V.

Battery preparation for charging

In order to charge the battery correctly, follow this sequence:

Care methods

Correct battery correctly in three ways:

The first two ways to charge the battery have both their advantages and cons. The first method consists in connecting the battery to the power source with a constant power of current voltage not higher than 16,2 V. Current strength during charge for 20 hours can be calculated if the battery capacity is divided for 20 hours. For example, the battery is installed on the machine with a capacity of 50 A-hours then 50 A-h / 20 h. \u003d 2,5A. At 10 hours of charge to determine the strength of the charge current, the container is divided by 10 hours. That is, to correctly pop up the same battery for 10 hours, needed charging Tok 5 A. One of the most important advantages of this method is a full battery charge. Of the disadvantages, you can note the need to stabilize the strength of the current, significant separation of gases, and the heating of the electrolyte.

Charging this method is recommended to be carried out in two stages - first make the charging current equal to 1/10 from the nominal capacity, and after reaching the voltage of one can of 2.4 V, reduce it 2 times. The end of the charging is determined by the appearance of intensive gas formation - the "boiling" of the electrolyte.

Alternative

The second way is to stabilize the charging voltage, the current of the current changes depending on the resistance of the battery. This technique allows you to charge a battery to 85-90%. Benefits of the method:

• quick battery briefing in the working condition;
• most of the energy consumed at the initial process is spent on the restoration of the active mass of the plates.

The main disadvantage is a strong heating of electrolyte due to the large current forces at the beginning of the charging. The equalization charging is designed to eliminate the consequences of deep discharges. Very well eliminates the increasing sulfate of the electrodes.

The forced technique is used to quickly restore the operating state of the source after a deep discharge. Adjusts increase current at the beginning of charging up to 70% of the value of the nominal capacity, but not more than half an hour. The next 45 minutes of charging current is reduced to half the nominal capacity. Another 1.5 hours is charged with a current that makes up 30% of the nominal container. This charging requires compulsory control of the electrolyte temperature. If the temperature rises to 45 ° C, the charging should be stopped.

Apply the method of the forced charge of the battery trail as less as possible, as its regular use significantly reduces its service life.

About the capacity of AKB

Among the owners of the car there is an opinion on the inadmissibility of the installation on a battery machine with an increased capacity, since with a greater capacity automotive AKB allegedly will not be charged. However, the amount of energy spent on the start of the engine motor does not depend on the capacity of the AKB. Therefore, with a good generator, it will be replenished in a larger and less capacity in the same time. It means that the installation on a car AKB with a capacity of greater recommended will not cause harm.

Charging device

The charger (memory) serves to charge electrical batteries from the AC network. It consists of a stress converter (transformer or pulse rectifier), a voltage stabilizer, a controller controlling the charging current and sometimes the indication unit consisting of switching or LED ampervoltmeters. There are zoom type of charged batteries, their operating voltage and capacity.

Designation of a car for car batteries: X b / c, where X is the name of the charger, b is the maximum capacity of the chargeable battery in amps-hours, C is the maximum operating voltage of the charged battery in volts. If the memory value B exceeds 170 A-h, then it can be used not only for charging, but also for help when starting the engine of the car.

Sooner or later, each motorist has to face many questions relating to the car battery charging process, since incorrect charging can significantly reduce its service life.
In this article, I will share my knowledge and practical experience on how to properly charge the car battery.

1. Do I need to charge the battery?

Before proceeding with the charging process, it should be understood, but do you need to charge the battery?

If the car did not start, then there may be a lot of reasons for this, one of them is a terrestling battery. To understand this is necessary to take a voltmeter or multimeterand check the battery voltage.

1.1 How to measure the voltage on the battery multimeter.

Firstly, It is necessary to consider that it is necessary to measure the voltage by a multimeter on the battery on a cold, not heated and not headed cars or already removed the battery from the car, otherwise it will be other readings!

We take a multimeter and connect the red measuring probe to the VΩma input terminal, and the black to the COM terminal. On the multimeter, you turn the rotary switch in most cases to the left and select DCV mode (Direct Current Voltage), that is, a constant voltage and stop the regulator in the number 20, which indicates the order of the voltage measured.

Next, we touch the conclusions of the tested automotive battery, the red measuring probe - to the positive conclusion marked by Zak "+", and black to "-". Remove the testimony from the display of the device. If when connected you suddenly confused polarity, then the indication on the display of the multimeter will be with a negative sign "-".

And then it would be good to open the instruction (which must be issued when buying a battery), in which it is indicated when the voltage drops to which value should be charging the battery. If the instruction is not survived, then focus on the tables below. Take the temperature ambient. On the frosts voltage and electrolyte density should be higher.

The degree of charges of the AKB, depending on the ambient temperature.

Table The degree of battery charge at normal temperature is 20-25 C, depending on the density of electrolyte and voltage.

Of course, a voltmeter do not measure a lot, you need a loading plug, which gives a more complete picture, but it is worth such a fork expensive. It gives a load on the battery and shows first the battery voltage under load, and secondly, whether the battery is capable of restore its voltage after the load. Usually, when buying a new car battery, sellers are tested with a load fork with you, showing that it is new, and not "killed" - i.e. able to restore its voltage to 12.4-12.7 V.

SecondWhat needs to be done before charging if the battery is served, find out the density of the electrolyte.

To check the density of the electrolyte at home, we use the range. A lot of them different species, I like it more, as in the photo below, as it is very convenient and quickly read by readings and do not need to consider divisions every time, sometimes even with a magnifying glass.

areometer for measuring electrolyte density in battery

Squeeze the pear of the area and lower it in this form into one of the banks of the battery, we spawned the pear and the electrolyte is suused in the area. Next, pull out the areaometer, holding it above the open hole, and look at the testimony. In my case, each pop-up float means a certain density. Thus, we measure the electrolyte density in each bank. After measuring the testimony, holding a carometer over the hole of the banks, press the pear again and gently pour the electrolyte back to the same jar, from where they took.

The value of the electrolyte density for Russia (moderate climate) is 1.28 ± 0.01 g / cm 3.

The electrolyte density in the battery in the winter should be 1.29 - 1.30 g / cm 3.

The electrolyte density in the battery in the summer should be 1.28 g / cm 3.

For tropical climate Electrolyte density 1.23 g / cm 3.

Electrolyte density table in the battery in winter and summer:

Electrolyte density in battery

Now we make a conclusion based on the available data, as far as the battery is charged and in general, whether the battery is charged. If the voltage is below 12.4 V and the electrolyte density below 1.27 g / cm 3 - then it's time to charge the battery.

With the correct charging of the car battery at home - the main thing is to provide sufficient ventilation indoors.

To begin with, we remove the battery from the machine, carrying into the warm room and give it to warm up so that the electrolyte temperature rose above +15 C. It can take 6-8 hours at ordinary room temperature. Cold battery - do not charge, it will only harm.

It is necessary to take a rag (which is not a pity then immediately throw out) or toilet paper and wipe the battery from dust and dirt well, which creates static stress and worsens the operation of the AKB. Wipe better in rubber gloves.

After such downtime in heat, most likely, the PCC will increase - the voltage of the open circuit and the electrolyte density may increase. You can measure these indicators again, but most likely they will grow so to change their minds to charge the battery. (Personally, after warming up in the room, about 12 hours of IDC increased up to 12.63 volts, and the density of the electrolyte - did not change and was less than 1.19 g / cm 3. In this case, the main indicator of the discharged battery is very low density. electrolyte)

Considering that the batteries are both served and the free charging process is somewhat different. Therefore, consider them in turn.

1. How to charge a non-servant battery

Frequently asked the question: Do non-servant batteries charge? Yes! Unnwided batteries can be charged, the main thing is to do it correctly. It is important here to take into account their feature - they can not be addressed by distilled water, and therefore, with their charging, it is not important so much charge current as the maximum voltage that will arise in the process of charging.

First, take a powerful flashlight or lamp and try to enlighten the battery, holding it in a horizontal position to see the remaining amount of electrolyte in each of the cans. If the electrolyte is enough and its level above the level of the plates, the charging can help extend the service life non-servant battery.

So, if you have the simplest charger in which you can only set the current strength with which the charge will be carried out, then set the current value 1/20 from your battery capacity. If the capacity of the battery is 60 hour, then the current will be 3a. And then after a short period of time, every 15 minutes should be approached to the battery and measure the voltage on the terminals, which should not exceed 14.4-14.7 V. I usually, when the voltage is reached at 14.6 volts, the current strength smoothly reduced. There were many such approaches, as long as I did not reduce the current strength practically to 0 A.

2.1 How much to charge the battery

How much to charge the battery depends on the degree of its discharge and capacity of the AKB, and can be 8-30 hours when charging 1/20 from the battery capacity. In the case of a non-servant battery, we specifically charge as low current so as not to cause the process of "boiling". For the water we can not add, and it is in such a battery - deficit 🙂

In this case, when the charge current is reduced to 0.5A and less, you can read the maintenanceable battery charged.

If you take a break in the charging process, it is advisable to do it long - for example, a day, then there is a better "seal" charge. For example, 8-10 hours of charge, day break, another 8-10 hours of charge. After the last charge cycle, let the battery just stand in heat for several hours (from 2 to 8) to distribute the electrolyte density in banks. Next you need to check the voltage. It must be at least 12.7 V, but most likely there will be more.

Also in the process of charging, I sometimes touched the side walls of the battery, trying to determine the temperature of the housing and the electrolyte, respectively, so that it does not rise above 40-45 s, otherwise it is necessary to either reduce the current or to stop charging.

I just charged the maintenanceable batteries Varta and Bosh.

Why with such a voltage?

A regular generator in the car in good mode gives up to 14.4 V and this mode for a non-servant battery is considered within the normal range. You can certainly add a very little 0.1 - 0.3 V, but we don't have to think more about more, otherwise there will be a strong chemical reaction and the abundant release of gases will begin with a swollen electrolyte. And we do not need it at all, and it is not safe!

Personally, I have a non-listed battery enough for several charges (3-4), after which it is in an extreme bank that is closer to the engine and which apparently walked up, knocked out with the electrolyte time. And ... Either him in the pit, or homemade refinement - drilling holes, fill the distillete there, and then charging with the subsequent blockage of this hole. Someone does it, but I decided that it is easier to purchase the serviced battery. The main thing is to choose to choose it and pay special attention to the date of production and the labeling, in which the letter L should be - what it means with a small water flow (for example, 6T-55L), or VL with a very low water flow (for example, 6T-55VL).

For if you select the serviced battery with a normal water flow (the letter N in the marking), then you will have to often pour distilled water, and therefore it is more often charged, in general more than one.

More about the types of battery and how to charge the car battery correctly Batteries Rechargeable lead starters for autotractor equipment. General specifications.

If you have a smart charger, for example, pennant-55, then simply install the upper voltage range of no more than 14.7V. Set the current 1/20 from the battery capacity (charging longer, but better and safer), or 1/10 from the battery capacity, provided that there was no deep discharge of the battery (the voltage did not fall below 11.6 V). After the battery charging process is over (as the smart charger is reported), let the battery stand in heat from 2 to 8 hours, as described above.

1. How to properly charge the battery of the car service.

Before manipulation, it is desirable to wear rubber gloves.

I exhibit a current 1/10 capacitance of the battery, if there was no deep discharge of the battery, or 1/20 the capacity of the battery (in charge of charging will be longer). For example, the capacity of the battery is 60 Ah, 1/10 \u003d 6 amps, 1/20 \u003d 3 amps.

According to the instructions for its battery or if it is not, then according to We determine which set the maximum voltage to charge the battery:

If the battery is hybrid (for example Pb / Ca) and with low water consumption, then put the voltage (15.2 ± 0.1) volt

If there is a letter n in the battery marking normal flow water) - put the voltage (14.8 ± 0,1) volts

If in the labeling of the battery there are letters VL (very small water consumption) - exhibit the voltage (16 ± 0.1) volt

If there are no such letters in marking and it is not known what type of battery, then we put (14.4 ± 0.1) volts

Connect the charger to the AKB according to the instructions to the specifically of your charger: "+ red terminal" to "+", and "- Black Terminal" to "-".

1. If the charger is the simplest with the adjustment of the current current, then every 15 minutes it will be necessary to approach the battery with a voltmeter or a multimeter and check that the voltage on the terminals is not higher in the process of charging, and when the critical voltage is reached, slightly reduce the current strength, That the voltage shown by the voltmeter turned out to be again within the normal range for your type of battery (see paragraph 4).
2. We are waiting for the end of charging. Charging the battery is carried out until abundant gas division ("boiling") begins in all banks, and the voltage and density of the electrolyte will not remain constant within 2 hours.
   

When the charging process is completed, the smart charger will be adopted accordingly: the inscription, sound, indicator; and in a simple charger, the charge current indication will decrease and will become less than 0.5 - 0.1 A.

1. In the process of charging the car battery, the electrolyte level may increase, decrease or remain the same. Therefore, it is at the end of the charge, if necessary, correct the level of electrolyte, adding only distilled water. Some batteries have peculiar markers inside the cans indicating the normal level of electrolyte. If there are no such marks, then you can take, for example, a plastic tube from juice and cut the sharp tip.
   

   plastic tube from juice

   
   This tube measure the electrolyte level over the plates: omit into the hole of the can, then close the top hole in the tube and lift the tube.

   

   measure electrolyte level

   Apply a ruler to the tube and look. The electrolyte level above the top edge of the plate must be 15-20 mm.

   

   determine the height of the electrolyte over the level of the plates in the battery

   
   After measuring the height, the electrolyte from the tube pour into the same bank of the battery, from where they took, just removing the finger from the top hole tube. If the electrolyte level is lower - then we fill Only distilled water.

   

   
   After that, check the level of electrolyte height over the plate. Similarly, we act with all the banks in the battery. Personal experience It shows that the lowest level of electrolyte height in the most extreme banks of the battery.
   

2. Next, check the density of the electrolyte.
   
   If the electrolyte density after adding distilled water fell, then continue the process of charging the battery before restoring the density value, as described in paragraph 6. We check the electrolyte density again.
   
   
3. Turn off the charger, disconnect the terminals from the battery.
4. To equalize the density of the electrolyte after charging, withstand the battery 2-3 hours. Then we measure the indicators NRTS (the stress of the charged battery should be more than 12.6 V according to GOST) and electrolyte density (There must be at least 1.28 g / cm 3, see the tables above). The electrolyte density after charging should be the same in all banks of the AKB with a permissible error of 0.01 g / cm 3.
5. If the testimony you need is normal, tighten all the covers of cans.
6. Now you can install the charged battery back to the car.

Car enthusiasts, recommend at least 2 times a year in autumn (before the onset of frosts) and spring (after frosty winter) check the status of the battery (voltage and with the density of electrolyte), which will significantly extend its service life, thereby avoiding its work in non-refunded mode, as well as a deep battery discharge.

Now you know aK properly charge the car battery.I needed questions or there is a race offer - write in the comments to this article.

Each of us, motorists, at least once in their lives, turned out (or still) in a situation where the discharged battery does not allow you to start the engine. Especially frequent is the phenomenon for the winter period, because at negative temperatures, the battery keeps the charge bad. And if the car stood on a strong frost more than a week, the problems with the battery are practically guaranteed, up to a complete discharge.

What to do in such a situation? Of course, you can "searcate" from the battery of another carAnd it will help if ahead is a long trip, but it will be completely useless if you go to get a couple of kilometers. The battery simply will not have time to recharge. In this case, it is best to charge the battery by an external device. About how to make it right and safely, we know and tell you.

Principle of automotive battery

Car battery - A small tank with an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid, into which metal plates are omitted. The principle of operation of rechargeable batteries is based on chemical reactions between lead and lead dioxide in the sulfuric acid environment, which result is produced by electricity.

During the discharge of the battery (at the moments of energy), the recovery of lead dioxide on the cathode plate (in the 5th item) and the oxidation of lead on the anode plate (in the 4th item in the diagram) occur. With a reverse reaction, namely, when charging the battery, the mirror reverse reactions occur on its plates to which the electrolytic water reaction (electrolysis) is connected at the final stage, which in turn is accompanied by a significant release of oxygen on the anode and hydrogen - on the cathode.

In simple language, sulfuric acid is actively consumed when the battery is discharged, as a result of which water is formed. With the formation of water, the total electrolyte density decreases. When charging the battery, everything happens in the reverse order. Water "Used" to create sulfuric acid, respectively, the total electrolyte density increases.

Thus, when the battery is operational, in those periods, when its energy is consumed, the reagents in the battery tank (electrolyte and lead platinum) interacting with each other "generate" electricity. When creating an electric charge, sulfuric acid is consumed, which is consistent with the electrolyte and water is formed. Water "dilutes" the electrolyte, its density decreases, the generation of electrical charge decreases. At this point, the battery must be put on charging.

As a result of charging the battery (the moment of charge accumulation), the previous density of the electrolyte occurs, the level of sulfuric acid increases, the water level is reduced. The battery is ready to use again. But nothing is forever in this world, and since these basic reactions accompanies another number of other processes (for example, sulfate and the destruction of metal plates), the battery loses its properties over time. Accumulation potential electrical Energy Reduced and the battery has to be replaced with a new one.

Battery maintenance

The service life and the serviceability of the battery is largely dependent on timely service and the correct care. The battery must be kept clean, since its surface contamination leads to an increased self-discharge. For maintenance It is necessary to wipe the surface of the battery with a 10% solution of ammonic alcohol or calcined soda, after which wipe it with a clean dry cloth.

During charge as a result chemical reaction Gases are distinguished significantly increase the pressure inside the batteries. Therefore, ventilation holes in traffic jams should be periodically cleaned with thin wire. Considering that when the battery is performed, the rattling gas is formed (a mixture of hydrogen with oxygen), it is impossible to inspect the battery with an open fire. It is necessary to periodically check the electrolyte level and its density, and if necessary, perform a complete battery check, as described above, in order to more accurately determine its condition and suitability for further operation.

For long-term storage, the battery must be removed from the car, fully charge and stored in a charged state in a dry place at a temperature not higher than 00c and not lower than minus 3000s, having in mind that the lower the temperature of the electrolyte, the smaller the self-discharge. Every 3 months should control the charge of the battery over the density of the electrolyte and, if necessary, produce its recharge.

When storing the battery directly on the car, you should disconnect the wires from the pole pins (if there is no special switch). It should be remembered that the temperature of the electrolyte freezing with a density of 1.1 g / cm3 is minus 70 degrees, a density of 1.22 g / cm3 - minus 370 degrees and a density of 1.31 g / cm3 - minus 660 degrees. The freezing of the electrolyte leads to the destruction and warping of the plates, the appearance of cracks in the tank and the failure of battery batteries.

In the presence of a white or greenish flooring on the outputs of the battery and terminals of the wires, it is necessary to remove the terminals and remove the flare with a damp cloth, clean the contacts to the metal glitter with a metal brush or grinding sandpaper and after installing the terminals to apply a thin Lubrication Lubrication Lubricant or other acid-resistant grease. .

How is the battery charging?

Especially strong question about charging the battery gets up in winter - cold negatively affects rechargeable battery And therefore so many car enthusiasts face the inability to start the car in the morning or after a long downtime. For proper service And timely care for the battery of these problems can be avoided, as well as extend the life of the device. And so how to charge car battery?

Before charging, the battery is desirable to remove, however emergency situation it's not obligatory. Remember that you need to charge the battery either in a well-ventilated room (the balcony, in the extreme case, open windows), or in the garage away from flammable items, or in the fresh air. When charging the battery highlights an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, so during the process, protect the devices from the possibility of sparking. When charging without removing from the car on the battery you need to turn off all electrical cables.

To prepare the battery, it is necessary to clean the terminals from dirt and lubrication if you are lubricated during operation. For a quality charge of the battery, you first need to be completely discharged. To do this, you can connect external lighting devices to the battery and leave for several hours.

Check the electrolyte density. This can be done using a special device. It is called aryometer. Ideally, the density should be 1.25-1.27 g / cm3 at a temperature of +25, and the density in the battery banks should not be different than 0.01 g / cm3. The electrolyte must completely cover the lead plates conductive, so if necessary, it can be addressed or diluted with distilled water to the required density.

From all cans you need to remove the covers and connect the charger terminals to the battery terminals - plus to the plus, minus to minus. First you always need to connect plus, and only after that minus, and the charger should be included in the network after the connection. Set the current on the charger. The current must be equal to one tenth of the capacity of your battery, for example, if the capacity is 65 A-h, the current must be no more than 6.5a on the charger. With a deep battery discharge, these indicators must be reduced to 1,5A - 2A.

Ensure that the ammeter arrow moves to zero and the electrolyte temperature has not risen. For example, if the electrolyte was heated to + 40 ° C, reduce the amount of the current current twice. And if the battery voltage and the electrolyte density within two hours do not change - your battery is correctly charged. Charging the battery on average takes 10-12 hours, but if you put it on a full night - it will not be worse.

These are the basic battery charge principles. In the summer, the electrolyte swallows faster, and the plates outdoors are affected by destroying, so the periodic leveling of the level and density of the electrolyte should be a good habit for you. And, of course, try not to use the battery when the engine is turned off - it contributes to quick discharge.

How much time is the battery charging?

Very often, when charging the battery, motorists have a question - how much time do you need to fully charge the car battery? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to determine which method you will charge: a constant current or constant voltage.

Continuous Charge Features

In order for the battery accepted required charge It must be charged 10-12 hours by a current equal to 5% -10% of the battery tank. For example, if you charge the battery with a capacity of 60 a / h with an electrolyte density of 1.23 - it needs to be charged with current no more than 6 and within 10 hours. With a decrease in the charge current, the charge time increases. At the same time, the small current for the battery is considered more useful.

Charge features by constant voltage

A constant voltage battery is charged longer than a constant current. It is worth considering that most modern cartoons are turned off at the end of the charge process, which, as a rule, lasts 12-24 hours, so you do not need to control it. It is also worth noting that this method charges the battery only by 80-90%, while the method described above is able to charge the battery 100%. The same method takes place battery from the generator during the operation of the car.

What are the charging devices?

Chargers can be classified across several criteria. Depending on the method that is used for charging, the chargers are:

- such that they are charged from DC;

Such that he charge from constant voltage;

Such that they charge the combined method.

DC charging must be carried out at a charge current at 1/10 of the battery capacity. Such charging is able to fully charge the battery, but the process will need control, because during it the electrolyte is heated and can boil that it causes a short circuit and battery fire. Such charging should not last more than one day. Charging from constant voltage is much safer, but it is not capable of providing a full battery charge.

Therefore, the combined charge method is used in modern charger. With this method, charging is first made from direct current, and then goes to charging from a constant voltage to exclude electrolyte overheating. Depending on the features of work and design, charger for car batteries are divided into two types:

Transformer

Devices that, along with the rectifier, a transformer is connected. Such devices are reliable and effective, but very cumbersome (have big dimensions and noticeable weight).

Pulse

The main element of such devices is a voltage converter operating at high frequencies. This is the same transformer, but significantly smaller sizes and weights than that of transformer charger. It is for this reason that such a kind of charging devices became very popular among motorists lately. In addition, the pulse instruments are automated by most processes, which will noticeably simplify the management of them. Depending on the purpose, the chargers are two species:

Charging and Prepass

Charge a car battery from an existing current source.

Charging and launcher

Capable not only to charge the battery from the network, but and make the engine start when it is discharged. Such devices are more universal and can issue a current of 100 V or more if you need to quickly charge the battery without an additional source of electrical current.

There is also a separate class of charging devices - solar batter charger. They make it possible to charge the battery without connecting to the network. Charging occurs with the solar battery unit that accumulates energy from the Sun. And the device itself is connected to the cigarette lighter or the battery terminals. Such devices are very convenient to use if the battery is discharged, and there is no power supply nearby.