TWIN TURBO system - purpose, device, principle of operation. The difference between Biturbo from Twinturbo What is Twin Turbo and Buturbo

15.01.2021

The main problem of using turbocharging is the inertia of the system or the occurrence of the so-called "turboyama" (temporary delay between the increase in engine speed and the actual increase in power). To eliminate it, a scheme was developed using two, the name Twinturbo. For some manufacturers, this technology is also known as Biturbo, but the differences in the designs is only in the commercial name.

Work features Twin Turbo

Swing system twinturbo.

Systems with two compressors are used on diesel, and on gasoline engines. However, for the latter, the use of better fuel with a high octane number is required, which reduces the likelihood of detonation (negative phenomenon arising in the engine cylinders, which destroys the cylinder-piston group).

In addition to the basic function of reducing the turbo time, the TWIN turbo scheme allows you to get higher, reduces fuel consumption and retains the maximum torque in a wide range of revolutions. This is achieved by using various compressor connection schemes.

Types of supercharges with two turbocharger

Depending on the method of connecting a pair of turbochargers, three main schemes of the Twinturbo system are distinguished:

parallel;
sequential;
step.

Parallel Turbine Connection Scheme

It provides for the connection of two identical turbochargers operating in parallel (at the same time). The essence of the design of the structure is that two smaller turbines have less inertia than one large.

Before serving, the air injected into the cylinders, injected by both turbocompressors, is entered into one intake manifold, where it is mixed with the fuel and is distributed in the combustion chamber. This scheme is more often used on diesel engines.

Sequential inclusion

Consecutive twin turbo connection

The sequential-parallel scheme assumes the installation of two identical turbines. One works constantly, and the second is connected when the engine is increased, increasing the load or other special modes. Switching operation modes is carried out using a valve driven by the engine of the car engine.

This system is primarily focused on eliminating the turboyama and getting the smooth dynamics of the acceleration of the car. By a similar scheme, the Tripleturbo turbocharger systems work.

Speed \u200b\u200bscheme

Speed \u200b\u200bscheme Buturbo

Two-stage turbocharging is two turbocharger of different sizes, which are set sequentially and connected to the inlet and outlet channels. The latter are equipped with bypass valves regulating air flow and exhaust gases. A stepped scheme has three modes of operation:

With small motor turnover valves are in a closed position. The spent gases pass through both turbines. Since the pressure of the gases is low, the impeller of the large turbine is practically not rotated. Air passes through both steps of compressors, receiving minimal overpressure.
With increasing engine speed, the exhaust gas valve begins to open, which leads to a large turbine. A larger compressor compresses air, after which it is heading for a small wheel, where additional compression is performed.
When the engine operates at the maximum of revolutions, both valves are fully open, which directs the stream of exhaust gases directly to a large turbine, the air passes through a larger compressor and immediately goes to the engine cylinders.

A stepped scheme is most often used for vehicles with diesel engines.

Advantages and disadvantages of dual turbocharging

Currently, Twinturbo is mainly installed on powerful vehicles. The use of this system allows you to achieve such an advantage as ensuring the maximum torque in a wide range of engine speeds. Also, due to the double turbocharging, an increase in power is achieved with relatively small engine dimensions, which makes it more economical compared to the atmospheric engine.

The main disadvantages of Buturbo include the high cost, which is due to the complexity of the design. Just as with a classical turbine, a system with two turbocharger needs in more respecting, high-quality fuel and a timely replacement of oil.

Twinturbo and Buturbo what the difference and what differences

You have repeatedly heard the names of Twinturbo (Twinturbo) and Buturbo (Biturbo), but what's the difference? And there is really no difference! Twin-turbo and bi-turbo are all marketing tricks and various names for the same turbocharging system. By the way, read the useful article of the bone of Nezludin about the advantages and minuses of various turbocharge systems

Contrary to the convictions of some "experts" the name of the Buturbo system or Tweinturbo does not display the process of operation of the turbine - parallel or sequential (sequential).

For example, the car Mitsubishi 3000 VR-4 turbocharging system is called Twinturbo (Twinturbo). In the car there is a V6 engine and it has two turbines, each of which uses the energy of exhaust gases from its three cylinders, but they fond of one common intake manifold. For example, German cars have similar on the working principle of the system, but they are not called twinturbo (Twinturbo), and Buturbo (Biturbo).

On the Toyota Supra car with a row six, two turbines are installed, the turbocharging system is called Twinturbo (Twinturbo), but they work in a special sequence, including and turning off using special overflow valves. At the Subaru B4 car, there are also two turbines, but they work successively: a small turbine is blowing on low revs, and at high, when it does not cope, the second larger turbine is connected.

Let us now look at both Bi Turbo (Biturbo) and Twinturbo (Twinturbo), or rather, what they write about them in "these your online":

Bi-Turbo (Biturbo) is a turbocharging system, which is two consistently included turbines. In the Buturbo system, two turbines are used, one small size, and the second larger size. A small turbine is spinning faster, but at high engine speed, the small turbine cannot cope with the air compression and the creation of the desired pressure. Then a large turbine is connected, adding a powerful charge of compressed air. Consequently, the delay (or turbo) is minimized, smooth accelerating dynamics is formed. Buturbo systems are not very cheap pleasure and are usually installed on high-class cars.

Buturbo system (Bitrubo) can be installed on the V6 engine, where each turbine will be installed on its part, but with a common intake. Either in a row motor, where the installation of the turbine is carried out by cylinders (for example, 2 for small and 2 for a hollow turbine), and a large tribone is first installed on the exhaust manifold, and then a small one first.

Twin-Turbo (Twinturbo) - this system is different from Bi-turbo what is aimed at reducing turbo lag or aligning acceleration dynamics, but to increase productivity. Twinturbo systems (Twinturbo) use two identical turbines, respectively, the performance of such a turbocharger system efficiently than the system with one turbine. In addition, if you apply 2 small turbines similar to the performance with one large, you can reduce the undesirable turbolag. But this does not mean that no one uses two large turbines. For example, two large turbines can be used in a serious drag for even greater performance. The Twin Turbo System can work both on V-shaped motors and in the row. The turbine inclusion sequence may vary, as well as on the Buturbo systems.

In general, for even more fun, no one bothers you to stick at once 3 (!) Turbines or more. The goal is persecuted as well as for Twinturbo. I must note that it is often applied to racing drag and never on serial cars.

By the way, read the useful article of the bone of Nezludin about the advantages and minuses of various turbocharge systems

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On modern cars, turbocharging is often used - it allows you to increase the engine power due to an increase in the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder for one cycle. From the middle of the 20th century there are cars in which two turbines are used at once - such a layout is called Twinturbo, Biturbo, Double Turbo and in other words. Often, you can find information about the fundamental differences of Twinturbo and Buturbo - in separate articles, the definitions and essence of unique structural elements are given. Let's try to figure out the layout of these systems and we.

Turbochards are increasingly used to increase engine power

The most interesting moment in this problem is that the fundamental differences just do not exist. Biturbo and its counterpart Twinturbo are simply alternative names of the same superchard systems with two compressors. Moreover, both Biturbo and Twinturbo assume the use of various variations of the technical part.

Different names were invented by marketers of famous automotive manufacturers in order to highlight their products among many similar machines built using the same layout. Interestingly, the Japanese to prefer their twinturbo dual turbochargers, while European companies write Biturbo - it also happened. Machines from both parts of the world come to our country, so the name is Biturbo, that Twinturbo is familiar to the domestic consumer. Therefore, the dispute about the differences between the names of turbochargers can be considered insolvent - and here to learn about the fundamentally different systems used in international practice will be interesting.

If you know what turbocharging is, you will understand that in the installation of two turbocompressors there are difficulties. Both turbines of the BITURBO system have to be installed on one exhaust highway, and a certain distance should be saved between them. The problem is that the far turbocharger will get less energy and work is not so efficient. In the middle of the 20th century, this problem was solved quite simply - the second turbine in the layout Twinturbo had the characteristics of the bearings and the shape of the impeller. Due to this, it was possible to synchronize the work of two aggregates and significantly increase the engine power using the Biturbo system.

BITURBO system is used less and less

However, practice has shown that the Twinturbo sequential layout has several important drawbacks:

The presence of a serious "turboyama", i.e., the turn range in which the turbines simply do not work;
Quite a long time of the response to the supply of gas;
Accelerated wear of the near turbine;
Disadvantage of installation on V-shaped motors.

The problem was tried to solve various ways. However, the most elegant and efficient engineering decision suggested Toyota, which made the inclusion of the turbocharger of its Biturbo variant. On low speed valves, the valves are closed and exhaust gases pass only through a small first turbine, easily spinning it and ensuring an early exit from the Turboyama. After reaching 3500 rpm, when the gas pressure is already excessive, the electronics opens a special damper, and the hot stream rushes to the second largest turbochargeor, providing a significant increase in engine power.

However, with the mass distribution of V-shaped motors, the biturbo sequential system began to be applied more and less often because it was uncomfortable from a constructive point of view. Approximately at the beginning of the 80s, the twinturbo alternative layout was proposed, in which each turbine was fixed behind several engine cylinders - as a rule, it was about one or another "half of the block. Turbocompressors could be located much closer to the inlet and exhaust collector, which significantly reduced the level of mechanical and aerodynamic losses, as well as increased the engine power. In addition, the Biturbo parallel system using compact turbines allowed to get rid of the "turboyama" and make the motor very sensitive to changing fuel supply.

In most cases, the TWIN TURBO parallel scheme involves the use of a common intake manifold, which simplifies it and makes less costly in service, but limits the dynamic potential of the car. Therefore, as an alternative, Biturbo layout was proposed with separate intake paths and collectors. Among other things, it allowed to adapt the system to use on compact row engines that were previously equipped with exceptionally two turbochargers located sequentially.

However, the most interesting TWINTURBO scheme was offered by BMW - its difference was the location of the turbines in the collapse of V8, and not parties from the cylinder block. Moreover, each of the turbocompressors wasted from cylinders located on both sides of the engine! Despite the huge difficulties that engineers had to overcome, the result exceeded all the expectations. Such an original BITURBO system reduced the length of the "turboyama" by 40% without reducing the reliability of the node. In addition, the stability of the engine was significantly increased and the intensity of its vibrations decreased.

Sometimes TwinScroll turbine is confused with TWINTURBO layout. The latter involves the use of one turbine having two channels and two parts of the impeller with a different shape of the blades. On low revs, a valve is opened leading to a smaller impeller - as a result, the turbocharger accelerates quite quickly and ensures the increase in power without "turboyama". However, with an increase in the speed of rotation of the crankshaft, the pressure of exhaust gases becomes redundant and the second valve opens - only a large impeller is used. As a result, the car receives additional productivity growth.

Of course, such a system has a slightly smaller efficiency than the classic Biturbo. However, in comparison with one turbine, the traction capacity of the engine is still increasing. Of course, the TWINSCROLL layout is complex in production and is considered to be quite unreliable. However, it is currently very often used in powerful vehicles - including in the Biturbo system.

If you know what the mechanical compressor is different from the turbine, then you will understand why these two systems are considered incompatible - the first is driven from the crankshaft, while the turbocharger uses the energy of exhaust gases and combine them almost impossible. However, there is nothing impossible for Volkswagen engineers - in your version of Twinturbo system, they included both nodes. The turbine works constantly, while the compressor helps to eliminate the "turboyam" on low revs. Subsequently, it turns off, but with a sharp press of the gas pedal, it comes into effect, improving the reaction of the engine to supply the fuel.

The result of using such a Biturbo variant has become a significant increase in power, reaching the torque limit on small revolutions, accelerating the revolutions, as well as a decrease in the response time to press the gas pedal. The difference with simple Twinturbo for the driver is practically imperceptible - it only feels easily predicted powerful dynamics and is not distracted by power failures or other problems. However, the system developed by Volkswagen turned out to be very complex in production and unreliable. Therefore, at present, only one of the two boost options uses on brands of brands.

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the differences in Twinturbo from Biturbo are only in the title. If you are really interested in various boost systems, you should pay attention to parallel and consistent layouts. In addition, it will be less detailed to familiarize themselves with the differences between the turbocharger from the mechanical supervision and the advantages of their joint use.

How do Biturbo and Twin Turbo engines work in cars?

In the literal translation from English, the phrase Twin-Turbo denotes a "double turbo" or "twice turbo". The correct are both translated options. Now let's leave the linguistic aspect and study in detail the technical side of this type of turbocharging.

In order to achieve a noticeable increase in engine power in its design, the turbine is installed. Twin-Turbo is one of the types of car turbo-system and it is on it that we will stop our attention. Twin Turbo implies the installation of two identical turbines at once, which repeatedly increase the performance of the entire turbocharging system. Such a layout is much more efficient to the turbosystem, in which only one turbine is used.

Initially, Burbo was designed to solve the main problem of all inflatable engines - elimination of the so-called "turboyama". This phenomenon is manifested in reducing elasticity and a sharp drop in the engine power on low revs. All this happens at the moment when the engine turbine under the pressure of exhaust gases does not have time to unwind up to optimal revolutions.

Subsequently, it was noted that dual turbines allow to significantly expand the range of revolutions of the rated torque, thereby increasing the maximum power, while at the same time reducing the total fuel consumption.

Did you know? The exclusive Supercar Bugatti Veyron is equipped with four turbines at once, and such a turbocharging system received the corresponding name - Quad-Turbo.

There are several main types of Twin-Turbo systems: parallel, sequential and speed. Each type of turbocharging is characterized by its own geometry, the principle of work and issued by dynamic characteristics.

This is a relatively simple type of turbosystem, the design of which includes a symmetric pair of simultaneously working compressors. Due to such synchronization, a uniform distribution of incoming air is achieved.

Often this scheme is used in diesel V-shaped engines, where each compressor is responsible for supplying air to the intake manifold of its cylinder group.

The decrease in inertia is achieved by reducing the mass of the turbine rotor, since 2 small compressors create greater pressure, spinning at the same time much faster than one large and more productive compressor. As a result, the turboyama is significantly reduced, which was mentioned above, and the engine gives the best characteristics in the entire turn range.

This type implies a layout consisting of two commensurate compressors, which can have different characteristics and work in complementary mode. The easier and fast supercharger works in continuous mode, thereby eliminating the deep and wide turboyam. The second supercharger according to the special electronics signals controls the engine speed and turns on with more severe engine operation modes, thus ensuring the maximum power and fuel efficiency.

On the peak modes of the engine operations are included at once 2 turbines, working in a pair. A similar scheme can be applied on engines with any fuel cycle.

The most complicated and progressive type of turbocharging, providing the widest range of power. Creating a necessary superior becomes possible due to the installation of two multiple compressors interconnected by a special system bypass valves and pipes.

This type of turbocharging is called a step due to the fact that the exhaust gases in the minimum modes are unchecked by a small turbine, and this allows the engine to easily gain momentum and work with greater efficiency. With increasing revolutions, the valve is discovered, which in turn leads to a large turbine. But the pressure it creates must be increased, which makes a small turbine.

After reaching the maximum revolutions, the large turbine issues a huge pressure, which turns a small supercharger into aerodynamic resistance. At this very moment, the automation opens the bypass valve, and the compressed air enters the engine, by passing a small turbine in its path.

But all the complexity of this system is fully compensated for by the flexibility of the engine operation and its highest characteristics.

What are the advantages of using twin-turbo and is there any deficiencies

The undoubted advantage of the Twin Turbo system is high power with a relatively small operating volume of the engine. This also includes a high torque and excellent car dynamics equipped with Twin-Turbo. The engine with two turbines is much more environmentally friendly than the usual, since turbocharging allows fuel to be much more efficient to burn in the system of cylinders.

Of the disadvantages of Buturbo, the complexity of the operation of such a system can be distinguished. The power plant becomes more sensitive to the quality of fuel and engine oil. Turbated engines need special oil, as the service filter service life is noticeably reduced without it. High temperatures in which turbines work negatively affect the entire car engine.

The main drawback of the Twin-Turbo system is a great fuel consumption. To create a fuel-air mixture in the cylinders, a large amount of air is needed, which entails an increase in fuel supply.

Turbines are pretty quickly wear out if you stop the car immediately jumper. To extend the life of Twin-Turbo to give the engine to work for some time at idle, thus cooling the turbine, and only after that you can safely reach the ignition key.

Remember! Twin-Turbo is a complex and very sensitive turbocharging system that needs careful relationships and high-quality components. Compliance with these simple rules allows you to make the most enjoy the speed and dynamics of the car.

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Bi-Turbo (Bi-Turbo) and Twin-Turbo (Twin-Turbo), double supervision - differences. So different or not?

Turbated engines are not so simple, as it seems, there are many misunderstandings and uncertainties near this topic. One of these is about the two buildings "Bi-Turbo" and "Twin-Turbo". Not so long ago, he personally witnessed the conversation of two car owners, one assured - that there is a difference, but the other is that there is no difference! So what is the truth? Indeed, what is the difference between these two buildings of turbo engines, let's understand ...

To be honest, then the difference, of course, will be, but it will not be categorical! Just because the names are taken from different manufacturers who set their units with different layout and structure.

However, the Bi-Turbo and Twi-Nuturbo system is essentially the same thing. If you take English and look at the designation, Bi-Turbo and Twin-Turbo, you can see two "BI" and "twin" consoles - if it is rudely translated that it turns out - "two" or "two". Not otherwise - as the designation of the presence of two turbines on the engine, and the same name can be applied to the same engine, that is, they are absolutely interchangeable. These names do not carry some technical differences in themselves, so it is "naked marketing".

Now there may be a question, but why? Everything just has only two questions that they are called to decide:

Elimination of turboyama, we can say that this is a priority problem.
Increase power.
Engine structure.

I will, perhaps, from the simplest item - this is the structure of the engine. Of course, it is easy to install one turbine when you have an inline engine for 4 or 6 cylinders. Silencer then one. But what to do when you say v shaped motor? And three - four cylinders on each strand, then the silencer is two! So put on every turbine, medium or low power.

Elimination of the turboyama - as I wrote from above, this is the task number "1". The fact is that the turbocharged motor, there is a failure - when you click on gas, the exhaust gases need to go through and unwind the impeller of the turbine, it is that time and "seats" power, it can be from 2 to 3 seconds! And if you need to do the overtook maneuver at speed - this is not safe! So you set various turbines, and often compressor + turbine. One works on low revs, that is, at the start to avoid the "turboyama", the second - at speed when you need to leave cravings.

Increased power is the most banal case. That is, to increase the power of the engine, another powerful turbine is installed to a low-power turbine, so they blow two, which significantly improves productivity. By the way on some racing machines, there are three and even four turbines, but it is very difficult and in the series, as a rule, does not go!

Here is the actual and solutions for which the "Twinturbo" or "Buturbo" apply and you know this is really a way out, from getting rid of the turboyama and increasing power.

Now only two main buildings are applied on many cars - the location of two turbines. This is parallel and consistent (known as sequential).

For example, some Mitsubishi have a "Twinturbo", but parallel work, as I have already noted from above, these are two turbines on the V6 unit, one for each side. They blow in a common manifold. But for example, on some Audi, there is also a parallel work on the V6 engine, but the name "Buturbo".

On Toyota cars, in particular, on "Supra", there is a row six, however, there are also two superhairs - they work in a cunning order, they can work at once two, can one work, another no, may be included alternately. It all depends on your travel manner - they seek such work with "cunning" bypass valves. Here is a sequential-parallel job.

As on some Subaru cars, the first (small) air pumps air on low revs, the second (large) is connected only when the revolutions have grown significantly, here is the parallel inclusion.

So there are no difference or there are no differences at all? You know the busy, the manufacturers still distinguish these two buildings, let us know more.

As a rule, these are two consistently included turbines to work. At the bright example, Subaru is one small and then the other big.

Small is spinning much faster, because it does not have a large inertial energy - it is logical, it turns on to work on the bottoms, that is, the first. For low speeds and to low revolutions, this is quite enough. But at high speeds and turns, this "baby" is practically useless, there is a flow, where more compressed air is needed - the second is more severe and powerful turbine. Which gives the desired power and performance. What gives such consistent accommodation in Bi-Turbo? It is almost an exception of turboyama (comfortable acceleration) and high performance at high speeds when the thrust remains even at speeds for 200 km / h.

It should be noted that they can be installed both on the V6 unit (on each side by its turbine) and in the row version (there may be an exhaust manifold here, for example, one with two other cylinders).

The minuses can be called high cost and work on setting up such a system. After all, the thin settings of the bypass valves are used here. Therefore, the installation is due to expensive sports cars, such as Toyota Supra, or on auto elite class - Maceratti, Aston Martin, etc.

Here, mainly the task is not to get rid of the "turboyama", but to maximize the productivity (discharge of compressed air). As a rule, such a system on high revs is working when one supercharger cannot cope with the load increased by it, therefore it is set (parallel) another same. Together they injected air twice as much as we give almost the same increase in productivity!

But what about the "turboyama", what does she get buried here? But there is no, it is also effectively defeated only a little different way. As I said, small turbines are much faster thanked, so imagine - change 1 large, 2 small - performance practically does not fall (work in parallel), but the "pit" leaves because the reaction is faster. Therefore, it turns out, create a normal craving, from the bottom.

Installation can be both in line models of power units and V-shaped.

Production and setup is much cheaper, so this building is used in many manufacturers.

This can also be called "bi-turbo" or "Twin-turbo" - as you wish. In essence, the compressor and the turbo version make one work, only one (mechanical) is much more efficient in the nizakh, another (from spent gases) - in the top! About the differences in pans read here.

As a rule, the compressor is installed on the belt transmission from the crankshaft of the engine, so it is quickly spinning with it as quickly as possible. Thus, allowing you to avoid "pits", but at high speed it is useless - a turbo version is already entering.

This symbiosis is used on some German machines, a large plus compressor that he has a much higher resource than an opponent!

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Turbated engines are not so simple, as it seems, there are many misunderstandings and uncertainties near this topic. One of these is about the two buildings "Bi-Turbo" and "Twin-Turbo." Not so long ago, he personally witnessed the conversation of two car owners, one assured - that there is a difference, but the other is that there is no difference! So what is the truth? Indeed, what is the difference between these two buildings of turbo engines, let's understand ...

However, I. system "Bi-turbo" and "Twi-Nuturbo" - essentially the same thing. If you take English and look at the designation, bi-turbo and twin-turbo, you can see two consoles « BI "and" Twin " - If it is rudely translated, it turns out - "two" or "two". Not otherwise - as the designation of the presence of two turbines on the engine, and the same name can be applied to the same engine, that is, they are absolutely interchangeable. These names do not carry some technical differences in themselves, so it is "naked marketing".

Two turbines on the engine - how and why?

Now there may be a question, but why? Everything just has only two questions that they are called to decide:

Elimination, we can say that this is a priority problem.
Increase power.
Engine structure.

I will, perhaps, from the simplest item - this engine structure . Of course, it is easy to install one turbine when you have an inline engine for 4 or 6 cylinders. Silencer then one. But what to do when you say v shaped motor? And three - four cylinders on each strand, then the silencer is two! So put on every turbine, medium or low power.

Elimination of turboyama - As I wrote from above, this is the task number "1". The fact is that the turbocharged motor, there is a failure - when you click on gas, the exhaust gases need to go through and unwind the impeller of the turbine, it is that time and "seats" power, it can be from 2 to 3 seconds! And if you need to do the overtook maneuver at speed - this is not safe! So you set various turbines, and often compressor + turbine. One works on low revs, that is, at the start to avoid the "turboyama", the second - at speed when you need to leave cravings.

Increase power - This is the most banal case. That is, to increase the power of the engine, another powerful turbine is installed to a low-power turbine, so they blow two, which significantly improves productivity. By the way on some racing machines, there are three and even four turbines, but it is very difficult and in the series, as a rule, does not go!

Here is the actual and solutions for which the "Twinturbo" or "Buturbo" apply and you know this is really a way out, from getting rid of the turboyama and increasing power.

About the structure

Now only two main buildings are applied on many cars - the location of two turbines. This is parallel and consistent (known as sequential).

As on some Subaru cars, the first (small) air pumps air on low revs, the second (large) is connected only when the revolutions have grown significantly, here is the parallel inclusion.

So there are no difference or there are no differences at all? You know the busy, the manufacturers still distinguish these two buildings, let us know more.

Bi-turbo (Bi-Turbo)

As a rule, these are two consistently included turbines to work. At the bright example, Subaru is one small and then the other big.

Twin-turbo (Twin-Turbo)

Installation can be both in line models of power units and V-shaped.

Production and setup is much cheaper, so this building is used in many manufacturers.

Turbine + compressor

For reading 4 min.

The struggle for increasing the efficiency (efficiency) comes from the very appearance of an internal combustion engine as such. And almost immediately, the turbocharger and simply mechanical blowers of the air were invented. For a better understanding, it is worth knowing that the principle of operation of the engine is based on the right ratio of fuel and air, which falls into the engine cylinders. This correct ratio is equal to 1: 14.7. It is in this form that the qualitative distribution of the mixture in the cylinder and its combustion is ensured. Installing the turbine, or even two turbines in the form of Twin Turbo significantly increase the amount of air and the pressure with which it will enter the engine.

Basics

If you literally translate Twin Turbo English, it will be released or "double turbo" or "doubling turbo". In principle, both options are correct. That is, it can be understood from the name that there are not one, but two turbines. There are several varieties of ways to use two blowers at the same time:

Step.
Parallel.
Sequential.

Any of systems, one way or another, is controlled by an electronic control unit, without it to create an effective operation of twin turbo will be impossible. ECU controls the input sensors of turbocharger, electrical systems of actuating air control valves, due to which it takes very thin, tuning TURBO operation.

Parallel principle of work

Parallel Twin Turbo is the simultaneous operation of two turbochargers, which work in parallel to each other. The same work of two turbines is obtained due to the fact that each turbine snags the same portion of exhaust gases. Equal air and equal pressure are also coming from each compressor. Compressed air enters the intake manifold common for them, where the cylinder distribution is already happening. Parallel Twin Turbo is typical for V-shaped engines, especially for diesel, where the degree of inertia is very important. Two small turbines provide smaller inertia, rather than one large.

Sequential work

The meaning of the work of the serial Twin Turbo lies in the fact that the turbochargers do not work simultaneously, but consistently replace each other. That is, running the engine works one compressor, and according to the degree of increasing the number of crankshaft revolutions turns on the second. Such a solution allows you to save fuel and not to use constantly one of the turbines. By the way, such a twin turbo system includes two identical on the characteristics of the compressor. The transition between the turbines also provides an electronic control unit. In such a system, its main task is to regulate and distribute the flow of burnt gases between turbines. Regulation of the flow of gases to the second compressor is carried out due to a special solenoid valve. Also, it is often in the ECU to bring such characteristics for turbines to minimize the side effect of turboset. The use of Twin Turbo was noticed both on gasoline and diesel engine.

Step work turbines

Considering the speeding system twin turbo, it is important to note that it is she who is the most technically competent and perfect, determines the largest rise of the CPD. This system presents electronic control of both burnt gases and the emerging stream of compressed air. Here, in contrast to previous options, it is possible to use two different turbocharging. When the engine turnover is low torque valve of burnt gases closed. Gaza follow the twin turbo system first visiting a small compressor, where they get the maximum return on pressure with minimal inertia. Next, they fall into a large turbine. When the turnover increases the joint work of turbines. The bypass valve is gradually opens, it begins to gradually unwind the second turbine, the launch of the gases right through it. When the turns grow to the maximum, the valve opens completely, and the large turbine begins to work at full power and the air comes from it into the engine.

The concept and principle of operation of the turbocharging system called Twin Turbo. Photos of the new turbocharged engine Biturbo, video and schemes.

What is it and how does it work?

Twin Turbo translated from English means double turbo and in this turbocharger system costs two turbocharger. First, the turbochargers were used to overcome and inertia systems. Now the use and use of these turbocompressors has grown significantly, as it reduces the consumption of fuel. Output power increases and helps to maintain a nominal torque in a wide range of engine speed.

Types of twin turbo and their differences

There are three varieties of the TWIN TURBO system scheme: sequential, parallel, and stepped. These three schemes differ from each other by the location, characteristics and sequence of turbocharger. The electronic control system very accurately sets the operation of turbocompressors. The system includes input sensors, air flow control valves and recycled combustible.

Trading label turbocharging system is Twin Turbo, but there is another name for this system - "Biturbo". Not quite correctly in different information sources, Biturbo perceive as a system with a parallel circuit of the turbocharger operation.

Video: How the turbine works:

1. Parallel Twin Turbo or Biturbo

The parallel system of Twin Turbo works simultaneously and parallel to each other, and includes two identical turbocharger. Parallel work occurs due to even division of the flow of burnt gases between turbocompressors. A compressed air comes out of each compressor and enters the overall intake manifold, and then it is distributed over the cylinders. Parallel Twin Turbo is used, as a rule, on diesel V-shaped engines. Due to the parallel turbocharging scheme, the efficiency of the system is based on the fact that two small turbines have less inertia than one large turbine. Turbocompressors operate on all engine speeds providing a rapid boost. And each turbine is installed on its outlet manifold.

The first turbocharger is constantly working in the TWIN TURBO serial system, and the second starts working in a certain order of operation of the engine (increased frequency of revolutions, load). The serial turbocharger includes two identical via the characteristics of the turbocharger.

The electronic control system ensures the transition between the modes and adjusts the flow of burnt gases to the second turbochargeor due to the special valve. The correct system is correctly called sequentially - parallel, because with the full opening of the flow control valve of the burnt gases, both turbocompressors are operated in parallel. Compressed air is supplied to the overall intake manifold from two turbocompressors and is distributed over the cylinders.

To achieve the highest possible power output, the Twin Turbo sequence system minimizes the effects of turbo vehicles. Apply, both on diesel engines and gasoline. In 2011, a system with three consecutive turbocharger companies BMW was also called Triple Turbo.

In technical terms, the two-stage turbocharging system is the most perfect. Borgwarner Turbo Systems puts this system to Cummins and BMW diesel engines, and since 2004, the two-stage turbocharger system on some diesel engines from Opel has begun to apply.

In the two-stage turbocharging system, the valve control of the flow of burnt gases and the injected air is used. This system consists of two turbochargers of different sizes. Subsequently installed in the intake and graduation paths.

Bypass valve of burnt gases is closed at low engine speed. Burned gases through a small turbocharger, having a maximum return and minimal inertia pass further through a large turbocharger. And since the pressure of the exhaust gases is not strong, therefore, and the large turbine is practically not rotated. The bypass valve is closed on the inlet and the air comes in series through large and small compressors.

The overall work of turbocompressors begins to be carried out with increasing revolutions. And gradually begins to open the aircraft valve of burnt gases. A large turbine begins to more and intensively unwind, as part of the exhaust gases goes right through it.

A large compressor on the inlet with a certain pressure begins to compress air, but the pressure is not too large and compressed air further enters into a small compressor, where the pressure continues. At the same time, the bypass valve remains closed. Bypass valve of burnt gases opens completely at full load. A small turbine stops, and the big starts to spin up to the maximum frequency, as the burnt gases are almost completely passing through it. Pressure pressure reaches its maximum value on the inlet of a large compressor. At the same time, a small compressor creates an interference for air. And at a certain point, the overlap valve opens and the compressed air directly directly goes to the engine.

Thanks to the system of two-stage turbocharger, the Twin Turbo system instantly achieved the rated torque and is maintained in a wide range of engine speed. This achieves the maximum increase in power. Thus, the system supports the brilliant operation of turbocompressors on all modes of engine operation. Also, the system also explains the known confrontation of diesel engines between the limiting power at high revs and the high torque on low revs.

Video about twin turbo: how it works

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