Presentation "geography of transport" presentation for a geography lesson on the topic. Presentation on geography "the role and importance of transport" We are engaged in the geography of transport presentation

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Lesson objectives: to develop ideas about the sectors of the world economy; develop the ability to characterize the World Transport System, its problems and development prospects according to the main parameters; form an idea of ​​the differences in transport and its features in countries different types; to form knowledge about the geography of the main modes of transport.

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D\Z clause 3 “Geography of Transport” 2. Work at the station. Show: on "3" 1. Transcontinental railways. 2. Largest airports (specify name) (4) 3. Largest ports in the world (3) on "4" + Largest international river arteries. (5) (atlasMap.ru) to "5" + Main oil and gas pipelines. (3) (http://xreferat.ru/96/page88.html) (mir/map.ru)

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Lesson plan: 1. Quantitative indicators of transport performance. 2. Transport network of the world. Structure of world transport. Regional transport systems. 3. The influence of scientific and technological revolution on the development of transport 4. Land transport of the world. 5. Water transport of the world. 6. Air transport of the world. 7. Conclusions 8. Consolidation of material.

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Transport structure Railroad, road pipeline Sea, River

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Freight turnover is the product of the amount of cargo transported (in tons) and the transportation distance (in km). Cabotage is shipping between ports of one country. Large cabotage - shipping between ports of different seas, for example between the Baltic and Black. Small cabotage is shipping between the ports of one or two adjacent seas, for example between the Black and Azov seas. 3) Load capacity of the vehicle - maximum weight load that it can lift, move or transport.

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World transport system THE SUMMARY OF ALL COMMUNICATION ROUTES, TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES AND VEHICLES FORM THE WORLD TRANSPORT SYSTEM (MTS). HOWEVER, THE WORLD'S FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IS EXTREMELY UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAPHICALLY! Exercise. Analyze the map. Mark the regions of the world with dense transport networks.

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Regional transport systems HOWEVER, THE WORLD'S FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IS EXTREMELY UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAPHICALLY! RTS North America 30% of the total length of the MTS; 1st place in terms of cargo turnover; high level motorization. RTS of Foreign Europe 1st place in density and frequency of traffic; high level of development of air and road transport. RTS of the Commonwealth of Independent States 10% of MTS; high share of railway transport in freight turnover; high rates of transportation range.

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According to the level of development, the world transport system can be divided into two parts: transport in economically developed countries and transport in developing countries Transport in economically developed countries Transport in developing countries Lagging sector of the economy High technical level Interaction of various sub-sectors. The provision of a transport network, its density, and the mobility of the population are the highest. Lack of development of transport systems. The predominance of one or two modes of transport: railway - India, Pakistan, Brazil, Argentina; river - countries of Tropical Africa Horse-drawn, pack transport, and porters are still widely used to move goods. Transport mobility of the population is several times lower than the world average. These countries account for up to 80% of the total length of the global transport network. Horse-drawn, pack transport, and porters are still widely used to move goods. .

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Transport is the third leading sector of material production. QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF THE WORLD TRANSPORT SYSTEM: NUMBER OF EMPLOYED 140 MILLION. PERSON FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRAFFIC LENGTH OF COMMUNICATION ROUTES LENGTH OF COMMUNICATION ROUTES (in thousand km) 24000 Distribute the modes of transport according to the length of communication routes? ?

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STRUCTURE OF WORLD CARGO AND PASSENGER TURNOVER SHARE IN FREIGHT TURNOVER SHARE IN PASSENGER TURNOVER Assignment. Analyze the chart data. Reply to next questions: 1. Which type of transport predominates in cargo transportation, and which one in passenger traffic in the world? How do you think we can explain such differences in the participation of transport in turnover? 2. What type of transport predominates in cargo transportation in Russia and Japan? Why? 3. Which type of transport is almost not involved in cargo transportation, and which in passenger transportation? Why do you think?

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TRANSPORT AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL REVOLUTION Conclusion: Find the answer in the textbook on page 136 (2nd column), and also see additional text No. 18, 19 on page 151. INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF TRANSPORT ROUTES APPEARANCE OF NEW VEHICLES INCREASING CAPACITY AND CARGO CAPACITY INCREASING MOVEMENT SPEED

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PIPELINE The world's most powerful main oil and gas pipelines are located in the CIS: “Friendship” “Northern Light” “Soyuz” It developed due to the growth of oil and gas production and the territorial gap between the areas of production and consumption. The first oil pipeline was built in the USA in 1865, 6 km long. According to their purpose, pipelines can be divided into the following groups: field - connecting wells with various objects; main pipelines (MT) - intended for transporting commercial oil and petroleum products from areas of their production (from fields), production or storage to places of consumption.

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Road transport is now the most common form of transport. Road transport is younger than rail and water transport; the first cars appeared in the very late XIX century. After World War II, road transport began to compete with railroads. The advantages of road transport are maneuverability, flexibility, speed. Trucks Today they transport almost all types of cargo, but even over long distances (up to 5 thousand or more thousand km) road trains (truck-tractor and trailer or semi-trailer) successfully compete with the railway when transporting valuable cargo for which delivery speed is critical, for example, perishable goods products.

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The absolute majority now existing cars- cars for individual use (passenger cars). They are usually used for trips over distances of up to two hundred kilometers. According to the Ecology Committee State Duma RF, the Russian automobile fleet by the beginning of 2000 amounted to 27.06 million vehicles.

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Advantages and disadvantages Advantages: Quick movement from one point in the neighborhood to another. Disadvantages: Road transport has many disadvantages. Cars- the most wasteful transport compared to other types of transport in terms of the costs required to move one passenger. The main share (63%) of environmental damage to the planet is associated with motor transport. Significant environmental damage is caused environment and society at all stages of production, operation and disposal of cars, fuel, oils, tires, road construction and other automotive infrastructure. In particular, nitrogen and sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere when gasoline is burned cause acid rain. The amount of annual environmental damage from the functioning of the transport complex of the Russian Federation is 3.4 billion US dollars, or approximately 1.5% of the gross national product. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from vehicles amounted to 12,190.7 thousand tons. Road transport requires good roads. Now in developed countries there is a network of highways - multi-lane roads without intersections, allowing speeds of over one hundred kilometers per hour.

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In the structure of the volume of commercial cargo transportation, the share of road transport predominates - about 53%.

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Transport highways are the main transport routes as part of the transport network of a territory. are of great importance in the system of production and territorial connections. Transport highways are divided into: international highways: Pan-American Highway. national highways: Trans-Amazon Highway. interdistrict highways: Moscow – St. Petersburg.

Geography of World Transport 1. Transport is the third leading branch of material production and the basis of the geographical division of labor.

Geography lesson in 10th grade

1.Transport is the third leading sector of material production

• Basis of geographical division of labor
• The volume and structure of transport traffic reflect:
• Promotes specialization and cooperation of enterprises and industries
• Helps reduce the territorial gap between the production and consumption of goods and services

Level and structure

economy

Accommodation

productive forces

Transport performance indicators

• Freight turnover.
• Freight (transportation fee).
• Cabotage (shipping between ports of one country).
• Load capacity.
• Airway (airline)

World transport

• communication routes
• transport companies
• vehicles

• electrification of railways;
• the advent of hovercraft;
• magnetic suspension;
• increase in the length of electrified railways;
• increase in passenger turnover.

• number of employed – more than 100 million people
• total length of the transport network - > 36 million km
• cargo transported - more than 100 billion tons
• passengers transported - more than 1 trillion people

STRUCTURE OF WORLD CARGO AND PASSENGER TURNOVER

SHARE IN CARGO TURNOVER

SHARE IN PASSENGER TURNOVER

Exercise. Analyze the chart data. Answer the following questions:

• Which mode of transport predominates in cargo transportation, and which in passenger traffic in the world?
• What type of transport predominates in cargo transportation in Russia and Japan? Why?
• Which type of transport is almost not involved in cargo transportation, and which in passenger transportation? Why do you think?

See the map in the atlas

"TRANSPORT"

Changing the structure of cargo turnover Impact of scientific and technological revolution on the global transport system

• increase in throughput
• emergence of new vehicles
• increasing the capacity and volume of transported cargo (containerization)

Regional transport systems

• North American
• European
• Latin American
• African
• South Asia

WATER TRANSPORT

Analyze a map of shipping lines.

About which ocean can we say: “Great

world trade route? Between which

main shipping lines pass between countries?

Which state is the leader in terms of quantity?

major ports? What is the reason?

World rail transport

• The first steam railway was the Liverpool - Manchester line in England, opened in 1830 G.
• In the same year, the first railroad in the United States was built, connecting the cities of Charleston and Augusta.
• In 1833, the first railway appeared in France,
• in 1835 - in Germany and Belgium.
• And in Russia, the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo (26 km) was opened in 1837.

• the emergence of electric vehicles;

• the emergence of electric vehicles;
• change in fuel types (oxygen, hydrogen, diesel, gas, rapeseed oil);
• increase in the length of paved roads;
• increase in cargo turnover by 8%;

The topic of the video lesson is “Geography of world transport”. Thanks to this lesson, you will receive a lot of interesting information about types of transport, its operation, characteristics and geographical features. The lesson describes in detail the main parameters of the global transport system, its problems and development prospects.

Topic: Geography of global economic sectors

Lesson:Geography of world transport

Transport is the third integral part material production after industry and Agriculture. Transport has a huge impact on the geographical division of labor, the location of industries, and international integration.

World transport system- the totality of all transport infrastructure, transport enterprises, vehicles and control systems in the aggregate. The world transport system was formed in the 20th century. The total length of the world's transport network without sea routes exceeds 37 million km: length highways- 24 million km, railway tracks- 1.25 million km, pipelines - 1.9 million km, air routes - 9.5 million km, river routes - 0.55 million km. The length of transport networks of developed countries accounts for 78% of the total length of the world transport network and they account for 74% of global freight turnover.

In the era of scientific and technological revolution, transport speeds increased, load capacity, comfort, etc. increased.

Types of transport by geographical areas of application:

1. Land (road, railway, pipeline, horse-drawn, etc.).

2. Water (sea, river).

3. Air (aircraft, helicopter, cable car).

Automobile transport. Road transport is the most common type of transport; it is younger than rail and water transport; the first cars appeared at the very end of the 19th century. After World War II, road transport began to compete with railroads. The advantages of road transport are maneuverability, flexibility, speed. Trucks now transport almost all types of cargo, but even over long distances (up to 5 thousand or more thousand km), road trains (tractor truck and trailer or semi-trailer) successfully compete with the railway when transporting valuable cargo for which delivery speed is critical, for example , perishable products. In terms of passenger turnover, road transport ranks first.

Leading countries in terms of highway length: USA, India, Brazil, China, Japan, France, Canada, Italy.

Automation of the world's population

(according to the analytical agency Autostat)

Rice. 1. Map of the level of motorization

Leading countries by total number of cars: USA, Japan, Germany, France, Italy. Currently, the car parks of China, Brazil, and Russia are growing at the fastest rates.

Currently, new highways are being designed and built, including those connecting different regions and countries.

Railway transport. Railways began to appear at the beginning of the 19th century in Great Britain, Belgium and France. Currently, railway transport plays an important role in the transportation of passengers and goods.

Leading countries in terms of railway length: USA, Canada, Russia, China, India, France, Germany, Australia.

Leading countries in terms of the share of electrified railways: Switzerland, France, Belgium, Russia.

Speed ​​records on rails

Taiwan: Taipei - Kaohsiung, Taiwan High Speed ​​Railway (THSR) - up to 300 km/h.

China: Wuhan - Guangzhou - up to 350 km/h.

Japan: Tokyo - Osaka - up to 276 km/h (Tokyo - Nagoya plan - up to 500 km/h).

South Korea: Seoul - Daejon - up to 430 km/h.

France: Paris - Strasbourg - up to 350 km/h.

Germany: Frankfurt/M. (airport) - Cologne, Munich - Nuremberg - up to 320 km/h.

Italy: Rome - Naples - up to 300 km/h.

Spain: Madrid - Barcelona - up to 350 km/h.

UK - Belgium: London - Brussels - up to 300 km/h.

Rice. 2. High-speed train "Sapsan"

In the 21st century, it is planned to create several transcontinental railways, for example: Istanbul - Tashkent - Beijing, Singapore - Bangkok - Beijing, Beijing - Yakutsk, Vancouver - San Francisco.

Pipeline transport was developed due to increased oil and gas exports. The longest pipeline is the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean oil pipeline with a length of 4,700 km.

Leading countries in terms of pipeline length water transport: USA, Russia, Canada.

Water transport: sea and inland waterways. This type of transport is considered cheap and transports mainly goods; for example, maritime transport accounts for 80% of all external transport.

Cargo capacity- the total volume of the premises (holds) of the ship intended to accommodate cargo.

Load capacity- the mass of the cargo for which the given vehicle is designed to be transported vehicle; main performance characteristics vehicle.

Leading countries in terms of fleet tonnage: Panama, Liberia, Bahamas, Greece, Singapore, Malta, Cyprus, China. This is due to the ease of registering a vessel in these countries.

There are more than 2,500 seaports in the world. The largest ports in the world: Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Busan, Shenzhen, Dubai, Rotterdam.

Rice. 3. Port of Shanghai

The largest navigable rivers in the world: Mississippi, Yangtze, Volga, Amazon, Rhine, Danube, Mekong, Ganges, etc.

Leading countries in the development of inland water transport: USA, Canada, Russia, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium.

Air Transport- the fastest and at the same time the most expensive type of transport. Main scope of application air transport - Passenger Transportation at distances of over a thousand kilometers. Also carried out freight transportation, but their share is very low. Mostly perishable products and especially valuable cargo, as well as mail, are transported by air.

Leading countries in terms of the number of passengers transported by air: USA, Japan, China, UK, Germany, France, Russia.

Largest airports in the world by passenger traffic
(according to aci.aero, guardian.co.uk)

Largest airlines in the world
(BydataWATS Scheduled Passengers Carried)