Review, characteristics, features of application and operation. YuMZ tractors

In the Soviet Union, the development and production of agricultural machinery was solved centrally. A striking example of this is the YUMZ-6 tractor, designed by the Minsk Tractor Plant, the production of which was later organized in Dnepropetrovsk at Yuzhmash. This approach to design and development activities allowed significant savings in the implementation of the model in production.

The UMZ-6 wheeled tractor belongs to the class of universal general-purpose machines of the "Belarus" family. Designed to perform the following types of work:

1. Agricultural operations using trailed, semi-mounted and mounted devices.
2. Road construction, forestry, and special types of work.
3. The tractor can be used as a drive for mobile and stationary units.
4. Transport operations using trailers and semi-trailers.

A series of attachments was created especially for YuMZ-6, which significantly expands its capabilities. With the help of the mentioned units, this tractor is transformed into an earth-moving machine, bulldozer, excavator or loader. Conversion can be carried out both in the factory and in specialized workshops.

1. The history of the creation of the YUMZ-6 tractor

The first samples of this model were assembled at the Southern Machine-Building Plant in the city of Dnepropetrovsk in 1966. The prototype for the described tractor was MTZ-5, which was developed by the design bureau of the Minsk Tractor Plant. This model has been produced at YuMZ since 1958. During the modernization, many technical solutions were retained that provide the machine with high performance characteristics.

The YuMZ-6 tractors have been mass-produced since 1970, the last copy left the assembly line of the plant in 2001. During the production process, various changes were made to the design; in total, four modifications were developed. We are talking about the following models: YuMZ-6L, YuMZ-6AL, YuMZ-6K and YuMZ-6AK.

The design of the tractor was so successful that they became interested in it abroad. In particular, in 1974, the technological documentation was purchased from the Soviet Union by the Swedish company Volvo. On the basis of the YuMZ-6, the Volvo BM-700 model was developed, which was produced from 1976 to 1982. This technique has proven itself well in the harsh climatic conditions of Scandinavia.

The YuMZ-6L tractor was produced from 1970-1978.

The last tractor of this series, modified YUMZ-6AKM-40.2, left the factory assembly line in 2001 and was discontinued as morally and technically obsolete. This model was replaced by YuMZ-8040.2, YuMZ-8040.2M, YuMZ-8244.2 and YuMZ-8244.2M. The described tractor has been produced for more than 30 years, which indicates significant potential.

2. General description and technical characteristics of the YUMZ-6 tractor

The layout of this model is classic for cars of this class with a 4 × 2 wheel arrangement. The skeleton of the YuMZ-6 tractor is a semi-frame, made up of two longitudinal spars and a transverse front bar. On this structure, the clutch and gearbox housings are fixed.

In the front part of the tractor, on the frame, the front axle is hingedly mounted with steerable wheels, the rotation of which is provided by pins. At the rear, the machine rests on the semiaxis sleeves rigidly fixed to the gearbox housing. This design is the simplest and most reliable. The drive is permanent to the rear wheels through the axle shafts of the final drives.

The tractor is equipped with low pressure pneumatic tires with developed lugs to ensure high cross-country ability. The wheels have different diameters, the dimension of the tires in front is 7.50-20 or 9.00-20; behind - 15.5R38. This technical solution is typical for machines of this category and provides them with fairly high technical characteristics.

The tractors of the YuMZ-6 series belong to the traction class 1.4, which makes it in demand in various areas of management. The machine is equipped with:

• separate-modular hydraulic system;
• electrical equipment with a 12 V on-board network;
• pneumatic system;
• equipment rear hitch mechanism.

The steering of the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic booster, the turn of the front wheels is provided by a trapezoid through a longitudinal rod. The latter is connected to the shaft of the three-spoke steering wheel through a cardan transmission. The service brake system is pneumatic, shoe or disc type with pedal control. The parking mechanism is operated by means of a lever secured by a ratchet.

The YuMZ-6AL tractor was produced from 1978 to 1986.

2.1 Dimensional and weight parameters

The tractors of the YuMZ-6 series belong to the category of mid-size, universal machines.

The main mass-dimensional characteristics of the machine are as follows:

The overall weight characteristics of the YuMZ-6 tractor may differ from those indicated above, depending on the modification. Machine dimensions and rational weight distribution provide it with excellent maneuverability and cross-country ability. Allowed to use in limited areas, in industrial and agricultural facilities, in forests and in open spaces.

2.2. The engine of the YuMZ-6 tractor

Tractors of the YuMZ-6 series are equipped with diesel power units of two models D65M and D65N, which have different structural weights of 525 and 540 kg, respectively. The engine is mounted in front of the cab and is secured with rubber mounts to the frame. Above and from the front, the power unit is closed by a hood; removable steel panels are installed on the sides. Main technical characteristics of the engine:

The diesel engine is naturally aspirated without turbocharging, which greatly simplifies its design and operation. The power unit has a liquid cooling system with a front-mounted radiator. Fuel is supplied from a tank located behind the cab and shielded by a steel sheet from external influences. The manufacturer guarantees a minimum engine life of 10 thousand hours before the first overhaul.

2.3. Gearbox of the YuMZ-6 tractor

Tractors of the YuMZ-6 series are equipped with mechanical gearboxes, the latter are designed to change gear ratios, ensure reverse movement and power take-off. The design allows the engine to operate when the tractor is stationary and the clutch is engaged.

The constant mesh gearbox with three movable carriages has five stages with manual lever control. The unit is equipped with a reduction gear, which allows doubling the number of modes. The primary shaft, mounted on roller bearings, drives the secondary or PTO shaft through a system of gears and couplings.

The device of the box excludes the possibility of engaging two gears at the same time through a special gate. A locking mechanism is also provided to avoid starting the engine if the gearbox is not in neutral. Lubrication of parts and assemblies of the gearbox is carried out with oil in the crankcase by partially immersing the gears and spraying it.

2.4. Chassis and transmission of the YuMZ-6 tractor

The universal wheeled tractor YUMZ-6 is equipped with reliable mechanisms for transmitting and converting torque from the engine to the wheels. The chassis includes:

• Main clutch. Double, permanently closed with a dry sump, the principle of operation is frictional. In addition to the main clutch, a separate PTO drive clutch mechanism is provided, the control of the main and additional devices is separate.
• Gearbox (detailed above).
• Rear axle in the crankcase, which is equipped with the main and final drives, between which there is a differential.

The front wheels are mounted on fixed axles, which in turn are mounted on pivot pins. The beam of the bridge is telescopic, which provides a wide range of track changes. The rear wheels are mounted on semi-axles with support on ball bearings installed in the sleeves of the final drives. The axle housing is filled with transmission oil to lubricate the mechanisms.

3.Cabin of the YUMZ-6 tractor

Cab of the tractor YuMZ-6 AKL 1992

The described model is quite easy to operate and has a comfortable workplace for the operator. The cabin of the YUMZ-6 series tractor is distinguished by its robust construction; for the safety of the driver, it is equipped with a space frame. The entrance is through the doors located on the sides.

The glazing is two-level with large panoramic windows along the perimeter in the upper part, as well as small ones - at the bottom of the front panel and both doors. There are rear-view mirrors and wipers and are electrically operated. Rear and side windows opening by turning around a horizontal axis installed at the top.

The cab of the YuMZ-6 tractor is mounted on four rubber shock absorbers supported on the frame in the front part and the fender brackets in the rear. The following elements are placed here:

1. Driver's seat, height adjustable and mounted on a spring shock absorber.
2. Governing bodies:
   1. Steering column with a mechanism for stepless height and reach.
   2. Levers for gear shifting, parking brake of the reducer and power take-off shaft mechanism.
   3. Pedals: clutch and brake system.
3. Instrument panel with speedometer, pressure sensors in the oil and pneumatic systems, voltage and current indicators. The engine start lock with a key is located here.

The cab is equipped with large rear-view mirrors, visors to protect from direct sunlight. Temperature and humidity conditions are provided by a built-in heater with a fan. There is a box for placing a first-aid kit, an ashtray, a thermos for water and a special clip for placing it are provided in the basic configuration. According to the parameters of ergonomics and convenience, the cab is recognized by experts as excellent.

4.System of attachments of the YuMZ-6 tractor

Tractors of the YuMZ-6 series are designed to work with a variety of mounted, semi-mounted and trailed equipment. The nomenclature of these devices is diverse, their total number is a specification of 258 items.

The tractor can be aggregated with mechanisms of the following types:

• Agricultural implements: plows, harrows, cultivators, seeders and more.
• General purpose equipment: welding machines, compressors.
• Trailers and semitrailers for transportation of various types of cargo, including containers.

To install the above equipment, a linkage mechanism is provided, attached to the brackets of the rear wall of the gearbox. The mentioned system consists of four links with three pivot points for fastening the equipment. The mechanism is hydraulic, which provides the ability to move the suspension axis vertically by 750 mm up and down. The implement system is equipped with the following devices:

• The mechanism that fixes the device in the transport position.
• Traction device model CA-1 with a control panel installed in the cab.
• The power take-off shaft has a protective cover.

At the rear, there are also devices that connect the hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems of the attached or trailed equipment to the on-board networks. The hinged mechanism allows the operator to independently install and connect any of the above devices and use it. This circumstance makes it possible to significantly increase labor productivity and abandon the services of ancillary workers.

5. Modifications of the YUMZ-6 tractor

The YuMZ-6K tractor was produced from 1986 to 1993.

The Yuzhmash design bureau constantly worked on the modernization of equipment and improvement of its operational and economic characteristics. In total, during the history of the model's existence, four modifications of the tractors of the described series have been released:

• YuMZ-6L. It was produced from 1970 to 1978 and differs little from MTZ-5 in design. The exterior is practically indistinguishable from the analogue, with the exception of the rounded grille.

• YUMZ-6AL. Off the assembly line from 1978 to 1986. In the course of modernization, the instrument panel and radiator grill were changed, the braking system was improved.

• YuMZ-6K. Produced from 1986 to 1993. It is an industrial modification of the model and does not have a rear linkage mechanism for agricultural implements. The machine has elements for attaching a bulldozer knife and excavator equipment.
• YuMZ-6AK. Collected from 1993 to 2001. It differed from other models in an improved cab design, a larger glazing area and hinged windows. A steering column adjustment mechanism has been introduced.

The YuMZ-6AK tractor was produced from 1991 to 2001.

Indexes indicating the type of starting system of the power unit are added to the indicated model markings: L - starting engine and M - electric starter. All of the above modifications of the YuMZ-6 tractors were actively used in the national economy. Some machines are still in operation, despite their venerable age, which indicates a large margin of safety.

6.Features of operation of the YUMZ-6 tractor

Agricultural and industrial models produced by the Southern Machine-Building Plant have shown themselves to be extremely durable and unpretentious. The resource of the power unit before the first repair is not less than 10,000 engine hours, and the labor intensity of the shift maintenance does not exceed 0.0586 man-hours. With a declared service life of 10 years, at the moment there are copies on the move that are three times and even four times higher than this indicator.

For the entire period of operation, complete statistics of tractor failures have been accumulated. The following components and mechanisms are most susceptible to wear:

1. Power steering. The reason for the failure is the failure of the NSh-10 pump or the distribution valve.
2. Clutch failure. Wear of the friction linings of the working disk due to exceeding the maximum loads.
3. Depletion in the cylinder-piston group due to untimely oil change or improper maintenance.
4. Fuel supply system. Fuel atomization deteriorates due to worn injectors.
5. Loss of spring elasticity and an increase in the gaps between the timing parts.

Long-term and trouble-free operation of the YuMZ-6 series tractors was achieved through proper running-in, compliance with the recommended operating modes and timely execution of service procedures. The manufacturer managed to achieve an optimal combination of high technical and economic indicators and ease of learning and use.

7.Conclusion

The YuMZ-6 tractors of all modifications, despite the cessation of their production 15 years ago, are still used in various spheres of economic and industrial activity. The success of the design is confirmed by the fact that the technological and design documentation was purchased by the Swedish company Volvo. On its basis, a licensed model was developed and released for quite a long time.

The YuMZ 6 tractor is a technique that belongs to a traction class 1.4. The technical characteristics were partially taken from the MTZ-5 tractor. The equipment was produced by the Southern Machine-Building Plant from 1966 to 2001.

Throughout history, the tractor was produced in several modifications. It is worth noting that an excavator was created on the basis of this machine. The YuMZ 6 tractor can be used in agriculture, construction, for earthmoving and laying communications. Currently, the production of UMZ 6 and its modifications has been suspended.

Technique device

Engine

The YuMZ 6 tractor (base model) was equipped with four-cylinder D-65 and D-242-71 engines. The first power unit had a volume of 4.9 liters and could deliver 60 horsepower.

The second diesel engine had more modest parameters: 45.5 horsepower with a working volume of 4.75 liters. Both engines had turbocharged fuel injection and cylinders arranged vertically in a row.

The main diesel engine was started by means of an additional start engine or an electric starter. It should be noted that the repair of the engine of the indicated series was carried out infrequently. Both units were distinguished by their operational reliability.

If necessary, the engine was repaired according to the following scheme: the device was completely dismantled from the tractor and disassembled. It should be noted that repair of the engine in the field is not possible... It is necessary to provide conditions to exclude the ingress of dirt into the power plant. Worn out or mechanically damaged parts were replaced and the diesel engine was installed in place.

Chassis and transmission

A rigid suspension system was used for the chassis of the tractor. The rear axle is the leading one, equipped with wheels of a larger radius and a mechanical differential lock.

The rear axle device made it possible to adjust the track width. It is worth noting that the YUMZ 6 tractor had a rather high center of gravity. This allowed the car to feel confident even on steep slopes.

The transmission layout includes a nine-speed manual transmission. A five-speed transmission scheme provided switching between operating modes using a single lever.

The clutch is a permanently closed friction clutch. Brakes - dry, disc. The steering column is supplemented with a hydraulic booster. The height adjustment of the steering column is infinitely variable, in total there are 4 positions.

Hydraulics

A hydraulic system of a separate-aggregate type is responsible for the operation of the attachment. This scheme is due to the presence of two hinges for additional equipment: front and rear. The transmission force goes through the power take-off shaft.

It is worth noting that of all attachments, an excavator or a bulldozer blade was most often installed on the YuMZ 6 tractor. The excavator had a fairly good carrying capacity, given the relatively low weight of the equipment, when working with this equipment, it is necessary to install counterweights.

Specifications:

Cabin

The workplace is made in the form of an all-metal single-seat cabin. We can note panoramic glazing, a conveniently located instrument panel and a heating system. Air conditioning is not provided, therefore air ventilation in the cab is carried out naturally... The cab is located on a shock-absorbing suspension and has good insulation.

Mods overview

The first in the series was the YuMZ 6L tractor. In appearance, the model resembled the MTZ-50, and the technical characteristics largely corresponded to the MTZ-5.

Then YuMZ 6AL was created. Here, manufacturers have made significant changes to the design of the tractor. In particular, the braking system was redesigned, the steering column can now be adjusted to the angles of inclination, the appearance of the dashboard has changed. In addition, the tractor has acquired a rectangular hood.

The next car in the series was the YuMZ 6K. This tractor was intended for industrial purposes, so the hitch was improved for the installation of an excavator and a dozer blade. Tractors of this series were produced without rear hitch.

At the final stage of production, the YuMZ 6 tractors were produced under the designation AKL and AKM.

It is worth noting that the letter designations carried the following information:

• L - a starting engine is installed on the equipment;
• M - the diesel engine is started by an electric starter;
• К - a cabin of increased dimensions is installed.

Maintenance

Like any equipment of the Soviet period, the YuMZ 6 tractor was distinguished by its reliability in operation and undemanding to the quality of fuel. Mandatory maintenance included clutch and valve adjustments. In this small digression, we will tell you how to properly perform these operations.

Clutch adjustment

The work flow chart includes the following steps:

1. The cover is removed from the clutch hatch. It is located at the bottom of the block.
   The release levers are being adjusted. The recommended distance between the PTO disc and the cams should be 73.5 mm.
2. The length of the main link is set. The gap between the support bush and the arms should not exceed 4 mm.
3. Tighten the 24 head bolts until they stop and then loosen 7 ratchet clicks.
4. During operation, the clutch discs rub against each other, which leads to a violation of the initial adjustment. It is worth noting that clutch adjustments can be carried out in the field.

Adjustment of valves

This procedure begins by warming up the engine. After the power plant reaches operating temperature, the diesel is muffled and the valves are adjusted. For this, the top cover is removed and the top dead center (TDC) is found by rotating the crankshaft.

To determine this position, a special device is usually used. Once the top point is found, the rocker arms of the valves of the first cylinder should move freely. Then the required clearances are set and the crankshaft rotates 180 degrees.

The valves are being adjusted on the third cylinder. Another half a turn is set to the valves on the fourth cylinder. We turn the shaft and complete the adjustment on the second cylinder of the engine.

Advantages and disadvantages

The YuMZ 6 tractor is far from perfect. With the available advantages, which were presented in the article, the technique has a number of design flaws.

According to farmers' reviews, gearbox speeds often take off, oil leaks are noticed. The installed engine produces the lowest number of revolutions than power units on equipment of a similar traction class.

In addition, with prolonged idling, engine components wear out quickly.

YuMZ-6 is a universal wheeled tractor designed for agricultural and industrial use. The model was produced from 1966 to 2001 at the facilities of the Southern Machine-Building Plant. During this time, she received a number of upgrades, each of which was significantly different from the previous one. Today we will consider the device and technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6, as well as get acquainted with its modifications.

Start of production

The basis for the creation of the YuMZ-6 tractor, the technical characteristics of which we are considering today, was the MTZ-5, which was produced at the facilities of the YuMZ plant until 1958. The YuMZ-6 was more similar to the MTZ-5 than its successor, the MTZ-50. The model was launched in 1966. Soon she became a real legend. The fact is that in those days the country was in dire need of the development of virgin lands, and YUMZ-6 coped with this task perfectly.

Strengths

The high quality of the tractor was due to the fact that the YuMZ plant was originally created as a center for military and space research. In just two years, 100 thousand copies of the car were produced. The high operational and technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6, together with the simplicity of its design, made the tractor a real favorite of Soviet business executives, builders, industrialists and utility workers.

Tractor device

The skeleton of the model was represented by two channels, fixed between themselves by a bar or frame. The power plant, gearbox, rear axle and all sorts of auxiliary systems were attached to the frame. The chassis of the tractor was represented by a rigid suspension of the front axle. It was distinguished by a simple mechanism of control and monitoring of transmission forces and the use of a flow clutch. Due to the high center of gravity, the tractor could overcome the slope, the angle of which did not exceed 10 degrees. However, as practice showed, he felt confident on steeper slopes.

The technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6 of the first series were rather scarce compared to subsequent models. So, in the first versions, the tractor hydraulic system unit was devoid of automation devices. The car was equipped with wheels with reduced pressure chambers. The track width could be adjusted from 1.4 to 1.8 meters. A variety of attachments allowed the YuMZ-6 tractor to be used for a wide range of works. At the same time, thanks to its high power, it could perform several operations simultaneously.

The steering of the car was equipped with a hydraulic booster. In later versions, it even became possible to adjust the steering column in several planes. The cab of the car had noise and vibration isolation. To ventilate the cabin, it was equipped with top and side windows. The convenient location of the dashboard and good visibility made the operator's work as efficient as possible. The operational and technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6 allow it to remain one of the most reliable models of its class to this day. On the market you can find a wide range of spare parts for this tractor, so repairing it is not a problem.

The model was equipped with one of two 4-stroke diesel engines: D-65 or D-242-71. The first of them was more powerful (60 hp vs. 44.5 hp) and was installed on later versions of the tractor. The motor was started by means of an electric starter or a starting motor. In addition to the motor itself, the power plant of the tractor included systems: power, air supply and lubrication.

So, the main parameters of the tractor:

1. Traction class - 1.4.
2. Specific fuel consumption is about 250 g / kWh per hour.
3. Weight - 3.2 tons.
4. The maximum speed is 24.5 km / h.
5. The maximum slope is 10 degrees.
6. Dimensions: 4140/1884/2750 mm.
7. The wheelbase is 2450 mm.
8. Clearance - 450 mm.
9. The turning radius is 5 meters.

Modernization

The model line of the YuMZ-6 tractor, the technical characteristics of which were constantly improving, was represented by four modifications:

1. YuMZ-6L. The debut series of the tractor, most of the design solutions of which strongly resembled the MTZ-5 model. Models in this series had a rounded grille. Due to this feature, the tractor was often confused with the first versions of the MTZ-50.
2. YUMZ-6AL. This series differed from the previous one in such features: the ability to adjust the steering column, a rectangular bonnet configuration, a modified instrument panel, and modernized brakes.
3. YuMZ-6K. It is an industrial version of the YuMZ-6 tractor, which received attachments for excavator and bulldozer equipment. It is this model that is implied when they say: "YUMZ-6 excavator". The technical characteristics of the tractor are distinguished, first of all, by the absence of a rear hitch system. Later, the model was converted into an agricultural machine, but the owners still have many industrial copies.
4. YuMZ-6AK. This version has been in production since 1978. It is distinguished by increased visibility of the cab (reminiscent of the cab of the MTZ-80 tractor) and a modernized hydraulic system equipped with power and positional controllers.

It is worth noting that in the name of the tractors you can also find the letters "M" or "L". For example, the latest version may be called YUMZ-6AKL. The technical characteristics of models with such indices differ only in the type of motor start. The letter "M" stands for electric starter, and "L" stands for the starting motor.

Market positions

To date, the MTZ-6 tractor, the technical characteristics of which we have reviewed, depending on the year of manufacture and condition, costs from 1.7 to 5 thousand dollars. Moreover, it is much cheaper than many competitors. Models MTZ-50 and MTZ-80 are analogues and main competitors of YuMZ-6, since they were produced on the basis of the same tractor - MTZ-5. Therefore, on the market you can find a lot of interchangeable parts for these tractors.

The YuMZ-6 tractor is a universal wheeled vehicle with a traction force of 1.4 tons. Now this unit is no longer produced - the last copy rolled off the assembly line back in 2001 (and the first in 1966). The tractor was called to help in agricultural work, in which it was very successful, earning the title of a legend of the Soviet agricultural industry. Many copies are successfully operating to this day.

The unit was developed at the Southern Machine-Building Plant (Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk) on the basis of the MTZ-5 tractor. In the past, this plant worked for the defense industry, and its products (including tractors) were famous for their high reliability. Military acceptance rules were strict. The YUMZ-6 model turned out to be successful, and after 2 years the enterprise had already produced one hundred thousand copies.

The layout of the tractor is classic, with a semi-frame on which the front axle and a diesel four-stroke engine are located. The cab is located at the rear of the unit.

Appointment

The tractor is adapted to work in a wide temperature range. It starts up perfectly in forty-degree frost (extreme temperature) and withstands heat up to plus forty. In addition to agricultural work of a wide profile, it is used in production, in construction, when performing public works, as well as as a vehicle. Attaching a variety of attachments and trailed implements increases the tractor's capabilities.

Photo of the YUMZ-6 tractor

The device is often used as a drive for portable and stationary equipment. Equipped with a trailer, it can carry various loads. And if you equip it with a dozer blade or excavator bucket, you can use the machine in road construction and repairs.

Pros and cons of the model

Advantages:

• High reliability and good quality of all components.
• Quiet and smooth running of an economical motor, the presence of a decompressor, quick start even in frost.
• The engine is easy to remove for repair and maintenance.
• Strong rear hubs and axle shafts, excellent locking.
• Simplicity of design and availability of spare parts.

Disadvantages (according to the owners):

• Rigid undercarriage.
• Engine speed not too high.
• The motor is not adapted for long-term operation with no load (coking).

Device

Engine

The diesel engine of one of two models (60 or 62 horsepower) with four cylinders in a row is not turbocharged. To start it, either a starter motor or an electric starter can be used (this depended on the version of the engine).

Transmission

The type of transmission for this model is mechanical, with nine speeds. One lever is used to control the gearbox of the unit drives and the gearbox (five-speed, with movable gears). The steering column can be adjusted both in height (infinitely variable) and by turning it (there are four fixed positions). It is controlled by the steering wheel using the hydraulic booster.

The friction clutch is of a two-way type, permanently closed. It has separate drives for the gearbox (gearbox) and PTO. Forward has ten gears, reverse has two.

Chassis

The rear wheels are driven by a rigid suspension with a mechanical differential lock. The front wheels (through which the turn is carried out) have a portal rigid suspension. Braking is done with dry disc brakes. The track at the rear wheels changes smoothly. On the rear wall of the gearbox and the rear axle there is a special bracket designed to secure attachments in front of the tractor (front linkage).
Scheme of the check point of the YUMZ-6 tractor

1 - primary shaft; 2 - tie bolt; 3 - driving gear; 4 - pressure plates; 5, 31 - glasses; 6 - intermediate roller; 7 - an adjusting gasket; 8 - ball bearing; 9 - gear wheel for engaging the second and fourth gears; 10 - gear shift rollers; 11 - switch roller lock; 12 - blocking roller; 13 - lock of the blocking roller; 14 - thrust; 15 - curtain; 16 - switch; 17 - emphasis; 18 - axis; 19 - lever for engaging the PTO drive clutch lock; 20 - rocking chair; 21 - spring-loaded latch; 22 - rack; 23 - gear shift lever; 24 - bolt; 25 - gear shift column housing; 26 - fork; 27 - lever stop; 28 - gear wheel for engaging the first gear and reverse gear; 29 - secondary shaft; 30 - roller bearing; 32 - gear wheel for engaging the third and fifth gears; 33 - round nut; 34 - driving reverse gear; 35 - the leading gear wheel of the first transfer; 36 - a leading gear wheel of the third transfer; 37 - intermediate shaft; 38 - driving gear wheel of the fourth and fifth gears; 39 - leading gear wheel of the second transfer; 40 - thrust ring; 41 - oil drain plug; 42 - constant meshing gear; 43 - transmission housing; 44 - PTO drive shaft.

Hydraulics

The hinged hydraulic system is made in a separate-modular way. In the basic model, automatic control of hydraulic units is not provided.

To connect agricultural machines, there are two pairs of independent terminals on the side and one pair on the back. The kit includes a remote hydraulic cylinder and hoses.

Electrician

Direct current with a voltage of 12 volts provides remote starting of the diesel engine (as well as the starting engine) and the operation of electrical equipment in the cab. There is a socket for connecting light signaling equipment.
Wiring diagram of the equipment of the YuMZ-6 tractor


1 - front lamp; 2 - spark plug; 3 - sound signal; 4 - magneto; 5 - heater electric motor; 6 - heater electric motor switch; 7 - wiper; 8 - blocking switch; 9 - fan; 10 and 25 - connecting panels; 11 - fan switch; 12 - plug; 13 - plafond switch; 14 - plafond; 15 - stop switch; 16 - rear headlight; 17 - rear lights switch; 18 - rear lamp; 19 - socket; 20 - direction indicator switch; 21 - direction indicator interrupter; 22 - sound signal switch; 23 - fuel level sensor; 24 - central light switch; 26 - license plate lamp; 27 - magneto switch; 28 - fuse box; 29 - switch for headlights; 30 - pilot lamps; 31 - washer switch; 32 - coolant temperature gauge; 33 - ammeter; 34 - lighting lamps of the instrument panel; 35 - washer; 36 - generator; 37 - headlights; 38 - switch "mass"; 39 - portable lamp; 40 - rechargeable battery; 41 - portable lamp socket; 42 - starter; 43 - gauge for the coolant temperature gauge; 44 - fuel level indicator; 45 - starter switch.

Cabin

In a single cab with two doors, which is supported by shock absorbers on the rear wheel fenders, the rear and side windows can be opened. It has protection against excessive vibration and noise, a well-located instrument panel. In a number of modifications, a cab with increased visibility is used, which is very convenient for the driver.

Specifications

Technical characteristics of the YUMZ-6 tractor:

Modifications

It should be noted right away that the letter "L" in the name of the tractor meant that the engine was started using a starting engine. If instead of "L" there was the letter "M", then an electric starter was used for this purpose. The presence of the letter "K" indicated an oversized cabin. Further - directly about the modifications.

The very first began to make the YUMZ-6L tractor. They were almost identical to the MTZ-5 and were very similar to the MTZ-50. The difference between this modification is a rounded radiator grill.

The YUMZ-6AL variant is distinguished by the ability to adjust the steering column. It could be rotated at different angles and its height changed. Also, changes were made to the brakes and the hood - it became rectangular.

The YUMZ-6K version was intended to serve industrial needs, so the need for attached agricultural equipment disappeared from him (but later, when the model became basic, it was returned). But there were mounts for the dozer blade and excavator bucket.

In 1978, the YuMZ-6AK tractor was created, equipped with an improved hydraulic system, with adjustment of effort and position. In addition, this unit was distinguished by a new comfortable cab, the viewing angle of which has become much larger.

For five years (from 1985 to 1990), the enterprise produced a variation called YuMZ-6KL, featuring a large modernized cab and automatic hydraulics adjustment. After 1991, until the beginning of this century, the same modification was produced under the names YUMZ-6AKL and YUMZ-6AKM.

Video review of the YUMZ-6 tractor:

The yumz 6 wheeled tractor is a legendary model of the Soviet Union, created for field cultivation, and has earned worldwide fame.

This brand of tractors has not been produced since 2001, but it still successfully serves in many agricultural enterprises. The history of the creation of the model, its characteristics, advantages and purpose.

History

The launch of the first tractor model started in 1966 at the Southern Machine-Building Plant in the city of Dnepropetrovsk. The plant began to be built in 1944 as an automobile plant, but later its profile was changed and in 1951 it began to produce intercontinental missiles and other military equipment.

The first modification of the tractor - YUMZ 6L was designed by the Minsk Transport Plant on the basis of MTZ 5, was very similar to the original and had a scarlet color. The idea of ​​transferring the production of equipment from MTZ to Yuzhmash was economically viable and made it possible to reduce the cost of the finished machine. During production (from 1966 to 2001), several modifications of such tractors were created, and an excavator was created on their basis.

The popularity of the model interested the Swedish company VOLVO, and in 1974 the USSR sold them technical documentation for the tractor. Based on the technical documentation, Volvo has released its own brand of BM70 tractors.

YUMZ 6 is a universal wheeled vehicle designed to perform the following tasks:

• for help in agriculture. Attached and semi-mounted equipment can be attached to it, which helps to plow the land;
• in road construction for digging trenches with a bucket;
• it can be used to transport various mobile units;
• it is used to carry out transport operations with trailers and semi-trailers;
• the equipment is designed in such a way that it can operate at temperatures from -40 to + 40 ° C.

A number of attachments were specially created for the tractor, with the help of which the equipment can be easily transformed into an earth-moving machine, excavator or bulldozer.

Description and technical parameters of the model

Construction: semi-frame to which the front axle, diesel engine and clutch are attached. A control cab is attached to the rear of the frame, from which the driver operates the unit.

The unit has a four-cylinder naturally aspirated engine with uncomplicated design and ease of operation. Until the first major overhaul, the engine will run for 10,000 hours. The engine is started using a starting mechanism (in models 6 L, 6 AL and 6 AKL) or an electric starter (in models 6 M, 6 AKM).

The reducer and gearbox are controlled with a single lever, and the steering column can be adjusted in terms of mounting angle and height. It is possible to adjust the rear wheels in a smooth mode. The hydraulic system is not automated.

Overview of the YUMZ 6 tractor: technical characteristics

Major modifications

Model modifications: 6KL, 6M, 6A, 6K, 6KL. Let's consider each of them:

1. YuMZ 6KL. This is the very first modification that was produced from 1966 to 1978. Its device was identical to MTZ 5;
2. 6 M. Together with the 6L model, the 6M model came out in parallel, the main feature of which was the start of the motor using an electric starter;
3. YuMZ 6 AL. The main changes of 6 AL in comparison with the L model are to change the braking system, modernize the instrument panel and add the ability to adjust the steering column in tilt angles. A modification was produced from 1978 to 1986. Class 6A is an industrial option that was available for attaching attachments.
4. 6 AKL - modification was produced from 1991 to 2001. She had an enlarged cabin (as indicated by the letter "K" in the model name), and also added the ability to automatically control hydraulics;
5. AKM - the differences between the YuMZ 6 AKM tractor and 6 AKL are that it was started not from a starting engine, but from an electric starter;
6. YUMZ 6 excavator is a tractor of this modification from a special bucket for earthmoving.

Advantages

• Reliability. This tractor has not been produced for more than ten years, but it can still be found at agricultural enterprises in the country.
• Versatility. The ability to mount various attachments for work in construction, agriculture and road construction.
• Ability to work in harsh climates.
• Smooth running.
• Ease of dismantling the engine for repair.
• Simple design and affordable parts.

disadvantages

1. Low engine speed.
2. The engine is not adapted for continuous operation without load (coking).
3. The speeds on the gearbox take off.
4. Oil leaks.

The YUMZ 6 car is the legendary wheeled model of the USSR, which ceased to be produced in 2001. It was replaced by the updated model MTZ 1221. 15 years after the last release, in the villages you can still find the same old tractor (most often modifications are AL and AKL), which speaks of its reliability and durability.