Machine brands with galvanized body. Car galvanized - for which it is needed and how to perform at home

15.11.2020

Regardless of the technology used, and there can be several, starting with partial hot galvanizing and ending with zinc primers, the car body coating zinc increases its resistance to corrosion. Iron and zinc form a galvanic pair, when the electrolyte is hit by zinc, and not body iron parts.

Water can act in the role of electrolyte in any form. Zinc coating have many bodies of machines, both domestic production and foreign cars.

Russian cars

To use modern technologies during the production of cars can not only foreign companies, but also domestic. So firms of brands and also started during the assembly of various models cover the body with a layer of zinc.

But not everything is so good as it seems. Only individual parts of the machines may be subject to zinc, and for complete body processing, a special soil is used, in which there are only zinc particles, such protection is enough for a maximum of 5 years.

Lada Vesta

All hinged bonds are galvanized on both sides, and the most effective way of hot galvanizing. Only in hidden cavities that do not have direct contact with the environment were limited to the application of a zinc-containing cataphorous primer.

Independent tests have shown that he opposes corrosion in the best possible way among domestic cars. Even after the artificial disorder of external coatings, the metal protected by zinc successfully resisted rust under the conditions of a salt fog camera.

Lada X-Ray

The machine is performed by almost the same advanced technology as Lada Vesta. Not galvanized only roof panels. However, on the tests, the roof showed the results best than many foreign cars.

Due to the total amount of zinc on the body, which forms galvanic protection, as well as zinc-containing primer.

Lada Granta

One third of the mass of body parts in this model is galvanized. And from this quantity three quarters - using the most reliable bilateral hot zinc applying. On top of all parts, the primer coating with a cata reform method is also applied.

Lada Largus

At the same time, the warranty on the body was significantly increased. It is possible to judge the degree of protection. The firm does not traditionally lead to the exact information, although it is known that this is a hot bilateral method.

BMW and Mercedes

These companies use a galvanic type of cink bodies. The method is not the most perfect, but leads to good results, since these firms are combined with the use of special steel for the bodies, initially resistant to corrosion.

The premium nature of the brands provides the same level of protection for all models, regardless of their class.

Chevrolet Lacetti

Not the most prestigious and expensive, but on the will of the body of the manufacturer responded to the quality of the manufacturer, a complete bodice rank was applied.

The result is known to the owners - a cheap car, contrary to expectations, does not rot. A good example for many other brands.

Summarizing, it can be concluded that today, almost all new cars have a bodice galvanized, somewhere it is performed qualitatively, somewhere it is only partial processing. Another thing is that manufacturers provide a guarantee for the work of nodes and mechanisms for a period of no more than 5 years, and during this time the body should not be controversial.

And today there are several methods: - thermal galvanized, - galvanic galvanized, - thermalwathers if with the first and second option everything is clear (galvanic is the usual painting of the body through the sprayer, saving a lot of consumables - zinc), then the third version of The quality of protection is in second place and applies only when assembling a luxury car. The thermalwatch combines the thermal treatment of the body with a layer of galvanized with the subsequent rechecification of the deposit of manually by the company's staff. All the shortcomings are eliminated by a spray with a spray with a tassel, which is called the old grandfather's method. Such attention to detail, naturally, is reflected at the final cost of the car.

List of cars with galvanized body

Info

Sometimes manufacturers are simply deceived by the consumer, issuing a conventional caotophosis soil with an admixture of zinc for galvanized body. If we generalize strongly, then Audi, Volkswagen, BMW, Porsche are the main manufacturers who mainly produce models with fully galvanized bodies. In general, if in the characteristics to the car there is no word "complete" near the term "galvanized", then we can assume that the anti-corrosion coating is only on some parts of the body.

Most often we are talking about the bottom and threshold. Now you know what kind of car galvanized body, but in any case, when buying a car, you need to specify this moment, which refers to the technical characteristics. Features of thermal galvanizing taking into account that there are different methods of zinc, it is logical to explain how they differ from each other.

On which cars galvanized body: list

hot galvanizing;
galvanic galvanized;
cold zinc.

the corrosion resistance of the metal is preserved for a long time (from 15 years and above, depending on the thickness of the coating);
coating resistance is 3-4 times higher than at a galvanic method;
throughout the entire operational resource, resistance to mechanical impacts is maintained;
the coating at the local level has the property of regeneration (self-healing).

Considering which cars are galvanized body, it should be borne in mind that the galvanic application of zinc-containing coatings is characterized by much smaller corrosion resistance.

Galvanized Body Cars

Attention

VOLVO body elements are also protected from natural oxidation with an additional zinc layer applied by the "hot" method. The ever-growing proportion of aluminum parts in the composition of the supporting structure and the additional protection of steel panels form an excellent property of combination "iron" - an effective confrontation with any impacts of moisture. Responding to the question of which cars are galvanized by the hot body, you can also bring the following examples:

Ford Escort;
Ford Sierra;
Chevrolet Lacetti;
Chevrolet Epica;
Opel Astra;
Opel Vectra.

A list of cars with an electroplating body of the body galvanizing the galvanic method of galvanizing shows itself from a good side only in the complex of protector measures.

Complete auto body galvanizing: True or advertising tricks of manufacturers?

Important

The zinc is covered only the places of stamping, fasteners, welds between the parts of the body. Also consider that independently of the car you choose, when you buy a galvanized body, a warranty card must be. Almost all manufacturers, even Chinese, give a guarantee on galvanized car body, and quite large. This document gives the right to present complaints to the dealer, in case the machine starts rust during the warranty period.

Models of cars with galvanized body Now consider specific stamps and models of cars with galvanized bodies. The list will be quite extensive, so we classify the machines as well as the method of applying anticorrosive material. The hottest galvanizing method for the first time this method was used in the distant past Volkswagen, they also use it to this day.

Which cars have galvanized body and how the coating are applied

Home »Operation» Which cars have galvanized body and how the coating is not a secret to anyone that the most valuable part of the car is certainly the body. The power characteristics predetermine the nature of the vehicle, and the properties of the material and the quality of its processing are the degree of resistance to the emergence and development of corrosion foci. Content

1 Features of a car with galvanized bearing body: Types of processing, their advantages and disadvantages
2 Find out which cars are galvanized body one of the above methods and the degree of galvanized
3 brief about the main thing

Features of the car with a galvanized bearing body: types of processing, their advantages and disadvantages The usual steel bearing design without additional processing can already be oxidized after the first rain in the presence of damage in the surface layer (LCP).

What cars are galvanized body

The surface has a high adhesion, so the paintwork falls down quite reliably. The list of cars will now consider which machines are covered by a classic electroplating method:

Alfa Romeo.
Mitsubishi.
Skoda (Octavia, Fabia).
Toyota.
Honda (Legend).
Lexus.
Renault (Logan).
Peugeot.
Chrysler (model 300).
Cadillac.

Special attention deserves models of cars from Toyota. Since previously the company paid little attention to anti-corrosion processing, now the zinc layer in the nodal connections, thresholds and doors is present in most machines. Cars of domestic production in terms of domestic automotive are all somewhat simpler. If galvanized cars and were produced, they made them of leaf outbound steel.

Cars with hot bubbling body list

The galvanized body is not subject to corrosion and serves longer thanks to the special coating - zinc. Not all cars are galvanized, it is expensive pleasure. Let's look at which cars are galvanized body producers, especially on old cars, use zinc-containing soil.
It is cheaper and easier. It is also reliable, but the full galvanized will not replace. In terms of automotive, the Germans are the most advanced, so Audi has already from the 80s galvanized bodies. Now they are circular to the body adjacent to the body (bumper, body kit, etc.

d.). Many other brands are covered with galvanized, but some manufacturers prefer other methods of protection against corrosion, as Zinc is harmful to ecology. The maximum term of the galvanized warranty is 15 years. But there are galvanized cars of 30 years ago, on which there is no hint of rust.

Galvanized car body - List of brands and models

Among the cars of Japanese concerns, samples of secondary and business class from Honda (after 2005) have good corrosion resistance:

Accord;
CR-V;
Pilot;
Legend.

Toyota is rapidly catchy. New generations of cars in the composition of the protective coating of the body have a zinc-containing layer, but not everywhere. Hidden cavities still do not allow to highly appreciate the corrosion resistance of the Japanese company's products. Other manufacturers in various ratings on what brands of cars have galvanized body, you can find Korean, Chinese and domestic cars (Hyundai, Kia, Chery, Geely, Lada). It should be borne in mind that the protector technologies used are primarily compromise solutions created more often in marketing purposes.

AvtoExperts.ru.

At least all cars of MAROK "Audi" and "Volkswagen" after 2000 release have fully galvanized bodies. Also following car brands have an anti-corrosion coating applied with heat treatment:

"Porsche 911".
Ford Escort.
"Ford Sierra";
Opel Astra and "Vectra" (after 1998).
Volvo 240 and older models.
"Chevrolet Lacetti."

Machines with galvanic galvanized cars, which have passed the procedure of galvanic galvanized:

Honda. ACCORD, CR-V, Legend, Pilot models.
"Chrysler".
"Audi" (all after the 80th model).
"Skoda Octavia."
"Mercedes".

You can list the brands and models of cars for a very long time, because there are many unknown or little-known manufacturers who make cars with galvanized bodies.

Autumn comes into their own - and together with it rains and slush, which make it difficult to recall the corrosive stability. If you believe the reasoning in the smoking room and on the forums, only Audi is not rust, because "there are many aluminum." In general, corrosion is a lottery. The new car can serve without a single brown point for years, and can start rust after a couple of winters. Nevertheless, there are statistics that allows you to calculate the chances of corrosion with a car of a specific model.

Specialists of the Swedish Institute of Corrosion Research took over 30 cars operated in countries with the northern climate, in order to identify corrosion communication with the design of body elements, manufacturing technology and factory anti-corrosion processing. As a result, a list of cars prone to the appearance of rust, and machines with a minimum risk are determined.

The study took part cars 2002-2005 model years after 3-6 years of operation. For analysis, details were taken from doors, hoods, rear wings, thresholds. Cars traveled on roads that are stiguously treated with anti-rolling reagents, which aggravates the risk of corrosion.

So, it turned out that Audi A4, Volvo 70th Series and Volkswagen Golf 2002-2003 and BMW 5-Series, Nissan Micra, Volvo 40th Series and Renault Megane 2004-2005. - The most reliable fighters with rust. Most likely that for a couple of seasons, Mazda6 and Ford Focus 2002-2003 rust and Hyundai Santa Fe, Kia Picanto and again Ford Focus 2004-2005 release.

The most persistent corrosion cars 2002-2003 model years

. Audi A4.
. Volvo 70-Series
. Volkswagen Golf.
. MERCEDES C-CLASS
. Opel Astra
. Renault Megane
. Volvo 40-Series
. Volkswagen Passat [^]
. Mitsubishi Carisma.
. Skoda Octavia.
. Nissan Micra.
. PEUGEOT 307.
. Citroen C5.
. Saab 9-5

Indoor Corrosion Cars 2002-2003 Modeling

. Mazda6.
. Ford Focus
. Seat Ibiza.
. Ford Mondeo.
. BMW 5-Series
. Mercedes E-Class
. Toyota Corolla
. BMW 3-Series
. Saab 9-3.
. Fiat Punto.

The most persistent corrosion cars 2004-2005 model years

. BMW 5-Series
. Nissan Micra.
. Renault Megane
. Volvo 40-Series
. Ford Mondeo.
. PEUGEOT 307.
. Saab 9-3.
. Fiat Punto.
. Volvo 70-Series
. Opel Astra
. Saab 9-5
. Skoda Octavia.
. Citroen C5.
. Volkswagen Golf.

Indoor corrosion cars 2004-2005 model years

. Hyundai Santa Fe.
. Kia Picanto.
. Ford Focus
. Hyundai Tucson.
. Toyota Corolla
. BMW 3-Series
. Volkswagen Passat.
. Mercedes A-Class

In this ranking, Audi A4, Mazda 3, Mazda 6, Mercedes C-Class, Mercedes E-Class and Seat Ibiza were not estimated. It can be noted that some models changed location in the list. Thus, the BMW 5-Series significantly corrected the situation - researchers explain this by the fact that since 2004, this model began to install instead of steel hood aluminum, and the quality of anti-corrosion processing and applying sealant to joints was improved. Also, aluminum hoods have appeared since 2003 on Saab 9-3 and since 2004 on Mercedes E-Class.

Ford Focus Swedish experts criticize for low quality sealant on the thresholds and doors and uneven processing of anti-corrosion facilities. The weakest places at the car: the hood, the back door, thresholds, side doors. However, the quality of treatment with an anti-corrosion was improved in 2004-2005. In Mazda 6 lacking processing of the inside of the thresholds, the same at Hyundai Santa Fe in the internal cavities of the door.

Some patterns can be calculated from the experience of ownership of cars. So, many Renault Megane owners complain of a weak roof, Chevrolet Lacetti - on rusty dots on the hood, Nissan - on the rear wheel arches, BMW E36 / E39 / E46 - on the arches and thresholds. In contrast to the current, the third Golf is subject to rust.

There are many nuances that affect the emergence of corrosion on vehicles - salted sea air, harsh climate, the use of antifungal reagents. Even the design of the car and the method of connecting body parts, the material used - aluminum justifies itself, but are good in this sense and unpretentious plastic wings. Anti-corrosion factory processing, as it turns out, may not be enough if a specific instance is blunt and properized. Perhaps the car does not prevent an additional "anti-corner". Experts are also advised to regularly wash off the mud and road salt and check the paintwork for scratches and chipping, under which corrosion can quickly spread.

And the most reliable way to escape from corrosion is to buy Delorean from the movie "Back to the Future". They say his body from stainless steel.

The strength and reliability of the body is a guarantee of the quality of any car. No matter, the new car is bought or used. In order for the "iron horse" in the future with rotten thresholds and was protected from corrosion and influence the chemical additives, which generously showered our roads in winter, galvanized. Why can not just handle so all cars still at the factory? The fact is that this procedure decently affects the final cost of the car, so they are trying to do a layer of primer on some detail.

Types and technology of galvanizing

The galvanism is today the most reliable way to protect the body from corrosion - the zinc-containing substance is not afraid of salts and moisture, destructive for metal. It happens three species, it can also be made independently. Protect the entire body or only the most vulnerable parts.

It is believed that the Russian auto industry is behind the planet of the whole stage of the last couple of decades at least. Nevertheless, the Lada Granta Body is galvanized, and the Lada Kalina body is reliably protected from corrosion for forty percent. Where there is no galvanized, they make a primer.

Video: What you need to know about metal zinc

Old cars at the factories were treated with zinc-containing soil. It is also reliable, but the full galvanized is not to be replaced.

Zinc particles used to protect cars from corrosion

The Germans began to galvanizing the body of their Audi in the eighties of the last century. Today in Europe and America are trying to find a replacement procedure - zinc was harmful to ecology. But while at automotive plants around the world, the galvanizing is not in history. Processing bumpers, bubbles, and indeed everything that adjies to the body. Even on the same Audi.

Abroad, the Protection Method of the Protection of the body of the galvanic is applied for more than thirty years.

Corrosion interacts with zinc, and not with steel

There are four body galvanizing methods:

hot galvanizing;
galvanic galvanized;
cold galvanized;
making machines from zincometal.

Consider each of the ways in more detail.

Hot otsinkovka

Very reliable and pretty expensive. Dry body is lowered into the melted zinc temperature not lower than five hundred degrees. The same Audi of the eighties, processed in this way, still ride without requiring body repair. How many cars with great mileage can boast of such a result? Today, the expensive models of Audi, Volkswagen, SEAT are so zinc.

Warranty on such a body - from fifteen years and above. With minor damage, the zinc film over time is independently restored.

Car Audi eighties with high-quality hot galvanized

Galvanic otsinchen

The body is entirely immersed in a bath with a zinc-containing electrolyte, where under the influence of zinc electric current remains on the surface of the metal. Treatment is less stable than hot galvanized, but gives a car more "glossy" and "decorative" view due to uniform and brilliant coating.

Warranty on this body - from ten years and above.

Such galvanizing is used primarily from Mercedes and BMW. Being eternal competitors with Volkswagen and Audi, the brands invented their galvanized - galvanic.

It is worth noting that cheaper vehicles have no whole body, but only its parts, and mostly internal, as the most difficult to reach for repair.

Mersedes and BMW - Cars whose body is galvanized by a galvanic method

Cold Ocinkovka

Most popular among budget models of machines. A zinc-containing paint is sprayed on the body (zinc content near the ninety percent).

Cold galvanized - a deposit of low corrosion resistance.

Think ourselves: if zinc is contained in the layer of paint and paint, the zinc will erase with it. Any body curdness, any mechanical damage caused by a raw rudder in the parking lot - and moisture and salt will begin to the body steel.

The Asian and Russian cars are predictable with cold galvanized: Lada and Hyundai brands are treated in this way. From here - low corrosive stability.

But the American auto industry was not far away: really, why keep the body, if after five years of operation, the car still sell? And so will come down.

Daewoo cars in the basic configuration have a galvanized body. Recall the price of such baby and think: how much is this galvanized?

Photo Gallery: Cats with Cold Gincol

Daewoo Matiz Hyundai Solaris. Kia Rio.
Lada Vesta SW Cross

Zincometal

How easy it is to guess from the title, this material is a symbiosis of zinc and metal. Easy in smelting, simple in processing, and the details of it are glued without any problems.

Zincometal is afraid of high humidity. Used only by a narrow list of budget brands.

Incomplete galvanizing body

First you need to learn this: the vast majority of new models do not have a fully galvanized body. Why?

First, in the West, fashion was spread on five-year-old cars: I rolled out - let me down with the hammer. That nobody and "not bother" over full-fledged anti-corrosion protection - due to a small life, the car does not physically have a corrosion in such a time.

Secondly, in the East, everything is fine that it is selling cheap, and inexpensive and competently galvanized body is only in fairy tales. So cheapness also plays a last role in choosing galvanizing methods.

Thirdly, in Russia - at the junction of the East and the West, where, in general, more from the East, they also do not want too raise prices for cars. Yes, rebranding is a good thing, but Lada is still considered a budget car.

Ford Car Body Zinc

Now "unwise" to make cars for decades of operation, and the resistance of the "iron horses" of the eighties will have to search.

My car galvanized body

Are you sure? Let's start with the fact that the diverse tricks with galvanizing adore car dealers and advertisers, but only the words "complete galvanizing" speak of a truly complete galvanized. If your car was covered with zinc-containing paint, it is also theoretically completely galvanized, and in practice this method (cold galvanized) is considered one of the worst. And also zincometal is trying to issue for complete galvanized.

In practice, it is often forbidden about the nature of their "complete galvanizing" such brands like:

Mitsubishi;
Nissan;
Renault;
Hyundai;
Kia (Asian automotive giant uses zincometal);
Daewoo.

Photo gallery: Some cars of cars began to receive acceptable galvanized recently

Mitsubishi Pajero Sport Nissan Navara. Renault Kaptur.

"Northern" brands, like Volvo and Skoda, are rapidly better - to live in more severe conditions.

Skoda Oktavia - Auto with real galvanized

Of the modern fully galvanized cars, it is worth noting the price segment from Skoda Octavia and above in the entire Volkswagen Group.

Volvo XC60 is good both from the inside and outside

Who exactly zinc hot galvanized (Volkswagen Group cars):

Porsche;
Audi;
Volkswagen;
Seat;
Skoda.

General Motors concern models have a number of galvanized parts (Chevrolet, Fiat, Opel, Cadillac, Buick). Well, the Ford Mondeo does not always work properly (it is desirable to take the car of the Belgian assembly).

Photo gallery: Machines with galvanized details, not all body

Buick Enclave. Audi A4. Cadillac Escalade.
FIAT 500. Ford Mondeo. Opel Astra
Porsche 911 The first of the car brand has acquired a galvanized body Seat Ateca.

How to find out whether the used car galvanized

To do this, you need to see if the body was galvanized by such models in its year of release. If you buy a car from hand and the seller assures that zinc somewhere is something and therefore, the price is so, keep in mind that checking the availability of galvanizing is a difficult task. Not in every one hundred there is equipment for such a diagnosis, but even if it was, the cost for its operation is invariably redeemed to heaven. You can still in the presence of chips, carefully examine the place of the blows: if a dark spot appeared, and rust is not visible, the detail is galvanized.

Galvanizing with their own hands

Homemade and thermal galvanizing, understandable things are incompatible. But you can galvanically apply zinc to the entire body or some part of it.

Set for self-galvania

The galvanization must be carried out in the fresh air or in a well-ventilated room!

What do you need

zinc salt, sulfate or zinc chloride (solder acid), in the absence of all of all of the above - zinc, hydrochloric or sulfuric acid). Chemicals can be purchased at the Radioetting Store;
the wire;
an acidic capacity of a suitable size;
current source;
detail.

Work algorithm

There is nothing complicated in your home otsinka.

Video: Preparation of galvanizing solution

And it is also possible to galvanize the part, covering it with a special liquid composition, but for this it will first need to be cleaned from rust and degreased, and then in two layers to cover the zinc-containing mixture. One layer dries about thirty minutes.

Video: independent galvanized solid

The durable body will allow you to less frequent problems with the machine, so at the stage of selecting the model you need to pay special attention to the galvanized. Let so, as they did in the eighties, no one already galvanized, but at least seven years without corrosion - a very decent indicator of modern standards. In the harsh northern climate it is more difficult for people, but also mechanisms. Therefore, try to look less in advertising booklets and more - in official papers, where the methods of the miracle body processing are described in more detail. A competently chosen car always justifies the money invested in it, and this is not the case when you can save.

Body materials determine the total weight, strength, reliability and durability of the car. Manufacturers are looking for new technological solutions, aluminum alloys, new polymers, composite materials are widely used. However, sheet carbon steel sheets obtained the most widespread.

The production of the steel sheet for the automotive industry is perfectly worked out, allows you to get a material with specified properties, has the minimum cost. Automakers improve designs and technologies (for example, point or laser welding), ensuring the improvement of the performance of the serial models.

Protection of body corrosion.

The task refers to the group of the most important. To solve various methods are used:

Production of corrosion-resistant materials. The method is effective, but polymeric structures do not possess predetermined mechanical characteristics, and aluminum alloys and composites significantly increase the production and finished car.
Protection of mastic, painting. The applied mastic and paint coatings do not provide the necessary level of protection against moisture and aggressive chemistry, such as road reagents. They do not possess sufficient resistance to mechanical effects - susceptible to abrasion, crack over time, are easily damaged with minor shuffles. Places of damage are converted into corrosion foci.
Application of protective films (layers of various materials). The method is not new, but it remains the most promising in terms of cost and efficiency. Among the technologies used are optimal, the coating zinc (galvanizing, galvanizing, galvanizing) is considered.

Zinc as protection for steel.

Location - the most widely common method of protecting iron and steel products from corrosion of the resulting impact of natural (moisture, temperature) and artificial (aggressive chemicals) of factors. Practically, more than 40% annually produced in the world of zinc is used precisely for protective coatings.

Such a situation is due to the high efficiency of several protection mechanisms characteristic of galvanized steel products:

Education barriers. Zinc quickly forms oxide films or other compounds, chemically passive to the effects of various substances. As a result, it is limited to the access of reagents provoking corrosion to steel products, Zn compounds perform the functions of the sealant formed on the spot.
Electrochemical sewn. Due to the difference in electrochemical potentials (-0.441v - Fe, -0.763B - Zn) the latter applied on the surface of parts from iron or steel performs the functions of an electrochemical tread. In fact, corrosion processes occur in a protective layer without affecting the main material. Protection applies even to areas that are not covered (within the radius of the tread action) - with a partial disorders of the integrity of the zinc layer, the protective properties are saved.
Partial regeneration. The difference in material potentials also causes the transfers of the Zn particles to the unprotected surface of the main material, ensuring self-healing of small defects or damage.

Problems of technology processes of galvanizing:

Ensuring the necessary level of adhesion - the clutch of the zinc layer with the surface of the material.
Getting a given thickness. At the annual rate of destruction of galvanizing from 0.85 (minimum) up to 6 microns, for 5-15 years, the warranty on the body is required thickness from 2-5 to 10-20 μm.
Protection of details of a complex configuration.

Technologies, properties of coatings, advantages, disadvantages.

On galvanized bodies, automakers give a solid warranty - from 5 to 30 years. The characteristics of the protective layer are largely dependent on the method of applied.

In the automotive industry, several galvanizing technologies are applied:

Hot (thermal);
Galvanic;
Cold;
Zincometal.

Thermal (hot) galvanizing.

The technology that uses the zinc melt is the oldest, but ensuring maximum protection efficiency. She was offered back in 1742. Paul Jacques Maluen - a French scientist, well-known works in the field of physics and chemistry. The text of the report for the Royal Academy of France contains a description of the method of applying the Zn layer on the surface of the product immersion from steel to the bath with a melt, the flowing processes are considered in detail.

Thermal galvanizing is the process of coating metal (iron, cast iron, steel) with a layer of zinc at high temperatures. The technique consists in immersion of the design in the molten metal, heated to 450-500 degrees. For uniform precipitation of Zn on the surface, rapid filling of cavities in the structures of complex shape, penetration into the places of surface defects (slits, pores, sinks), the protected design moves in the melt (or the molten metal current is created relative to the design) with a constant low speed.

Simultaneously proceeds several processes:

It is heated by the surface of the steel product, due to which the intensive diffusion of zinc in the near-surface layers is observed. A high degree of adhesion coating is ensured, a reliable clutch with the surface.
Zinc is introduced into the domain structures of the metal, forming a pseudodoy with steel with high mechanical strength.
On the surface, pure zn react with oxygen to form oxide. At high temperature, the reaction with carbon dioxide contained in the atmosphere of carbon (carbon dioxide) occurs intensively. As a result, the surface is covered with a zinc carbonate film - solid, chemically inert with respect to most of the material effects that implements barrier protection against corrosion.

The thermal method has significant advantages:

The simplicity of application of the layer of the specified thickness (is regulated by the melt temperature, the time of finding the structure in the bath, the speed of moving the protected part in the zinc mass).
The uniformity of the protective coating, the possibility of use to control the thickness of the methods widespread in metallurgy (electromagnetic, magnetic and other meters).
Special properties of a film that ensure improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the product. The upper soft layers quench the energy of the impact, the internal array of the pseudoplava increases the mechanical strength. According to certificates of representatives of concerns - car manufacturers after processing the finished body in the zinc melt, the increase in the structure of the structure can reach 50%.
Self-control of the surface of the details. Indeed, if the preparation of the metal surface (processed product) was not properly carried out, the Zn precipitation on the site does not occur, the defect is detected by visually or instrumental methods ..
The quality of treatment remains constant, regardless of the nature of the surface, in open areas, in the hidden cavities, even if there are invisible defects of the structure. In the most problematic places - the corners and edges, due to the specifics of the process, the thickness of the protective layer increases (unlike other methods).
Depending on the composition of the steel (the content of alloying components and impurities, including non-metals - phosphorus, sulfur, etc.) is possible a change in the appearance (due to the formation of various compounds), the thickness of the galvanized. Protective abilities remain unchanged.

The economic advantages of technology should be noted - the minimum processing duration, ease of automation of the process, allowing to achieve high performance, low cost, the ability to work with structures of any size and forms. At the same time, finished products do not require additional training before painting, and adhesion ability provides the quality of the application of LCP.

Additional advantage - simplicity of zinc protection regeneration. The self-healing ability allows not to use additional measures to repair small defects. Large, easily eliminated by local processing with zinc-containing soils, paints, repair mixtures (included in the ZN involved in the chemical recovery processes).

This fact is important - coating does not impair the properties of the main material, such as thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.

Disadvantages of hot galvanizing.

Despite the many important advantages, the use of thermal technology of galvanizing car bodys has not been ubiquitous. The reason for this is the disadvantages of the method:

Ensuring the performance required for the automotive pipeline requires companies of significant capital investments for equipment of lines of galvanizing with large volume baths.
Maintaining at a given level of temperature of significant volumes of melt - the task requires serious energy consumption. This affects the cost of production, impairs the environmental component. Solid fines in the light of the current environmental protection legislation (for example, in Japan and Europe) also give a serious negative economic effect.
After the process is completed, the welding works, the drilling of holes, etc. disrupts the integrity of the protective coating. Accordingly, the design and manufacturing process is complicated (it is required to provide the maximum number of operations at the stages before the galvanized).
Some types of work, such as welding, require special technologies and equipment.
Constructive calculation of parts must be carried out based on processing. Otherwise, additional superficial loads can lead to mechanical destruction.

As a result, despite the recognition of reliability, quality, economic feasibility of hot galvanizing, use it for sewage of the bodies of cars only some manufacturers.

Auto with galvanized hot body method.

Thermal technology is applied by automotes to produce on the parts of the body (individual or entire design) of the protective zinc layer with a thickness of 2-100 μm. This allows:

Provide corrosion resistance of body structures for 15 years or more (the owner receives the appropriate guarantees);
Get coatings superior to others 3-4 times;
Increase the stability of products to mechanical damage (with minor influences).

Production difficulties limited the number of manufacturers using this protective technology in full.

The leader is the VW Group, widely applying hot galvanizing for cars produced brands. Especially great achievements in the field of prototective methods of Audi.

It was the world-famous Audi 80 that became the first serial model of the car, which received a fully galvanized body. On the roads and today, these cars are often found (or no less high-quality Audi 100) of which still remain in perfect condition. Already in 1986, practically technologies were used for all cars brand.

The company is constantly improving the technological processes of obtaining protective coatings. The latest developments include a method of bilateral galvanizing not only metallic parts, but also structures of welded seams.

Thermal galvanized for body elements uses VOLVO. A complex of aluminum parts and galvanized steel products allows brand machines for a long time to be in the top of reliability ratings.

Galvanic galvanizing.

The galvanic galvanized method represents the application of a thin zinc layer to the surface of the product due to the electrolytes of the special composition of the electric current. The technology is used to obtain layers with a thickness of 2-40 microns.

Technologically, the process is as follows:

The electrolytic baths are placed a solution of electrolyte-acidic acids containing Zn in the form of hydration ions (sulfates, chlorides, fluorobes), complex, in which Zn is part of the anions (cyanides, cinatites, pyrophosphates) or cations (ammonia, ethylenendiaminates).
The cathode of the installation is protected metal design.
Anode is a zinc electrode (or made of special zinc-containing compounds).

Through the solution passes a permanent current of 1-5a / sq. MD density. Positively charged zinc ions are attracted to the cathode, restore the charge to neutral, forming a layer of metal on the surface. Anode provides delivery to zn ions solution, omitting losses.

Advantages and disadvantages of the method.

Electrolytic (galvanic) technology is common widest, thanks to explicit advantages:

high performance;
the possibility of processing parts and structures of complex configurations;
density and uniformity of the layer, filling in invisible small defects.

Obtained galvanically coatings are characterized by all protective properties inherent galvania. At the same time, equipment for performing operations and materials makes it possible to slightly reduce the cost of production, compared with the traditional thermal method.

Among the disadvantages of technology, they note:

The need for careful preparation (special processing) of a protected surface.
Smaller adhesion and depth of zinc diffusion in the material compared to hot zinc diffusion depth.
The possibility (with inaccurate observance of technologies and parameters of processes) a significant change in the electrochemical properties of steel, the result of which it may be to increase the inclination for the development of corrosion processes.
The manifestation of side effects, such as floors, causing an increase in the fragility of structures and a change in the electrochemical properties of the material.

According to the capital expenditures and energy flows, galvanotechnology is comparable to thermal (bulk baths, powerful sources of current, additional energy consumption to eliminate side effects). The method is problematic and from the point of view of ecology - the majority of solutions used - poisonous require special measures for processing.

Nevertheless, simplicity of implementation, process management, obtaining precisely calculated results led to wider distribution in the automotive industry.

Auto, protected electrolytic galvanizing.

To achieve a high level of protection against precipitated galvanically zinc coatings is possible only when applying a set of protector measures. This path was elected European Automotive Leaders - BMW and Mercedes-Benz. Used technologies include:

The manufacture of body parts made of high-quality alloyed steel with accurate dosage of impurities;
Galvanizing galvanic method (layer thickness 9-15 μm) with accurate observance of the technological process parameters;
The use of high-quality straight-color materials with special properties (adhesion, resistance to damage, exposure to ultraviolet, etc.).

The result was no less impressive than AUDI, protector efficiency with a decrease in the cost of production.

Cold zinc.

The essence of the technology is to apply to the surface of protected parts of zinc-containing compositions with pre-selected characteristics. The result of the use of compositions becomes the formation of a protective coating with anti-corrosion properties approaching the received by other methods.

The advantages of cold technology include:

Easy to perform operations, low cost - compositions are applied as LCP, do not require special equipment, additional chemicals, energy consumption.
Minimum restrictions on use - work is allowed in a wide range of temperatures (-20 .. + 40 degrees), indoors and outdoor sites, in industrial or household conditions.
High clutch with metals and LCP.
The possibility of working with structures of any geometric forms;
Easy to restore damaged protective layers.
Minimal effect on the ecology.

Such a set contributes to the spread of the method of cold galvanizing in the automotive industry, allowing it to use it even in the production of budget cars.

However, in quality, the resulting product can significantly give way to the results of the use of thermal or galvanic technologies.

The acceptable degree of protection is achieved only when using high-quality compositions and thorough preparation of parts;
The stability of the layer to mechanical influences is significantly lower;
The processing of hidden plans and sections with limited access is difficult.

Zincometal.

The technology differs from the above-described - not the finished product, and the metal (steel) at the production stage (rolled). For this purpose, inorganic compositions and organic polymers are used, with a high content of zinc and its oxides (soils).

For the material, as for most sheet steels, excellent structural properties are characteristic. It is easily served by molding, stamping, does not put additional conditions when conducting welding, compatible with traditional soils, adhesives, varnishes and paints. Protective properties with listed operations are not violated.

In the main thing - according to the degree of protection against corrosion, the material is significantly inferior to hot and galvanic galvanized. Therefore, as a rule, the use of only in low-cost brands of cars, whose manufacturers trying to stay in trend, declare a "galvanized body".

Video about types of galvanizing, simple and understandable.

More about the types of galvania.

In addition to various galvanizing technologies, galvanized car bodies differ in the degree of processing:

Full - The protective coating is applied to all parts, covered hidden and hard-to-reach areas, cavities, etc. It is used single and double-sided.
Partial - Plots in the most unfavorable conditions are processed, be sure to be nodal locations of the compounds.
Nodal connections - Only responsible sections are protected - welded seams, installation sites for mounting parts and similar.

As a partial, the anti-corrosion protection of the bottom of the galvanizing was quite widespread. From the point of view of operation and value, this method is fully justified. Another thing is complete bodice rank. First of all, the cost of the cost and price of the car should be considered. In addition, environmental protection arises - environmentally unsafe chemicals are widely used when processing is widely used, the release of which to the atmosphere, water from being prevented almost impossible. The tightening of environmental legislation becomes the cause of the refusal of European, American, Japanese automakers from complete galvanizing.

Is galvanized effective?

This is asked by many car owners. Of course, the argument "For" is a guarantee from end-to-end corrosion of the body for 7-15 (often or more) years.

However, reports on forums from car owners, the opinions of specialists of service centers give the ground for doubt. Often there are stories showing that any kind of galvanized under certain conditions ceases to protect the design details. Moreover, it is often observed acceleration of the corrosion process.

As examples, lead Audi 80 and 100, Volkswagen. Passat B3 and B5. These models come from the 80s, 90s, and 2000s, respectively, serve as an example of high-quality processing, reliable protection. That is why their owners and today cannot express claims - in most cases, despite the old age and, often, the heavy operating conditions of the car body remain in perfect condition.

There are also their "anithigeroes" of the process. This includes, for example, Peugeot 307 (2004-2006). The galvanized body of these cars rust faster than the unprocessed metal of other automakers. The poor quality of the violation of technology, other reasons - to understand the experts. The conclusion for a regular motorist is simple - often the word "galvanized" is a successful marketing move. To avoid pronas Should be remembered:

Really protected can only be considered cars with a complete bodice rank.
In addition to the manufacturer's statements, it is possible to judge the degree of reliability of the coverage for a period of warranty - at least 5-7, ideally 15 years or more.
Even with complete galvanized, the violation of technology can serve as a source of problems, lead to accelerated corrosion development.
Processes under the protective layer can develop secretly.

In short, when buying a car, there will be no extra information about the type and technology of zinc coating. Some data are shown in the lists below.

Galvanized car bodies (lists).

The most popular brand in the Russian market and auto models are included in the list of galvanizing technologies. In addition, the yield years are indicated, the degree of processing.

Hot galvanized.

Audi All models manufactured from 2001;
Cadillac ATS (C 2012), BTS (from 2006), Catera, Deville, Escalade, Seville (all - C 2001), CTS, DTS, SRX, STS, XLR;
Ford Escape, Expedition, Explorer, Fiesta, Focus, Galaxy, Maverick, Mustang, Mondeo, Taurus (all - from 2001), C-Max, Fusion, Kuga, Ranger, S-Max, Tourneo Connect:
Jaguar F-Type;
Peugeot 307 - one-sided;
Porsche is the entire lineup;
Volvo - Thermal technology is used for all models.

Partial, one-sided (unless otherwise indicated):

Audi A1, A2, A4 Allroad, TT (up to 2001);
Cadillac Catera, Deville, Escalade, Seville (all - until 2001);
Ford Escape, Expedition, Explorer, Fiesta, Focus, Galaxy, Maverick, Mustang, Mondeo, Taurus (all - until 2001).

Galvanic galvania.

Full, double-sided (unless otherwise indicated):

BMW - C 1998 body of all models;
Chevrolet Astro, Blazer, Cruze, Express, Impala, Malibu, Nivam Suburban, Tracker (all - C 2003), Last Generation Camaro (from 2013), Corvette (C 2000), Tahoe (C 2006), Aveo, Captiva, Cobalt, Epica, Evanda, Lacetti, Lanos, Orlando, Rezzo, Sparkm Trailblazer;
Chrysler 300m, Concorde Grand Voyager, Neon, Sebring (All -c 2000), Aspen, Crossfire, Pacifica, Pt Cruiser;
Citroen Berlingo, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8, JUMPER, XANTIA, XSARA PICASSO (all - C 2007), C3 Picasso, C4 Aircross and Picasso, C-Crosse, C-Elysee, DS3, DS4, DS5, JUMPY;
Daewoo Evanda, Gentra, Lacetti, Matiz, Nexia, Rezzo, Sens, Winstorm (all - C 2007);
Dodge Avenger, Caliber, Caravan, Challenger, Charger, Dakota, Durango, Magnum, Neon, Ram (since 2007), Viper (since 2000), Journey, Nitro;
Honda Accord, Civic, CR-V, Element, Elysion, Fit, FR-V, HR-V, Insight, Inspire, Jazz, Legend, Mobilio, Odyssey, Partner, Stepwgn, Stream (all - since 2005), AirWave, Crosstour , Pilot, RidgeLine;
Infiniti Ex Series, G Series, M Series (all - from 2007), FX Series, Jx Series, Q50, Q60, Q70, QX50, QC60, QX70, QX80;
Jaguar S-Type, X-Type, XJ, XK (all - C 2007), Xe, XF;
Jeep Cherokee, Grand Cherokee, Commander, Liberty, Wrangler (all - from 2007), Compass, Patriot, Renegade;
Land Rover Discovery, Freelander, Range Rover (all - from 2007), Defender, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque and Sport;
Lexus - all models, release from 2007:
Mazda - auto production since 2007;
Mitsubishi - since 2001 all cars;
Nissan - Starting from 2007, all manufactured cars.
Mercedes-Benz - Body of all models since 1999
MINI - all:
Opel - In 2008, partial gave way to full.
Saab 9-2x, 9-3, 9-5, 9-7x (all - from 2007);
Since 1999, the SEAT produces cars only with full galvanic galvanized;
Skoda - since 1999. Until the current moment, serial cars receive full bilateral defense applied by electroplating;
Subaru Forester, Impreza. Justy, Traviq (all-С 2002 g), Baja, BRZ, LEGACY, R1, R2, TRIBECA, WRX, XV;
Suzuki - In 2007, the manufacturer refused to all produced models from cold galvanizing in favor of full galvanic.
Toyota - Since 2000, cars are produced only in galvanized galvanically bodies. The company uses only full bilateral galvanizing for all serial models.

Partial:

Chevrolet Astro, Blazer, Cruze, Express, Impala, Malibu, Niva, Suburban, Tracker (all - until 2003), Camaro (up to 4 generations inclusive), Corvette (up to 2000);
Fiat 500, 500L, Albea, Barchetta, Bravo, Doblo, Ducato, Freemont, Linea, Palio, Panda, Punto, Scudo, Siena, Stilo, Ulysse;
Honda Accord, Civic, CR-V, Element, Elysion, Fit, FR-V, HR-V, Insight, Inspire, Jazz, Legend, Mobilio, Odyssey, Partner, Stepwgn, Stream (all - until 2005);
Opel until 2008 - all models;
Peugeot 107, 2008, 206, 207, 208, 3008, 308, 208, 3008, 308, 4007, 4008, 406, 407, 408, 508, 607, 807, Boxer, Expert, Partner - Bilateral;
Subaru Forester, Impreza. Justy, Traviq (all-2002) - bilateral;

Cold galvanized.

Partial:

Chery Amulet, Arrizo7, Bonus, Cross Eastar, Eastar , For a, Indis, Karry, Kimo, M11, QQ, QQ6, Tiggo, VERY - one-sided;
Citroen Berlingo, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8, JUMPER, Xantia, XSARA Picasso (all - until 2007), XSARA;
Daewoo Evanda, Gentra, Lacetti, Matiz, Nexia, Rezzo, Sens, Winstorm (all - until 2007), Kalo, Lanos, Leganza, Magnus, Nubira;
Dodge Avenger, Caliber, Caravan, Challenger, Charger, Dakota, Durango, Magnum, Neon, Ram (all- 2007), Viper (up to 2000);
Greatwall, HAVAL - all models:
Hyundai Accent (C 2001), Avante, Elantra, Getz, Grandeur, Matrix, Santa Fe, Sonata, Terracan, Tiburon, Tucson (all - from 2005), Genesis, I20, I30, I40, IX35, IX55, Solaris;
Infiniti Ex Series, G Series, M Series (all - until 2007), I series, Q45;
Jaguar S Type. X Type, XJ, XK (all - until 2007);
Jeep Cherokee, Grand Cherokee, Commander, Liberty, Wrangler (all - until 2007);
Land Rover Discovery, Freelander, Range Rover (all - until 2007);
Lexus - all models, until 2007 in..;
Lifan (all cars);
Mazda - until 2007.
Nissan - all, from 2000 to 2007.
Saab 9-2x, 9-3, 9-5, 9-7x (all - until 2007);
Ssang Yong - the manufacturer inflicts zinc-containing compositions on parts of body structures of all cars of the model range;
Suzuki - Auto, release until 2007;
VAZ, gas - in 2009 passed to partial cold galvanized all body structures;
UAZ inflicts protective zinc-containing compositions since 1998

Nodal connections:

Fiat - almost all models produced at the end of the 20th century (up to 2000);
Hyundai - until 2005,;
VAZ, gas - began to use the protection of responsible places of compounds since 1999
TagAZ - all models currently produced.

Body from zincometal.

Kia Bongo, Carens, Carnival, Ceed, Cerato, Forte, Magentis, Mohave, Opirus, Optima. Picanto, Pride, Quoris, Rio, Shuma, Sorento, Soul, Spectra, Sportage, Venga;
Renault releases a body for a zincometal for serial cars since 2000 to the present.

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