Planning the battery area ................................................ ..3
Introduction .............................. ... ........................... ........................... 9
1. General instructions ........................................................................ ..10
1.1.Technical service of batteries ........................ 10
1.2.Remont batteries ................................................ ... 11
1.3. Pokers used in conducting certification of maintenance and repair services and repair batteries ............ 11
2.Akkumulyatornye department of road transport enterprises .................................................................. ............... ..12
2.1.Naznachenie department .................. ............................................. 12
2.2. Sostoring offices ................................................................................13
2.3.Tehnologichesky process of maintenance and repair of batteries ............................................................... .. 16
3. Safety equipment when repairing batteries ............... .17
4. Requirements when handling caustic, poisonous substances, potassium, sodium ................................................................................... ... 25
List of used literature ................................................ ... 2 7

Battery layout.

The battery compartment performs repair, charging and recharging acb. In many major auto farms, the specialists of this department are produced by the AKB at TU-1 and TO-2. In accordance with the technology of service and repair of AKB and modern requirements for production in the workshop in especially large auto believes, the premises of the department are divided into reception, storage and repair departments (acid and charger).
The acid compartment is intended for storage in glass bottles of sulfuric acid and distilled water, as well as for the preparation and storage of electrolyte, for which a lead or a faience bath is used. It is installed on a wooden table laid out by lead. For safety reasons for spilling acid, bottles are installed in special devices.
Battery repair is usually carried out using finished parts (plates, separators, tanks). After repair, the battery is filled with electrolyte and enters the room for charging batteries. The charged battery returns to the car from which it was removed or entered into a revolving fund.
The number and nomenclature of technological equipment in the workplace are presented in Table 1.
The external workplace planning scheme is presented in Figure 1.

Table 1 - Selection of equipment for diagnostic

№

Name			Overall Dimensions, mm.
1	Flask for waste	3	-	600x400.
2	Workbench for assembly and disassembly	1	1041N-00.	1000x700.
3	Bath Vinylplastova	1	05.t.04	1000x550
	for washing acb
4	Varstak for repair AKB	3	SGR-59.	1400x650.
5	Stand diagnostic		Scyth 1-02	565x750.
6	Bath for electrolyte	1	-	650x400.
7	Rack for details, materials and	1	CGR-80.	2200x600.
	tool
8	Workbench for swine smelting and mastic	1	-	1210x980.
9	Bath for draining electrolyte	1	-	1000x600.
10	Acid bottling device	2	-	800x300.
11	Electric distiller	2	ED-40	440x480.
12	Straighteners for charge battery	2	OPE-3O	450x520.
13	Account charge and storage rack	1	05.E./178	3000x1200.
14	Trolley platform	1	TP-300	600x900.

Figure 1 - Planning of the battery compartment
1 - Waste Waste, 2 - workbench for assembly and disassembly Akb, 3 - Viniplast bath for washing AKB, 4 - workbench for repair AKB, 5 - Stand Diagnostic Scythy, 6 - Bath for electrolyte, 7 - Rack for details, materials and tool 8 - Bench for melting lead and mastics, 9 - Bath for draining electrolyte 10 - device for bottling acid 11 - Electric distiller 12 - rectifier for charging rechargeable batteries, 13 - rack for charging and storage batteries, 14 - trolley platform .

Based on the annual laboriousness of the repair of batteries (AKB), we will find the number of employees, and then the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire separation.
Annual labor intensity is determined by the formula:
T G \u003d N Pr * TR *, chasha
Where N Pr-loungered units of repair, 120 pcs
TR PR -Treatability repair unit, 740 people
To with -coeffer seriality, we accept equal to 1
KN Over fulfillment, we accept 1.25.
T g \u003d 120 * 740 * \u003d 71040 people.
The laboriousness of the collapsible assembly works is approximately 4% of the total laboriousness of the repair.
T p \u003d 0.04 * 71040 \u003d 2841.6 people.
The list of compartment is determined by the formula:
N R.P. \u003d, people

- Active fund of working time production workers, hour. With a single-shift, it is 1750 ... 1800 hours.
N R.P. \u003d 1.6? 2 people.
The uncertain composition of the separation is determined by the formula:
N R.Yav. \u003d, people
Where t p orthosity works, people
-Nomalous fund of working time production workers, hour. With a single-shift, it is 2020 hours.
N R.P. \u003d 1.4? 2 people.
Because of the complexity and high laboriousness of work carried out in the battery compartment, we accept the number of workers equal to 3.
The area of \u200b\u200bindustrial premises is determined by the number of workers either through the area of \u200b\u200bequipment located in the department.
By the number of production workers:
F \u003d p * F p, m 2
Where r sp is the list of production workers, people
F R is an area per worker, m 2.
F \u003d 3 * 25 \u003d 75 m 2.

By area of \u200b\u200bequipment:
The area of \u200b\u200bthe department is determined by the floor area, occupied by equipment, and the transitional coefficient that takes into account working areas, travel and passages, and is expressed as:
F \u003d f 0 * k,
Where F 0-location occupied by equipment, m 2;
K-transient factor considering working zones, passages and passages (K \u003d 3.0-4.0)
Knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe equipment Find the area of \u200b\u200bthe department:
F \u003d 15.92 * 4 \u003d 63.68 m 2.
Select the area of \u200b\u200bthe disassembly separation, equal to 77 m 2.
The length of the separation of 11 meters, the width of the separation of 7 meters.

Introduction

In modern cars use electric devices than 80 units, from which the serviceability of the vehicle performance depends.
Depending on the functional purpose of the electrical system are divided into a number of systems and groups: the ignition, engine starting, power supply, lighting and light-signaling devices, instrumentation, switching and optional equipment.
The increase in the number and power of consumers of the electrical equipment system places increased requirements for electrical energy sources by car, in particular to the battery. The growth of the unit power of automotive engines requires the growth of the battery starter discharge. Also, the battery must provide supply consumers with the engine off or when it operates at low speed, when the voltage generating set less than the battery voltage, and also for sharing with the generator power consumers when their thickness exceeds the power generating installation.
The serviceability of the electrical equipment is largely affected by the reliability and efficiency of the car. Therefore it is very important to maintain in working order the electrical system of its individual units, particularly batteries, repair of which depends on the nature of the operation and the quality of their maintenance and repair.
Maintenance of batteries is a preventive event, carried out forced in a planned manner through a certain mileage of the rolling stock in the amount of the received list of operations.
The current repair of batteries is carried out in need and is performed in battery compartments (workshops, sites) of road transport enterprises. The volume of work on the current repair of batteries depends on the specific battery malfunctions and is determined in each case specifically.
Qualitative and timely maintenance of batteries throughout their service life ensures their trouble-free operation between services and contributes to a decrease in the need for repair.

1. General instructions

On vehicles, starter lead-acid batteries are used, which meet the requirements of GOST 959.0-84 E, GOST 959.23-79, TU 16-563.047-86, TU 16-729.169-79, TU 16-563.049-86, TU 16-563.009-84 , TU 16-563.038-86, TU 16-729.118-81, TU 16-563.016-86, TU 16-563.039-86, TU 16-563.040-86, TU 16-563.041-86, TU 16-563.042-86, TU 16-563.043-86, TU 16-563.045-86, TU 16-563.048-86, TU 16-529.951-78, TU 16-729.384-83, TU 16-563.032-86, TU 16-89.Lila. 563.412 , TU 16-88.LILE.563.412.014, TU 16-88.Lilay.563.413.007.

1.1. Maintenance of batteries

Maintenance of batteries performs battery pack or car repair mechanic (auto-electricity) in car maintenance zones.
The frequency and scope of work (a list of operations) for battery maintenance is established in accordance with the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport and the instructions for the operation of battery packs Zhu-IE. 563410.001 IE.

1.2. Repair of batteries

Depending on the nature and scope of work, the repair of batteries is divided into the current and capital.
The current repair of batteries is to replace the casting mastic, checking and replacing the inter-element compounds, a welding of the pole conclusions, replacing the covers, the monoblock of separators.
Current repairs are performed in battery compartments (shops, plots) of motor vehicles.
Overhaul is determined by the need to replace semi-blocks of plates, monoblock and separators.
Overhaul is performed in specialized repair units (workshops).
Repair of batteries associated with the replacement of the plates is allowed to perform in the transport companies with a well-equipped battery compartment technological equipment and the availability of highly qualified personnel.

1.3. Indicators used in conducting certification of services for maintenance and repair of batteries.

When conducting certification of maintenance services and the current repair of automotive starter batteries, the following indicators use:
1. Battery package.
2. Overall battery size.
3. Battery connections in the battery.
4. Location of the conclusions "+" and "-", their marking and size.
5. The state of the outer surface of the battery.
6. Battery condition (charged, not charged).
7. The presence of a safety panel over separators.
8. Tightness of the battery in the places of conclusions.
9. Battery sealing.
10. Battery designation.
11. Electrolyte level.
12. Battery capacity.
13. Characteristics of the starter category.
14. Electrolyte density.
15. Battery voltage.
16. Completion mode.

2. Accumulative offices of road transport enterprises.

2.1. Appointment of separation.

Maintenance and repair of batteries at road transport enterprises is performed in battery compartments (plots, shops and workshops), then in the text - separation. Maintenance of batteries perform office workers directly by car in the maintenance zones. Rechargeable compounds are designed for maintenance and current repair of batteries associated with in-depth testing of the technical condition, charging, replacement of separators, rewinding mastic, repair of connecting terminals, pin pins, etc. The department also contains the storage of batteries taken from the car and revolt. Accounting for works performed during maintenance and repair of batteries is carried out.
Thus, the following works are performed in the battery compartment:
- maintenance of battery batteries;
- current repair of batteries;
- Accounting for the operation of batteries and their storage.

2.2. Comparison composition

In accordance with the appointment and volume of work performed, the following sections should include the following sections: repair, electrolyte (acid), charging, machine and utility rooms.
Repair site is designed for maintenance and repair of batteries.
Electrolyte (acid) - for the preparation and storage of electrolyte and distilled water.
Charging - to charge batteries.
Machine - to accommodate charging units and removes with electrical measuring devices.
Utility rooms - for storing materials, new batteries and batteries requiring repair.
The location of the plots, as well as the placement of equipment in the department should provide a technological sequence of work under which the battery would move from one operation to another shortest way with minimal expenditure and time. The department must be equipped with technologically necessary equipment, devices, devices and tools. Plots of service and repair are advisable to place in close proximity to the maintenance and repair area, from where batteries come from, requiring an in-depth check, charge or repair. Next to the service and repair site should be the charging site and the utility room. Electrolyte (acid) area can be placed in the same room with a charging site. Machine plot in order to reduce the length of conductive wires and tires should be located as close as possible to the charging area. Depending on the manufacturing and repair and repair program, the availability of production areas, the battery compartment can be placed in five, four, three rooms, not less than two rooms and, as an exception, in one room. When the battery compartment is located in the same room, the charging and electrolyte sections are recommended. When the battery compartment is located in three rooms, it is recommended to have a charger and electrolyte sectors in the same room, in the other - repair and machine sections, in the third store materials, acid and batteries. The rechargeable compartment located in two rooms (without utility room), the sections are combined in the same way as in the previous layout option. When the separation is located in the same room, which is allowed as an exception, charging the batteries should be carried out in a special cabinet with an individual exhaust, the inclusion of which is scarked with the inclusion of the charger. The difference in the degree of equipment with equipment will depend on the production capacity of the department. Below is a list of technological equipment to technological planning solutions of rechargeable departments.
Specialized workshop performs:
-All types of repair of batteries;
- the electrolyte and distilled water;
- new and repaired rechargeable batteries in the working state;
- Control and training cycles for repaired batteries when they are verified;
- Cobbles and rents a battery lean containing lead.
In accordance with the purpose and scope of work in the workshop could include the production and support departments:
- receiving - for accepting batteries that come for repair or charging;
- Charger - to charge batteries;
-Electrolite (acid) - for the preparation of electrolyte and distilled water;
-Machine - to accommodate the battery chargers and panels with electrical measuring instruments, rheostats and knife-switch;
-The-trouble-defective - to disassemble batteries received for repairs, and defecting parts;
--assembly - for all types of repair of batteries and recruitment of suitable parts;
-liteynoe - for the preparation of (castings) interconnections baretok lead and filler rods;
- Storage and issuing finished products.
The foundry compartment is located in the immediate vicinity of the repair and assembly department.
In addition to the listed departments, the workshop should have a repair fund warehouse, a warehouse of spare parts and materials, a room for posting administration, supply service, mechanical compartment.
For production work must be provided: a recreation room and meals, for clothing wardrobe, shower room and dressing room for clean clothes.
All branches of the workshop should be placed in accordance with the process of repair and battery charging.

2.3. Technological process of maintenance and repair of batteries.

Rechargeable batteries that entered the workshop, requiring only charge, are sent to the charging compartment, where they are installed on the rack. The electrolyte is poured into new batteries, and distilled water into the used in operation. Then the batteries, depending on the electric container, are selected in the charge group. Rechargeable batteries are charged from the charging units located in the machine compartment. At the end of the battery charge, if necessary, the electrolyte density is adjusted. Charged batteries that have electrolyte trails on the surface are neutralized with a 10% solution of calcined soda or ammonic alcohol, wipe dry with a rag and sent to the separation of storage and issuing finished products. Rechargeable batteries requiring repairs enter the receiving department where they check their technical condition and establish the type of repair. If the batteries do not require disassembly to establish a type of repair (blessing pins, cracks in the battery lid, monoblock cracks, the need to reload the mastic), they are sent to the repair and assembly compartment to eliminate these faults. From the repair department of the battery, they are sent to the charging compartment for charge or in the storage and issuance of finished products. Suitable plates, monoblocks, covers, inter-element connections and other parts are sent to the repair and assembly separation directly to the assembly, and the details that have disposable defects are to repair. The unsuitable inter-element compounds are sent to the casting compartment on melting. In the repair and assembly department, all parts and materials necessary for repairing batteries received from the dissemination and assembly branch and from the spare parts and materials warehouse are collected. Renovated rechargeable batteries go to the warehouse of storage and issuing finished products or in the charger.

3. Safety equipment when repairing batteries.
Battery repair department must be isolated from other offices. Simultaneous charging of 10 and more rechargeable batteries are produced in an isolated room equipped with racks, or in a shared room of the workshop, but the batteries must be installed in the exhaust cabinet.
To protect the shoes of the working battery compartment from destruction to the floor, small lattices coated with acid-resistant varnish are placed. Daily at the end of work, the floor of the battery compartment and the lattice is washed with water.
To illuminate the battery compartment, explosion-safe lamps are used, and switches, plug sockets and fuses are installed in the vestibule.
The battery repair unit is equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation to remove sulfuric acid vapors, lead, their compounds, hydrogen and other gases and dust.
Rechargeable batteries flooded with electrolyte are transported on special trolleys with sockets in size of the batteries transported. You can only transfer batteries by manually using special fixtures - grippers or baskets.
To protect hands from burns with sulfuric acid, rubber gloves are put on. The body and clothing from the harmful effects of the acid protect the rubberized or wool aprons.
When working with electrolyte, rubber shoes are used and weave safety glasses in the rubber rim.
The electrolyte is prepared in dishes from an ebony or plastic.
From heavy bottles, it is uncomfortable and dangerous to overflow the acid, so they use fixtures that allow you to gradually tilt the bottle to the desired level, or a siphon.
The electrolyte is prepared by pouring a thin stream of sulfuric acid into distilled water. The mixture is continuously stirred by a glass wand. Acid is topped with a ceramic mug through a glass funnel or rubber pear. Sulfuric acid that fell on the skin as soon as possible is washed away with a neutralizing 10% solution of drinking soda and water, otherwise acid causes deep ulcers. Randomly spilled sulfuric acid is immediately neutralized by the same solution. After the end of working with acid thoroughly wash his hands with hot water with soap.
At the place of smelting, fillings, welding and swine soldering are arranged special umbrellas for hoods. Work is performed in tarpaulin jackets, pants at an eye, protective glasses and respirators. The solder of lead connecting bridges are performed with ventilation on.
The unsuitable plates and unsuitable lead and its waste are stored in a separate closing drawer. It is forbidden to take lead oxides with your hands.
To avoid an explosion of runday gas in the charging compartment, the following rules are followed: all work related to connecting and disconnecting wires before and after charging is allowed to be performed only when the current is turned off, the tightening of the wires must be sufficiently tight to prevent one's sparking; During the charging of batteries, you cannot use the load fork, as an explosion of runday gas can occur from sparking on terminals. You can check the battery with the load fork not earlier than an hour after charging. To avoid burn, the resistance of the load plug must be closed by a casing. The use of matches, candles, open fire, the heating of separation by electric hollows is categorically prohibited.

In the process of operation of batteries, there is a need for repair and charging. Depending on the nature of the malfunction, the scope of work is divided into small, medium or overhaul:
- Small repairs include replacement of filling mastic or elimination of defects of cans, jumper soldering, attack of conclusions, replacing battery lid, washing with neutral mortar.
- Average repair includes small repair operations, as well as removal of precipitate from cans, revision with partial replacement of plates and connecting strips, assembly and installation of separation, replacement of monoblock.
- Overhaul includes all medium repair operations and, in addition, eliminating cracks in the edge of the plates and samples of grids in negative plates, replace the semi-block polarity of electrodes, monoblock, covers and separators.
- In the rechargeable workshop, the inner partitions separating the charging and acidic rooms from the rest should be solid on the floor to the ceiling, the walls at a height of 1.5 - 1.8 m from the floor should be lined with acid-resistant tiles.
Inner walls are allowed with cement plaster with primrato and colorful acid-resistant paint light tone, brick or concrete floors with a layer of asphalt with a thickness of at least 30 mm.
- The heating of the battery workshop must be central, providing a temperature not lower than 15 ° C. Overall illumination should be at least 45 LCs. The charging department must be equipped with hermetic wiring and lighting reinforcement.
-Cemural workshop should have an isolated sewer network with a special outer septic for neutralizing with alkaline solutions.
- The accumulator premises should allow washing of floors and walls with water from the hose.
-Eventilation of the battery workshop should provide content in aerosol aerosols of sulfuric acid no more than 1 mg / cube. m, lead and its inorganic compounds - no more than 0.01 mg / cube. m, it should be provided with six - eight-round air exchange of 1 h.
- The preparation of the electrolyte should be used distilled water and a solution of sulfuric acid with a density of 1.40 g / cube. cm.
The freezing temperature of the lead battery electrolyte, depending on its density is given in Table. 2.
table 2
The dependence of the freezing temperature of the electrolyte from its density

Note. The lowest freezing temperatures are characterized by the electrolyte density of automotive batteries when they are fully charged.
The dependence of the voltage on the battery on the degree of its discharge is given in Table. 3.
Table 3.
The voltage on the battery depending on the degree of its discharge

Note. The electrolyte level should be higher than the upper edges of separators or safety plates.
-The recharge battery should be made after the electrolyte is removed from it. Monoblocks, covers, plugs after washing must be subject to defective.
Negative and positive electrodes are subject to repair at a sulfate less than 20%, arrogant for less than 3 mm, bite of the ears.
- Employees on the installation and charging of batteries are dealing with caustic acids and alkalis, which, with incorrect handling, can cause chemical body burns and eyes, organism poisoning (sulfuric acid at elevated concentrations in the air).
- During the charging of the batteries, hydrogen is highlighted, which lifters in the air very small splashes of electrolyte. The hydrogen content in the room can reach an explosive concentration, so without constant ventilation, the installation and charging of the batteries is prohibited.
- Employees employed on installation and charging batteries are required to know well and strictly fulfill the rules for the safe implementation of electrical and commissioning work outlined in the production instruction.
- Administration is obliged to create normal working conditions, to ensure the workplace necessary for the safe execution of work by means:
flowing tap water to wash off acid and alkali spray;
5% solution of drinking soda for neutralization of acid;
10% boric acid solution for alkali neutralization;
2% boric acid solution for washing the eyes.
- Before the start of the work, the master must try in action in force - exhaust ventilation, check the operation of heating (in winter) and lighting the premises of the battery and carry out employees production instrument in the workplace.
- Workers engaged in repairs and charging batteries, should know and perform:
Character and safe methods of work production;
the order of the passage to the location of the accumulator room;
the procedure for receiving and passing the keys from the accumulator room;
the procedure for switching on and off ventilation, stationary lighting;
Order of unloading and place of storage I am bottles with acid and distilled water;
the procedure for conducting gas electric welding work;
the order of molding batteries;
The main rules for assisting the victim and the location of neutralizing solutions;
The location of the nearest telephone and the procedure for calling emergency medical care, fire protection, head of work.
- Electrical installations leading battery mounting must have an electrical safety group not lower than III.
- The basic requirements for the accumulator room are shown in Table. four.
Table 4.
Basic requirements for the device of accumulator batteries

etc.................

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Introduction

1. General part

1.1 Purpose Purpose

1.2 Technological process of the site

1.3 Mode of Labor and Recreation Workers, Equipment Time Funds

1.4 Annual Production Program

1.5 annual work

1.6 Number of employees

1.7 selection of equipment for the site

2. Technological part

2.1 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe site

2.2 Calculation of electricity needs

2.3 Calculation of compressed air needs

2.4 Calculation of the need for water and steam

2.5 Device for removing covers Akb

2.6 Calculation of the number of batteries for charge

2.7 Planning solution

3. Organizational and economic part

3.1 Calculation of capital costs

3.2 Calculation of Economic Efficiency

3.3 Technical and economic indicators of the project

4. Labor protection

4.1 Requirements TB Ventilation, heating and lighting

4.2 Requirements TB Instrument, equipment and devices

4.3 Safety in the implementation of assembly works

4.4 Individual protection products used on site

Literature

Introduction

technological section Repair Battery

During the operation of the car, its reliability and other properties are gradually reduced due to the wear of parts, also corrosion and fatigue of the material from which they are made. A variety of faults appear in the car, which are eliminated at the same repair.

It is known that creating an equal machine, all the details of which would be even uniformly and had the same service life, it is impossible. Consequently, the repair of the car, even only by replacing some of its parts and aggregates, having a small resource, is always advisable and from an economic point of view. Therefore, during operation, cars are held on motor transport enterprises (ATP) periodic, and, if necessary, the current repair (TR), which is carried out by replacing individual parts and units refused to work. This allows you to support cars in a technically good condition.

With long-term operation, cars achieve a limit technical condition and they are sent to overhaul (CR) on an ARP. The task of major repairs is to restore the labor and resource lost by the car with optimal costs to the level of new or close to it.

The KR car has a large economic value and, therefore, nationality importance. The main source of economic efficiency of the Kyrgyz Republic is the use of the residual resource of their details. About 70-75% of the details of the cars underway to the first kr, have a residual resource and can be reused, or without repair, or after a small repair.

Thus, the main source of economic efficiency of the KR vehicles is the use of the residual resource of the details of the second and third groups.

The KR car allows you to maintain at a high level of the number of the country's automotive park.

1. a common part

1.1 Purposeplot

The site is designed to recharging, charging and repairing batteries.

In the practice of repairing batteries, the following defects are found: a decrease in the conical surface of the output in diameter due to wear when tightening the terminals, reflow or corrosion. Outlooking the withdrawal in the sleeve lid, breaking with an outlet or jumper and an electrode block, through ring and radial cracks around the conclusions, deformation or a breakdown of the thread at the filling neck of the cover or traffic jam, disruption of the knobs (brackets) for transporting batteries, sulfate electrodes (plates) , accelerated self-discharge, cracks in mastic and its detachment, the cracks of the monoblocks, the destruction of positive electrodes.

1.2 Technologicalprocess Plot

Rechargeable batteries come to the reservoir battery repair site from a disassembly area.

The batteries entered the repair, pre-wash the hot 3-5 percent solution of soda soda, applying a hair brush, after washing with cold water and wipe the rag.

Then there is an outdoor inspection of the batteries and check the voltage values \u200b\u200bof each battery with load and without load.

Looseness and cracks in acid-resistant battery mastic,

The electrolyte detectable to leakage is eliminated without disassembly. The slots are packaged (at an angle of 90-120 degrees) and poured hot mastic. In case of seeping the electrolyte around the pin, remove the mastic with a heated chisel in this place and the pin joints and lead sleeve in the lid are disappeared. Cracks in mastic on the lid are aligned with a heated metal plate.

Before disassembling the battery during repair, it is discharged with a current 1 / 20-1 / 15 of the rated capacity to a voltage of 1.5VB each battery. After that, the electrolyte is drained into a ceramic bath or in a glass bottle and washed with distilled water with a battery.

Then remove the jumpers, drilling them with a tubular mill or a drill with a diameter of 18 mm , and removed from the acid-resistant mastic covers, for which the surface of the battery, blocking mastic, is heated in a special electric reflective furnace; You can remove mastic with heated scrapers or electric heating blades. Cleaning covers removed by a special puller. Separate plates blocks can be removed from the tank using hand grips or ticks.

The faulty block kit can be removed from the tank without removing the jumper-extractor or ticks using the capture to hold the battery.

The disassembled battery is washed in wooden baths with water, dried, examine and determine the nature of the repair.

Wood charred separators are replaced, and myporovy and miplastic, non-mechanical damage, are used again.

The plates with a damaged grille, sworn, with cracks and swollen on the surface of the active mass sulfated, as well as the plate dropped from cells, separated from the Bartka, melting their ears in places of welding with Bartiek. The sword-free plates are smelted under the press between two wooden planks. Bloomred ears on the plates weld. When detecting in a block of one or several unsuitable plates, they are replaced by serviceable, but used. To detect cracks in the walls of the tank, it is filled with heated to 80-90 degrees Cleutta with water and are observed for seeding it.

The tightness of the walls of the tank can also be checked by their electrical conductivity. To do this, a weak aqueous solution of sulfuric acid is poured into the tank and installed it into the bath filled with the same solution. In the bath inside the tank, the electrodes are placed in which the current through the voltmeter is supplied with a voltage in 127-220. EXECUTIVE The tightness of the outer walls is not broken, the voltmeter arrow will remain on the zero division of the scale.

In the same way, the internal partitions of the immersion of the electrodes in adjacent tank compartments are checked.

Tanks with mechanical damage (chips, cracks or wovers of walls) are replaced or repaired depending on the material from which they are made. The collected blocks (positive and negative plates with the separators inserted between them) are checked by a short circuit voltmeter, then installed in the tank compartments. On each block, cover covers that are seal asbestos or rubber cord and pour the surface of the battery with mastic. The battery collected by the battery is filled with an electrolyte of the appropriate density cooled to 25-30 degrees.

The electrolyte is prepared from chemical pure sulfuric acid and distilled water in acid-resistant dishes. If the battery during repair was assembled from new plates, then after filling the electrolyte before charge, it is maintained for 4-5 hours. The battery collected from old plates, put on charge without exposure. The charge leads to the onset of intensive gas emission from electrolyte (boiling) with the established voltage on the pins of each can 2.6-2.75V. And the immutable density of electrolyte, which should maintain their values \u200b\u200bduring 2 hours. The electrolyte density at the end of the charge should be brought to the norm of 1.23 years and 1.27 winter.

1 .3 Labor mode I.time Fundsworkworkersequipment

The mode of operation of the site is determined by the number of working days a week - 5, the number of working days per year - 252, the number of workers shifts per day and the duration of the work shift - 8 hours on the basis of the operation modes of equipment and workers. There are two types of time funds: nominal and valid.

The nominal annual equipment fond of the equipment is called time in the clock, during which the equipment can operate at a given mode of operation.

F. but \u003d D. r H.t. (1.3.1.),

where d p \u003d 252 days - the number of working days a year,

t \u003d 8 hours - the duration of the work shift

F but \u003d 252 x 8 \u003d 2016 hour.

The nominal annual workfund can not be fully utilized, because There are inevitable downtime equipment in repairs and maintenance.

Valid (calculated) Annual Fund of Work Time Fly BC is the time in hours during which the equipment can be fully loaded by production work

F. before \u003d F. buth.P (1.3.2.),

where n \u003d 0,98 - the coefficient of use of equipment that takes into account simple equipment in repairs

F to \u003d 2016 x 0.98 \u003d 1776

The Annual Fund of the FRM workplace is a time in hours, during which the workplace is used, the numerical value of the annual nominal working space time fund is almost equal to the annual nominal facility of the equipment time of the equipment.

The nominal annual workstation of the working time of the working F of HP is equal to the work of the number of hours of work in shift on the number of working days per year.

Actual (calculated) Annual workfund of the work of one working FRD determines excluding from the nominal time fund that falls on the next vacation, the fulfillment of state duties, illness, etc.

Normated parameter	The value of the parameter
1. Width of passages in the light between batteries for service:
with one-sided location	Not less than 0.8 m
with double-sided location	Not less than 1.0 m
2. Distance from batteries to heating devices	Not less than 0.75 m
3. The distance between the current-time parts of the batteries, the voltage between which during normal operation (not when charging) exceeds 65 V:
at voltage up to 250 V	Not less than 0.8 m
at a voltage of more than 250 V	Not less than 1.0 m
4. Rated battery voltage at which wooden insulating grilles must be installed in the passages for maintenance
		Introduction The theme of my diploma project is "Organization of the battery workshop of a motor transportation enterprise by 370 ZIL-5301." The rechargeable workshop occupies an important place in the general technological process of ATP. Inheritance from the former USSR of Russia, a relatively powerful infrastructure of vehicles with an extensive system for planning the organization of transportation and operating service with a fairly modern technological basis for the repair of PS AT was obtained. However, a significant increase in the efficiency of the transportation process, while simultaneously reducing the cost of transportation, it was not enough - the search for new optimal solutions is required, especially in the conditions of the transition of the entire economy to market relations. Privatization and incorporation of former ATPs with full or partial transmission to private ownership, including the PS, demanded to make significant changes in the organization of the transportation process and to the organization of the repair service. Subjected to significant changes, both in quantitative and qualitatively, the control structure itself. Thus, for example, the former Ministry of AT and the highways of the Russian Federation entered the Joint Department of Transport, whose work is aimed at combining efforts, previously broken modes of transport and the creation of a single transport system that meets the modern requirements of the market economy. However, it should be noted that the previously accumulated and well-established basic provisions of operation, maintenance and repair of PS AT remained unchanged, not counting individual "cosmetic" innovations. As before, a powerful lever increase the efficiency of vehicles in general is the mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes of the repair service in ATP with the introduction of new technologies, garage equipment (including foreign firms). For the implementation of the tasks, the domestic industry, despite the complex economic situation, continues to expand the nomenclature of the produced garage equipment for almost all types of work and, first of all, to fulfill labor-intensive operations. A significant role in increasing the productivity of repair workers, and consequently, in reducing the cost of work, the streaming method is reduced, and in the zones of specialized posts (in addition to universal), the introduction of an aggregate method of repair, when instead of defective components and aggregates on a / m immediately They put pre-renovated from the revolving fund - this allows dramatically to reduce the simple vehicle in the repair. In auxiliary workshops, a significant effect gives the use of route technology, which reduces the irrational costs of working time. An even greater value will be attached to the corresponding types of diagnosis, because In addition to the rapid and accurate detection of various failures and malfunctions, it allows you to predict a possible resource of the activities of a / m without repair, which generally facilitates the optimal volume of work in advance, and this, in turn, allows you to establish the clarity of the organization of all links ATP repair service, including supply issues. The experience of using diagnostics in ATP indicates a significant decrease in emergency situations on the line for technical reasons and on significant economy of production resources - up to 10-15%. The implementation of the tasks in front of the ATP repair service will allow, besides these positive moments, to increase the total production culture, create optimal sanitary and hygiene conditions for workers. Another direction in increasing the efficient operation of vehicles is the production of manufacturers and introduction to the transportation process of a fundamentally new type of PS - from powerful car tractors for long-distance transportation to mini-trucks of various types with high maneuverability for cities (for example, "Gazelle", "bulls" ). The implementation of the outlined activities will undoubtedly allow the transport process more quickly and in a larger volume to carry out the transport process when servicing the population and various parts of the Russian Federation, while reducing the cost of transport services, which will make it possible to make motor vehicles cost-effective, meets modern requirements. 1 Organization of the technological process in the accumulator shop of the road transport The battery compartment performs repair, charging and recharging acb. In many major auto farms, the specialists of this department are produced by the AKB at TU-1 and TO-2. In accordance with the technology of service and repair of AKB and modern requirements for production in the workshop in especially large auto believes, the premises of the department are divided into reception, storage and repair departments (acid and charger). The acid compartment is intended for storage in glass bottles of sulfuric acid and distilled water, as well as for the preparation and storage of electrolyte, for which a lead or a faience bath is used. It is installed on a wooden table laid out by lead. For safety reasons for spilling acid, bottles are installed in special devices. A faulty battery is received to the reception room. It is monitored from the technical condition and determines the maintenance of maintenance and repair work. Next, depending on the state, they come to repair or recharging. Battery repair is usually carried out using finished parts (plates, separators, tanks). After repair, the battery is filled with electrolyte and enters the room for charging batteries. The charged battery returns to the car from which it was removed or entered into a revolving fund. Akb is usually assigned to cars. To do this, the garage number a / m is installed on the battery jumpers. In medium or small autoras, the battery compartment is usually located in two rooms. In one, the reception and repair of the batteries are carried out, and the electrolyte and charging of the batteries are carried out in the other. 2 Calculation of the production program Source Data for Design Initial data Legend Data taken to the calculation Units 1. Mark car __ ZIL 5301Pu __ 2. List number a / m A C. 370 pC. 3. average daily car mileage 1 ss 90 km. 4. Number of days of work in the year ATP D Rgp 305 dN. 5. Number of battery work work days D de 305 dN. 6. Category of operation __ III __ 7. Duration of release and return to the park __ 3 hour. Notes: 1. The number of rechargeable workshop operations for planning purposes according to the technical school method is accepted equal to 305 days. 3 Adjustment of the frequency TO. AND Mileage to major repairs Rights standards Correct based on the following factors: 2. The coefficient of K 2, which takes into account the modification of rolling stock, accept the table. №3 "Appendices" is equal to 2 \u003d 1.0; 3. The coefficient to 3, taking into account the natural climatic conditions, for our central zone on the table. №3 "Appendices" accept - K 3 \u003d 1.0. Resulting coefficients for adjustment We accept the following: 1) For periodicity, then - to that \u003d K 1 * K 3 \u003d 0.8 * 1.0 \u003d 0.8 2) for the mileage to the cap. repair - to kr \u003d K 1 * to 2 * K 3 \u003d 0.8 * 1.0 * 1.0 \u003d 0.8 Periodicity standards are (for new models of cars, for the I operating category) take from Table. №1 "Applications", and standards of an interremmer mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic from Table. №2. 1. We produce a mileage adjustment to TO-1: L 1 \u003d k to * h 1 \u003d 0.8 * 3000 \u003d 2400 km 2. Correct Mileage to TO-2: L 2 \u003d k to * H 2 \u003d 0.8 * 12000 \u003d 9600 km 3. Correct Mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic (cycle): L c \u003d to cr * n kr \u003d 0.8 * 300000 \u003d 240000 km 4 Definition of the manufacturing program BY That AND Kr PER CYCLE For the cycle we take mileage before the cr NOTE: Since all planning in ATP is conducted for a year, it is necessary for the production program for the cycle to translate to the annual program for the entire rolling stock of ATP; For this purpose, we predetermine the technical readiness coefficients (A TG), the use of car park (A and) and transition from the cycle by year (| d). 5 Definition of technical readiness coefficient The coefficient of technical readiness is determined taking into account the operation of a / m per cycle (D EC) and the downtime of the car at the repair of the operation cycle (DC). Name of indicators, formulas Payment Account indicators Technical readiness coefficient: A TG \u003d D ETS / D EC + D RC, 2667/2667+68 a TG \u003d 0.97 where D RC is simple for the cycle at that and repair: D RC \u003d D K + L C / 1000 * D Or * Wed, 8 + 240000/1000 * 0,25 Dts \u003d 68 days. D to - Simple in the Kyrgyz Republic on ARZ, in Table. №4 "Applications" accept - d K \u003d 16 days, In view of the centralized delivery of a car with ARZ, for planners. idle rate reduce by 50% D K \u003d 8 days. D OR * Wed - a specific simple in T. and TP per 1000 km of mileage, according to the table. №4 "Appendices" accept - d and * cp \u003d 0.5 days, In connection with the partial holding of TR and TR in intersdency, you can also reduce by 50% D Or * cf \u003d 0.25 days. D EC - the number of days of operation of the car for the cycle: d ez \u003d n eotz \u003d l c / l ss 240000/90 D etz \u003d 2667 days. 6 Definition of the Park Usage Coefficient This coefficient is determined, taking into account the number of days of work of the Park in the year - D RSP (on the task) by the formula: a \u003d a tg * d Rgp / 365 \u003d 0.97 * 305/365 \u003d 0.81 7 Determination of the number of AND TO R As mentioned above, this coefficient is determined in order to transfer the cyclic production program for the annual: n r \u003d a and * 365 / d etz \u003d 0.81 * 365/2667 \u003d 0.11. Determination of the number of AND TO R around the park for the year Note. Calculation Indicators - N of KRG, N 2G, N 1G, N Jog - round up to integer numbers. Determination of the quantity then in the park per day Note. 1. Calculation indicators - N 2Sut, N 1Cut, N EO Sut - round up to integer numbers. 2. Since ZONE-1 and TO-2 in most ATPs on Saturdays and Sundays and on holidays do not function, and the EO zones act as much as the entire park works, i.e. D RG zone EO \u003d D RGP Park (on task). We accept: D RG zone TO-2 \u003d 305 days. D RG zone TO-1 \u003d 305 days. D RG zone eo \u003d 305 days. 8 Determination of the annual laboriousness of work work The annual labor-intensity of work for workshops and departments of ATP is taken as a share of the total labor-intensity of works on TR for the entire fleet, and that, in turn, is determined by the formula: T Tr \u003d L GP * T Tr, where: L GP is the total annual mileage of the entire rolling stock of ATP (in thousands of km); t tr - the specific labor intensity of tr, is given for every 1000 km of the flea of \u200b\u200bcars and trailers of parks; L GP - Determine by the formula: L GP \u003d 365 * A and * L CC * a C \u003d 365 * 0.81 * 90 * 370 \u003d 9845145 km. t Tr - take from table. №5 "Applications" and accept - t Tr \u003d 4.8 people-hour. Because These standards are given for the main basic models of new cars, for the I category of operation - it is necessary to adjust Tel tel, taking into account the correction coefficients - to 1, to 2, to 3, etc., and we take their values \u200b\u200bfrom the "Applications" tables to adjust "Laboriousness", not "runs", as before. K 1 is a coefficient that takes into account the category of operating conditions. K 2 is a coefficient that takes into account the modification of rolling stock. By 3 - coefficient, taking into account the natural climatic conditions. By 4 - a coefficient characterizing the fleet of car park from the beginning of operation (from the table. No. 3 "applications"), and conventionally accept equal to 1. K 5 is a coefficient characterizing the size of ATP and, therefore, its technical equipment, we take from table. №3 "Applications". Now we determine the resulting coefficient for the correction of HDDTRUKOSKOST - CTR, according to the formula: K TR \u003d K 1 * K 2 * K 3 * K 4 * K 5 \u003d 1.2 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 0.8 \u003d 1.02. We produce the adjustment of the specific regulatory complexity T Tr: t ¢ Tr \u003d T Tr * K Tr \u003d 4.8 * 1.02 \u003d 4.9 people-hour. We determine the annual labor intensity of the TP on the above formula: T Tr \u003d L GP / 1000 * T ¢ Tr \u003d 9845145/1000 * 4,9 \u003d 48241 people-hour. We determine the share of works from Tel, coming to the battery shop on Table. №8 "Applications". Share off \u003d 0.03. We determine the annual labor intensity of workpages for the ATP rechargeable workshop by the formula: T r off \u003d T Tr * Share Depth. \u003d 48241 * 0.03 \u003d 1447 people. All indicators of annual labor-intensities are rounded to integer numbers. Since the organization of work in the department is planned to with me, taking into account the latest NIIAT recommendations, with the introduction of the basic provisions of notes, using new models of garage equipment, labor productivity in the department will increase at least 10%, and the labor productivity increment factor will be: Then the projected annual labor-intensity of work in the workshop will be: T ¢ r dep. \u003d T g off. * To pp \u003d 1447 * 0.9 \u003d 1303 people-hour. The released annual labor intensity due to the planned increase in labor productivity (compared with generally accepted existing standards) - will be: T g. \u003d T g off. - T ¢ r off. \u003d 1447 - 1303 \u003d 144 people-hour. 9 Determination of the number of workers in the battery workshop We determine the number of technologically necessary workers (number of jobs) by the formula: R T \u003d T ¢ R off. / F M \u003d 1303/2070 \u003d 0.6 people. I accept: p T \u003d 1 people, where F M is a valid workplace fund (taking into account the number of days of work in the year of separation and duration of the shift), according to Table. №10 "Applications" of methodical manual accept: F M \u003d 2070 people-hour. Determine the regular (list) number of workers: P Ш \u003d t ¢ r off. / F p \u003d 1303/1820 \u003d 0.7 people, where F R is a valid working time fund, taking into account holidays, diseases, etc., we accept the table. №10 "Applications" - F p \u003d 1820 people-hour. Thus, the staff number of work offices finally accept: p sh \u003d 2 people. Note: Based on the technological necessity and work experience, I take p sh \u003d 2 people. 10 Definition of the production area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop We define the total area in terms of equipment and organizational equipment, according to the formula: F sum \u003d f ¢ sum + f ¢¢ sum \u003d 1,697 + 14,345 \u003d 16.042. The estimated area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop is determined by the formula: F workshop \u003d F sum * to pl \u003d 16,042 * 3,5 \u003d 56,147, To the PL - the density density coefficient for this workshop, given the specifics and safety of work; To the pl. We take from table. №11 "Applications" equal to 3.5. Considering that new buildings and premises are usually built with a grid of multiple - 3 m, and the most common workshop dimensions are: 6 * 6, 6 * 9, 6 * 12, 9 * 9, 9 * 12, 9 * 24, etc . - I take the size of the workshop equal to - 6 * 9 m. Then the area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop will be 54 m 2. Vedomost to a selection of technological equipment shop No. p / p Name number Gabrit. Dimensions (mm) Square in terms of (total) m 2 Energy intensity (general) kW Brand or model 1 Transformer 1 400'200 0,080 20 purchased welding 2 Electropolothene 1 200'150 0,030 0,6 purchased 3 Rectifier 2 500'400 0,400 2,13 WAGZ 120-60 4 Power Shield 1 300'150 0,045 ____ purchased 5 Electrodistiller 1 150'150 0,022 3 DE-6. 6 Installation for cooking 1 1400'800. 1,120 ____ development electrolyte SKB AMT 7 Electrode for 1 500'200 0,100 2 development serving ptyores SKB AMT 8 Clamps for sublection 2 150'150 0,045 ____ purchased plates 9 Electric gel for 1 200'200. 0,040 20 purchased lead 10 Installation for distribution 1 900'900 0,810 ____ development electrolyte SKB AMT Vedomost to a selection of organizational equipment workshop No. p / p Name Number Gabrit. Dimensions (mm) Square in terms of (total) m 2 Type, model 1 Rack with exhaust 2 1500'800. 2,4 OG-04-LLC for charging batteries 2 Rack for specials. Charging 1 1000'800. 0,8 owns. batteries made. 3 Section cabinet for 1 600'300 0,18 owns. impregnation battery with hood made. 4 Bath for draining electrolyte 1 1000'1000 1,00 PA-03-LLC 5 Workbench for disassembling acb 1 1200'300. 0,36 E-403. 6 Little Flask for Lead 1 150'300. 0,045 owns. Added. 7 Combined Wipe Bath 1 1500'300 0,45 development of SKB AMT. 8 Plate prelection workbench 1 1000'300 0,3 owns. Added. 9 Battery build workshop 1 1200'300. 0,36 owns. Added. 10 Sectionable cabinet 1 600'300 0,18 owns. Added. 11 Rack trolley for 1 1350'600 0,81 development spare parts and materials SKB AMT 12 Fish for lead waste 1 600'600 0,36 development sealed SKB AMT 13 Rack for batteries 2 1200'400. 0,96 E-405. 14 Box for garbage 2 400'200 0,16 purchased 15 Interior bedside table 1 600'600 0,36 purchased 16 Table stationery 1 1200'500 0,6 purchased 17 Table for control of acb 1 1200'600 0,72 owns. Added. 18 Cabinet for rectifiers 1 1200'600 0,72 owns. Added. 19 Trolley for transportation 2 700'400. 0,56 owns. Added. batteries 20 Household bedside table 1 700'700. 0,49 purchased 21 Trolley for transportation 1 1150'756 0,87 P-206. acids in bottle 22 Installation table for 1 1000'700 0,7 owns. Added. distribution of electrolyte 23 Acopa bottle 2 600'600 0,72 purchased 24 Sink 1 400'600 0,24 purchased Vedomost to a selection of technological equipment shop 11 Proposed Organization of Technological Process The rechargeable workshop in my project has dimensions - 6 * 9 and, accordingly, area is 54 m 2. Since there are zones with specific working conditions in the workshop, I propose to divide the workshop for four compartments: 1. Department "Reception and Control" 3.3 * 2.9 9.57 m 2 2. "Repair compartment" 6.1 * 3.7 22.57 m 2 3. "Charging Department" 4.8 * 2.7 12.96 m 2 4. "Acid compartment" 2.2 * 4.1 9.02 m 2 Separate workshops offer to carry out with the help of highly efficient ventilating transparent partitions (development of SCB Mc). The floor in all branches should be laid out by the Metlah tiles, the color of the walls of the unrear color. The bottom of the walls I suggest lay out with a tile at a height of 1.5 m. In the neighborhood with the battery workshop, a zone of TO-2, electrical and carburetor workshop, as the most popular for the technological process used in ATP, should be located. "Acid" branch should have an independent output to the street. Faulty batteries come from the T-2 zone according to the roller, connecting the Zones to 2 and the rechargeable workshop, to the post of reception and control of the batteries, where the batteries are specified. Then the batteries are transported on the cart, or in the "charging" department for recharging, or in the "repair" branch for the necessary works for the tri batteries. In the "repair" department, all equipment is located in the order of promoting work on repairing batteries, i.e. The directional route technology is being introduced (Developing SCB Mc). To reduce unnecessary transitions and to increase productivity throughout the battery repair line, rolled rolling. Waste, obtained during repair, are stored in hermetic lari for waste (development of SCB Mc). All Zap. Parts and materials are brought on a special trolley - rack (development of SKB AMT). Renovated batteries also come through through rolling rolling in the workshop (separation) of charging and refueling batteries. Charging and impregnation is performed using a special installation for electrolyte distribution (the manufacture of electrolyte is produced in the "acid" compartment, where a special installation for the preparation of electrolyte is also applied). Ready-to-use batteries are stored on the shelving for storing batteries, from where they come again to the Zone-2 zone to install them on the car. Not belonging to the repair of the battery are exported from the workshop. 12 Major Tasks for the implementation of energy-saving technologies and economic activities in ATP Environmental protection from the harmful effects of AT is carried out in many directions, some of which should be the field of activities of graduates of motor vehicles and which I planned to implement in my project. Currently, more than 30 standards for environmental measures are developed and everywhere. In particular, the commissioning of ATP (and other industrial objects) is not allowed until the end of their construction and testing and dusty-grades and devices. The harmful effects of AT on the environment occurs in two directions: 1) direct negative effects of vehicles on the environment associated with emissions of a huge number of harmful toxic substances into the atmosphere and with increased noise from the work of a / m on the line; 2) indirect effect comes from the organization and operation of ATP for maintenance and repair of a / m, parking garages, fuel-gas stations, etc., occupying a large and annually increasing area necessary for human life and, first of all, in Damage large cities - megacities. According to environmental organizations in Moscow, about 90% of all emissions of harmful toxic substances fall on at. Due to the increasing energy deficit, a whole complex of introduction in the production of energy-saving technologies was developed, incl. For ATP. In connection with the foregoing, I propose the creation of modern production that meets the environmental requirements with the device of a modern system of supply and exhaust ventilation with the introduction of a system of dust collectors, gas trap filters, etc. In ATP, in general, modern diagnostics should be implemented using high-precision electronic devices, etc. For timely detection of a / m with a faulty power system, ignition, etc., whose work parameters do not meet environmental requirements, as well as the creation of appropriate workshops, posts and jobs to eliminate faults in these systems (by carrying out the necessary adjustments, replace faulty nodes and parts, etc.). In order to save electricity for lighting during the daytime at posts and repair and at workplaces in the auxiliary workshops, we offer to maximize the use of natural lighting by creating modern widescreen window openings, and in the upper part of the production buildings - "lights" of daylight lighting of a large area. Accordingly, the equipment is made in the workshops (so as not to heat the light stream) and the location of the posts with a / m. I offer for each post and workplace to develop an optimal technological mode of work to minimize the time to carry out operations and thereby reduce the consumption of electricity and materials. All energy consumers, ranging from lamps of artificial lighting and ending with electric power plants, stands and appliances, must be equipped with automation elements to disconnect them from the network at the end of work. To maintain heat in the Remzones (and, therefore, in the workshops), they should be equipped with a gate with a mechanized discovery and a heat curtain with the lower arrangement (one of the best types of gates is recognized as the gate of the folding type with a vertical lift). In the EO ATP zone with posts for car wash, I propose to place a system for repeated (multiple) use of water, with the introduction of the latest sewage facilities like "Crystal", etc. Mechanized installations in the zone must be equipped at the inlet and departure from the post flexible command protrolters with sensors to automatically turn on-shutdown installations, which will also give great savings. This is only part of an environmental and energy-saving events that I propose to implement in my project. 13 Modern production requirements in the workshop To improve the quality of repair and improving the productivity of workers, I offer the following activities in my project: 1. The widespread introduction of relevant diagnostic types; This allows you to dramatically reduce the time for maintaining specific faults and identify possible resources of no repair. 2. The introduction of advanced methods for organizing the production of progressive technology. 3. In order to increase productivity, the quality of work and the total culture of production in the workshop, to introduce the directional route technology developed by SKB AMT (at the same time, non-rational transitions of workers are reduced to a minimum, the technological process occurs, taking into account the most modern requirements). 4. I propose periodically, by PTO employees, to conduct a timing at workplaces in order to compare the time spent with generally accepted standards to identify unreasonable reserves and the reasons for increasing these norms. 5. In order to improve the working conditions of workers, I propose a number of sanitary and hygienic measures (cleanliness of premises, good ventilation, good lighting, installation of soundproofing partitions, maintenance of artificial climate). 14 Map passport for workplace Square room S \u003d 54 m 2 Filling coefficient equipment N \u003d 3.5 The number of workers in shift P \u003d 2 people. Air temperature T \u003d 18 - 20 ° C Relative humidity 40 - 60% Air speed 0.3 - 0.4 m / s Work in the battery workshop refers to the category of work of moderate severity. Energy consumption 232 - 294 Connection of harmful substances 15 Lights Natural lighting with top and upper unit lighting e \u003d 4%, with lateral lighting Artificial lighting general E \u003d 200 LCs, Combined lighting E \u003d 500 LC. Noise level J \u003d 80 dB at a frequency of 1000 Hz. 16 events On TB Workers employed by repair of batteries and their service constantly have contacts with harmful substances (pairs of lead, sulfuric acid), which, under certain conditions or improper treatment, can lead to injury or poisoning of the body. In addition, when charging the battery, a chemical reaction occurs, as a result of which allocated free hydrogen mixed with oxygen mixed in any proportions and fleece gas is formed, exploding not only from fire, but also from compression. In this regard, the accumulator workshop of ATP should consist of three compartments: "repair", "charger", "acid". The charging department should have a direct exit to the street or in a common repair box. The floor in the battery workshop should be or asphalted or laid out by Metlah tiles. All workers should use overalls and protective equipment. Akb, weighing more than 20 kg, you need to carry on the trolley, excluding falling. When carrying the battery you need to use various devices (so as not to bleed the electrolyte). It is necessary to prepare the electrolyte in specials. Withouts, pumped first distilled water, and then acid. You can overflow with the help of specialists. Purve manual acid and pour water into it - forbidden! When preparing an electrolyte, it is necessary to strictly follow the TB rules. Bottles with acid or with electrolyte move in warehouses only with the help of specials with bottles fixation. Tubes made of dense rubber should fit tightly to the surface of the bottle neck. For a long time to store bottles with acid in the battery workshop. Charge control is carried out only by charging devices (load plugs, hydrometers, glass intake tubes). At the same time, the battery is obliged to wear rubber gloves. It is forbidden to check the charge of the battery with a short circuit. In the battery workshop, the stays of persons who do not work in the workshop are prohibited (except for attendants - at night). When entering the battery workshop, it is necessary to install the sink, a kites with a first-aid kit, an electric fiber, on the bedside table should be kept on the finished soda solution (5-10%). A neutralizing solution is made to flush the eye (2-3%). If an acid or electrolyte is hit to open parts of the body, it is necessary to wash this section of the body immediately: first with a neutralizing solution, and then water with an alkaline soap. The electrolyte, spilled on the rack or table, is removed by a rag moistened in the neutralizing solution. In the battery workshop, it is forbidden to eat and water. After completing the work, the workers are recommended to take the shower using alkaline soap, and then a regular toilet. All tools, trolleys, fixtures must be working. In the department in prominent places it is necessary to post posters with visual agitation on TB. When entering, it is necessary to post general requirements for TB. Workers must pass to TB tools at least once a year. Special attention should be paid to ventilation. It is made separately from the ventilation of the entire enterprise. Made exhaust cabinets for drawing with racks. Ventilation is an explosive suction at the top, feeding from below. The charged air panels are installed along the baths for the preparation of electrolyte. The amount of air removed is at least 2.5 volumes of 1 hour. Local ventilation is installed at workplaces: for melting lead and workbenches for assembling and disassembling AKB. 17 Fire Activities By fire hazard, the battery workshop refers to the category "D", and the "charger" separation refers to the category "A" (especially unait). Therefore, in the department, it is necessary to strictly follow all fire safety rules for the specified categories. In the "Charging" department of the door should be opened out and go out. Ventilation in the "charging" department (due to the release of hydrogen during charge) should provide 6-8 multiple exchange; In "repair" - 2-3 multiple. In the separation of all lamps in gas-permeable fittings. Open lighting is performed by a refined wire. In the charging compartment, it is forbidden to install switches, plug sockets, electrical heaters, rectifier devices. On each site, without fail, there should be a fire extinguisher, both foam and carbon dioxide (OP and OU). I provide for installing chargers (rectifiers) in special hermetic cabinets (with extractor) from durable glass and place them in the reception and control unit. In addition to the fire notice consultation, I propose to install thermal detectors of maximum action (IP-104, IP-105), in the "charging" department, install an automatic gas analyzer with alarm system, as well as smoking sensors associated with the central control panel of ATP. I propose to install primary fire extinguishing tools in each compartment: 1. Foam fire extinguisher OKH-10 - 2 pcs. 2. Air-foam fire extinguisher OVP-10 - 2 pcs. 3. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2 - 2 pcs. 4. Box with sand - 0.5 cubic meters - 1 pc. 5. Shovel - 1 pc. 18 Fire safety Connect the clips of the battery with a wire "twist" - it is forbidden !!! Charge care control is carried out by special devices. Check the battery short circuit - prohibited !!! Use a different type "tees" and connect to a socket more than one consumer - forbidden !!! For inspection of the battery, portable electrolympics are used, with explosion-proof voltage of not more than 42 V. PROHIBITED: Enter the battery workshop with open fire (matches, cigarettes, etc.); Use in the battery workshop with electric heating devices; Keep bottles with acid (they need to be stored in a special room); Jointly store and charge acidic and alkaline batteries; Staying outsiders indoors. 19 Equipment Appointment design The bowman is designed to reversal batteries when washing or draining the electrolyte. Significantly facilitates the work on the above operations. Construction of the backwater The tanker consists of a platform 3, on which two racks 2. The platform has four wheels 5, two of which are welded by brackets 4 to the platform 3, and the other two can rotate around the vertical axis 12, since The bracket is welded to the bearings of the node, which provides when transporting a tanker to the separation of turning, and not just a straight movement. At the top of the racks 2, bearing nodes are installed, in which the semi-axes are rotated. The lodge has a window for installing a battery. The battery is fastened with the help of presses. Lental with the installed battery can be rotated to any angle manually. At the same time, the flywheel 7 will be fixed at the angles of rotation 90, 180, in order to release the lock of the flywheel, it is necessary to pull onto the flywheel, when fixing - it is necessary to let it go and, under the action of the spring, it will return to his place. 1. The battery (AKB) is placed in the lodgment of the back coat on the left side of the movement. 2. Before working on a plum of electrolyte, it is necessary to exclude spontaneous movement of the backguard, for this it will be stopped by screw jacks located on the platform on the right and to the left of the rack with the flywheel. 3. In order to flip acb and pour electrolyte or water, you need to pull the flywheel perpendicular to the vertical plane. The flywheel comes out of the engagement with the lock and can be rotated clockwise to any angle. 4. To stroke the rotation of the AKB at the corner of 90 and 180, it is enough to release the flywheel. 5. To return the battery to the original position, work under item "3", but rotating the flywheel counterclockwise. Calculation of the design of the main nodes Initial data: P \u003d 10 kg - force acting on the spring. D \u003d 12 mm - the diameter of the spring. l \u003d 13 mm - springs stretching. [T] \u003d 150 kg / cm 2 - Maximum tangent voltage. 1. I define the diameter of the wire - D 2. I define the number of springs turns - N, where: G - second-order elastic module G \u003d 0.4 * E \u003d 0.4 * 2 * 10 6 \u003d 8 * 10 5 kg / cm 2 E - Module of elasticity of the first order (Jung Module) E \u003d 2 * 10 6 kg / cm 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: 1. Type - Mobile, with manual drive 2. Overall dimensions, mm - 980 * 600 * 1020 3. Mass, kg - 60 4. Rotation - manually 1) T \u003d 8PD / PD 3; D \u003d 3 Ö8PD / P [T] \u003d 3 Ö8 * 10 * 12 / 3.14 * 150 \u003d 2 mm. 2) L \u003d 8pd 3 * N / G * D 4; n \u003d l * gd 4 / 8p * d 3 \u003d 13 * 8 * 10 5 * 0.2 4/8 * 10 * 1,2 3 \u003d 10 turns. List of used literature 1. Epifanov L.I. "Methodological manual for course design That car ". Moscow 1987. 2. Kogan E.I. Khaikin V.A. "Labor Protection at Automobile Transport Enterprises". Moskva "Transport" 1984. 3. Sukhanov B.N. Borshi I.O. Bedarev Yu.F. "Maintenance and repair of cars". Moskva "Transport" 1985. 4. Kramarenko G.V. Barashkov I.V. "Maintenance of cars". Moskva "Transport" 1982. 5. Rumyantsev S.I. "Repair of cars". Moskva "Transport" 1988. 6. Rodin Yu.A.Saburov L.M. "The Reference Manual of the Author Repair". Moskva "Transport" 1987.

Elements of Time	unit of measurement	Accepted data
Calendar Time
Weekend
Holidays
Nominal time
Planned nebody, total
Regular vacation
By illness
For valid reasons
Working time
Duration of working shift
Annual Nominal Time Fund
Annual valid
Student Vacation

1.4 Annual production program

Annual production site production program is determined by the magnitude of the annual production program of the auto repair enterprise, specified in the task of the graduation design and is:

ford F-250-150 cars.

car IVECO 138E18-150 pieces.

The auto repair company is intended to carry out the overhaul of trucks of different models. Therefore, to simplify the calculations, its production program leads to consideration to one model adopted for the basic model.

The presented production program of the site is determined by the formula:

N PR \u003d N + N1 to m (pcs)

where n \u003d 150 pcs. - an annual production program for the capital repairs of Ford F-250- 150 pcs, adopted for the main model;

N1 \u003d 150 pcs. - Annual production program for the capital repairs of IVECO 138E18- 150 pcs.

To m \u003d 1.75 - the coefficient of bringing the labor intensity of the Ford F-250 car to the IVECO 138E18 car adopted for the basic model;

then n ode \u003d 150 + 150 1.75 \u003d 412 (pieces)

1.5 Annual volume of work

Under the annual work is understood to be the time you need to spend the production workers to implement the annual production program. Annual work is the annual labor intensity of the repair of certain products and is expressed in man-hours.

The working capacity of products is called the time you need to spend the production workers directly to produce this product. The complexity is expressed in man-hours under which the regulatory time is understood under the current planning standards.

The diploma design uses the integrated time norms obtained on the basis of the analysis of existing projects for the reference conditions of the production annual program of the above capital repairs of 200 purchases. In a production program, which differs from reference conditions, the regulatory capacity is adjusted by the formula:

t \u003d T n to 1 to 2 to 3 (person-hour)

where t n \u003d 10.73 people .- Regulatory labor intensity of the repair of aggregates;

By the 1-coefficient of consideration, depending on the annual production program, is determined by the formula:

K 1 \u003d KN 2 + [KN 1 - KN 2] / N 2 - N 1 x (N 2 -N)

at n 1 \u003d 3000 kn 1 \u003d 0.95 from the table

N 2 \u003d 4000 KN 2 \u003d 0.9 N PR \u003d 3400

then K1 \u003d 0.9 +

K2 is the coefficient of consideration correction factor, which takes into account the multi-models of the repaired car units (with carburetor and diesel engines). \u003d 1.05 of.

K3 - Correction Correction Coefficient, taking into account the structure of the plant's production program (the ratio of capital repairs of full-digit cars and sets of aggregates, with a ratio of 1: 0) \u003d 1.03

then T \u003d 10.73 0.95 1.05 1.03 \u003d 11.03 (person-hour)

Annual work is determined by the formula:

T year \u003d t n pr (person)

where T \u003d 11.03 (person-hour) is the complexity per unit of work for one car;

N PR \u003d 412 - annual presented production program for capital repairs;

then t year \u003d 11.03 412 \u003d 4544 (person)

1.6 Number of workers

The composition of working distinguishes the list and uncertain.

The list is the full composition of working on the lists in the enterprise, including both actually to work and missing for a valid reason (by illness, in labor leave, business trip, etc.)

Jaws are the composition of the working, actually to work.

The number of workers produced is determined by the formula:

T jav \u003d t year / fh hp (person)

T SP \u003d T Year / From (person)

where t java is a series of production workers;

T SP - the list of production workers;

T year \u003d 4544 (person-hour) - annual labor intensity of repair work;

F HP \u003d 2016 Hour - Annual Nominal Fund of Working Time;

FR \u003d 1776 Hour - Annual Actual Working Time Fund;

then T JV \u003d 4544/2016 \u003d 2.25 (people)

T SP \u003d 4544/1776 \u003d 2.55 (person)

Calculation of the number of production workers we will reduce in Table 2.

table 2

Calculation statement of production workers

Name of works	Labor intensity per unit, person	Annual amount - in Pop repair	Annual work, person-hour	Annual Time Foundation	Number of operating
					estimated	adopted
				F. NR	F. Dr.	T. I'M IN	T. SP	T. I'M IN	T. SP
Repair of batteries

In addition to production workers, employed directly in operations on the production of main products (overhaul of the aggregates) on the site there are also auxiliary workers engaged in maintenance service. These include workers, tools, handymen, etc.

The number of auxiliary workers is determined from the list of production workers according to the formulas:

T VSA \u003d P1 T SP (person)

where p1 \u003d 0.25? 0.35 - percentage of auxiliary workers;

T VS \u003d 0.26 2.55 \u003d 0.66

take T VSP \u003d 0.66 people.

The list of production and auxiliary workers is distributed by professions and discharges. The discharge of the workers are prescribed according to the tariff-qualification directories depending on the nature and complexity of the work performed on the site.

We accept: Production workers - a mechanic for repairing AKB 6 discharge - 1 person;

5 discharge - 1 person;

total: 2 people.

auxiliary workers - handymen 2 discharge - 1 person;

transportual 3 discharge - 1.

total: 2 people.

The average discharge of the workshops is determined by the formula:

where M1? M6 - the number of working relevant discharge;

R1? R6 - discharges workers;

then R. CP. =

The obtained data on the list of production and auxiliary workers will bring in Table 3

Table 3.

The list of production and auxiliary workers

Profession workers	Total	The number of workers
		by shifts	by discharge
Production workers:
fitter for repair
auxiliary workers:
handyman
transport worker

The number of engineering and technical workers, employees and younger service personnel are determined as a percentage of the total number of production and auxiliary workers in the formula:

where n i \u003d 0.1 is the percentage of engineering and technical workers;

then: M i \u003d 0.13 (2 + 2) \u003d 0.52

Take three (1) wizard.

The data obtained on the total composition of those operating on the site we will bring in table. four.

Table 4.

Composition of working plot

Name of groups of working	Number of operating	middle discharge workers	justification of the calculation
	total	in the first greatest shift
Auxiliary workers				30% of the number of main workers
Total workers
Engineering and technical workers and employees				10% of all workers
Total working

1.7. Selection of equipment for the site

Table 5.

equipment identification	Brand type	Number of	Set power	Gabarits.	Footprint
Flask for waste
Varstak for repair AKB
Bath for draining electrolyte
Rack for AKB
Sharpening machine.
Mobile washing bath
AcB charge rack
Flooring workbench with lead and mastic swimming equipment
Cabinet for materials
Boring machine
Hydraulic press
Wrapping
Electric distiller
Rack for bottles
Bath for the preparation of electrolyte
TOTAL:			14 ,7		1 8,52

2. Technological part

2.1 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe site

The production area of \u200b\u200bthe site is determined by a detailed method on the floor area, occupied by the equipment and inventory and the coefficient of transition from the area of \u200b\u200bequipment and inventory to the area of \u200b\u200bthe site, which takes into account the workplaces before the equipment and elements of the building, followed by the refinement of the area after the planning solution of the site.

The production area of \u200b\u200bthe site is determined by the formula:

F y \u003d f O · K n [m 2]

where f o \u003d 18.52 m 2 - the floor area is occupied by equipment and tobl inventory. five

To n \u003d 4.5 - the transition coefficient from the area of \u200b\u200bthe area to repair the batteries.

Then f y \u003d 18,52 · 4.5 \u003d 83.34 m 2

After the planning solution is fulfilled, the area of \u200b\u200bthe site is refined from the graphic part in accordance with the KMK.

F y \u003d b · t · n \u003d 9 · 6 · 2 \u003d 108 m 2

where b \u003d 9m - the span of the building;

t \u003d 6m-hagg columns;

n \u003d 2M - the number of columns.

We accept the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot F y \u003d 108m 2.

2.2 Calculation of the needs of electricity

Annual consumption of the need for power electricity is determined by the enlarged method:

where \u003d 14.7 kW - the installed capacity of the current collectors of the site from Table.5;

3950 Hour - Annual Actual Equipment Time Fund for Double-Wen

0.75 - the coefficient of loading equipment during the shift is made of.

Annual electricity consumption for lighting is determined by the formula: [kW]

where R \u003d 20VATT is the specific rate of electricity consumption on 1 m 2 floor area in one hour of work;

2100 hours - opening hours during the year;

108m 2 - plot area;

The total electricity consumption is:

2.3 Calculation of the need for compressed air

Compressed air is used to blow parts when assembling mechanisms and aggregates, for powering mechanical, pneumatic tools, pneumatic drives, devices and stands, as well as paint-sprayers for applying paintwork coatings, installations for cleaning the details of crumbs, for mixing solutions.

The need for compressed air is determined based on the consumption of its individual consumers (air actors) with the continuous operation of their use coefficient in each change of the coefficient of work simultaneous work and the annual actual time fund of their work.

Annual compressed air consumption is determined as a sum of expenses with different consumers by the formula:

Q.szh. \u003d 1,5q. x P x Kch x codanx Fdo ; (3.3.1)

where q \u003d 5 / h - the specific consumption of compressed air with one consumer

1.5 - coefficient that takes into account air loss in pipelines.

P - the number of single-shifted consumers of compressed air.

QC - the use of air actors during the shift.

Code, - the coefficient of simultaneous operation of air actors.

FDO \u003d watch valid operation of air operating time when changing work

Q.szh. \u003d 1.5 x 5 x 4 x 0.9 x 0.7 x 2000 \u003d 37800

2.4 Calculation of the need for water and steam

Water for production needs is spent in the baths and its need to approximately be adopted by the formula:

Q.in \u003d.g. H.n. x Fdo ; (3.4.1)

Where q \u003d 0.05 - the specific water consumption per hour of operation of one bath

P \u003d 1 - Bath

FDO \u003d 1776 - Annual valid equipment of the equipment.

Q \u003d 0.05 x 1 x 1776 \u003d 88.8 (3.4.2)

The required amount of steam for heating is determined on the basis of the maximum time consumption of the heat of QM.ch. according to the formula:

Q.m.... \u003d.VN. (qO + qB.) x (t.in-tN.) ; (3.4.3.)

where Vn \u003d 648 is the volume of heated premises.

qO + QB - Specific heat consumption for heating

qO \u003d 0.45 kcal.ch.

qB \u003d 0.15 kcal.ch.

tB \u003d indoor room temperature \u003d + 18c

tN \u003d minimum outdoor temperature \u003d -10С

Taking that heat transfer 1 kg. Couple is 550 kcal. (2300J).

The duration of the heating period is 4320 hours.

Q. TCD \u003d 648 x (0.45 + 0.15) H.(+18 -10) = 311 0 M....

2.5 Device for removing covers Akb

The lids from the monoblock of batteries are removed using the device. When performing this operation from the puller bracket, it is installed on board the top of the monoblock so that the lower end of the grip is screwed into the bay opening of the battery cover. After that, capture capture in the working position. Smoothly pressing the lever, remove the monoblock cover. It should not make an effort more than 50 H in order to avoid the lid breakdown. If more than 50 N effort is required for removal, it is not necessary to warm up or clear the mastic.

2. 6 Calculation of Numberbut battery groups installed on charge parallel

Charge Akb 6st75 from the unit which has a voltage at the output 70 V and current strength of 8 A.

1. We calculate the number of batteries connected in sequentially in one group, at the rate of 2.7 V voltage per battery

2. k \u003d u / (2.7 x n) \u003d 70 / (2.7x6) \u003d 4.32

where, U \u003d voltage at the output of the unit, in: n \u003d the number of batteries in the batteries 6st75.

Thus, the group includes batteries.

Since the battery charging current 6st75 is 7,5A, one group of batteries can be connected to an aggregate that provides a current of 8 A.

2. 7 Booked solution

Equipment and inventory must be arranged according to the SNiP and the technological process. Products requiring repair come on racks in pure form after an outer washing. When disassembling the details that are not faded to further assembly, and the suitable without dousedts are collected with the replacement of all rubber products. Merbers are installed in this location from the main wall, where there is a working artificial lighting, where the main working time is carried out workers. On the site there is a handicraft, a box with sand and fire shield. The floors are covered with concrete tiles.

The rational arrangement of the equipment allows with the smallest loss of time to repair hydraulic equipment.

3. Organise-economic part

3 .1 Calculation Calculation

Capital costs in the site are funds spent on acquisition, delivery, installation of new and dismantling of old equipment, on the construction of a part of the building under the site. Capital costs are taken into account in the main funds of the enterprise during the entire period of operation at the initial cost.

The main funds participate in the production of products (car overhaul) in a continuable form during a long period of time gradually wear out and lose their cost in parts, as physical wear. The monetary expression of wear is called depreciation and during the year the value of wear is included in the cost of products.

Depreciation (transfer of wear in parts of the value of fixed assets to the product produced with their help) is carried out for cash accumulation in order to restore and reproduce fixed assets.

The size of depreciation deductions, expressed as a percentage of the initial value, is called the annual rate of depreciation but. The depreciation rate is set at the state level or can be accepted by the formula;

N. but \u003d 100: T sL ; [%] (4.1.1.),

where tl - the service life of equipment or building, according to specifications.

The annual rate of depreciation deductions included in the cost of the norm-hour of overhaul is determined by the formula:

A. r. = [Sum] (4.1.2.),

where PS is the initial value of fixed assets.

The main funds are conditionally divided into two groups: passive fixed assets (buildings, structures) are not directly involved in the creation of products, but necessary for its production and active fixed assets - directly participate in the creation of products (overhaul)

Calculation of the value of fixed assets and depreciation deductions

Table 1

Calculation of the value of the main equipment and depreciation deductions

equipment identification	Brand or type		The price is one. Equip - I (thousands of Sum)	Accrued	Origin. cost	depreciation
				The price of all equipment.	Transport 15% costs	Installation 20%			Amount (thousandSM)
Flask for waste
Acidopory bath for washing parts
Varstak for repair AKB
Bath for draining electrolyte
Rack for AKB
Sharpening machine.
Vertical drilling machine
Mobile washing bath
Stand for checking and discharge acb

Consolidated calculation of capital investments and depreciation on the site

Table 3.

Name of capital investments	Initial cost thousands of thousands	Depreciation deductions
			Sum thousands of thousands
Building under the site
Acid ways and structures (30% of the cost of the building)
Basic equipment	15194,25
Unrecorded equipment (10% of the cost of new equipment)
Fixtures and expensive tool (1% of the cost of equipment)
Inventory (8% of the cost of equipment)
Preparation of the territory (1% of the cost of the building)
Other costs (1.5% of the cost of the building)

3 .1.2 Calculation of salary costs

Remuneration of equipment repair workers is built on the tariff system depending on the complexity of the work, working conditions and forms of payment. The plot refers to the production with harmful working conditions. The basis of the tariff system adopted tariff hour rates and a six-digit tariff mesh.

The labor payment of the main production workers is made by a piece-premium system for the actually performed volume of repair work on the hourly tariff rates of workers partners, depending on the working conditions by the formula:

3p t. \u003d S. 1 TO t. T. year R r ; [Sum] (4.1.2.1.),

where from 1 - hour tariff rate of the first discharge is accepted on table 4

Table 4.

K T is a tariff coefficient showing how many times the tariff rate of the received discharge is greater than the first one, is accepted in Table 5.

Table 5.

Tariff coefficient

T year \u003d 4544 people - annual scope of repair work;

P p \u003d 2. - the number of repair workers adopted discharge.

The payment of the auxiliary workers is made on the time-based system for actually spent time on the hourly tariff rates of working voltages, depending on the working conditions by the formula:

3 P. pm \u003d S. 1 TO t. F. dr.R pm ; [Sum](4.1.2.2),

where fther \u003d 1776 hour - the annual valid flow of the work of one worker,

P VS \u003d 1чел. - the number of auxiliary workers adopted discharge

For all workers, surcharges are made to wages: the premium for the timely and high-quality implementation of repair work is taken in size:

Basic workers - 30%

Auxiliary workers - 20%

Engineering and technical workers - 40% 51

Employees and MOP - 15%

District coefficient of 60% of the tariff, but not more than 15630 soum per month.

The main salary is determined by the formula:

3 P. osn \u003d 3 P. t. + P + to r ; [sum](4.1.2.3.)

In addition to the main salary, all employees of the enterprise receive additional wages during labor leave, disease, business trips, a student vacation, which is determined as a percentage of the main wage by the formula:

3 P. dop \u003d P. d. 3 P. osn; [sum](4.1.2.4.),

where n d - percentage of additional wages, for design purposes can be accepted:

Basic workers - 22%

Auxiliary workers - 15%

Engineering and technical workers - 30%

Employees and MOP - 15%

Fund of wages of the site workers is determined by the formula:

FZP \u003d 3 p osn + 3 P. dop[sum](4.1.2.5)

The company from the wage foundation of all employees produces deductions to public social security funds in the amount:

Social Insurance Fund - 31.6%

Pension Fund - 0.5%

Population Employment Fund - 0.9%

Total: - 33%

Executions into public funds in the amount of 33% are included in the cost of the normo-hour of repair work. Calculation of the costs of wages of employees of the site of the site employees will be submitted in the form of tables.

Calculation of the wages of repair workers

Profession	discharge	Number of	Rate. rate	Time Fund	s / board at tariff	Supplements	Basic s / board	Complete S / fee	Foundation s / fee
						Prize	TO r
Basic workers
Handyman

Complete settlement of the wage fund

	Number	Foundation s / fee	Executions into public. Funds 33%
Main manufacturing workers
Auxiliary workers
Total workers:
Engineering and Technical Workers
Servants
Junior service personnel
Total staff:
Total working:

3 .1.3 Calculation of material costs

The material costs on the plot are made up of the cost of materials and spare parts necessary to perform repair work.

The size of material costs is determined on the basis of the expenditure standards for one major repairs, an annual production program of capital repairs and prices per unit of material values.

When calculating the total value of material costs, transport and warehouse expenses in the amount of 15% are taken into account.

Calculation of the value of materials

3.1.4 Rascension of other workshops

Other workshop costs are expenses that are not involved in the production of products, but necessary for its production. The size of the workshop costs is determined by the preparation of the corresponding estimate consisting of two sections, each of which includes the costs of the corresponding group.

Group A includes the costs associated with the operation of equipment:

On force electricity:

FROM e.= W. C. e.; [sum](4.1.4.1.),

where w \u003d 113250 kW / h is the annual consumption of electricity,

C e \u003d 18.5 soums - the price of one kilowatt-hour,

then FROM e.\u003d 113250 x 18,5 \u003d 2095125 Sum

On compressed air:

FROM szh.= Q. szh. C. szh. ; [sum](4.1.4.2.),

where Q. szh. = 64997M 3 - annual consumption of compressed air,

C SZh \u003d 2.5 sum is one m 3 compressed air.

then FROM szh. \u003d 64997 x 2,5 \u003d 1624925 Sum

On water for production purposes:

FROM t. = Q. t.C. t.; [sum](4.1.4.3)

where Q W \u003d 8000 m 3 is the annual consumption of water for production purposes,

B T \u003d 276 sum is the price of one m 3 of technical water.

then FROM t. \u003d 8000 x 276 \u003d 2208000 sum

For water for household purposes:

FROM b. = q. D. r R C. b.; [sum](4.1.4.4)

where q.\u003d 0.08 m 3 - specific consumption of drinking water per employee in shift,

D. r\u003d 225 days - the number of working days a year,

R\u003d 3чел. - the number of employees of the site,

C. b. = 258 sum - the cost of one m 3 drinking water,

then FROM b. \u003d 0.08 x 225 x 3 x 258 \u003d 13932 sum

Common water consumption: 2208000 + 13932 = 2221932

Steam consumption on the heating of the area of \u200b\u200bthe site:

FROM p = V. F. beforeq. / I. 1000 ; [sum](4.1.4.5)

where V.\u003d 648 m 3 - the volume of the site building,

F. before\u003d 4140 hours - the time of operation of heating during the year,

q.\u003d 20 kcal / hour - specific steam consumption on 1m 3 buildings per hour of work,

I.\u003d 540 kcal / h - heat transfer one ton steam,

C n \u003d 15450 sum - cost of one ton steam

then FROM n \u003d x 15450 \u003d 1535112 sum

For the current equipment repair, 3-5% of its cost is accepted: 0.05 x 15194300 \u003d 759713

Auxiliary materials adopted 3-5% of the cost of basic materials: 0.05 x 4929360 \u003d 246468 sum

5% of its cost: 0.05 x 15194300 \u003d 759713 sum

The group in includes human spending:

On wages by ITR, employees and MOS from the table;

On the repair of the building at the rate of 2% of its cost: 0.02 x 34020000 \u003d 680400 sum

5.5% of the wage foundation of all workers: 0.055 x 3820333 \u003d 210118

The safety equipment is made at the rate of 35,000 soum per worker (main and auxiliary) 35000 x 3 \u003d 105000 soums

Other unaccounted costs are taken 10% of the sum of all workshop costs.

To determine the total amount of expenses, make up the estimate:

Estimated workshop expenses

Name of the costs of expenses
s / / fee, employees and mop
Compressed air cost
Electricity costs
Water costs
Expenses for heating
Current equipment repair
Auxiliary materials
Building repair
Equipment repair parts
Occupational Safety and Health
Safety technique
Other workshop costs

Estimation costs and cost calculation

Estimation costs for the content of the site is the sum of all expenses for the performance of repair work. The calculation of the cost is understood as the sum of all expenses per unit of production.

Only part of the work on overhaul is performed on the site, so the normo-hour of repair work is conditionally accepted as a unit of production and the costs of it are determined by the formula:

FROM lF \u003d 3C / t year ; [sum](4.1.4.6)

where 3c is the amount of costs from the estimate,

T year \u003d 3243 people - annual laboriousness of repair work.

Estimation costs for the content of the site

The cost of the norm-hours will be:

FROM lF= = 8461 Sum

3 .2 RASeconomic efficiency

Annual economic effect of implementation is determined by the formula:

E \u003d S. 1 - (FROM 2 + E. n. TO); [ c.mind](4.2.1)

where C 1 and C 2 is the cost of the cost of the planned and basic years, sum.

E H \u003d 0.15 - the normative coefficient of comparative efficiency

K - capital investments, sum.

comparison table

Name of cost articles
Salary of production workers
Social insurance deductions
Cost of materials
The cost of spare parts
Depreciation deductions
Other workshop costs
TOTAL	26901409	16140845,40
Non-manufacturing costs, 2%
Total	27439437	16463662,31

E \u003d 27439437 - (16463662,31 + 66063000h. 0,15) = 1066324,69 Sum.

3 .3 Technical and economic indicators of the project

The name of indicators	unit of measurement	Project data
Annual Production Program of the above Caps
Annual repair work
The number of working, total
Including workers
Wage fund, total
Including workers
Average monthly s / fee: One worker one working
Installed power of current collectors
Energower
Production area of \u200b\u200bthe site
Capital investments
Fundsacking	Thousands of thousands / slave
The amount of the cost of maintenance
Cost of one norm-hour repair work
The cost of one reduced overhaul

4. Occupational Safety and Health

The legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan regulates the main norms of labor and recreation of employees of enterprises.

The main task of labor protection is to carry out a complex of measures of legislative, technical, sanitary and hygienic and organizational order aimed at ensuring safe working conditions and continuous facilitation of production processes. As a result of these events, labor productivity should increase. The maximum improvement in working conditions, the prevention of industrial injuries and occupational diseases, the full conduct of safety and fire equipment activities is the main work in the field of labor protection.

Labor protection legislatively regulates the following relations:

General working conditions for workers and employees in production;

Standards and rules for safety, industrial sanitation and fire prophylaxis;

Procedure for planning and financing labor protection measures;

Norms and rules for special labor protection of women, adolescents and persons with reduced ability to work;

Benefits for persons with harmful and heavy working conditions;

Medical care at work;

The procedure for providing workers in the loss of disability due to accidents and injury in production, as well as professional diseases;

Responsibility of enterprises and officials, as well as workers and employees for violation of labor protection requirements and the consequences of these violations.

All employees entering work undergo introductory instructions on the basis of safety and industrial sanitation, as well as instructing in the workplace. Once every six months is re-instructed.

In the sector in the prominent place, instructions for safety for workers of those professions that work on the site should be posted. In addition, the instructions should be poster for safe techniques and warning signs and inscriptions.

Particular attention is paid to the provision of workshops of individual protection: workwear, footwear, means of protection of hands, eyes, face, respiratory organs, as well as special means of protection against electric shock and harmful industrial evaporation.

Washing, repair of workwear and the replacement of overalls and shoes that have become unusable for the fault of the employee, the company produces for free.

In accordance with the lists of work with harmful working conditions compiled by the administration of the enterprise, working free of charge of food - special (milk), as well as soap (400g. Per month).

The site should contain a medical first-aid kit, equipped with medicines necessary to provide first aid.

Responsibility for compliance with the rules for labor protection and safety on the plot carries a master, and in the absence of a brigadier.

4 .1 Safety requirements for ventilation, heatingand lighting

The ventilation of industrial premises is used to ensure proper sanitary and hygienic conditions of the air environment.

The plot provides exhaust and supply ventilation. Exhaust ventilation removes contaminated air out of the room, and the suppressive supplies clean.

The site provides natural and artificial ventilation. Natural ventilation is carried out through the windows of the room. Artificial (mechanical) ventilation system involves removing contaminated air by centrifugal fans, the type and mark of which are selected based on the size of the room and the multiplicity of air volume by the formula:

Q. in = V. TO about; [M. 3 ] (5.2.1.)

where, V \u003d fh \u003d 648 m 3 - the volume of the area

F y \u003d 108 m 2 - plot area,

H \u003d 6 m - Plot room height

To o \u003d 5 - the multiplicity of air volume

then Q. in\u003d 648 x 5 \u003d 3240 m 3

Select the EVR-3 fan with a capacity of 3000 m 3 / hour in the amount of 2 pieces.

In the workplace associated with the allocation of evaporation harmful to health, i.e. In the places of possible secretions of harmful to the health of poisonous gases, the local ventilation of the exhaust type of TsAGI-4 fans, which provide side suction of harmful evaporation at the level of the workbench and prevent their distribution throughout the room.

To comply with the temperature mode, a system of air heating is provided due to the forced ventilation of heated air. Fans are blocked through the calorifer, heated air and injected it into the heated room.

A central water heating system is also provided, in which hot water enters the heating devices (radiators or pipes), which are heat in the room. The estimated air temperature in the room +18 o C. The heating system should include uniform air heating, the possibility of local regulation and shutdown. To create normal working conditions in the premises of the site, natural and artificial lighting is provided.

Natural lighting is carried out through windows in the outer wall of the building.

Artificial lighting is provided by combined, i.e. General and local. General lighting is carried out by luminescent lamps around the ceiling perimeter. Local lighting lamps located directly from the object of work allow you to control the light stream, creating a high level of illumination. Voltage of local lamps 12 or 36 V.

In addition to the main lighting, emergency lighting is provided at the rate of 10% of the normalized one. To evacuate people, emergency lighting should be at least 0.3l. The value of the actual illumination of the area of \u200b\u200bthe site should be at least 300lk.

4.2 Requirementssafety tool, equipmentanddevices

The decrease in production injuries largely depends not only on the quality, but also the health of the tools used.

All tools before starting work are carefully examined daily and, in the event of a malfunction, for a timely manner to the instrumental storage room for replacement. Faulty and unnecessary tools tools should not be stored in workplaces. Instruments in the workplace should always be clean and dry.

Wooden handles of tools should be smooth, without bitch, cracks and scaling and be made of solid and viscous wood species. To avoid injuries, you should not make handles of tools made of soft wood (pine, spruce, fir, etc.).

Handles of tools must be tightly attached and properly strengthened. The handles of the hammers and the sledgehammer are planted strictly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the instrument and are crushed by the completed metal wedges.

Wooden handles of files, hacksaws, chisels and screwdrivers are fixed on tools using metal rings that protect them from splitting.

Hammers and sledgehamps should be slightly convex, without chosel and cracks, not oblique and not knocked down the surface of the slaughter.

Wrench keys must be good and strictly fit the size of nuts and bolts, to provide ease of use and have high strength.

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Thus, according to the results of the analysis conducted in this paper, we were convinced that the organization of working conditions in the workplace is a complex and multidimensional process. In modern enterprises, more and more leaders are given to this issue.

The species, functions and essence of the organization of working conditions are considered. We also reviewed and studied the methodology for analyzing working conditions in the workplace. In the first chapter of this work, we have shown the importance of a special assessment of working conditions.

We studied and analyzed the main technical and economic indicators at the enterprise OJSC Solikamskbumprom. On the basis of which we made conclusions about the functioning of the enterprise.

In order to analyze the improvement of working conditions at the workplace of the enterprise under study, the following data were considered in the graduation work. Criteria for establishing categories of gravity and compliance with ballroom assessments of sanitary and hygienic factors of working conditions. We revealed that in general, jobs meet the requirements, but the shortcomings are not excluded, such as poor lighting of the working surface. Also during the analysis, we found out that most of the non-appearance of work, there is no appearance for health.

Based on the analysis and calculations carried out, taking into account all obtained conclusions on the shortcomings of the under study, some activities were developed and economically substantiated aimed at improving the activities of OJSC Solikamskbumprom. Due to the more rational and reasonable organization of working conditions in the workplace, a significant increase in the basic technical and economic indicators is possible.

According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were made. Details and electrical component components during operation are subjected to wear and damage. To maintain electric locomotives and electric trains in a working and good condition, there is a system of planning and warning repairs and inspections.

The battery serves as a voltage source of 50 V for coils of devices, lighting and signal lamps with a non-working control generator. Alkaline (cadmium-nickel) accumulator batteries are installed on the electric locomotive.

Characteristic damage to batteries are:

• but). Reducing the battery capacity is the main and serious malfunction of alkaline batteries.
• b). Accumulation of carbonates.
• in). High temperature electrolyte.
• d). Electrolyte contamination with harmful impurities.
• e). Short circuit.
• e). Mechanical damage.
• g). Short circuit inside the battery.
• h). Elevated self-discharge.
• and). Electrolyte pollution: Metal impurities entering, using non-distilled water.
• to). Reduced capacity: accumulation of carbonates, incorrect charge mode, operation at elevated temperature.

Currently, all types of current repair of locomotives are produced in the depot. For this purpose, appropriate workshops are organized in the depot. Repair and charging of batteries are produced in the battery compartment of the procurement workshop. For this, a special room is distinguished, as a rule, on the first floor. The rechargeable compartment includes: repair, painting, charging, regeneration and generator, production facilities.

In order to improve the organization of the repair, it is proposed to mount the battery pack on which the batteries will be repaired.

One-time costs for the introduction of the stream line are equal to 1139,640 thousand rubles.

The payback period of the project is less than one year. The integral economic effect (CDD) from the implementation of the stream line will be 9134.04 thousand rubles.

Thus, the goal and tasks set in the graduation project are fully fulfilled.

Connection of harmful substances

15 Light

Natural lighting with top and upper unit lighting

e \u003d 4%, with lateral lighting

Artificial lighting general E \u003d 200 LCs,

Combined lighting E \u003d 500 LC.

Noise level J \u003d 80 dB at a frequency of 1000 Hz.

16 EVENTSBY TB

Workers employed by repair of batteries and their service constantly have contacts with harmful substances (pairs of lead, sulfuric acid), which, under certain conditions or improper treatment, can lead to injury or poisoning of the body. In addition, when charging the battery, a chemical reaction occurs, as a result of which allocated free hydrogen mixed with oxygen mixed in any proportions and fleece gas is formed, exploding not only from fire, but also from compression. In this regard, the accumulator workshop of ATP should consist of three compartments: "repair", "charger", "acid".

The charging department should have a direct exit to the street or in a common repair box. The floor in the battery workshop should be or asphalted or laid out by Metlah tiles. All workers should use overalls and protective equipment. Akb, weighing more than 20 kg, you need to carry on the trolley, excluding falling. When carrying the battery you need to use various devices (so as not to bleed the electrolyte).

It is necessary to prepare the electrolyte in specials. Withouts, pumped first distilled water, and then acid. You can overflow with the help of specialists. Purve manual acid and pour water into it - forbidden!

When preparing an electrolyte, it is necessary to strictly follow the TB rules. Bottles with acid or with electrolyte move in warehouses only with the help of specials with bottles fixation. Tubes made of dense rubber should fit tightly to the surface of the bottle neck. For a long time to store bottles with acid in the battery workshop. Charge control is carried out only by charging devices (load plugs, hydrometers, glass intake tubes). At the same time, the battery is obliged to wear rubber gloves. It is forbidden to check the charge of the battery with a short circuit. In the battery workshop, the stays of persons who do not work in the workshop are prohibited (except for attendants - at night).

When entering the battery workshop, it is necessary to install the sink, a kites with a first-aid kit, an electric fiber, on the bedside table should be kept on the finished soda solution (5-10%). A neutralizing solution is made to flush the eye (2-3%). If an acid or electrolyte is hit to open parts of the body, it is necessary to wash this section of the body immediately: first with a neutralizing solution, and then water with an alkaline soap. The electrolyte, spilled on the rack or table, is removed by a rag moistened in the neutralizing solution.

In the battery workshop, it is forbidden to eat and water. After completing the work, the workers are recommended to take the shower using alkaline soap, and then a regular toilet. All tools, trolleys, fixtures must be working. In the department in prominent places it is necessary to post posters with visual agitation on TB. When entering, it is necessary to post general requirements for TB. Workers must pass to TB tools at least once a year. Special attention should be paid to ventilation. It is made separately from the ventilation of the entire enterprise. Made exhaust cabinets for drawing with racks.

Ventilation is an explosive suction at the top, feeding from below. The charged air panels are installed along the baths for the preparation of electrolyte. The amount of air removed is at least 2.5 volumes of 1 hour.

Local ventilation is installed at workplaces: for melting lead and workbenches for assembling and disassembling AKB.

17 Firefire events

By fire hazard, the battery workshop refers to the category "D", and the "charger" separation refers to the category "A" (especially unait). Therefore, in the department, it is necessary to strictly follow all fire safety rules for the specified categories.

In the "Charging" department of the door should be opened out and go out. Ventilation in the "charging" department (due to the release of hydrogen during charge) should provide 6-8 multiple exchange; In "repair" - 2-3 multiple. In the separation of all lamps in gas-permeable fittings. Open lighting is performed by a refined wire.

In the charging compartment, it is forbidden to install switches, plug sockets, electrical heaters, rectifier devices. On each site, without fail, there should be a fire extinguisher, both foam and carbon dioxide (OP and OU).

I provide for installing chargers (rectifiers) in special hermetic cabinets (with extractor) from durable glass and place them in the reception and control unit. In addition to the fire notice consultation, I propose to install thermal detectors of maximum action (IP-104, IP-105), in the "charging" department, install an automatic gas analyzer with alarm system, as well as smoking sensors associated with the central control panel of ATP.

I propose to install primary fire extinguishing tools in each compartment:

1. Foam fire extinguisher OKH-10 - 2 pcs.

2. Air-foam fire extinguisher OVP-10 - 2 pcs.

3. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2 - 2 pcs.

4. Box with sand - 0.5 cubic meters - 1 pc.

5. Shovel - 1 pc.

18 FIRE SAFETY

Connect the clips of the battery with a wire "twist" - it is forbidden !!!

Charge care control is carried out by special devices.

Check the battery short circuit - prohibited !!!

Use a different type "tees" and connect to a socket more than one consumer - forbidden !!!

For inspection of the battery, portable electrolympics are used, with explosion-proof voltage of not more than 42 V.

PROHIBITED:

Enter the battery workshop with open fire (matches, cigarettes, etc.);

Use in the battery workshop with electric heating devices;

Keep bottles with acid (they need to be stored in a special room);

Jointly store and charge acidic and alkaline batteries;

Staying outsiders indoors.

19 Equipment

Appointment design

The bowman is designed to reversal batteries when washing or draining the electrolyte. Significantly facilitates the work on the above operations.

Construction of the backwater

The tanker consists of a platform 3, on which two racks 2. The platform has four wheels 5, two of which are welded by brackets 4 to the platform 3, and the other two can rotate around the vertical axis 12, since The bracket is welded to the bearings of the node, which provides when transporting a tanker to the separation of turning, and not just a straight movement.

At the top of the racks 2, bearing nodes are installed, in which the semi-axes are rotated. The lodge has a window for installing a battery. The battery is fastened with the help of presses. Lental with the installed battery can be rotated to any angle manually. At the same time, the flywheel 7 will be fixed at the angles of rotation 90, 180, in order to release the lock of the flywheel, it is necessary to pull onto the flywheel, when fixing - it is necessary to let it go and, under the action of the spring, it will return to his place.

1. The battery (AKB) is placed in the lodgment of the back coat on the left side of the movement.

2. Before working on a plum of electrolyte, it is necessary to exclude spontaneous movement of the backguard, for this it will be stopped by screw jacks located on the platform on the right and to the left of the rack with the flywheel.

3. In order to flip acb and pour electrolyte or water, you need to pull the flywheel perpendicular to the vertical plane. The flywheel comes out of the engagement with the lock and can be rotated clockwise to any angle.

4. To stroke the rotation of the AKB at the corner of 90 and 180, it is enough to release the flywheel.

5. To return the battery to the original position, work under item "3", but rotating the flywheel counterclockwise.

Calculation of the design of the main nodes

Initial data:

P \u003d 10 kg - force acting on the spring.

D \u003d 12 mm - the diameter of the spring.

 \u003d 13 mm - springs stretching.

[] \u003d 150 kg / cm 2 - Maximum tangent voltage.

1. I define the diameter of the wire - D

2. I define the number of springs turns - N, where:

G - second-order elastic module

G \u003d 0.4 * e \u003d 0.4 * 2 * 10 6 \u003d 8 * 10 5 kg / cm 2

E - Module of elasticity of the first order (Jung Module)

E \u003d 2 * 10 6 kg / cm 2

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

1. Type - Mobile, with manual drive

2. Overall dimensions, mm - 980 * 600 * 1020

3. Mass, kg - 60

4. Rotation - manually

1)  \u003d 8pd / PD 3; d \u003d 3 8pd / p [] \u003d

3 8 * 10 * 12 / 3.14 * 150 \u003d 2 mm.

2)  \u003d 8pd 3 * N / G * D 4; n \u003d  * gd 4 / 8p * d 3 \u003d

13 * 8 * 10 5 * 0.2 4/8 * 10 * 1,2 3 \u003d 10 turns.

List of used literature

1. Epifanov L.I. "Methodological manual for course design

That car ". Moscow 1987.

2. Kogan E.I. Khaikin V.A. "Labor Protection at Automobile Transport Enterprises". Moskva "Transport" 1984.

3. Sukhanov B.N. Borshi I.O. Bedarev Yu.F. "Maintenance and repair of cars". Moskva "Transport" 1985.

4. Kramarenko G.V. Barashkov I.V. "Maintenance of cars". Moskva "Transport" 1982.

5. Rumyantsev S.I. "Repair of cars". Moskva "Transport" 1988.

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