The method of applying lubricant to the surface. Lubrication of molds in the manufacture of the product
INDUSTRY STANDARD
By order of Soyuzpromarmatura dated " 28 » Martha 1975 No. 39, the date of introduction is set from " 1 » January 1977 until January 1, 1982*
* The expiration date has been removed.
Non-compliance with the standard is punishable by law
Notes: 1. Materials indicated with the sign * should be used in accordance with the technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
It is allowed to use other materials with similar properties in agreement with the developer of this standard.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2, 3).
Preparation of the surfaces of parts for the application of lubricants should be carried out in a room equipped with local exhaust ventilation. The air temperature in the room is from 10 to 30 °С.
Before applying lubricant, all rubbing surfaces of parts should be checked for corrosion, cleaned of dirt, metal chips, degreased and dried.
Degreasing of metal parts (spindles, threaded bushings, screws, studs, nuts, etc.) should be carried out in an aqueous washing solution: technical trisodium phosphate - 15 g per liter of water and auxiliary substance - 2 g per liter of water. The temperature of the washing solution is from 60 to 80 °C. Degreased parts should be washed with a 0.1% solution of potassium bichromate. Solution temperature - from 60 to 80 °C.
When rebar is produced in batches of up to 4,000 pieces, it is allowed to degrease metal parts by washing twice with kerosene in succession in two baths for 10 minutes. For the first flush, kerosene from the second flush bath should be used. When washing for the first time, it is recommended to use nylon ruffs or paint brushes.
Degreasing the threaded part of the spindles in bellows assemblies should be done with a cotton cloth soaked in alcohol and wrung out to a semi-dry state.
Anti-friction lubricants and materials for flushing and degreasing must be agreed upon by the customer.
Prepare rolling bearings for lubrication:
degrease in baths with kerosene for 20 minutes and in a bath with alcohol for 3 minutes.
Degreasing of rubber parts should be done by double wiping with cotton napkins soaked in ethyl alcohol.
Surface cleanliness should be checked:
a) visual inspection;
b) cotton napkin (only for parts of special fittings).
When wiping the surfaces of parts, a dry cotton cloth should remain clean.
If the wipe shows traces of dirt or oil, the parts should be sent back for rewashing.
Drying of parts after degreasing should be carried out:
a) after treatment with a cleaning solution - according to the technology of the manufacturer;
b) after treatment with solvents - in air until the smell of the solvent is completely removed.
Air temperature - from 10 to 30 °C.
Drying time - from 10 to 30 minutes.
Bellows assemblies of special fittings should be additionally dry for 15 up to 30 minutes in a thermostat at a temperature of 100 to 110 °C.
The quality control of drying parts and assemblies should be carried out using filter paper: no traces of solvent should remain on the surface of the filter paper applied to the part. It is allowed to control the quality of drying of fittings parts for general industrial use visually.
The frequency of changing solvents is established by the technological process, depending on the volume, number of washed parts and consumption rates established by this standard.
Anti-friction lubricants should be applied to the surface of parts under conditions that guarantee the lubricated surfaces from dirt and moisture. The air temperature in the room is from 10 to 30 °С.
The brand of lubricant is indicated in the drawings and must meet the requirements of current standards. Lubricants that have damaged packaging, and also do not have a packing list or passport confirming the compliance of this batch with the requirements of the relevant standards are not allowed to be used.
Lubrication on the rubbing surfaces of the fittings should be applied immediately before assembling the fittings in accordance with the instructions of the drawings, lubrication maps, technical requirements or valve operating instructions. Anti-friction lubricants can be used within a year from the date of opening the container and must be stored at a temperature of 10 to 30 ° C under conditions that guarantee lubricants from dirt and moisture.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 3).
When performing work on preparing the surface of parts for applying lubricant:
a) the concentration of kerosene vapors in the room where degreasing takes place should not exceed 10 mg per 1 dm3 of air:
b) the design of the equipment used in degreasing must ensure that workers are protected from solvent ingress;
c) workers performing degreasing with solvents must be provided with aprons, shoes, gloves, respirators;
d) workers performing degreasing with aqueous detergent solutions should be provided with rubber aprons, shoes and gloves.
The enterprise must develop and approve by the chief engineer an instruction on safety requirements, fire safety and industrial sanitation, taking into account local production conditions.
Persons who have studied the design of the equipment and the technological process and have been instructed in safety requirements, fire safety and industrial sanitation are allowed to perform work on preparing the surfaces of parts for applying lubricants.
GOST 9.054-75
Group T99
INTERSTATE STANDARD
one system protection against corrosion and aging
PRESERVATION OILS, LUBRICANTS AND INHIBITIONS
FILM-FORMING OIL COMPOSITIONS
Methods for accelerated testing of protective capability
Unified system of corrosion and aging protection.
Anticorrosive oils, greases and inhibited film-forming petroleum compounds.
Accelerated test methods of protective ability
ISS 19.040
75.100
Introduction date 1976-07-01
By the Decree of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated May 11, 1975 N 1230, the date of introduction was set as 01.07.76
The validity period was removed according to protocol N 5-94 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 11-12-94)
EDITION with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, approved in June 1980, June 1985, December 1985, December 1989 (IUS 8-80, 10-85, 3-86, 3-90 ).
This standard applies to oils, lubricants and oil-inhibited film-forming oil compositions (hereinafter referred to as preservative materials) used as temporary anti-corrosion protection of products.
The standard establishes laboratory accelerated test methods (hereinafter referred to as tests) to assess the protective ability of coking materials.
The standard specifies six test methods:
1st - at elevated values of relative humidity and air temperature, without condensation, with periodic or constant moisture condensation;
2nd - at elevated values of relative humidity and air temperature and exposure to sulfur dioxide with periodic moisture condensation;
3rd - when exposed to salt fog;
4th - with constant immersion in the electrolyte;
5th - under the influence of hydrobromic acid;
6th - at elevated values of relative humidity and temperature, with constant condensation in the first part of the cycle under conditions of contact of dissimilar metals.
The test method or a set of methods established by this standard is selected depending on the purpose of testing the conservation material and the conditions for placing products according to Appendix 1.
1. METHOD 1
The essence of the method lies in keeping the preservation materials deposited on metal plates in conditions of high relative air humidity and temperature, without condensation, with periodic or constant moisture condensation on the samples.
1.1. Sampling
1.1.1. Samples for testing are conservation materials that meet the requirements established by the regulatory and technical documentation for these materials.
1.2. Equipment, materials, reagents
1.2.1. The following equipment, materials and reagents are used for testing:
chambers with automatic (or non-automatic) regulation of parameters of relative humidity and air temperature;
GOST 1050-88 and (or) copper grade M0, M1 or M2 in accordance with GOST 859-2001 and (or) aluminum grade AK6 in accordance with GOST 4784-97;
glass glasses according to GOST 25336-82;
organic solvents: gasoline according to GOST 1012-72 and alcohol according to GOST 18300-87;
desiccator according to GOST 25336-82;
porcelain cups according to GOST 9147-80;
a thermostat or drying cabinet that provides the desired temperature;
distilled water pH=5.4-6.6.
1.2.2. Requirements for the arrangement of chambers with automatic control of relative humidity and air temperature parameters, methods for creating, maintaining and regulating modes in the working volume of the chamber must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.308-85.
1.2.3. When using for testing a chamber with non-automatic control of relative humidity and air temperature, the ratio of the volume of the chamber and the surface area of metal plates should be at least 25 cm per 1 cm. .
The design of the chamber should exclude the possibility of condensate getting on the test samples from the structural elements of the chambers and upstream samples and ensure uniform exposure to the corrosive environment.
When tested greases desiccators are allowed.
1.2.4. In the test chamber, the specified mode must be provided during the entire test period.
1.2.5. For testing, plates are used with a surface of [(50.0x50.0) ± 0.2] mm, a thickness of 3.0-5.5 mm.
It is allowed to use plates of other sizes and from other metals and alloys during research tests.
The test of greases is carried out on plates, the metal grade of which is indicated in the regulatory and technical documentation for the material being tested.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 4).
1.2.6. The non-parallelism of the large faces of the plates when testing greases should not exceed 0.006 mm.
1.2.7. The surface roughness of the plates () should be in the range of 1.25-0.65 microns according to GOST 2789-73.
1.2.8. The plate should have a hanging hole located in the middle of one of the sides, at a distance of 5 mm from the edge.
1.2.9. The plates must be marked (serial number) on the surface or on tags made of non-metallic materials attached to the plate with a nylon thread.
1.3. Test preparation
1.3.1. The plates are degreased successively with gasoline and alcohol, then dried.
It is not allowed to touch the surface of the plates prepared for testing with hands.
1.3.2. One plate is placed in a desiccator (for comparison with the subjects when evaluating the results).
1.3.3. To apply oils and thin-film coatings to the tested plates, the plates, suspended on hooks vertically, are immersed for 1 min in a conservation material at a temperature of 20 ° C - 25 ° C, then the plate is removed and kept in air in a suspended state for a time specified by the technical documentation for this preservation material, but not less than 1 hour for oils and at least 20 hours for film coatings.
1.3.4. Greases are applied to the surface of the plates with a layer of 1 mm using a stencil or one of the methods indicated in Appendix 2.
1.3.5. Plates with preservative materials applied are suspended in the chamber in a vertical position.
Plates with greases tested in a desiccator may be placed horizontally.
1.3.4, 1.3.5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.3.6. The distance between the plates, as well as between the plates and the walls of the chamber must be at least 50 mm.
1.3.7. The distance from the lower edges of the plates to the bottom of the chamber must be at least 200 mm.
1.3.8. The number of plates (at least three) of each metal grade is set taking into account the need for intermediate sampling.
1.3.9. Distilled water is poured into the desiccator to a height of 30-35 mm from the bottom.
A porcelain insert with holes is placed on the ledge at the bottom of the cylindrical part of the desiccator.
Cups with plates are placed in a desiccator, which is closed with a lid and placed in a thermostat heated to the lubricant test temperature.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.4. Testing
1.4.1. Tests are carried out in three modes: without condensation, with periodic and constant condensation of moisture on the samples.
The test of greases is carried out according to the regime with constant moisture condensation.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.4.2. Tests without moisture condensation on the samples are carried out at a temperature of (40±2) °C and a relative humidity of 95%-100%.
1.4.3. Tests with periodic moisture condensation on the samples are carried out in cycles. Each test cycle consists of two parts.
In the first part of the cycle, the samples are exposed to an air environment with a temperature of (40±2) °C and a relative humidity of 95%-100% for 7 hours.
In the second part of the cycle, conditions are created for moisture condensation on the samples by cooling them to a temperature below the chamber temperature by 5 °C - 10 °C or by simultaneously cooling the samples and the chamber by turning off the chamber heating.
The duration of the second part of the cycle is 17 hours.
1.4.2, 1.4.3.
1.4.4. Tests with constant moisture condensation on the samples are carried out at a temperature of (49 ± 2) ° C and a relative humidity of 100%.
1.4.5. The beginning of the tests is considered from the moment all the mode parameters are reached.
1.4.6. The duration of the tests is established by the regulatory and technical documentation for the conservation material or in accordance with the purpose of the tests.
1.4.7. In the process of testing, the plates are inspected or parts of the plates are removed at regular intervals from the start of the tests, but at least once a day to determine the time of the appearance of the first corrosion focus.
When conducting comparative tests, the first examination of the samples may be carried out taking into account the time set for testing a sample with a known protective ability.
1.4.8. Forced breaks exceeding 10% of the total test time must be recorded and taken into account when assessing the protective abilities of materials.
1.4.9. After the test, the plates are degreased with filter paper and cotton soaked in gasoline, and then washed with gasoline and inspected.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.5. Results processing
1.5.1. Corrosion destruction is considered to be corrosion centers on the surface of metal plates in the form of individual dots, spots, threads, ulcers, as well as a change in color on copper to green, dark brown, purple, black, on aluminum - to light gray.
1.5.2. The protective ability of greases is evaluated visually for the time specified in the regulatory and technical documentation for the test material.
The lubricant is considered to have passed the test if there are no green spots, spots or dots visible to the naked eye on large surfaces of the plates at a distance of at least 3 mm from the hole and edges. If traces of corrosion are seen on only one plate, the test is repeated. If traces of corrosion are found again on at least one plate, the lubricant is considered to have failed the test.
The protective ability of oils and inhibited film-forming petroleum compositions is evaluated by the area of corrosion damage for a certain test time and (or) by the time of appearance of the first minimum corrosion focus.
Corrosion products are removed from the surface of the plates in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.909-86.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 4).
1.5.3. Corrosion destruction is taken as the minimum corrosion center in the form of:
one corrosion point with a diameter of not more than 2 mm;
two corrosion points less than 1 mm in diameter, visible to the naked eye.
Corrosion centers at the ends of the plates and at a distance of less than 3 mm from the edges are not taken into account.
1.5.4. To assess the protective ability of conservation materials by the area of corrosion damage, the percentage of the area of corrosion foci from the area of the tested plate is determined.
1.5.5. The area of corrosion centers is determined visually by a stencil made of a transparent material (tracing paper, thin organic glass, celluloid, etc.), with a grid of one hundred equal cells applied to it. The dimensions of the stencil must correspond to the dimensions of the plate [(50.0x50.0)±0.2] mm.
The stencil is applied to the surface of the plate and the percentages of the area of corrosion centers obtained in each division of the stencil are summed up.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
1.5.6. Determination of the area of corrosion damage on plates of other sizes is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.308-85.
1.5.7. (Deleted, Rev. N 4).
1.5.8. The protective ability of conservation materials can be determined by the change in color and gloss of the surface of the metal plate.
The degree of gloss of the surface of a metal plate is determined visually by comparing the surface of the tested metal plate with the plate stored in the desiccator (p. 1.3.2).
1.5.9. The change in the gloss and color of the surface of the plate can also be determined by measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the plate in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.308-85.
A uniform change in the color of the surface of a plate made of ferrous metals to light gray and a slight change in the color of a plate made of non-ferrous metals while maintaining a metallic sheen are not considered corrosion damage.
1.5.10. It is allowed to evaluate the protective ability of oils and inhibited film-forming petroleum compositions by changing the mass during the test. The evaluation of the protective abilities by the weight method is carried out according to the corrosion index () in g / m, calculated by the formula
where is the change in the mass of the plate, g;
is the surface area of the plate, m.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
1.5.11. The protective ability of conservation materials is evaluated by the arithmetic mean of the values determined on the plates tested in parallel.
The discrepancy between the test results on individual plates should not exceed 20%.
2. METHOD 2
The essence of the method lies in keeping conservation materials (except for working-preservation oils) deposited on metal plates in an atmosphere of elevated temperatures and relative humidity under the influence of sulfur dioxide with periodic moisture condensation on the samples.
2.1. Sampling - according to clause 1.1.
2.2. Equipment, materials, reagents - according to clause 1.2.
Test chamber made of organic glass or other corrosion-resistant material, equipped with equipment to ensure a constant concentration of sulfur dioxide in the chamber and control the concentration during the test;
anhydride sulfurous liquid technical in accordance with GOST 2918-79.
2.3. Preparation for testing - according to clause 1.3, except for clause 1.3.4.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
2.4. Testing
2.4.1. Tests are carried out in cycles.
Each test cycle consists of two parts:
in the first part of the cycle, the samples are exposed to sulfur dioxide at a concentration of 0.015% by volume at a temperature of (40 ± 2) ° C and a relative humidity of 95-100% for 7 hours;
in the second part of the cycle, moisture condensation conditions are created on the samples according to clause 1.4.3. The duration of the second part of the cycle is 17 hours.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.4.2. Sulfur dioxide is supplied to the chamber and its content is controlled according to GOST 9.308-85. It is allowed to use other methods of supplying sulfur dioxide and other methods of controlling its content in the chamber, ensuring that the specified mode is maintained.
2.4.3. The further test procedure complies with the requirements of paragraphs 1.4.5-1.4.8.
2.5. Processing of results - according to clause 1.5.
3. METHOD 3
The essence of the method lies in keeping the conservation materials deposited on metal plates in a salt fog atmosphere.
3.1. Sampling - according to clause 1.1.
3.2. Equipment, materials, reagents - according to clause 1.2.
Sodium chloride according to GOST 4233-77.
3.3. Preparation for testing - according to clause 1.3, except for clause 1.3.4.
When conducting research tests of greases, the latter are applied to the surface of the plates with a layer of (0.030 ± 0.005) mm using one of the methods specified in Appendix 2.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
3.4. Testing
3.4.1. The chamber is set to a temperature of (35 ± 2) ° C and a salt fog atmosphere is created by spraying a 5% sodium chloride solution.
3.4.2. Dispersion and water content of salt fog are controlled according to GOST 15151-69.
3.4.3. The further test procedure complies with the requirements of paragraphs 1.4.5-1.4.8.
3.5. Tests may be carried out according to the method described in Appendix 3.
3.6. Processing of results - according to clause 1.5.
4. METHOD 4
The essence of the method lies in keeping the conservation materials deposited on metal plates in an electrolyte solution.
4.1. Sampling - according to clause 1.1.
4.2. Equipment, materials, reagents:
metal plates according to paragraphs 1.2.1, 1.2.5-1.2.9;
glass glasses according to GOST 25336-82;
magnesium chloride according to GOST 4209-77;
calcium chloride according to TU 6-09-5077-87; TU 6-09-4711-81;
sodium sulfate according to GOST 4166-76, GOST 4171-76;
sodium chloride according to GOST 4233-77;
sodium carbonate according to GOST 83-79, GOST 84-76;
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
4.3. Test preparation
4.3.1. Metal plates are prepared according to paragraphs 1.3.1-1.3.3.
4.3.2. An electrolyte is prepared (a solution of salts in distilled water), the formulation of which is given in Table 1.
Table 1
Name of salts | Concentration, g/l (based on dry matter) |
Magnesium chloride | |
Calcium chloride | |
Sodium sulfate | |
sodium chloride |
4.3.1, 4.3.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
4.3.3. Prepare a 25% solution of sodium carbonate in distilled water.
4.3.4. Set the pH of the electrolyte in the range of 8.0-8.2 by adding a solution of sodium carbonate, prepared according to paragraph 4.3.3.
4.4. Testing
4.4.1. The plates with preservative materials applied to them are immersed in an electrolyte solution, in which they are kept at room temperature for the time specified in the regulatory and technical documentation for the preservative material, but not less than 20 hours.
Plates of different metals are not allowed to be immersed in the electrolyte at the same time.
4.4.2. The electrolyte level in the glass should be 10-15 mm above the top edge of the plates. The distance from the lower edges of the plates to the bottom of the glass jar should be at least 10-15 mm.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
4.4.3. After testing, the plates are wiped, washed with organic solvents and inspected.
4.5. Processing of results - according to clause 1.5.
5. METHOD 5
The essence of the method is to determine the ability of oils to displace hydrobromic acid from the surface of a metal plate.
5.1. Sampling - according to clause 1.1.
5.2. Equipment, materials, reagents:
metal plates made of steel grade 10 according to GOST 1050-88;
hydrobromic acid according to GOST 2062-77;
glass glasses according to GOST 25336-82.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
5.3. Test preparation
5.3.1. Metal plates are prepared according to clause 1.3.1.
5.3.2. Prepare a 0.1% solution of hydrobromic acid.
5.4. Testing
5.4.1. At least 200 cm3 of the preservative material to be tested is poured into a glass beaker, and a solution of hydrobromic acid is poured into another beaker.
5.4.2. The plate is immersed for no more than 1 s in a solution of hydrobromic acid, then removed from the solution and immersed 12 times within 1 min in the oil under test at room temperature.
5.4.3. The plates are suspended and kept in air at room temperature for 4 hours, then washed with organic solvents and inspected.
5.5. Processing of results - according to clause 1.5.
6. METHOD 6
The essence of the method lies in keeping preservation and working preservation oils deposited on steel plates in contact with copper under conditions of elevated temperature and relative humidity with continuous moisture condensation in the first part of the cycle.
6.1. Sampling - according to clause 1.1.
6.2. Equipment, materials, reagents:
humidity chamber or any thermostat providing heating temperature (50±1) °C and relative air humidity 95%-100%;
ultrathermostat of any type, providing the temperature of distilled water (30±1) °С;
analytical balance according to GOST 24104-2001;
glass cells (see drawing 1 of Appendix 4), equipped with taps for connection to an ultrathermostat;
thermometer TZK-3P according to GOST 9871-75;
thermometer TL-21-B2 according to TU 25-2021.003-88;
rubber tubes with an inner diameter of 6-8 mm;
metal plates made of steel 10 according to GOST 1050-88, with a diameter of (22.00 ± 0.52) mm and a thickness of (4.0 ± 0.3) mm. The plates must have holes in the center with a diameter of 3 mm and an M3 thread;
plates made of copper grades M0, M1 or M2 according to GOST 859-78 *, with a diameter of (7.00 ± 0.36) mm and a thickness of (4.00 ± 0.30) mm;
_________________
* In the territory Russian Federation valid GOST 859-2001. - Note "CODE".
filter paper according to GOST 12026-76;
sanding paper on a fabric or paper basis of any type according to GOST 5009-82 or GOST 6456-82;
distilled water pH=5.4-6.6;
hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118-77, 20% solution;
inhibitor BA-6 or PB-5 according to regulatory and technical documentation;
solvents according to clause 1.2.1.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
6.3. Preparing for the test
6.3.1. Steel plates are treated with sandpaper from all sides to a roughness of 1.25 to 0.65 microns according to GOST 2789-73, then they are washed with gasoline, alcohol, dried between sheets of filter paper and the mass is determined with an error of not more than 0.0002 g.
6.3.2. After weighing, the steel plates are washed with gasoline, alcohol, dried between sheets of filter paper, hung on glass hooks and immersed for 1 min in the test oil at room temperature, then kept in air for 1 h.
Copper plates are not covered with conservation material.
6.3.3. Assemble the device according to the circuit diagram (see drawing 2 of Appendix 4).
6.3.4. The outer part of the glass cells is washed with gasoline, alcohol and placed in a humidity chamber.
The outlet tubes of the glass cell are connected with rubber hoses to an ultrathermostat filled with distilled water to cool the glass cell.
6.4. Conducting a test
6.4.1. Prepared metal plates (p. 6.3) are placed on the horizontal surface of the glass cell (Fig. 2 of Appendix 4).
6.4.2. After installing the metal plates, the ultrathermostat and the humidity chamber are turned on.
6.4.3. The test start time is counted from the moment the temperature of the vapor-air space in the humidity chamber reaches (50 ± 1) °С, the water temperature in the ultrathermostat reaches (30 ± 1) °С.
6.4.4. Tests are carried out in cycles. Each cycle consists of two parts: 7 hours of testing in a given mode and 17 hours with the humidity chamber and ultrathermostat turned off.
6.4.5. The duration of the tests is set in the normative and technical documentation for the oil or in accordance with the purpose of the tests.
6.4.6. At the end of the test, the plates are removed and washed in gasoline. Corrosion products from the surface of steel plates are removed with inhibited 20% hydrochloric acid, immersed in a solution for 5 minutes, while corrosion products are removed from the surface of the plates with a hard brush or brush, then washed from acid under running tap water, distilled water, alcohol, dried between sheets of filter paper and determine the mass with an error of not more than 0.0002 g.
6.5. Results processing
6.5.1. The evaluation of the protective ability of the oil is carried out by changing the mass of steel plates according to the formula p.1.5.10.
6.5.2. The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations.
6.6. Method accuracy
6.6.1. Convergence
Two determination results obtained sequentially by one performer are recognized as reliable (with a 95% confidence level) if the discrepancy between them does not exceed the value indicated in Table 2.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
6.6.2. Reproducibility
Two test results obtained in two different laboratories are recognized as reliable (with 95% confidence) if the discrepancy between them does not exceed the value given in Table 2.
table 2
Change in the mass of steel plates per unit area | Convergence | Reproducibility |
Up to 2 incl. | ||
St. 2 to 5 | ||
16% of the arithmetic mean |
||
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
ANNEX 1. SELECTION OF TEST METHODS
APPENDIX 1
Terms of product placement | Test methods for this standard |
|
In an open area, under a canopy and in a closed unheated room | Conditionally net | 1st with periodic and constant moisture condensation, 5* and 6th** |
Industrial | 1st with periodic and constant moisture condensation, 2nd, 5* and 6th** |
|
Maritime | 1st with periodic and constant moisture condensation, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5* and 6th** |
|
In a controlled room | Conditionally clean, industrial, marine | 1st non-condensing |
_______________
* Method 5 is used only when assessing the protective ability of oils.
** Method 6 is used for testing preservation and working preservation oils under conditions of contact of dissimilar metals.
APPENDIX 1. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3).
APPENDIX 2 (recommended). METHODS FOR APPLICATION OF GREASES ON THE PLATE SURFACE
METHODS FOR APPLICATION OF GREASES ON THE SURFACE OF PLATES
Greases are applied to metal plates in three ways:
1. Applying lubricant by rubbing
1.1. The lubricant is applied to one side of the plate surface by hand, followed by rubbing the plate against the plate.
1.2. The thickness of the lubricant layer is controlled by weighing on an analytical balance with an error of not more than ±0.0002 g. The thickness () of the lubricant layer, mm, is calculated by the formula
where is the mass of the plate with lubrication, g;
- mass of a clean plate, g;
- plate surface area, cm;
0.9 - average density of lubricant, g/cm.
For lubricants with a significantly different (more than 0.2 g/cm) density value, the true density value is substituted into the formula.
1.3. The other side of the plate and the side surfaces are protected with paint or with the same lubricant.
2. Application of lubricant using a knife device
2.1. To apply a lubricant layer on a metal plate, a device is used (see drawing), which consists of a body 1, on the working surface of which there is a square cutout measuring [(50.0x50.0) ± 0.2] mm, turning into a cylindrical one; movable platform 2, made together with the lead screw, feeding nuts 10, leading to translational movement of the lead screw with the platform; knife 5 moving along the table along the guides 6; leaf springs 9, which press the ground surfaces of the table and knife against each other; indicator 7, which measures the displacement of the platform and the thickness of the lubricant layer 4 with an error of no more than ±0.002 mm; a metal plate 3 on which a lubricant is applied; bracket 8 for fixing the indicator.
2.2. Device preparation
The indicator rod is brought to its highest position. The center of the indicator needle is aligned with the center of the moving platform. The position of the rod is fixed with a latch mounted on the bracket. Then the knife is taken out, washed with gasoline, alcohol-benzene mixture and wiped with a lint-free cotton cloth. The movable platform of the device is brought to the lowest position. The walls of the cutout and the movable platform are wiped successively with a cotton cloth moistened with gasoline, an alcohol-benzene mixture and a dry cotton cloth; after that, the platform is raised to the level of the table.
2.3. Applying grease to a metal plate
A metal plate prepared according to clause 1.3.1 of this standard is placed on a movable platform. By rotating the feed nut, the platform with the plate is lowered so that its surface is below the surface of the device table. Insert the knife with a bevel away from you and bring it under the indicator rod. The rod is released from the latch, lowered until it touches the upper edge of the knife and slowly raise the movable platform with the plate. As soon as the indicator needle trembles, stop lifting the platform with the plate, raise the indicator rod and move the knife to its extreme position. Then the indicator rod is lowered until it contacts the plate. The indication of the indicator arrow is taken as zero. After that, the movable platform is slowly lowered. The plate is stopped lowering at the moment when the indicator arrow reaches the division corresponding to the required thickness of the lubricant layer. After that, the indicator rod is raised to its highest position. A lubricant is applied to the plate with some excess, making sure that there are no air bubbles and foreign inclusions in it. The excess lubricant is cut off by moving the knife of the device towards itself and away from itself until the surface of the lubricant is completely leveled.
When voids and scuffs form on the lubricant surface, the grease is re-applied to the scuff marks, and the voids are pierced and filled with grease, after which the excess grease is cut off with a knife.
After the lubricant has been applied to the plate, raise the platform and remove the plate.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
2.4. The unprotected surface of the plate and the side faces are protected from corrosion according to clause 1.3.
3. Dipping lubricant application
The method is used for applying hydrocarbon lubricants.
The lubricant is heated to a temperature 20-25 °C above the melting point, but not lower than 100 °C. The plates, hung on hooks, are immersed in molten grease and kept for at least 5 minutes.
The thickness of the lubricant layer is controlled by changing the heating temperature of the lubricant, the time the plate is kept in the melt, and the rate of its extraction from the melt.
The control of the thickness of the lubricant layer is carried out according to clause 1.2.
APPENDIX 3 (informative). SALT FOG TEST METHOD
APPENDIX 3
Reference
SALT FOG TEST METHOD
1. Selection of samples for testing, their preparation, test mode, control for water content, dispersion, processing of results is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard.
2. Hardware
For testing, a chamber made of organic glass or other corrosion-resistant material is used. Chamber size 510x500x760 mm.
The chamber should have a hermetically sealed door 200x320 mm in size in the side wall, and two holes 6-7 mm in diameter in the upper wall for air outlet.
At a distance of 20 mm from the bottom of the chamber, a heater is placed (a spiral of nichrome wire enclosed in a tube of quartz or heat-resistant glass). The chamber must be equipped with a thermostat for automatic heating control.
A spray gun is installed in the center of the bottom of the chamber, to which compressed air is supplied.
At a distance of 80-100 mm from the sprayer, a 200x250 mm organic glass screen-plate is fixed to prevent splashing of the solution on the plates with preservative materials applied.
3. Preparation for testing
At the bottom of the chamber, a saline solution is poured to a level of 70-80 mm and maintained constant by periodically adding; set the desired temperature and turn on the compressed air supply. The air flow rate is set within 12-15 dm3/min.
APPENDIX 4 (mandatory). APPARATUS FOR METHOD 6
APPENDIX 4
Mandatory
Damn.1. glass cell
glass cell
1 - outlet tube; 2 - horizontal surface of the glass cell
Damn.2. Schematic diagram of the device for testing
circuit diagram test instrument
1 - humidity chamber; 2 - ultrathermostat; 3 - mercury glass
laboratory thermometers; 4 - contact thermometers; 5 - rubber hoses;
6 - glass cell; 7 - copper plate; 8 - steel plate
APPENDIX 4. (Introduced additionally, Rev. N 3).
The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
Lubricants, industrial
oils and related products.
Methods of analysis: Sat. standards. -
M.: Standartinform, 2006
Lubrication cards and lubrication methods
Lubrication cards. Each tower crane instruction manual has a crane lubrication chart that includes a diagram of the crane.
Lubrication points and their numbers are indicated on the diagram; the map shows the numbers of lubricated points, the name of the mechanism or part to be lubricated, the method of lubrication, the mode and amount of lubricant per shift for each lubricated part, the name of the lubricant and its consumption during the year. In table. 23 shows a part of the lubrication map for the BKSM-3 crane.
When operating a tower crane, strictly adhere to the instructions contained in the lubrication chart. Untimely lubrication leads to rapid wear of the machine and increased consumption energy. Too much lubrication is just as bad as too little.
A new faucet should be lubricated more abundantly than a used faucet. So, for example, oilers, which are usually filled once a day, should be filled twice per shift in the first 10-15 days.
After 10-15 days, you should switch to the normal lubrication regime indicated in the lubrication chart.
Lubrication methods. When lubricating the mechanism, care must be taken to prevent foreign contaminants from entering the lubricants. Dust, sand and other harmful impurities, getting between the rubbing parts, cause rapid wear parts, which impairs their operation and leads to premature repairs.
Lubrication is applied to friction surfaces different ways. Liquid lubricant is supplied by means of oilers (Fig. 197, a, b, c, d) and rings (Fig. 197, e), continuously through the wicks or drops from the tank (Fig. 197, e) at certain intervals (wick and drip grease), under pressure from a pump of a special device (Fig. 197, g) or poured into the gearbox housing (Fig. 197, h).
Grease is supplied under pressure using a syringe (Fig. 197, and), smeared on open gears or manually stuffed into bearing housings with spatulas.
Table 23 
Rice. 197. Ways of applying lubricant to rubbing surfaces
Table 24 
When lubricating, the following basic rules should be followed.
1. Before applying new grease, clean the lubricated part from dirt and old grease and rinse with kerosene, then wipe dry.
2. When applying grease under pressure, check whether the grease has reached the rubbing surfaces; at the same time, first, under pressure, the old dark-colored oil should come out, and then the new one - light-colored. If this is not observed, it is necessary to clean the entire oil pipeline from dirt and old grease.
3. Check the quality of the lubricant for the absence of water and other impurities. Consistent ointments, in addition, should not contain lumps and impurities, which is checked by rubbing the lubricant on the fingers. liquid oils it is advisable to filter before use.
4. Store lubricants in closed clean containers separately by type and grade.
5. Do not lubricate while the machine is running.
6. Use lubricants sparingly and do not use them in excess of the established norm.
For steel ropes, ointments or their substitutes are used, given in table. 25.
Table 25 
Steel ropes have a hemp core impregnated. lubricant, which is a constant source of lubrication of the rope strands. In addition, additional regular lubrication of the ropes is necessary.
When preparing ointments, the compositions to be mixed are heated to 60 °.
The ropes are lubricated before the initial installation on the crane, as well as every time the crane is reinstalled. The best way lubrication of the rope - immersion before installation for a day in a tank with mineral oil.
To cover 1 rm. m of a rope with a diameter of 8 to 21 mm requires 30-40 g of ointment (the above compositions). When new, unused ropes are coated with grease, the brand consumption rate increases by 50%. Ropes can be lubricated manually with ointment-impregnated ends or rags, or mechanically by passing the ropes through a bath filled with ointment. Designs of devices for this purpose are shown in Fig. 198.
When stuffing bearings, grease is applied to 2/3 of the housing capacity.
Any mechanism will need to be replaced sooner or later. lubricants. It will be quite easy for you to apply lubricant to a hard-to-reach place if you use a simple tip and a simple device.
How to apply lubricant to hard-to-reach places:
“You can’t spoil porridge with oil,” so it’s true that there is never too much lubrication, but at the same time, when LITOL climbs from all the cracks, this is also not good. It is possible to achieve the golden mean with the help of simple advice. Gone are the days when oil, glue or grease was applied with a screwdriver or brush. The dosage of lubricant is easy to produce using an ordinary syringe.
Lubrication example It is quite difficult to apply a hardened lubricant such as LITOL, CIATIM, or ordinary silicone sealant to miniature parts, product gaps. But a simple piece of advice will help you greatly simplify this task. Try applying lubricant or silicone with an ordinary syringe. I recommend immediately breaking off or bending the needle from the syringe - this will serve as a cap so that the remnants of the lubricant do not crawl out.
Disassembled syringe Pull out the piston from the syringe, and draw lubricant there with a screwdriver (I put LITOL 24 there).
Grease syringe Well, actually, that's the whole trick, but such an organization will help you not get dirty with grease. You will be able to evenly and meteredly apply lubricant even to the most inaccessible places. You can buy a syringe with a thick needle and get into the friction revenge even more accurately, or attach a dropper and also get where you need to.
