Who produces bridges on the articulated Terex dump trucks. Review of imported dump trucks with a hinged frame

V.D. Kovrigin

Since the 1960s, in the world practice of creating mobile equipment for the carriage of bulk and small-sized building materials and various rocks for difficult tracks and off-road, a new direction has become a new direction - the creation of wheeled hinged-artized high-passing machines, characterized by a small sensitivity to the quality of the road linen .

The famous Volvo company was the famous company of this direction. In subsequent years, a number of leading companies specializing in the creation and production of mobile earthmoving, road construction and mining equipment, this direction was expanded.

This type of dump truck is intended for use in various branches of construction during the carriage of goods in difficult conditions, as well as during mining of minerals and building materials in an open way for their transportation from the diseases to the discharge points. Such dump trucks were used with the winding and sinking of the soil and empty breed into the dumps.

It should be noted that the use of articulated dump trucks is not limited to construction and career works. Separate manufacturers using the basic chassis of such dump trucks, equip them with garbage truck containers of large capacity, equipment for the transport of containers, long loads (pipes during the construction of pipelines of various purposes), as well as equipment for the removal of whips and sorting in logging production.

Abroad, a number of leading companies are engaged over the creation and production of articulated dump trucks, including Volvo CE (Sweden), Terex (England), Caterpillar (USA), Komatsu (Japan), Astra (Italy), Bell (South Africa and Germany) , CASE NEW HOLLAND - CNH (England, Germany, Italy) and others.
In Russia, work on the creation and organization of the production of articulated dump trucks has begun in the 1990s. At CJSC "Chelyabinsk Construction and Road Machines". The plant created two models of such dump trucks 16 and 25 tons.

In Belarus, three models of articulated dump trucks from 25 to 50 tons were created in the Mogilev Automobile Plant from 25 to 50 tons, and one model g / n 36 tons was created on "BelAZ".

Considering the nomenclature of the articulated dump trucks of domestic and foreign production, which includes 38 models of machines, you can set their distribution over the loading levels. The smallest amount of models falls on groups of g / n up to 20 tons (1 model) and over 40 tons (two models). The greatest number of models created by g / p 20-25 tons (10 models). Then the group of g / n 35-40 tons (9 models) follows, and the share of groups of g / n 25-30 tons and 30-35 tons account for 8 models. The specified distribution allows us to conclude that the most popular are articulated dump trucks in the range of lifting capacity from 20 to 40 tons. The table shows the brief specifications of the articulated dump trucks of various manufacturers, structured by carrying capacity.

To date, there has been a clear concept of creating articulated dump trucks, which are characterized by the following principal design solutions.

A modular layout diagram based on the principle of separating engine and cargo modules connected by a special hinged device. The largest distribution was the wheelchair with three leading bridges (wheel formula 6x6). A two-axis schemes are used (wheel formula 4x4), which are used for machines g / n no more than 25 tons. As a rule, the front module on which the engine unit is mounted, has a uniaxial version, and the rear cargo module is a two-axis version.
The principled layout of the articulated dump truck is shown in Fig. one.

Middle-turn diesel engines of liquid cooling with row and V-shaped location of cylinders, equipped in some cases of turbocharging and intermediate cooling of influxing air, are used as energy plants. The engines used have an increased margin of torque (20-25%) and meet modern international requirements for exhaust gas. Volvo, Caterpillar and Komatsu are installed engines of their own production. Moxy applies SCANIA engines, Bell - Mercedez Benz engines, Astra - Iveco engines, Terex engines - Cummins engines. Domestic manufacturers use engines of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, Cummins and MTU firms.

Type view of the transmission is a hydromechanical transmission with a blocked torque converter, with a planetary transmission with automatic control, with switching under load providing obtaining 6-7 front transmission and up to 3 gears - reverse. Dressing boxes are used with mechanisms for blocking inter-axis differentials with hydraulic speed retarders (used when working on descents). As a rule, all leading bridges with differential blocking mechanisms are used. The wheel drive locking mechanisms make it possible to choose the optimal modes of operation depending on the ground conditions and workloads up to the full blocking of all differentials than the maximum flexibility of selecting traction on wheels is achieved. With the simultaneous inclusion of the differential locking system, synchronous rotation of all drive wheels is provided. Circuit diagrams of operation of the mechanisms of blocking differentials are shown in Fig. 2. Selecting the lock mode is carried out directly by the operator.

Usually used multi-disc brakes operating in oil and planetary wheels gearboxes. These components are usually mounted in a single block of the leading bridge.

The leading manufacturers of the virtual and articulated dump trucks Volvo, Caterpillar and Komatsu use their own manufacturing transmissions. Other companies Terex, Astra, Bell, Moxy use transmissions of famous ZF and Allison firms. Domestic manufacturer - CJSC "Chelyabinsk Construction and Road Machines" apply the transmissions of the company ZF and Raba bridges.

The use of a hinged-artized frame and a hydraulic reference control system allows you to accurately and smoothly control the rotation, reaching a high machine maneuverability. Usually the angle of folding seats is from 38 ° to 45 °, which allows the operator to turn and maneuvering the front module in severe road conditions, achieving high patency.

The use of three-point, non-maintenance, front axle suspension makes it possible to provide constant contact of the wheels with the soil when overcoming large irregularities and contributes to a decrease in dynamic loads on the front semiramp. Cargo suspension
Lodges ensures not only high adaptableness to relief irregularities, but also high stability and better cargo hold in the body. The use of a special beam of the rear trolley contributes to unloading the back of the frame and ensure the uniform distribution of the load between the rear bridges of the machine.

The use of a body of a symmetric design with a pro-tiv-fledged fence, which is made of high-strength sheets of increased hardness and wear resistance to abrasion, allows you to do without applying anti-wear plates. The optimal body sizes provide easy loading of materials and rocks, as well as unload both under the slopes, and in the bunker. The use of an engine embedded in the body does not allow the material to be transported to trying to try the walls of the body.

Considerable attention is paid to all firms to create comfortable working conditions of the operator. On all models of dump trucks are installed all-metal shu-meovibrozolated cabins with good, and sometimes panoramic, overview of the front of work. The design of the cabin, the upper structure of the dump truck and the total layout construction emphasize the perfection of the design and the functional purpose of the machine. Cabins are equipped with all necessary instrumentation and systems that allow you to control the main parameters of dump trucks and warning about the possibility of emergency situations. The front dashboard is arranged in the image and likeness of the passenger car. The location of pedals, control handles complies with the requirements of international ISO standards. Location of steps for lifting in the cabin, the dimensions of the doorway are made in accordance with international security requirements. The operator's seat (with seat belts) is regulated by the growth and weight of the driver and installed on shock absorbers. The seat is usually located in the center of the front axle, which corresponds to the zone less sensitive to fluctuations and vibration. The noted, in combination with the adjustable steering column, creates the driver comfortable conditions for work (Fig. 3).

The use of efficient cab soundproofing allows you to reach a low noise level, which in different modes of operation is within 72-79 dB (A). Usually, the cabins are equipped with an effective climate control system, which, depending on weather conditions, can operate in three modes: heating, cooling and ventilation. The cabins are mandatory contain a system for protecting the operator's life in case of tipping the machine (ROPS) and in case of falling on the cabin of heavy items (FOPS). These protection systems must fully meet the requirements of international standards.

Many manufacturers offer a fairly wide range of features and additional equipment. These include a complete set of bodies for the transport of lightweight materials, with a reduced dimension in height, for the transport of rocks, as well as equipped with a Multi Lift system and special equipment for the transport of long cargo.

The list of additional equipment includes a hinged back board, anterior anti-shield, side panels, etc.

All models of dump trucks are equipped with wide-profile radial-type tires with a veneer tread pattern.

Considerable attention is paid to issues of reducing complexity and facilitate access to nodes requiring maintenance. This is achieved both by increasing the intervals between types of maintenance and good accessibility for its holding. Folded hoods, cabins, additional ladies and other devices are used (Fig. 4).

Some companies, taking into account the climatic features of a number of regions of Russia, when the operation of the machines is carried out at low negative temperatures, propose the use of a special, so-called "Siberian package", which provides for the equipment of the most important assemblies of the dump trucks by electrical heaters, high pressure hoses and rubber-technical products (seals, shock absorbers and etc.) from special frost-resistant materials and installation in the cabin of an autonomous diesel heater.

To date, finally articulated off-road dump trucks have not been widely used in Russia. The experience of operating such dump trucks, the production of Volvo, in the North-Western, Central, Ural and Siberian regions shows their effectiveness. The exhibition of "Surgutneftegaz", as well as the Union of Sibtrans with the base in Novy Urengoy, has extensive experience in the use of articulated dumplings.

Terex. designed to work in a career, in mining of minerals and building materials, on the dumping of soil and empty breed into dumps when performing overnight operations, as well as for use in various branches of construction on the carriage of goods in off-road.

The basis for articulated dump trucksTerex. the modular layout scheme is based on the principle of separating motor and cargo modules connected by a special hinged device. All models have a wheel formula 6x6. The front module on which the cabin and the power plant is installed, has a uniaxial version, and the rear cargo module is a two-axis.

On articulated dump trucksTerex. v-shaped medium-turn diesel engines are used as energy plantsCummins and Detroit Diezel with a capacity from 300 to 450 hp Liquid cooling. Applied engines have an increased margin of torque and meet modern international exhaust requirements -Tier 3.

Hinged and articulated dump trucksTerex. equipped with a mechanical transmission with an automatic transmission with the possibility of manual gear shifting, providing the 6th gear gear and 3-and transmission - rear. Modern transmission design provides her a large reserve of reliability and durability.

Hydraulic brake system of hinged and articulated dump trucksTerex. it differs from pneumatic brake systems high efficiency, reliability and minimum need for maintenance. Multidiscor brake mechanisms in the oil bath of all wheels provide the machine with excellent brake properties in all modes of operation and especially when moving the subaction.

The use of the articulated frame and the hydraulic reference control system allows you to accurately and smoothly control the rotation of the articulated dump truckTerex. achieving high machine maneuverability. The mechanism of the articulation of the front and rear sections of the frame has two degrees of freedom and is a node with vertical and horizontal hinges. The vertical hinge allows the front section to be rotated relative to the rear to any angle in the vertical plane. The horizontal hinge allows the rear section of the frame section to pour around the vertical axis in the horizontal plane, providing a constant contact of the wheels with the soil when overcoming obstacles. This angle is 45 o (in each direction), which allows the operator to turn and maneuvering the front module in severe road conditions, achieving high passability.

Body of hinged and articulated dump trucksTerex. different durability. They are welded from steel sheets with strength of 1000 MPa and hardness 360HB. . The duct rear tray and the heating of the body of the exhaust gases significantly facilitate unloading under conditions of low temperatures.

On all models of hinged and articulated dump trucksTerex. all-metal noise-vibration secure cabins with a good overview for the operator are installed. Cabins are equipped with heaters, air conditioners and all the necessary systems and control and measuring instruments that provide comfort and control over the main parameters of the dump trucks and warning about the possibility of emergency situations.

Yuri Petrov

Mobilization of industry and intensive maintenance of the subsoil during the Second World War led to the depletion of exhaust reserves of low-cost shallow budgets in Europe and the United States. In the postwar period, the global industry, promoted by the flywheel of military orders, passed a difficult stage of conversion. Having lost the state subsidies, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, construction and communal sectors faced with an acute shortage of ore, coal, bauxite and other minerals.

In 1949, in Germany, the ore reserves were just ten years old, in the UK, only eight. Japan was waiting for the fate of her abandoned colonies. The slogan "Everything for victory over Hitler!" It became one of the reasons for the appearance of a "rusty belt" (the term "rusty belt" refers to the former focus of the heavy industry in the northeast of the United States, from Ohio to Chicago. In fact, this is the largest symbol of human perestroika in the entire history of mankind, when formerly wasteful methods Production and production do not correspond to modern conditions.) - Abandoned mines made by quarries, ghost cities, which changed the social flow of the population.

The cost of developing new deposits increased hundreds of times. Stone coal went sharply. The governments of many European countries have considered fantastic for those times the projects of floating platforms for mining on the shelf of oil and gas. For reconstructed enterprises, traditional raw materials were required. The consequence of the active development of new, economically promising, but hard-to-reach areas in the 1950s in Europe was the rapid aging and the flow of a fleet - the technique could not work in the new conditions, since it was designed for pre-war technologies.

New mining developments were at a high distance from the places of traditional residence of people and production; It was required to master the territory complex in the topographic plan, use small amounts of mineral deposits and increase the cost of maintaining road infrastructure against the background of taxation of taxation for the use of subsoil and territory. In the absence of qualitatively new types of technology, this forced urgently revise the traditional and expensive technological cycle of the dump truck.

The usual career dump truck of those years was developed in the agelands of the 1920s, equipped with a manual gearbox, hydraulic brakes and even a bulldozer dump (!) For braking efficiency or parking during loading. With increasing appetites of the economy, these archaisms looked at fun. MARCSHESTERS, custodized over the plans for the development of new fields and having studied the new-fashioned American logistics, conceived "know-how": you need to change the technological chain. Stopped on the diagram of bulldozer scraper-zemvoz. (In the USSR, this technology was used for the first time in 1938. The experience failed because of the banal breakdowns of overseas scrapers. The inventor of the new technology (N. Krupko) was accused of hydrating and in the stage were sent to the initiative of Kolyma - to prove the superiority of Russian muscles over the performance of foreign cars.)

Zemlyavic dump trucks are a prototype of modern articulated dump trucks, made on the basis of single and two-axis tractor tractors. Tractor, in itself a universal and powerful machine, by that time was technologically worked out, and the use of hydraulics in the design allowed it to widely use it to tow the semi-trailer scrapers, cranes, heavy truck trailers and tank trucks, including for watering roads. The advantages of tractors in the composition of landozov is a powerful hydraulic engineering, unification by 90% with self-propelled borders, low cost and operating costs. The cost, content and resource of the park of four career dump trucks and one excavator were equal to the park of five scraper, seven landozov and two bulldozers.

In this case, the cyclicalness of the sparky excavator is low and smaller on 5 ... 12% performance. The two-axis tractor in operation was similar to the car, but had a maneuverability limit. The uniaxial tractor was supermenuverable - he could turn relative to the longitudinal axis by 90 °, and the turn was carried out when the steering wheel is held in one of the extremes, like a storage (no matter, it's worth the car or goes - the steering wheel covers the pressure in one of the circuits, and the position The frames change); The corner of the skewer reaches 7 °, geometric permeability due to the corner of the ramp sufficient. These technical conclusions in theory allowed to build narrow roads with a smaller radius of turns and not very worrying about the evenness of the road canvase.

The main disadvantages of landozov were their drive only on the front axle and often the braking force on the rear wheels on the rear wheels on the descents was insufficient to quench the huge inertial mass, which noticeably limited the use of these machines in the careers of deep downstream, where the development of the mountain mass is driven by excavators. Screper effectively coped with relatively light soils, but, in fact, it is a seasonal technique that is not able to work with full return on frozen soils (in the Nordic countries, including the USSR, the winter was used for regulatory repairs). Therefore, the scheme with landlessness was long used only in countries with a relatively warm climate (USA, South of Europe).

The development of the soil was entrusted with a brace in a tandem with a pick-up bulldozer, (The bulldozer could also be involved in the absence of self-propelled scrapers. Again, there is no unification of the park in which poor mining companies needed.) In his free time, engaged in the excavation and loosening of rocks. The overload of the mountain mass or rock from the bucket of the scraper in the body of the dump truck-zemlya appeared on the transit overpass in bulk from above. The scheme justified itself in small quarries, it was enough to have a similar park of tractor and a couple of bulldozers.

In the USSR, during the 1960s, Moise and BelAZ were tested and produced by small series of landoza, including with the bodies of the Chmap. The greatest productivity was achieved only on the construction of hydraulic structures and in road construction.

Gradually accumulated invaluable material for improving technology. For example, it became clear that the diagram of a uniaxial tractor adapted more for a fastener than for land-free, it is not at all suitable for a career - for 2 ... 3 years of operation, the lining of the body is destroyed, the articulation hinge is flared for the body frame trunk. The slave rear axle and transverse overloads led to the destruction of a weak articulation mechanism (unskilled markets did not explain the difference between the concepts of "patency" and "geometric patency"). The thesis on off-road qualities and turning was the myth - uniaxial tractors in the composition of the land-made, in contrast to the staple, were operated at high speed, and many accidents were in mind the drivers. The body flew through the inertia in one direction, tipped a wolf to another. Solid comedy, not a quarry! Monsters, the place which is in the circus.

The first serial ADT of Russian production - CSDM VDS-16 with a loading capacity of 16 tons

While the surveyors have become bombed under the authorities, inventing new technological processes of transportation of the mountain mass using landozov, Volvo engineers without excess noise in the mid-1960s invented a new subtype of the vehicle, and easier to say - invented from what was: a wheel tractor with an adopted front axle It was crucial to the rear frame on which the body was installed. The car was indispensable for off-road, (The ratio of soil and road European roads in the 1970s due to the post-war increase in the length of technological roads was 3: 1, and before the Second World War it was 2: 1.) Although it was not, primarily in operation due to the use of hydraulics and high specific metal components, and for a long time at construction sites and in careers: obvious advantages - low level of loading and high efficiency on off-road due to cosiness of thinking were perceived as deficiencies. At first, I didn't even come up with a new direction: dumper he and in Africa Dumper. Later, the articulated articulated cars under the pressure of customs not to be confused with ordinary sores, started calling ADT (Articulated Dump Truck). At various times, they produced about 40 producers, of which two were in Belarus and three in Russia.

In 2000, the annual sales of ADT in Europe make up about 2,200 new cars, while scrapers - 17 ... 20 units. The pan-European fleet of articulated dump trucks exceeds 15 thousand units., There is a well-established sales network "Sadd-Hend" to countries of Africa, Asia and Indochina. It is worth paying attention to the ratio of sales of scratopers and ADT: 35 years ago the situation was exactly the opposite. It is noteworthy that in domestic universities, they will read the design and operation of scratches, although it is really used less and less. At the same time, the ADT in the heads of some builders and miners remains the subject of dark, and therefore the study is not subject to.

All over the world, ADT is largely due to the emergence of high-performance wheeled and tracked loaders in the careers capable of replacing the bulldozer, scraper and excavator at the same time. At first, ADT was not claimed at the miners. Arched tires, high patency, relative and specific power were just time for the construction business, where careers were involved by the recess capacity of up to 20 million tons / year. Cargo from a career or reserve delivered to 3 km to 3 km to the object of the nearest construction or construction plant. The economic efficiency of the use of ADT was actually comparable to conventional building dump trucks, but the total resource due to the high extent of the reserve of the strength of the frame and body reached 15 ... 18 years. This technique is advisable to lease or for a short period of operation, with the subsequent repayment of the loan in the form of a return of technology at the residual value.

Domestic experience in creating articulated dump trucks actually coincided with global. The first career articulated dump trucks B. Pogonuchev and cars of the Tikhvin plant Transmash were manufactured on the basis of Kirovtsz from mechanical KP. However, this predetermined their failure. The main problem of dump trucks is transmission. It is now used only a hydromechanical transmission, which allows you to smoothly increase the speed even at maximum load and rolling resistance on soils with an average bearing capacity.

At the same time, the underground dump trucks of MOAAs with hydromechanical transmission, specially adapted under heavy loads, fully coped with the task - they are still used in construction and open careers. To replace them there is a fresh replenishment in the form of Belarus and 16- and 25-ton CSDM series of the DVS. However, the release of Chelyabinsk dump trucks is still a big question - last year there was not a single thing, and Moise and BelAZ due to the recent association still decide whose brand to use for sales.

The design of the ADT for many years has not changed almost unchanged, the layout is also: the use of retarders, processors, locks, cabins with protection ROPS-FOPS, oil-loading brake mechanisms, drive only on the front axle, etc. - All to choose a client. The body with different types of unloading (tipping by direct dumping, unloading the distribution dispenser and dumping to televisionation). Load capacity of modern ADT - 10 ... 50 ta, this is determined by one of the main potential spheres of the use of dump trucks - the production of stripping work, which, due to the low operational performance of traditional transport machines, are often referred to as a lentine. The winter period is most favorable on the tank of time, but requires the presence of transport equipment that is reliably working in the worst weather conditions, but then the rule of vehicle mass limits begins to act.

At one time, 100 ... 150-ton articulated dump trucks with electromechanical transmission were released for quarries, but with a total weight of 300 tons of their operation, the cost of their operation was comparable to similar career dump trucks. Currently, about 10% of sales accounts for cars with a lifting capacity of up to 20 tons. Half of the market occupy 25-ton machines that can be used for a wide range of works. They are followed by 30-tonny ADT (22% of the market) and dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 35 ... 40 tons (10 ... 12% of the market); The 40-ton ADT occupy the sector not more than 5%, and the sale of machines with a carrying capacity of over 40 tons does not exceed 1%. (Review of the designs of the most common articulated dump trucks, see "OS" No. 12, 2004. Specifications, see the electronic version of the mountain + shaft equipment directory.)

Volvo has been trying to expand the use of biaxial dump trucks in mining, using a unique system of remote tuning wheels that allow you to turn around in narrow mines and quarries. Terex, Randon and Bell based on lungs and medium ADT produce a wide range of sorting, metallo and rudozos.

Unloading Moxy MT41 is conducted as a lifting body with simultaneous opening of the rear side

Hydrema has mastered the release of dump trucks with a turning body body. The CSDM in 2001 built plans for the production of a dump truck uniform with the VDS-16 dump truck with a saddle coupling device. CNH since 2000 is trying to entrenched in different markets, selling equipment at once under several brands.

The use of dump trucks with the articulated frame in essence does not change the technological chains in the development of deposits, especially in serious road conditions. ADT can be used in any chains where bulldozers, graders, scrapers, excavators, loaders, conveyor and rail transport are involved, and more universalism is achieved, rather than with traditional career dump trucks and landlessness. However, career dump trucks to write off early.

(To be continued)

Russia is directly designed for articulated dump trucks. There is no better vehicle for off-road expansion. And limitations on dimensions in the taiga and the tundra will not disturb. Hinged-artized dump trucks slowly (after all, expensive equipment!), But moved to hard-to-reach territories. What holds back this process besides the price having, by the way, greater weight for central regions. Climatic conditions require adaptation of technology that implies not just a mechanical substitution of lubricants and rubber products, but also the use of other varieties of steel and even serious processing of structures. The task is not easy, and not every supplier can afford large investment in the development of the northern specifications.

Narrow circle of manufacturers of articulated dump trucks (eng. ADT - Articulated Dump Truck). Main suppliers to the global market - Caterpillar, Volvo Ce, Komatsu, Bell, Moxy, Astra, Terex. Bell manufactures dump trucks for Hitachi and John Deere, Astra dump trucks are also sold under the Case brand.

These companies produce three-axle dump trucks in the range of lifting capacity from 18 to 46 tons. Machines are used in the greatest demand (G / P) 22 ... 25 tons. The British company JCB and Danish Hydrema specialize in two- and three-axis machines with a lifting capacity of up to 20 tons, but We still can not be called in demand.

On the territory of the former USSR, the articulated dump trucks produces the Belarusian Production Association BELAZ, which includes the Mogilev Automobile Plant. Model BelAZ-7528/75281 g / n 36 tament is made in accordance with classical canons. This is a full-size machine with a hinged-artized frame and a wheel formula 6x6 designed to transport bulk cargo on the surface of off-road and equipped with an MTU S-60 engine with a capacity of 410 kW, aggregated with a hydromechanical transmission.

Underground dump trucks MoAZ and BelAZ are used on the surface, but they are inferior to the "genuine" articulated dump trucks. Their constant use on the surface is irrational. The underground dump trucks include two-axis machines of 22 tons of MOAZ-7529 and MoAZ-740-9586, three-axis MoAZ-7508 g / p 35 tons and a two-axis BelAZ-75800 g / p 40 tons.

The brainchild of the Minsk "Amkodor" - dump truck 20231 is still at the test stage. The sample presented at the "STT" exhibition "is pleased with the eye in an interesting, modern design. The dump truck g / p 24 t is equipped with a Cummins Turbodiesel with a capacity of 194 kW, a hydromechanical KP and ZF bridges. Alternatives are considered NEF bridges. Speed \u200b\u200bof the dump truck - up to 45 km / h, Ram - 42 ° rotation angle. The cabin interior is resolved in a modern style, an on-board computer is included in the equipment. In general, the model promises to make decent competition to Western samples.

For the articulated dump trucks tried to take the Chelyabinsk Construction Machinery Plant. The case was limited to prototypes, and in 2005 the CSDM scored this project.

Among Western companies in Russian deliveries, Volvo CE leads, the progenitor of hinged-artized dump trucks. In its model range, five models in the range of loading capacity 24 ... 39 T - A25E (6x6), A25E (4x4), A30E, A35E and A40E and A35E FS and A40E FS modifications. The dump trucks are equipped with 6-cylinder volvo engines with electronic control injection, turbocharger and intermediate cooler. The A25E and A30E models are equipped with an engine D9 with a volume of 9.4 liters and with a capacity of 223 and 251 kW, A35E dump trucks and A40E - 12- and 16-liter D12D and D16D motors with a capacity of 309 and 346 kW. The engine is aggregated with the planetary automatic CP Volvo PowerTronic, at the "younger" models with six bands ahead and two back, from the "senior" - with nine bands forward and three back. The torque from the ACP cardan transmission is transmitted to the distribution box, and from it on the bridges. The middle bridge of the passage, the front axle is turned off. The design of the dispensing box provides a high ground clearance. Volvo develops special bridges for dump trucks with fully unloaded semi-axles, planetary onboard gearboxes and cam clutches for complete differential lock.

For Volvo's Body offers several options for additional equipment - rear side of various designs, add-in for the transport of lightweight materials, the heating system by the exhaust gases, the front anti-shield. The articulated chassis also serves as a base for tanks, pipe and wood carriers, "Multiliptes" and other add-ons.

The dump truck A25E (4x4) g / n 24 t is distinguished by maneuverability at the expense of a short wheelbase and convenient when building tunnels, mountain serpentines, etc. With a unique rotary device (installed on request), which includes two small-sized lifting wheels in front of the rear axle The dump truck will unfold in a tunnel of 9.5 m wide. Rotate, and rather the rear frame is performed by an effort of the steering drive. The maneuver is performed on the empty dump truck.

Modifications A35E FS and A40E FS, presented at Bauma 2007, distinguishes the FS suspension (Full Suspension) with hydraulic cylinders on each wheel. The suspension is characterized by a soft course of both loaded and empty dump truck.

Volvo dump trucks are more common in countries with temperate climates. Northern Specifications are still under development.

Caterpillar equipment is chosen for harsh climatic conditions. The corporation offers four basic models in the limit range from 23.6 to 38 tons with wheel formula 6x6 - 725, 730, 735 and 740 and two modifications with forced unloading 730 Ejector and 740 Ejector. Caterpillar Sets 6-cylinder row engines with ACERT-C11 technology with a capacity of 11.2 liters and with a capacity of 225 and 237 kW on the model 725 and 730, as well as the C15 of 15.2 liters and with a capacity of 287 and 325 kW on the model 735 and 740. For The dump trucks specially developed automatic 6- and 7-range KP and bridges. There are blocking of interstole and inter-axis differentials.

Forced unloading dump trucks are distinguished by the body fixed on the frame. The body is unloaded by an ejecting stove with a hydraulic cylinder. The stove moves on the rollers on the guides on the bottom of the body and the edges of the side. This system allows you to evenly unload the dump truck in motion, as well as on outers, in tunnels and under power lines.

The Italian manufacturer of road, career and articulated Astra dump trucks since 1986 belongs to IVECO, which, together with Case-New Holland, is part of the Fiat Group. Several years ago, the articulated Astra dump trucks were sold under several brands - New Holland, O & K, Case and Astra actually. After the 2005 reform, CNH left the last two brands.

The line of articulated ASTRA dump trucks make up four models with wheel formula 6x6 - ADT 25C, ADT 30C, ADT 35C and ADT 40C g / p 23.2; 28,16; 31.5 and 37 tons. Two "junior" models are equipped with 6-cylinder row engines Iveco Cursor 10 10.3 liters and a total power of 235 and 260 kW, automatic 6-range ZF KP, Kessler bridges. The set of "senior" models includes 6-cylinder row motors of CURSOR 13 with a capacity of 12.8 liters and a total capacity of 302 and 335 kW, 6-range automatic CP ZF ERGOPOWER and ZF bridges. In the first three models of dry disc brakes, ADT 40C is disk oil-loading. Unlike competitors, ASTRA dump trucks raise two multisective hydraulic cylinders placed for better protection inside the frame.

The South African company Bell is known as the supplier of articulated dump trucks around the world. The company's plant in Aizenach (Thuringia, Germany) produces dump trucks for European markets. The ruler consists of six models with a wheel formula 6x6 with a constant drive - B20D, B25D, B30D, B35D, B40D and B50D g / p 18; 23.2; 27.3; 32.5; 37 and 45.4 tons. The German full cycle plant uses European components, with the exception of bridges. Bridges of their own development and production of Bell delivers from South Africa. The B20D models, the production of which the plant began at the end of 2007, and B25D and B30D are equipped with a 6-cylinder row motor MERCEDES-BENZ OM906 with a capacity of 6.37 liters and a useful capacity of 165, 198 and 232 kW and 6-range automatic KP ZF with built-in Retardder. The B35D and B40D dump trucks are included in the V-shaped 6-cylinder diesel OM501 with a capacity of 12 liters and with a capacity of 283 and 308 kW and the 6-range ACP ALLISON. The "senior" model B50D is equipped with an 8-cylinder V-shaped OM502 engine with a capacity of 16 liters and a capacity of 382 kW and also ACP Allison. Bell - supporter of a rigid dependent suspension. Front bridge suspension includes a-shaped lever, transverse traction and nitrogen-oil batteries. The rear axles are based on longitudinal balancing beams through damping elements and are connected to the frame with four pairs of reactive traction and transverse traction.

The Norwegian Moxy dump truck supplies five models of dump trucks with a wheel formula 6x6 with a constant drive - MT26, MT31, MT36, MT41 and MT51 g / p 24.1; 28; 32.7; 37.2 and 46,27 tons. They are equipped with 5-cylinder diesel engines Scania DC9 with a volume of 9 liters and with a capacity of 220 and 247 kW for MT26 and MT31 models, 6-cylinder diesel engines Scania DC12 with a capacity of 11.7 liters and with a capacity of 285 and 322 kW for MT36 and MT41 dump trucks and a Cummins QSX15 engine with a capacity of 15 liters and a capacity of 374 kW for the "senior" model MT51. The transmission includes 6-range automatic KP ZF and Allison, a dispensing box with a blocked differential, bridges with high friction differentials. Front bridges with independent suspension.

In August 2008, Korean Conglomerate Doosan bought Moxy for 55 million euros. Doosan promised to increase the sales of Moxy five times by 2012, bringing them to 250 million euros, as well as to upgrade the model range towards increasing the carrying capacity.

American Terex offers five models of articulated dump trucks - TA25, TA27, TA30, TA35 and T40 g / p 23, 25, 28, 34 and 38 tons. "The younger" models TA25, TA27 and TA30 are equipped with CUMMINS QSM11 engines with a volume of 10.8 liters and With a capacity of 221, 238 and 248 kW, automatic KP ZF with manual mode, bridges with constant full-wheel drive and manual blocking of inter-axis and inter-track differentials. The torque converter, the automatic KP and the transfer box are combined into a single block. The features of the "younger" models include custom-made split bridges with independent suspension. The set of "senior" models T35 and T40 includes 6-cylinder row engines Detroit Diesel Series 60 volume of 14 liters and with a capacity of 289 and 326 kW, sixdia-band automatic KP Allison HD456 with built-in retarder, separate two-stage distribution box with blocked differential, bridges with elevated differentials friction.

Komatsu Corporation, bulldozers, excavators whose career dump trucks received recognition among oilmen, gas gazovics and builders of Siberia and the North, relatively recently launched the formation of northern specifications for articulated dump trucks. In this direction there are successful developments. The body heating system is recognized as the most efficient, other firms are copied.

In the model row of Komatsu dump trucks, three models NM300-1, NM350-1 and NM400-1 g / p 27.3; 32.3 and 36.5 tons with wheel formula 6x6 and a constant drive. The dump trucks are equipped with 6-cylinder row driers of Komatsu with turbocharging and intermediate cooling of the upgrade air. In NM350-1 and NM400-1, the SAA6D140E-3 engine is installed with a capacity of 298 and 331 kW, on the dump truck NM300-1 - SAA6D125E-3 with a capacity of 250 kW. The transmission includes a lockable torque converter and automatic KP with electronic control to Atomics. The inter-axis differential made in the Unified block with the CP is equipped with a multi-disc oil cooled blocking clutch. Blocking the inter-axis and inter-wheeled differentials can be turned on and off on the go. Komatsu applies a hydropneumatic suspension. On the front bridge used type de dion suspension, providing more smooth overcoming obstacles and comfortable driving. A combined suspension is applied on the rear wheel cart - at the rear axle hydropneumatic suspension and rubber elastic elements on the middle passing bridge.

Evolving, articulated dump trucks have acquired general features - the wheel formula 6x6, a constant four-wheel drive, a 6-cylinder inline engine, automatic KP, blockable differentials, body design, etc. and externally dump trucks of different brands are very similar. The practical difference lies in the technical nuances, but to a greater degree in adaptation to specific climatic conditions, as well as in the possibilities and conditions of service.

Back in the 40s of the last century, the first prerequisites for the creation of hinged-artized dump trucks or dump trucks appeared on the articulated frame. Then the first time began to raise the issue of exhausting the easily accessible resources of the shallow embedding in the United States and Europe. Which in turn led to a sharp surge of activity regarding the search for alternative ways of mining. As a result of consideration of all sorts of options, it was concluded that in this situation it is necessary to create a new machine that could work in difficult conditions.

As a result, the search for the necessary solutions continued until the mid-1960s, when Volvo engineers invented a new subtype of a vehicle, which was a tractor with an unfolded front axle, hingedly fastened to the rear frame. And the body was installed on the back frame. To avoid confusion, on customs new machines received the definition of ADT (Articulated Dump Truck), which translated just means "articulated dump truck".

The articulated dump trucks are dump trucks with high maneuverability and permeability due to the articulated frame. These are the most universal cargo shipping machines in various climatic conditions. In addition to the function of the movement of the Earth, the articulated dump trucks are widely used in the mining industry, as well as when transporting containers, watch houses and equipment to inaccessible places. In this regard, it is worth noting that this review does not include articulated dump trucks for underground work.

The main ogeneration of the market of hinged-artized dump trucks in Russia is the complete lack of competition from domestic companies. Therefore, the main source of renewal of the park is imported. According to the results of January-December 2012, the volume of imported dump trucks into Russia amounted to more than 380 units, which is 11% lower than the same indicators of 2011 and 57% higher than the 2010 values. The decline in deliveries last year is primarily due to the introduction of the recycling collection from September 1, 2012. After August 22, 2012, when Russia officially joined the WTO, the prospect of a gradual decline in import customs duties forced the Government of the Russian Federation to go to similar measures that caused a whole storm of indignations from market participants. As a result - imported receipts in September 2012 many species of self-propelled equipment in general, and dump trucks on the articulated frame in particular were significantly reduced. In September, only one articulated dump truck was imported. At the same time, the average monthly pace of the importation of the venue in January-August 2012 was higher by 3-4 units of technology than in the same period of 2011.

The undisputed industry leader is Volvo. At the end of 2012, the proportion of this brand in Russian import was 39%. During the last three years, there is a reduction in the share of the Swedish manufacturer, which in 2010 was 61%, in 2011 - 50%. At the same time, it is worth noting a significant decline in deliveries in 2012 and in physical terms at once by 31.5%. As before, the main models remain the VOLVO A40F, Volvo A35F and Volvo A30F.

At the end of 2010, only 6 articulated Caterpillar dump trucks were imported to Russia. In 2012, the import of the American manufacturer significantly grew up both in quantitative and high-quality (all vehicles with the exception of two new and released no later than 2011) expression. This allowed not only to increase its share in the total volume - but also consolidate the second position. Main model: Caterpillar 740B.

In the third position in the volume of imports of the brand Bell. During the period under review, the importation of dump trucks on the articulated frame of the South African manufacturer decreased by 24.5%. The main model imported in 2012 is Bell 40D. In addition, in the period under consideration, 7 BELL B50D 6x6 dump trucks were imported into Russia - this is the most severe articulated semi-alone generation in the Bell Equipment manufacturing line.

At the fourth position, a newcomer is located in the market of articulated Liebherr dump trucks. And this is not a typo! The company with more than half-century history only in 2010 at the largest exhibition of construction equipment Bauma 2010 in Munich presented its first articulated dump truck model TA 230 with a carrying capacity of 30 tons. Up to this point in the extensive line of Liebherr technology, the articulated dump trucks were not. The first copies were delivered Lybherr-Rusland LLC - the official representation of Liebherr in Russia in the middle of 2011. And at the end of 2012, the brand firmly settled among the leaders of the industry, increasing the importance of the importance of the technique under consideration last year at once 6 times !!!

The import of dump trucks on the articulated frame Komatsu remain stable on the last three years. However, given the growing competition from European brands, the Japanese manufacturer loses its share annually. Also among imported in 2012, Terex, Doosan, John Deere and Mitsubishi were marked.

In the distribution of countries where articulated dump trucks, imported to Russia in 2012, also occurred some changes. The first position of Sweden remains unchanged, where, in contrast to the previous years, all imported in the period under consideration, Volvo dump trucks were released.

Preserved the second position of the United Kingdom, as the country of the manufacturer of the considered equipment for the domestic consumer. First of all, thanks to the stable supply of dump trucks on the articulated frame of the Caterpillar brand for 2011 and 2012. Also, the 19 articulated Terex dump trucks collected at the factory in the city of Motherwell (Scotland) were imported to Russia.

The third position of Germany does not cause issues, while the share of the country is constantly growing, reaching 16% in 2012. Among manufacturers of brand Bell and Liebherr. Japan, led by Komatsu, is at the fourth position. South Africa closes the top five leading manufacturers. In the country, 17 dump trucks were collected on the articulated frame of the Bell brand and another 4 John Deere dump truck.

The first position among the companies - recipients of dump trucks on the articulated frame remains for ZAO "Volvo East". At the same time, the company's share decreases following the fall in the import volume of the corresponding brand. In 2010, the division of the Swedish concern occupied 58.8% of imports, in 2011 this value was already 48.7%, and on the basis of the period under consideration amounted to 35.4%

The following are already visible to significant changes in the positions of companies involved in the import of dump trucks on the articulated frame. Bell Ekipment Russland LLC is located in the second position, importing in 2012 all articulated BELL brand dump trucks. The company is responsible for selling hinged dump trucks and other special equipment of the South African manufacturer in Russia, CIS countries, Mongolia and Serbia.

LIBHERR-RUSTAND LLC - for the first time for the first time, due to its activity, he entered the top three leading importers of dump trucks on the articulated frame. Next, three companies are located at once, representing the interests of Caterpillar in Russia. All of them imported almost the same number of the equipment under consideration. Nevertheless, the first of them LLC Eastern Technique is the official dealer of Caterpillar, Sullair and Metso Minerals in Western and Eastern Siberia, Yakutia and the North of the Far East, the second Teppelin Rusland LLC is the official Caterpillar dealer in Central, North-Western , parts of the Volga and Southern Federal Districts. Closes this peculiar Troika LLC "Middle East" - the official dealer of Caterpillar in the Urals, in the Volga region and the Republic of Komi.

Each post-crisis year showed a positive trend. However, for many species of self-propelled wheel equipment, 2012 was the exception rather. Wine, as already noted earlier, became a utilization collection, which made its adjustments to import volumes. Nevertheless, by December, the average monthly level of importation was exceeded by December, which makes it hope that the import of dump trucks on the articulated frame in the next 2-3 years will remain at least at the level of the indicators of last 2012.

It should be expected to expect new players in our market from among the representatives of Asia. The Chinese manufacturer of XCMG special equipment at the last exhibition Bauma China presented to the public with a lifting dump truck with a carrying capacity of 60 tons - the DAE60 model, which continues the line of such cars of the Chinese company - the dump trucks of 30 tons and 45 tons are already presented in it. So far, the domestic consumer has not yet had the opportunity to assess the work of these models in Russia. Let's see what will show us 2013!

Andrei Trusts, Commercial Director ID-Marketing for the April issue of the magazine "Fixed Tools"