Taxi kamikaze. Passenger security does not guarantee no one
We are all with passengers and are obliged to know the rules of the passenger behavior and measures of safe behavior in transport. The passenger is called a face except the driver located in a vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (sits on it) or comes out of the vehicle (coming down from it).
City transport, which transports passengers, is called public. These are trams, trolley buses, buses and metro. All types of public transport are driving on certain routes, learn about which you can by number. Public transport stops equipped with special landing platforms are indicated by pointers.
The rules of conduct in all types of public transport landing into the vehicle is made after its complete stop and when passengers will come out of it. When landing, it must be borne in mind that the doors open and close automatically, do not push, do not fuss, do not interfere with other people. Entering into the salon, it is necessary to look around, choose, not interfering in the bus passengers, a comfortable place, wherever you interfere with anyone and no one bothered. You should see where the spare and emergency exits are located. If there are no free seating sites in the vehicle, you need to try to get up in the passage, without interfering with the movement of passengers, keep the hand of the handrail or for special suspensions. It is impossible to stand at the entrance door, and even more so rely on it, it may accidentally open.
The rules of conduct in all types of public transport move around the cabin is recommended only at a complete stop of the vehicle. It must be remembered that in public transport it is impossible to make noise, stitch, talk loudly, behaving ourselves, there is ice cream. Cannot be littered from windows.
The rules of behavior in the trams, buses and trolley buses when landing in the tram, if the tramways are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the roadway to go to the tram stop, it is necessary to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure the lack of moving transport, head to the stopping tram. Landing into transport, equipped ASKP (automated passenger control system), is made through front doors, and disembarking through the doors on which there is an inscription "output" (except for vehicles equipped with ASKP). As a rule, landing should be done through the rear doors, and disembarking through the front or through the doors on which there is an inscription "Exit".
The rules of behavior in trams, buses and trolleybuses after disembarking from public transport when moving the roadway of the road, it is necessary to be especially attentive, given the intensive movement of transport. When leaving the tram and the bus, if you need to go through the roadway, safer to reach the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and go through the roadway to the other side of the street. In the country road, where there is no designation of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait when the bus will go away, and, making sure the possibility of a safe transition, go the road.
When traveling on a cargo, it is necessary to remember and comply with a number of security measures: you can not stand in the body while driving a truck; You can not move from place to place while driving a truck; You can not leave the truck towards the roadway. Rules of behavior when traveling on a cargo car
Rules of behavior in the subway when descent in the metro on an escalator: Stand on the right, go on the left; It is impossible to run along the steps of the escalator and sit on them. Waiting for the train on the platform: do not go for the restrictive line; If you have fallen on the rails, do not attempt to get this subject, refer to the duty.
Dangerous situations in transport If you have noticed the emergence of a fire on the bus, tram, trolleybus must immediately report a fire to the driver and passengers; Complete the transport and open the doors. When blocking doors for evacuation from the gear of a tunnel, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and outputs through side windows (if necessary, you can knock down with your legs). When evacuating, do not allow panic and perform the directions of the driver. In any transport there are materials that are distinguished by poisonous gases when burning, so it is necessary to strive to leave the salon quickly, but without panic, closing the mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeves.
Immediately inform the machine to the negotiation device immediately and continue to perform its commands. When an open fire appears in the train car while driving traffic, try to put it out using fire extinguishers or remedies under seats. In no case are in no case attempt to stop the train in the emergency stop tunnel; Stay on the ground until the train moves to the tunnel. When stopping the train in the tunnel, do not try to leave it without a driver team. After resolving the output, open the door or, if there is no other output and your life threatens mortal robes, fold the windows, exit the car and move in the direction indicated by the machine. If the fire has arisen in the metro car 14
The car has long ceased to be luxury. With the help of a convenient vehicle, you can easily reach the destination. But it should be remembered that the car is also an increased risk zone. The safety of vehicle movement is provided by both the driver and passengers. Therefore, that the trip brings only pleasure, some rules should be followed.
We check the technical condition of the car
First of all, it is necessary to make a general assessment of the state of the vehicle. The driver inspects the state of removable parts (bumper, long-range mirrors, wipers). Mirrors are a very important element of any car. Before going to the long road, each driver must set them up correctly. Further should pay attention to Farm. They must be without feast and scratches. In good condition should also be glass vehicle.
The safety of the vehicle management largely depends on the health of the main systems. If the driver cannot make an assessment yourself, you should go to a hundred. About the presence of faults can also be judged at the place where the car was standing for a long time. Leak technical fluids can talk about the presence of a serious malfunction. If antifreeze, fuel or brake fluid are detected under the car, should not be sent to the long road. The vehicle must be fully working.
Technical inspection
The safety of the vehicle management in Russia is regulated by the state with the help of a compulsory technical inspection. Car owners must be carried out annually. If the driver has no corresponding coupon, it has no right to sit behind the wheel. Only machines that have a working engine, a working brake system, security can be allowed to participate in the road movement.
To enormous regret, in the Russian Federation today there is corruption. According to statistical data, about 50% of car owners received a technical inspection coupon thanks to bribes. It only aggravates the situation on domestic roads. A huge number of accidents occurs due to malfunction of vehicles. But serious problems can be avoided, to be honest and timely perform the inspection of the car. Especially since this procedure does not take much time and does not require large financial costs.
vehicle
The safety of passengers of vehicles lies primarily on the driver's shoulders. There are a number of responsibilities that the driver must perform, sitting behind the wheel of the car. Only a person who has right can manage the machine. It is confirmed by it documented by the driver's license. This document is issued after passing the appropriate learning and passing exams. Certificate of the right to control the car (driver's license) must always be having when traveling driving.
Only some services (police, ambulance) are entitled to the vehicle. The driver must have permission to such a fixture. Violation with reference to the legally installed beacon threatens a serious penalty. And if such actions entail human sacrifices, criminal responsibility is possible.
Insurance
There are various means of providing transport security. One of them is insurance. To date, this document is required for registration. Employees of the traffic police have the right to ask the driver to provide information about the insurance policy. Why is it needed? This document allows the driver to be more protected on the road and not be the hostage of an emergency. Avoid an accident insurance, of course, will not help. He will protect from extra costs. After all, it often happens that the driver, hitting an accident, is not one of his own fault, it simply does not have means for restoring the car.
The insurance contract can be issued in any company. The law is not described by the law. The cost of the service will depend on the brand of the car, the territory of the insurance coverage, the conditions of compensation in the event of an emergency. Before concluding an agreement, an employee of the company assesses the compliance of the vehicle with security requirements. If the machine has not passed a technical inspection, the risk of an accident occurs. Insurance company, in this case, simply does not want to make a deal.
How is the safety of vehicle operation?
When driving a car, the driver is obliged to closely monitor the situation on the road, and also respond to its changes in a timely manner. It is forbidden to be distracted from control, talking on a mobile phone. If there are means of providing transport security, they must be used. These are various headrests and belts. Such means may not use only persons who are trained driving if the speed of movement is less than 40 km / h.
Move through the roadway on a motorcycle, moped or any other open transport in a special helmet. Passengers should also be provided with necessary security tools. It is forbidden to carry more than one passenger on a motorcycle or moped.
Any actions that violate the safety of passengers of vehicles are prosecuted. It is forbidden to throw garbage while driving. Even the most simple candy candy can create serious obstacles to other traffic participants. Also, you can also go with the opened car doors. If the vehicle is defective, the driver is obliged to turn on the alarm and move along the carriageway at the minimum speed.
Alcohol behind the wheel
Everyone knows what to get behind the wheel of a car after drinking alcohol is prohibited. But it is not all observed. Meanwhile, the safety of passengers of vehicles cannot be provided if the driver made at least a few sips of wine. Alcohol instantly slows down the reaction of the person. It is no longer possible to respond quickly to the situation happening on the road.
Regulations on the safety of vehicles provides for responsibility for driving drunk drive. In 2014, the conditions tightened even more. It is worth only the driver to get to traffic cops a second time, as he will threaten the loss of freedom for two years. The first time can be separated by a fine, as well as the deprivation of rights to control the vehicle.
Tired? Do not get behind the wheel!
According to statistics, 40% of road accidents occur due to the poor health of the driver. Many are so tired that they just fall asleep at the wheel. It is worth remembering that the driver is responsible for the safety of passengers of vehicles, as well as other road users. Therefore, in no case can you get behind the wheel if the body temperature is increased or could not sleep.
Some drugs can also be a reason to stay at home. There are medicines that slow down the driver's response. Before taking any medication, you must explore the instructions. Usually it is indicated whether it is possible to sit behind the wheel after drinking tablets. In law, of course, the possibility of driving in a painful state is not negotiated. But everyone himself is responsible for its condition and can appreciate how it will affect the safety of motion.
Child in car
Special attention should be treated for the transportation of children. The child has no right to be on the front seat until they reach 14 years. Technical means of providing transport safety of children are special car seats and belts. A person whose growth does not reach 150 cm must be in a special seat. Children's car seats are sold today in any specialized store. They are easy to pick up in the age and growth of the child.
In no case can you keep the kid while driving on your hands. If the passenger is not fastened, the collision when moving 45-50 km / h is equivalent to a drop from the second floor. You can only imagine what injuries will receive a child. But the high-quality chair will help save life and health. In case of an accident, the baby threatens as a maximum of a pair of abrasion and scratches.
Airbag will help save life
With any emergency, passengers most often get injuries as a result of blows oh, it would seem mild vehicle elements. But even the front seat cannot be so elastic as a airbag. This element is not necessarily, but significantly reduces the likelihood of injury as a result of an accident.
The safety of vehicle operation is largely dependent on the installation of the main elements. Airbag is not an exception. If it is wrong to fasten it, she simply will not reveal. Therefore, to trust this business is better specialists for a hundred.
Comfort - security pledge
If a long trip is to have, be sure to worry about the comfort of the driver. In the process of controlling the vehicle, the back and limbs should not fall. To be convenient, you should adjust the chair and the position of the steering wheel. Be sure to check the status they should not shy drivers. You should think about the fact that in the process of movement the steering wheel will have to keep both hands. Only this can be carried out control over the vehicle. Therefore, it makes sense to prepare special armrests for which you can put hands so that they are not quickly tired.
No matter how long the path is, it is necessary to take breaks for rest. Ideally, there should be two driver in the car. Every 8 hours they will change each other.
Let's summarize
It is impossible to be safe for safety at the wheel. But every driver must do everything to preserve the life and health of your passengers. First of all, it is necessary to obtain a certificate of safety of the vehicle (Talon then). It is not worth getting behind the wheel in a state of fatigue and with poor well-being. Alcoholic intoxication with car control is categorically incompatible!
The safety of passengers in the vehicle is ensured using the means such as pillows, belts and special chairs. Before a long trip, all these items should be examined for faults.
If you witnessed an accident at rail transport, call 112.
General Security Rules in the train:
From the point of view of security, the best places in the train are central wagons, a coupe with an emergency window or located closer to the output from the car, the bottom shelves. As soon as you ended up in the car, find out where emergency exits and fire extinguishers are located.
Observe the following rules:
. Choose seats against the train movement, because In case the hooligans throw a stone window, you have much more chances that he will not fall into you;
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when moving the train, do not open the exterior doors, do not stand on the steps and do not stick out of the windows;
. Carefully lay the luggage on the upper luggage shelves;
. Do not break up without the need for a stop-crane;
. Remember that even during the fire can not be stopped the train on the bridge, in the tunnel and in other places where the evacuation is complicated;
. smoke only in the installed places;
. Do not with you combustible, chemical and explosive substances;
. Do not include household appliances in the wagon power grid;
. With the smell of burning rubber or the appearance of smoke, immediately refer to the conductor;
. Place (especially at night) in those coupe, where someone is already there;
. Do not fall asleep if your fellow travelers call your distrust;
. Remember your fellow travelers: names, signs, end stations;
. Do not eat and do not take a treat from travelers;
. Keep the light in the coupe included, even if it interferes with rest;
. Do not leave the doors ajar, as it allows you to see from the corridor what is happening in the coupe;
. When you drive in a second-class car, keep documents or wallet in a safe place, a briefcase - closer to the wall;
. The most valuable (money, keys, documents) take with you even in the toilet - in a wallet, a waist bag or bag over the shoulder;
. At intermediate stations during the outlet of passengers, thieves can easily use the universal turmoil, quickly running through the car, so keep your bag, jacket and personal things, do not leave them on the next seat.
How to act with a railway accident.
When crashing or emergency braking, consolidate so as not to fall. To do this, grab the handrails and step into the wall or seat of your feet. Sufficient to fall on the floor of the car. After the first strike, do not relax and keep all the muscles intense until it becomes completely clear that the movements will no longer be. .jpg)
Immediately after the accident, you quickly choose from the car through the door or windows - emergency outputs (depending on the situation), since the likelihood of a fire is high. If necessary, break the coupe window only with severe gear items. When leaving the wagon through an emergency exit, select only on the field side (where there are no railway tracks) railway track, taking with you documents, money, clothing or blankets. With a fire in the car, close the windows so that the wind does not inflate the flame, and leave the fire in the front wagons. If it is impossible - go to the end of the train, closing all the doors tightly. Before entering the corridor, prepare the protection for breathing: hats, scarves, pieces of fabric moistened with water. Remember that in case of fire, the material that is lined with the walls of wagons - Milminithic - highlights toxic gas, life-threatening.
Once from the outside, immediately turn into rescue work: if necessary, help passengers of other coupe break the windows, pull out victims, etc.
If the fuel differed in the accident, go away from the train to a safe distance, because Possible fire and explosion.
If the cocked wire is turned off and concerns the Earth, remove from it by jumping or short chambers to protect yourself from step tension. The distance to which the electric stroke spreads on the ground can be from two (dry ground) up to 30 m (wet).
Security rules when finding railway transportation facilities.
Walking in paths in unidentified places is the most common violation on railway transport. But it is known that the unexpected appearance of a person on the paths or under the standing composition can lead to an accident and impaired movement. Moscow road machinists have tremendous experience and carefully instructed in cases of emergency situations, but even their professionalism and automatic reaction will not be able to force the multiple composition to stay for a split second.
The brake path of the train varies from 33 to 1000 m, instant stop is impossible. Therefore, the paths are recommended only in specially intended places, be sure to directly go to the direction of paths, not advancing the rail head so as not to slip and do not fall. The arrow translation is prohibited for the transition the place, to predict the arrow mode of the arrow is not unreleased. When crossing paths, in no case cannot be moved to the railway cloth immediately after the prey of the train: it is important to make sure that there is no oncoming composition, for which it is necessary to wait, when the tail car will be removed from the limits of visibility.
A person who turned out between moving trains risks doubly: the power of the air flow created by the compositions reaches 16 tons. It seems to get into such vice, not a single sensible person will not wish.
Still wagons are still immobile only at first glance. To approach them closer than 5 meters, it is impossible - any wagon at the station is in operation, so it can start moving at any moment. It is strictly forbidden to be under standing or, even more so, moving rolling stock. This is never done by the railway workers.
According to statistics, often cases with people walking in parallel railways. If a person cannot avoid following the track of the railway, then go in a rut of the associated direction is unacceptable: distracting only on a counter train, a person may not hear signals of the back pass through.
There are certain rules of behavior at the station territory, the violation of which is extremely dangerous:
It is not allowed until the landing in a standing car intercelace the restrictive line on the platform, and jump from the platform or climb on it from the paths is very risky.
When boarding the electric train, the passenger must realize that the forced opening of the entrance doors, the passage to the door at the moments of their automatic opening or closure is unacceptable, because the pressure compression pressure is equivalent to 8 atmospheres, and the drop from the train "incompatibly with life". It is just as dangerous and also unacceptably torn out from the windows of the car.
A special conversation concerns the contact network. The voltage in the wires is extremely high: from 3.5 to 27,500 volts (for comparison: at home in the wiring - 220 volts). Strong burn from the contact wire can occur at a distance of less than 2 meters.
- Remember public transport.
- Examine the basic passenger safety rules.
- To form knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.
- A number of rules of behavior in the bus
- A number of rules of behavior in trams, trolleybuses
- A number of rules of behavior when traveling on a cargo vehicle
- you must immediately report a fire to the driver and passengers; Complete the transport and open the doors.
- When blocking doors for evacuation from the vehicle salon, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and outputs through side windows (if necessary, you can knock down with legs with your feet).
- When evacuating, do not allow panic and perform the directions of the driver.
- In any transport there are materials that are distinguished by poisonous gases when burning, so it is necessary to strive to leave the salon quickly, but without panic, closing the mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeves.
- immediately inform the machine to the negotiation device immediately and continue to perform its commands.
- When an open fire appears in the train car while driving traffic, try to put it out using fire extinguishers or remedies under seats.
- In no case are in no case attempt to stop the train in the emergency stop tunnel; Stay on the ground until the train moves to the tunnel. When stopping the train in the tunnel, do not try to leave it without a driver team.
- After resolving the output, open the doors or, if there is no other output and your life threatens a mortal danger, get the legs of the glass, exit the car and move in the direction indicated by the machinist.
- City public transport follows a definite route and transports passengers.
- On a special signpost of public transport stopping, you can find out which stop will be the following
- During the movement of the bus, try to hold on the hand
- In case of locking doors, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors
- In the event of a fire on the bus, you need to open all the windows and venture the cabin
- Remember public transport.
- Examine the basic passenger safety rules.
- To form knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.
- Make up their rules for using transport that you most often use
Waiting for the train on the platform:
stand on the right, go on the left;
Rules of behavior in trams, buses and trolley buses
Trucks used to transport people are specially equipped with an awning, a staircase for planting and disembarking, seats in the body. If children are transported, a truck must have a body-van and identifying sign "Transportation of Children". With children there should be an adult.
It is necessary to remember and follow a number of security measures:
It is impossible to stand in the body while moving the truck;
You can not move from place to place while driving a truck;
Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.
You can not leave the truck toward the roadway road
When descent on the metro on the escalator:
Expect the bus, trolleybus, the tram is only necessary on the landing site, and in case it is not - on the sidewalk or the side of the road.
When landing in the tram, if the tram paths are located in the midst of the street and you need to cross the roadway to approach the tram stop, you need to examine both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving transport, go to the stopping tram.
Waiting for the train on the platform:
do not go for the restrictive line;
Landing in transport, produced through front doors, and disembarkation - through the doors on which there is an inscription "Exit"
As a rule, landing should be done through the rear doors, and disembarkation - through the front or through the doors, on which there is an inscription "Exit".
To pay for travel in transport, tickets with a magnetic strip and non-contact smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards are used.
After disembarking from public transport when moving the roadway, it is necessary to be especially attentive, given the intensive movement of transport. When leaving the tram and the bus, if you need to go through the roadway, safer to reach the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and go through the roadway to the other side of the street. In the country road, where there is no designation of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait when the bus will go away, and, making sure the possibility of a safe transition, go the road.
stand on the right, go on the left;
it is impossible to run along the steps of the escalator and sit on them.
if you have fallen on the rails, do not attempt to get this subject, refer to the duty.
Man for the convenience of movement created vehicles. Today, we can not even imagine our life in the city without buses, trams, trolleybuses, metro.
We are accustomed to using vehicles to travel to school, shop, to the stadium, in another city or country. For this, there is urban, water, air and railway transport. Passenger A person, except for the driver, located in a vehicle (on it), as well as a person who is included in the vehicle (sits on it) or comes out of the vehicle (coming down from it). So, we are all with passengers and are obliged to know the rules of the passenger behavior and measures of safe behavior in transport.
Urban transport that transports passengers is called public. These are trams, trolley buses, buses and metro.
All types of public transport are driving on certain routes, learn about which you can by number. Public transport stops equipped with special landing platforms are indicated by pointers.
In order for the transport trip to the transport, it is important to comply with the generally accepted rules.
Secure transport behavior
Rules of conduct in all types of public transport
Landing into the vehicle is made after its complete stop and when passengers will come out of it. When landing, it must be borne in mind that the doors open and close automatically, it is impossible to push, you can not fuss, you can not interfere with other people.
Entering into the salon, you need to look around, choose, without preventing the passengers who are in the bus, a comfortable place, wherever you interfere with anyone and no one bothered. You should see where the spare and emergency exits are located. If there are no free seating sites in the vehicle, you need to try to get up in the passage, without interfering with the movement of passengers, keep the hand of the handrail or for special suspensions. It is impossible to stand at the entrance door, and even more so rely on it, it may accidentally open.
It is necessary to remember that in public transport it is impossible to make noise, stitch, talk loudly, behaving ourselves to behave, there is ice cream. Cannot be littered from windows.
Rules of behavior in trams, buses and trolley buses
Expect the bus, trolleybus, the tram is only on the landing site, and in case it is not - on the sidewalk or the side of the road.
When landing in the tram, if the tramways are located in the midst of the street and you need to cross the roadway to approach the tram stop, you need to examine both sides of the road and, making sure the lack of moving transport, go to the stopping tram.
Landing in transport, equipped ASKP (automated passenger control system), is performed through front doors, and disembarkation - through the doors on which there is an inscription "Exit" (except for vehicles equipped with ASKP).
As a rule, landing should be done through the rear doors, and the disembarkation is through the front or through the doors on which there is an "output" inscription.
To pay for travel in transport, equipped with ASKP, tickets are used with a magnetic strip and non-contact smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards.
After disembarking from public transport during the transition of the roadway, it is necessary to be especially attentive, given the intensive movement of transport. When leaving the tram and the bus, if you need to go through the roadway, safer to reach the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and go through the roadway to the other side of the street. In the country road, where there is no designation of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait when the bus will go away, and, making sure the possibility of a safe transition, go the road.
Rules of behavior when traveling on a cargo car
Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.
Trucks used to transport people are specially equipped with an awning, a staircase for planting and disembarking, seats in the body. If children are transported, a truck must have a body-van and identifying sign "Transportation of Children". With children there should be an adult.
When traveling on a cargo car It is necessary to remember and follow a number of security measures:
it is impossible to stand in the body while moving the truck;
you can not move from place to place while driving a truck;
you can not leave the truck towards the roadway.
Rules of behavior in the subway
When descent on the metro on the escalator:
stand on the right, go on the left;
it is impossible to run along the steps of the escalator and sit on them.
Waiting for the train on the platform:
do not go for the restrictive line;
if you have fallen on the rails, do not attempt to get this subject, refer to the duty.
Dangerous situations in transport
, it is necessary to immediately report fire to the driver and passengers; Complete the transport and open the doors.
When blocking doors for evacuation from the vehicle salon, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and outputs through side windows (if necessary, you can knock down with legs with your feet). When evacuating, do not allow panic and perform the directions of the driver.
In any transport there are materials that are distinguished by poisonous gases when burning, so it is necessary to strive to leave the salon quickly, but without panic, closing the mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeves.
If the fire has arisen in the metro car, immediately inform the machine to the negotiation device and continue to perform his commands.
When an open fire appears in the train car while driving traffic, try to put it out using fire extinguishers or remedies under seats.
In no case are in no case attempt to stop the train in the emergency stop tunnel; Stay on the ground until the train moves to the tunnel. When stopping the train in the tunnel, do not try to leave it without a driver team.
After resolving the output, open the doors or, if there is no other output and your life threatens a mortal danger, get the legs of the glass, exit the car and move in the direction indicated by the machinist.
1. Who is considered a passenger?
2. What transport do you use more often? Make the rules for using this transport.
In the Safety Diary, write down the summary of the rules of behavior in the event of dangerous situations on transport.
1. Imagine that there was a fire on the bus. Describe passenger action.
2. You go down on the escalator in the subway. Suddenly drop the package, and it slides down the steps down. Your actions?
| Thing | Basics of life safety |
| Class | 5 |
| Theme lesson | Passenger. Passenger safety |
| The purpose of the lesson | Consider the overall responsibilities of the passenger, to systematize their importance on the rules of safe conduct in public transport to provide personal security. |
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Educational: To summarize knowledge about urban transport. Create conditions for studying and consolidating the rules of the behavior of passengers in emergency situations. Developing: The development of cognitive interests of students, the ability to work in a group with a textbook, additional material, analyze, draw conclusions; Develop creative, communicative abilities, student imagination. Educational:educating caution, form a sense of responsibility for your actions and for the security of others. |
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| Wood | Personal Wood: The development of sustainable cognitive motivation and interest in the topic studied, the formation of the ability to self-determination, the development of empathy, respectfulness to other things. Regulatory Wood:the ability of students to set educational goals and lesson tasks; Plan your activities under the guidance of a teacher, to evaluate the work of classmates, work in accordance with the task, compare the results obtained with the expected. Cognitive Wood:independently allocate and formulate the informational purpose of the lesson, to define the concepts; structuring knowledge; consciously and arbitrarily build a speech statement in oral and writing; Making analysis and selection of information, process information to obtain the desired result. Communicative Woods: Collaboration with teacher and classmates in finding and collecting information, the ability to express your thoughts. |
| Planned results | Subject:know the overall duties of the passenger when using public transport. Personal safety rules when using tram, trolleybus and subway. Providing personal security in the event of a dangerous situation in public transport. Personal:the ability to express your attitude to what is happening, give your assessment. MetaPered:the ability to independently determine the goals of training, set tasks; the ability to conduct an independent search, analysis, information selection; develop the motives and interests of their cognitive activity; The ability to evaluate the correctness of the learning task. |
| Basic concepts | Passenger; Public transport types. |
| Interdimensional connections | History, geography |
| Lesson resources | Tutorial, workbook, multimedia equipment. |
| Forms lesson | Frontal, group. |
| Technologies | Technology of problem reading, ICT, training in collaboration. |
| Stage lesson | Content and teacher's activities | Activities teaching | Wood (Universal Training Actions) |
| I. . Organizational |
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- Teachers will decide, -Asually control your readiness for the lesson-disposable to jobs. |
Personal: Self-organization. Regulatory: Ability to regulate your actions, predict activities in the lesson |
| II. . Repeat material passed. | Activation of students using trap issues. The requires, I suggest you recall the material passed. What is the road? (This is equipped or adapted and used for vehicles strip of earth or surface of artificial structures.) Why do you need the markup of the road?(To ensure safety on the streets and roads, controlling the flow of vehicles and pedestrians.) What are the names that inform the driver about the approach to a dangerous area of \u200b\u200bthe road?(warning signs.) Well done know well material | - Assign on questions, are inspired, - give examples |
Personal: The ability to express your thoughts, bring examples, to conclude. ability to reasoning Communicative: interact with the teacher by the group. Cognitive: Ability to analyze, allocate and formulate the task; The ability to consciously build a speech statement. |
| III . Motivation of training activities | And now I ask you to turn your attention to the screen (slides 1) Tell me guys what you see on the screen? How do you rate this situation? Let's try to formulate theme of the lesson? "Passenger. Passenger Security " What is the purpose of studying the subject of the lesson? Consider the overall duties of the passenger, the rules of safe behavior in public transport. To come to our goal, we will need to solve a number of tasks. To achieve the objective of the lesson, what will help us?(textbook, notebook, projector, reference material) | — answer questions; - are optimal solutions; - fixing the topic of the lesson in the notebook; - and fixation of the observed processes (writing and orally) | Personal: building logical reasoning Communicative : the expression of your thoughts, the argument of your opinions Regulatory : planning consecutive actions |
| IV . Statement of new material |
Man for the convenience of movement created vehicles. Today we can even imagine our life. We are accustomed to using transport to school trips, shop, to the stadium, in another city or country. For this, there are different types of transport. What types of transport do you know? Transport urban water air rail Now I suggest you to unite in groups of 2 people, and using the material of the tutorial page 39 What transport is called public What do you think who is a passenger. Let's formulate the definition of the passenger. |
In the course of independent work with the textbook and students allocate the necessary information, write down |
The ability to express your opinion, listen to the opinions of others Performing educational actions in accordance with the task (P). The ability to express your opinion, listen to the opinions of others (K) |
| V. . Phizkultminutka | Video | Fizkultminutku perform | |
| VI .Practical work | I now suggest you to unite into small groups of 2 people and consider the rules of behavior in public transport: Tell the guys, someone from you drove in the subway?Are there rules for behavior in the subway? (Yes) What, can you call them?The guys also can meet with dangerous situations in public transport. Let's read them in our tutorial page 43 and find out what they can be. | — formation of safe operation; - Execution of practical work using instruction cards. |
Personal: mastering the norms and rules of labor organization; Development of hard work and responsibility for the quality of its activities Regulatory: the ability to apply the knowledge gained in practice to monitor the result, identifying mistakes in the labor process and the rationale for their correction Cognitive: The ability to navigate in the concepts. Communicative Interact with the teacher by the group. |
| VII Framework material | I gave you sheets with a task where you need to choose the correct answer. If you agree to the statement, then put the figure (1), if not (0). I will ask you to sign the names and answer them. City public transport follows a definite route and transports passengers. (one) On a special signpost of public transport stopping, you can find out which stop will be the following (0) During the movement of the bus, try to keep the handrails (1) In case of locking doors, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors (0) In the event of a fire on the bus, you need to open all the windows and ventilate the cabin (0) |
- Associate, - answer questions, | Reasoning (L). Formulation of answers (P). |
| VIII. . Reflection |
Guys now let's look at our scale and determine how much |
Give an assessment of its activities in the lesson and the achieved learning outcomes. | Regulatory: evaluation of the results achieved |
| IX .Homework | Make up your rules for using the transport that you most often use.To perform your homework, you can use the textbook, or the Internet source. |
Teaching listen and record homework in diaries. |
Personal : Development and deepening needs and motives of educational and educational activities |
Rules of behavior in trams, buses and trolley buses
- Trucks used to transport people are specially equipped with an awning, a staircase for planting and disembarking, seats in the body. If children are transported, a truck must have a body-van and identifying sign "Transportation of Children". With children there should be an adult. It is necessary to remember and observe a number of security measures: it is impossible to stand in the body during the movement of the truck; You can not move from place to place while driving a truck; Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks. You can not leave the truck towards the roadway during the descent of the metro on the escalator: to expect a bus, trolleybus, the tram is only on the landing site, and in case there is no - on the sidewalk or the side of the road. When landing in the tram, if the tram paths are located in the midst of the street and you need to cross the roadway to approach the tram stop, you need to examine both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving transport, go to the stopping tram. Waiting for the train on the platform: do not go for the restrictive line; Landing in transport is made through front doors, and disembarkation - through the doors on which there is an inscription "Exit" as a rule, landing should be made through the rear doors, and disembarkation - through the front or through the doors on which the "output" is available. To pay for travel in transport, tickets with a magnetic strip and non-contact smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards are used. After disembarking from public transport when moving the roadway, it is necessary to be especially attentive, given the intensive movement of transport. When leaving the tram and the bus, if you need to go through the roadway, safer to reach the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and go through the roadway to the other side of the street. In the country road, where there is no designation of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait when the bus will go away, and, making sure the possibility of a safe transition, go the road. Stand on the right, go on the left; It is impossible to run along the steps of the escalator and sit on them. If you have fallen on the rails, do not attempt to get this subject, refer to the duty.
Objectives lesson
Consider the overall duties of the passenger, the rules of safe conduct in public transport to ensure personal security
Types of transport
well \\ Road
air
urban
What is public transport
public transport.
If there are many people in the car, then such a car is called public transport.
If there are many people in the car, then such a car is called public transport.
If there are many people in the car, then such a car is called public transport.
Bus station
Route taxi
Trolleybus
Stop this is an important part of the road
Wait for the bus, trolleybus or tram you only need to stop - places marked with such signs, as in the drawings. And where they are not - on the sidewalk. In rural areas, if there is no equipped stop, the bus await on the side of the road.
REMEMBER!
At the bus stop can never stand at the sidewalk. You can inadvertently push, and you will be under the wheels.
Passenger - face located in the vehicle, as well as incoming and coming out of it.
Dangerous situations
in transport
If you notice the emergence of a fire on the bus, tram, trolleybus
In trolleybus and tram, metal parts may be under voltage, so, leaving the interior, it is better not to touch them.
Leave the tram or trolleybus in this case it is necessary to jump with a landing at the same time on both legs.
If the fire originated
in the metro carriage
The organization and implementation of outdoor activities in natural conditions is often associated with the need to use various types of transport (ground, air and water). The number of vehicles in the world is constantly increasing, the speed of their movement increases, their reliability and comfort increases, improves engines and fuel, contributing to the reduction of the surrounding environment.
At the same time, it is impossible to fully ensure the safety of the movement of passengers on any type of transport. Crashing and catastrophes on transport occurred and occur. In this regard, many drivers and tourists die annually and receive injuries.
Safety on all types of transport is provided by a person and depends on its level of preparation and responsibility when using a vehicle. The safety of tourists provide specialists who participate in the preparation of vehicles, their management, control the observance of the rules of movement. There are special services responsible for the safety of ground, air and water vehicles.
Each tourist (passenger) for its part can also increase the level of personal security. It should potentially be ready for an emergency and, if necessary, maximize its useful opportunities for saving life and health. In addition, the passenger is obliged to comply with a number of security rules when moving by a certain type of transport.
In modern conditions, specialists in the field of life safety have developed various recommendations on the secure behavior of the passenger in the way and its actions in various emergency situations. Consider some situations that may arise when traveling by car and train.
Tourist security in the car
Imagine that you are traveling with parents on a personal car for the city. Before starting the movement, it is necessary to fasten the safety belts, and the removal of the belt is only for the type (without the necessary tension) at the accident will be the cause of additional injuries.
1) should be very strained by the whole body (muscles);
2) you should draw your head into the shoulders;
3) Hands should be raised up, grab your head with hands, protecting against the blow;
4) should not be relaxed until the car stops;
5) Do not jump out of the car during its collision or turning.
In case the car turns over, you should fall into the next seat (if you are not fastened by seat belts), firmly grab the seat and bug into it face.
When fireing a car (as a rule, the fire begins under the hood) it must be remembered that a person can be in a tanned car no more than a minute, since the entire car burns within a few minutes. To ensure personal safety, it is necessary to close the mouth and nose with a cloth (scarf, handkerchief, shirt) and quickly leave the interior after stopping the car.
Tourist safety in the train
When landing in a train, you must follow the following rules:1) should not run along the platform next to the carriage of the arriving train;
2) stand closer 2 m from the edge of the platform during the passage of the train;
3) should be approached by a car after a complete train stop;
4) produce landing into the wagon only from the perron or landing platform;
5) entering the car, to assist passengers to place things in the coupe;
6) get everything from baggage, which will be required on the road before putting it on the shelves and in special departments;
7) Heavy things to place below, so that with the push of the train they did not fall from the shelf.
When driving a train, the following personal safety rules must be followed:
1) During the train movement, it is written out from the window;
2) open outdoor train doors;
3) stand on the footboard;
4) touch without the need of stop-crane;
5) depart far from the train, leaving the car at stops;
6) you should think about your actions if the place is located on the upper shelf, so as not to fall from it in the case of a sharp braking of the train;
7) For drinking water only from titanium (large boiler for water), located next to the conductor's coupe, or selling in plastic bottles.
In the event of a fire, it is necessary to report this to the conductor immediately. If it is impossible to smear the fire and contact the head of the train or the driver, you need to stop the train using a stop crane and try to get out of the car through the doors or windows. It is strictly prohibited at the same time:
1) jump out of the moving train from the carriage;
2) Trying to get onto the roof of the train.
If the burning train continues to move, and the fire has arisen in the front cars, then you should go to the cars of the train, where there is no fire, closing the doors tightly (it is advisable to move it tightly, but breathe through the wet cloth).
Sometimes accidents occur on railway transport. In this case, during the push (impact), you should try to grab your hands for fixed parts of the car or grouped and cover your head with your hands to avoid injuries.
When tipping the wagon in the event of an accident, it is necessary to grasp the protrusions of the shelves and other fixed parts of the car, close the eyes and move the legs into the wall. After the car will find stability, it is necessary to look around and outline the way out of it if the door jammed, you should get out through the windows.
Providing personal safety tourist on water transport
Every day in our country, river and sea vessels transport over a million people. Modern ships are equipped with satellite navigation and radio communications. He is controlled by all shipping vehicles, constant radio communications is monitored.
All passenger ships in case of accident have rescue funds: inflatable rafts, boats, life jackets and suits. For all passengers and crew members there are spaces on a rescue agent (in the boat and on the raft).
In addition, there are international disaster signals to the sea that serve the tricks of ships to attract attention and get help. Having received such a signal, the captain of any vessel, which was nearby, is obliged to take all measures to assist those who are in danger.
However, despite all security measures, and currently several dozen ships die every year. The main causes of the death of ships are their collision in the sea, the emergence of a fire on the vessel, a storm.
Safety regulations. Practice shows that troubles can be avoided if you follow certain security rules. Specialists recommend every person who risen to the deck of the ship, to know and strictly fulfill a number of generally accepted rules. Each passenger should know where he should be and what to do in case of evacuation and in which specifically the boat is defined its place.
In an emergency, it is impossible to be a panic. Each ship has developed its own evacuation procedure that needs to be performed. Each passenger should be able to use the rescue vest, for which it is necessary to explore the instructions for use.
It is also necessary to know what to do with fire alarm. Therefore, it is especially important to remember the path for which you will have to be selected on the boat deck.
Passengers should be refrained from walking on the open deck, if it is wet or when the sea is a storm. It is also important to know the location of the ship's vocabulary.
It should be remembered about the possible appearance of another trouble - marine disease. It occurs when swinging and accompanied by a headache, cold sweat, nausea and vomiting. To prevent this disease, it is recommended:
To do something to distract;
- stay outdoors, avoid the sun;
- Drink very little and take a small amount of food every hour, despite the absence of appetite.
Tourist actions during shipwreck. One of the most important rules that must be remembered by a man in shipwreck is not to panic and quickly perform all the instructions of the captain and crew of the vessel.
Documents should be taken with you, pre-wrapped them into a plastic bag, without removing clothes and shoes to wear a life jacket. It is necessary quickly, but without a rush to climb to the upper deck and at the crew team, when the queue is suitable, get into the rescue (in the boat, on the raft).
In the event that it is not possible to sit in the boat (on the raft), it is necessary to jump into the water with semi-bent feet down (the life jacket will already bend), closing the nose and mouth with one hand, and another clasping itself for the belt, so as not to break the life jacket. Once in the water, it is necessary as quickly as possible, sailing from the ship. If necessary, participate in joint actions to save and assist those who need it.
Seeing the boat in which there are free places, you should swim to her and with the help of rescuers to climb it. If there are no places in the boat, you need to ask for help to throw a cable (file, rope), it is necessary to bind the cable under the mouse and sail behind the boat.
Being in a boat (on a raft) with strong solar irradiation, it is necessary to protect the head and open areas of the body to avoid sunlight and burn. With emergency swimming (on a subsidiary vessel), the supply of water and provisions should be rationally use and believe in salvation.
Providing personal safety tourist in air transport
Aviation transport is the most modern, relatively safe and comfortable type of transport.
It is known that aircraft have a high flight speed and can deliver passengers, including tourists, at the specified point of the planet in a matter of hours.
At the beginning of the XXI century. Even the first space tourists appeared who traveled around the Earth on a commercial basis.
Comfortable flight conditions and the speed of arrival to the place of recreation make aviation transport are increasingly attractive for long-distance travel.
Dozens of highly qualified aviation experts are answered on land for the safety of flight. These include engineers and mechanics who are preparing a plane to the departure, specialists of the dispatch service, which ensure the management of the aircraft on Earth and in the air, specialists of the meteorological service, preparing the weather forecast at the airfield of takeoff and landing and on the route of the aircraft flight, as well as specialists supporting continuous Reliable communication with the aircraft crew.
Controlled airliners carrying passengers, aviation experts (pilots, assaults, flights, radio players) who are able to bring a plane to any destination in complex meteo conditions, at any time of the year, day and night.
Each aircraft is equipped with special means that ensure the safety of passengers in flight and in the event of a dangerous situation.
To ensure personal safety, passengers must execute a number of rules. Consider the most important of them.
Preparation of passengers (tourists) to the uplight of the aircraft. Manual journal of tourists should be placed under the seat in front of the standing chair. It is forbidden to place manual stack from emergency exits and in the aisles.
The shelf above the passenger's head is designed for outerwear and personal belongings.
Having made his place in the cabin, it is necessary to make sure that the folding table is closed before the passenger, and the back of the chair should be brought into a vertical position. Next, you should open the curtains on the portholes, fasten and tighten the seat belts.
Passengers need to carefully listen to the stuardes information about the rules of behavior, security tools on board the aircraft and the rescue equipment: emergency exits, their location and designation.
Specialists recommend remembering the rules for use of an oxygen mask (an oxygen mask is provided on board the aircraft for each passenger). Stewardles will explain how to use the oxygen mask in case of depressurization of the aircraft in the air. She will show how to use a rescue vest in the event of an emergency landing of the aircraft on the water. The passenger needs to be remembered, where the life jacket is located (in the panel above the chair or under the seat of the chair on which it sits, - depending on the type of aircraft).
In the plane. In case of depressurization of the aircraft salon in the air, it is necessary to immediately wear an oxygen mask, fasten the seat belts and prepare for emergency decrease. To activate the mask before putting on, you need to dramatically pull.
When accidental accident, you need to take a secure fixed pose:
1) bend and tightly pinch hands under the knees;
2) tilt the knees as low as possible;
3) Legs to rest in the floor, pre-extending them;
4) at the moment of strike, it is grouped and strained;
5) Do not leave your place until the aircraft stops.
With a fire in the plane. Modern aircraft are equipped with reliable means of fire extinguishing. In the event of a fire, the crew according to the instructions will take all measures to put out the fire and land the plane on the nearest airfield.
In case of fire, passengers need to perform crew teams. After landing the plane, it is necessary to leave it as soon as possible, protect yourself from the heat and smoke with clothes, to the exit, it should be swollen, breathing only closing the mouth and the nose of matter (handkerchief, sleeves). Manual sting specialists recommend not to take with them.
When an emergency landing of the aircraft. In the case of the crew of the aircraft, the decision on the forced landing of passengers warn about it in a timely manner. When an emergency landing, you must follow the instructions of the commander and crew of the aircraft.
If the passengers have the opportunity, then wear upper clothes, which will protect against injuries. Specialists advise passengers to group and strain the body and try to keep in place during a sharp braking of the aircraft after its landing. Do not get up from the chair until the aircraft stops and the corresponding crew team. After stopping the aircraft, it should be left using an emergency output and move away from it to a safe distance (at least 100 m). In case of emergency landing of the aircraft, it is necessary to wear a life jacket and inflate it immediately before leaving the plane.
Experience shows that the most dangerous factor in the emergency is panic. In most cases, panic arises when tourists (passengers) are not ready for an emergency and do not know how to mobilize themselves on calm, reasonable actions in the established situation. Therefore, being on the plane, you should think about what to do in various dangerous situations. This will allow a person if the emergency will indeed come, more calmly and confidently act in order to save his life and other affected.
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